ESGACROSSBORDERS:THECULTURALCONTEXTJuly2023IPSOSVIEWSESGSERIESCONTENTSFOREWORD“SUSTAINABILITY”:AREWETHEKALEIDOSCOPEOFPage03ALLONTHESAMEPAGE?EQUALITYTHECLIMATEOFPage06Page18CLIMATECHANGEOPINIONAPPLYINGCULTURALUSPage26TRANSFERABILITYANALYSISTOESGPage41INDIAPage34SOUTHAFRICAPage46BRAZILPage54CHINAPage50Page582–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaFOREWORDLaurenDemarChiefSustainabilityOfficerandGlobalHeadofESG,IpsosLauren.Demar@Ipsos.comEnvironmental.Social.Governance.ThedomainofESGstretchesacrossabroadrangeofthemesthatarejustascomplexastheyarefar-reaching.TotrulyunderstandhowsocietyisevolvingonESG,weneedtogoreallydeep.Asuperficialunderstandingofthesubjectisunlikelytobeenough.Theseare,afterall,someofthemostpressingandurgentchallengesfacingourworldtoday.Andfurthercomplicatingmatters,manyESGtopicsareinterconnected,makingitdifficulttolookattheminisolation.LiketheAcademyAward-winningfilm,itcanfeellikeEverythingEverywhereAllatOnce.3–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaDevelopingprogrammes,services,policies,andEverythingEverywhereAllatOnce.ESGisanEachcountryhasitsownstrategiesthatarefitforpurposeandwhichwillhelpoverwhelmingtopic,fullofnuanceanddifferingidiosyncrasies,groundedinanorganisationorgovernmentbodytooperatemoreopinions,withhighexpectationsfromcitizensaroundhistory,context,language,sustainablyinthelongtermisnoeasytask.Eachtheworld,andmanyopportunitiestogetitright(andandculture.Justbecauseancountryhasitsownidiosyncrasies,groundedinhistory,wrong).TakingactiononESGinitiativesisincreasinglyapproachworksinoneplacecontext,language,andculture.Justbecauseanbecominganecessity—onethatstartswithhavingandoesnotmeanitwillbeaapproachworksinoneplacedoesnotmeanitwillbeainformedviewonhowsocietythinks.successelsewhere.successelsewhere.Wehopethisreportprovidesideas,information,andWetookthisastheimpetusforthisreport.Ourgoalwasinspirationtohelpyoudevelopyourthinking.AsyoutotakealookatwhatESGmeansforpeoplearoundtheread,youwillnotethatwehaveprovideddetailsoftheworld,fromtheperspectiveoftheirday-to-daylives.resourcesandreferenceswefoundusefulinbringingOurexplorationtakesusthroughtheir(oftencompeting)togetherthisreport.Letusknowwhatyouthink,andpriorities.Itlooksatthelanguagepeopleuse,andhowwhereweshouldgonext.Welookforwardtojoiningtheyrelatetothelargertopicathand.Itexaminestheiryouonyourjourney.expectationsofbusinessesandinstitutions.Itexploreshowindividualscanbeinspiredandencouragedtotakepositiveaction.Anditraisesquestionsabouthowwecanbetterunderstand,communicate,andinnovate.4–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaKEYLEARNINGSVocabularymattersPeopleexpectThefightagainstCultureiskeygovernmentstoclimatechangeleadthewayinisseenasareducinginequalitygroupeffortAmongtheglobalpublic,thetermWhichgroupsofsocietyareperceivedGlobally,thereisasharedsensethatallThreeculturaldimensionsshapepeople’s“sustainability”hasamuchstrongertobefacingthemostunequalorcountrieswillneedtoworktogetherinattitudes,perceptionsandbehavioursassociationwithenvironmentaltopicsunfairtreatmentvariesdramaticallyordertofullytackleclimatechange.ButtowardsESGtopics.Firstly,whethertheirthansocialorgovernancetopics,fromonecountrytoanother.Butsomecountriesfeeltheyarebeingaskedculture’srelationshipwithnatureismorecarryingdifferentspecificconnotationsacrossallcountriessurveyed,theretosacrificetoomuch.oneofconquestoroneofco-existence.indifferentcountries.OrganisationsisawidespreadagreementthatSecondly,theirperceptionsaboutwhoandgovernmentbodiesmustclearlygovernmentsareprimarilyresponsiblehasthebestagencytodriveimpactanddefinewhattheymeanintheirESGforreducinginequality.makeadifference.Andthirdly,whethercommunications.theyprioritisebenefitsfortheworldatlargeorbenefitstotheirpersonallivesandthelivesofpeoplearoundthem.5–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChina“SUSTAINABILITY”:AREWEALLONTHESAMEPAGE?6–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContext6ForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChina“SUSTAINABILITY”:Fig.1–Mentionsof#sustainability(Englishspeakingmarkets)Mentions(thousands)AREWEALLONTHESAMEPAGE?200180“Sustainability”isatermthathasrapidlybeenincorporated160intoeverydaybusinesslanguage,oftenasanoverarching140termtoencompassESG(orEnvironment,Social,and120Governance).Itbroadlyfocusesondeliveringprosperity100withconsiderationofpeopleandplanet.180Alookatthefrequencyofmentionsofthistermonsocial60mediaalsosuggeststhattheexpressionisincreasingly40beingusedinonlineconversations(Figure1).20Butdowereallyunderstandwhatpeoplemeanwhen0theyusethisword,anddoesitholdthesamemeaningforeveryone?Source:IpsosSynthesio,GlobalEnglish,1stDecember2019–31stJune2023.Dec7–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContext‘19Feb‘20Apr‘20Jun‘20Aug‘20Oct‘20Dec‘20Feb‘21Apr‘21Jun‘21Aug‘21Oct‘21Dec‘21Feb‘22Apr‘22Jun‘22Aug‘22Oct‘22Dec‘22Feb‘23Apr‘23Jun‘23ForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaWhatdoes“sustainability”meantopeopleFig.2–Associationswiththeterm“sustainability”acrosstheworldandindifferentcontexts?Q.Whichofthefollowingtopics,ifany,doyoumostassociatewiththeword“sustainability”?Pleaseselectthetopthree.Whatweasked:Affordableandcleanenergy28%Weaskedpeopleacross34countrieswhichof14topics–Encouragingmoreresilientandresponsible25%broadlybasedontheUN’sSustainableDevelopmentGoalsindustriesthatdonotdamagetheenvironment24%(SDGs)–theymostassociatewiththeword“sustainability”.24%Onlyproducingandconsumingwhat23%Whatwelearned:Environmentisprimaryisneededandeliminatingwaste22%20%Environmentalthemesdominate,withenergy,environmentalTakingactiontocombatclimatechange19%damage,wasteandclimatechangeprovingtobethefourConservingandresponsibleuseof17%moststronglyassociatedtopics.“Affordableandcleanoceansandmarineresources15%energy”comestop,withalmostathird(28%)choosingitas12%oneofthetopicstheymostassociatewith“sustainability”Protectingwildlifeandrestoringnaturalhabitats10%(Figure2).10%Accesstocleanwaterandnutritiousfoodforall7%Indeedthetopsixassociationswiththetermsustainablityall4%cover“E”topics,with“accessingcleanwaterandnutritiousEnsuringgoodhealthandwellbeingforall2%food”and“ensuringgoodhealthandwellbeing”forallranking7thand8th(Figure2).EndingpovertyandreducinginequalityFullandproductiveemploymentand8–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextdecentworkforallInclusiveandqualityeducationforallPromotingpeace,justiceandstronginstitutionsMakingcitiesandhumansettlementsmoreprotectedfromnaturaldisasterGenderequalityDon’tknowNoneoftheseSource:IpsosGlobalAdvisorBase:22,528onlineadultsaged16-74across34countries,26thAugust-9thSeptember2022.ForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaEvenfurtherdownthelistaremoresocialissueslikeFig.3–#Sustainability–keyconversationtopicspoverty,inequality,productiveemployment,inclusivity,education,peaceandjustice,withgenderequalityhavingTourismthelowestassociationofall.Soweseethat,atatop-linelevel,environmentrelatedtopicsaremoreclearlylinkedtoESGInitiativesTourismResponsibleodwaFoodtheterm“sustainability”thansocialissues.tourismGrsteCompostowingownFoWhatisbeingdiscussedwhen#sustainabilityathomeisused?PlasticWhenwelookatwhatpeoplearesayingonline,weseeagainthatthepublicassociatetheterm“sustainability”iletriesESGOutlookGreenWeekinmorestronglywithenvironmentalissuesthanwithsocialorInitiativesofESGpeppersvegetablesgovernanceissues.WecarriedouttopicmodellingofonlineBamboostrategiesconversationsrelatingtotheuseof“#sustainability”drawntoothbrushesToPackagingPlasticfreeKeepplasticSolarPowerfromthreemonthsofallEnglishlanguagecontentoverSJulyoutofthesummer2022.2Bycuratingalistofover100topicsdowntoElectricVehiclesSustainable34macrotopicsthatdescribeonlineconversation(shownpackagingenvironmentinFigure3),wecouldseethatwater,climatechangeandpackagingfeaturestrongly.PlasticbagNetZeroSolarHomefreedaysavingsdesign9–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextElectricEVchargingWaterJourneyVehiclesstationstowardsnetClimateChangeLoftynetzeroemissiongoalszeroeWaterBottleeusablMakecleanGlobalwaterCombatclimatessRSustainablewateraccessiblechallengeschangeClimatewaterbottlesleadersFarmingRecyclingFarmersforSustainableustainabilityinBusinesRecycleRecyclesustainablefarmingelectronicthingsfoodFashionwasteBuildingsSustainableSustainableSustainabilitySustainabilityFashionSustainablehomesbuildingsinbusinessisimportantsustainabilityFashionHousearchitectureSource:IpsosSynthesio,analysisonkeytopicswith#sustainability.DatacollectedfromJune-August2022.ForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaHowever,bothSustainabilityinBusinessandESGInitiativesFig.4–Meaningofsustainabilityforemployeesarealsoveryprominent,suggestingthatconversationsdomovebeyondEforenvironment–asweseeintheQ.Whenyouhearthetermsustainabilityusedinanorganisation,whatdoesthismeantoyou?34-countryquantitativeanalysis.BeingenvironmentallyThinkingaboutClearandfocusedAndhowdoemployeesinterpretsustainability?friendlythefuturebusinessstrategy/decisions/Takingathirdperspective(beyondsurveyandonline54%24%processesconversations),weaskedemployeeswhattheythought“sustainability”meantwhenitisusedinanorganisational12%context.3Whileorganisationsuse“sustainability”torefertoESGinitsbroadeststate,ourresearchshowsthatFocusingonFocusingonSupportingBeingemployeeshaveanarrowerunderstandingoftheterm.Oncecommunitiesemployeesclientsresponsibleagainenvironmentdominates,withamajorityofresponsesreferringtobeingenvironmentallyfriendly.10%8%8%7%AquarterofresponsesassociatethetermwiththinkingImprovingworking5%aboutthefuture,withapproximatelyonein10mentioningconditionsclearandfocusedbusinessstrategy.Socialassociations,suchaslookingaftercommunities,focusingonemployeesSource:IpsosKarianandBoxonlinesurvey.andsupportingclients,followbehind.Base:8,407responsesfromemployeesatfourFinancialServicesfirmshead-quarteredintheUKandIreland,collectedbetweenOctoberandNovember2022Asanopen-textquestion,responseswereanalysedandcodedintothemes,thetopofwhicharereportedhere.Themesdon’tsum100%assomecommentsmentionedseveralthemes.10–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextuserid:414195,docid:151075,date:2024-01-11,sgpjbg.comForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaThislatestanalysisisrestrictedtotheFinancialServicessector;oursenseisthatthisviewcouldbecommonacrossmanysectors.AglobalaveragehidingregionaldifferencesAssociationswiththeterm“sustainability”varygreatlyacrosstheworld(seeFigure5overpage).Thisislikelydrivenbytheverydifferentpolitical,environmental,andsocialbackdropsineachcountry,aswellastheparticularculturalcontext.Onaverageglobally,almostaquarter(24%)associatesustainabilitywith“onlyproducingandconsumingwhatisneededandeliminatingwaste”.ButthisglobalaverageisheldupnotablybystrongerassociationsacrossEuropeancountrieslikeRomania,Hungary(both36%),GreatBritain(35%),Italy,IrelandandFrance(34%each).Atthesametime,whileonly15%across34countriesassociate“fullandproductiveemploymentanddecentworkforall”withsustainability.Thisrisestoalmostthreein10inArgentinaandPeru(both29%)andtoalmostfourin11–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaFig.5–Associationswiththeterm“sustainability”bycountryQ.Whichofthefollowingtopics,ifany,doyoumostassociatewiththeword“sustainability”?Pleaseselectthetopthree.TOTARGAUSBELBRACANCHLCHNCOLGERESPFRAGBHUNIDNIREISRINDITAJAPKORMEXMALNLDPERPOLROUSAUSWESGPTHATURUSUAERSAAffordableandcleanenergy28%21%35%33%31%28%28%27%28%23%36%29%31%35%21%34%31%24%40%13%24%28%19%35%18%25%31%26%23%35%25%28%29%25%30%Encouragingmoreresilientandresponsibleindustriesthatdonot25%27%25%16%22%20%37%38%33%12%28%17%25%38%30%22%20%27%18%24%35%33%24%24%29%29%24%17%18%25%24%32%19%13%19%damagetheenvironmentOnlyproducingandconsumingwhatisneededandeliminating24%13%32%32%30%27%16%15%15%32%29%34%35%36%10%34%15%18%34%24%29%18%16%30%11%27%36%17%25%28%14%21%29%14%21%wasteTakingactiontocombat24%20%24%25%21%20%25%30%28%26%32%31%26%29%21%28%17%16%31%17%35%25%14%28%17%30%21%16%28%31%12%29%20%21%21%climatechangeConservingandresponsibleuse23%18%30%23%20%25%28%35%22%34%27%28%30%17%29%26%14%15%22%18%22%22%17%21%24%19%18%17%24%29%18%20%24%18%19%ofoceansandmarineresourcesProtectingwildlifeand22%29%27%23%24%25%27%29%26%34%21%26%28%17%18%28%14%22%21%11%15%25%21%20%25%23%16%14%25%24%16%9%23%16%22%restoringnaturalhabitatsAccesstocleanwaterand20%24%18%22%23%23%18%15%18%22%15%16%16%24%23%18%27%19%15%16%15%24%18%19%19%21%21%14%28%17%14%22%23%22%29%nutritiousfoodforallEnsuringgoodhealthand19%27%12%18%20%14%20%14%20%9%14%15%10%18%25%13%26%24%18%16%17%22%27%17%28%14%23%22%18%19%19%21%16%24%21%wellbeingforallEndingpovertyand17%24%9%15%18%13%14%17%16%11%14%13%10%17%27%10%25%15%13%14%17%16%26%11%19%15%16%21%15%11%35%21%12%19%27%reducinginequalityFullandproductiveemployment15%29%8%10%17%9%15%16%24%8%12%9%8%9%37%10%16%20%15%9%20%23%15%8%29%15%15%12%10%11%21%17%12%13%20%anddecentworkforallInclusiveandquality12%16%7%9%16%6%11%13%14%6%8%6%6%11%15%8%20%16%9%9%9%14%17%4%21%9%15%29%5%6%21%17%6%24%10%educationforallPromotingpeace,justiceand10%10%6%7%9%6%7%15%10%8%7%7%6%6%14%8%8%15%8%9%7%8%21%5%9%10%8%12%9%10%14%16%7%15%11%stronginstitutionsMakingcitiesandhumansettlementsmoreprotected10%4%8%7%10%5%6%20%7%7%9%8%7%5%12%8%10%17%10%6%14%7%19%6%7%7%10%14%7%11%13%12%7%15%11%fromnaturaldisasterGenderequality7%5%4%5%5%4%4%10%5%3%6%4%5%3%4%7%7%17%6%10%8%5%5%2%7%11%6%15%10%6%18%7%7%10%15%Source:IpsosGlobalAdvisorBase:22,528onlineadultsaged16-74across34countries,26thAugust-9thSeptember2022.12–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChina10inIndonesia(37%).Andlinkageto“inclusiveandqualityFig.6–Whatcitizenswanttheircountrytoprioritise:aspreadacrossEandSeducationforall”ismuchhigherinSaudiArabia(29%)andtheUnitedArabEmirates(24%)thantheglobalaverageof12%.Q.Whenitcomestosustainability,whichofthefollowingthingsaremostimportantforyourcountrytoaddress?Pleaseselectthetopthree.Of34countries,Malaysiahasthemostaccurateunderstandingoftheword“sustainability”,withAffordableandcleanenergy26%environmental,socialandgovernanceissuesallappearingin23%thetopfivetopicsmoststronglyassociatedwiththeterm.Endingpovertyandreducinginequality23%22%What’sthepriority?Ensuringgoodhealthandwellbeingforall21%Encouragingmoreresilientandresponsible19%Althoughwhenthepublicheartheword“sustainability”theyindustriesthatdonotdamagetheenvironment19%aremorelikelytothinkofenvironmentaltopics,theiractual19%prioritiesspreadmoreevenlyacrossEandS.Takingactiontocombatclimatechange17%15%Whenwegavecitizensfromacross34countriesalistofFullandproductiveemploymentand15%sustainabilitytopicsandaskedwhichissuetheymostwantdecentworkforall12%theircountrytoprioritise,providing“affordableandclean11%energy”camenumberone(26%).ThefocusthenswitchesAccesstocleanwaterandnutritiousfoodforall8%tocoresocialtopics,with“endingpovertyandreducingOnlyproducingandconsumingwhat5%inequality”and“ensuringgoodhealthandwellbeingforall”isneededandeliminatingwaste2%completingcitizens’topthreepriorities(both23%)(Figure6).Protectingwildlifeandrestoringnaturalhabitats13–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextConservingandresponsibleuseofoceansandmarineresourcesInclusiveandqualityeducationforallPromotingpeace,justiceandstronginstitutionsMakingcitiesandhumansettlementsmoreprotectedfromnaturaldisasterGenderequalityDon’tknowNoneoftheseSource:IpsosGlobalAdvisorBase:22,528onlineadultsaged16-74across34countries,26thAugust-9thSeptember2022.ForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaThisalignswithwhatweseeinIpsos’WhatWorriestheFig.7–WhatcitizenswantbusinesstoprioritiseWorldsurvey:4peoplearemostlikelytofocusonverysocialconcernsthatimpactthemday-to-dayratherthanTopConcernsQ:Whenitcomestotheroleofmulti-nationalcompaniesinonenvironmentalissueswhichcansometimesfeelmorecorporateresponsibilityhowimportantareeachoftheremote.Howeverasmaybeexpected,thetwosocialissuesfollowingareas?ofpoverty&inequalityandgoodhealth/wellbeingforallarenotaswidelyprioritisedindevelopedeconomiesastheyarePleaserankthebelowareaswhere1ismostimportantindevelopingeconomies.and3isleastimportantTheglobalfocusthenswitchesbacktotacklingclimate29%43%28%change,whichcomesinasthefourthpriority–hardlysurprisinggiventhatoneintwogloballytellusclimateProtectingtheEnvironmentImprovingSocietyPracticinggoodGovernancechangehasalreadyhadasevereeffectintheareawheretheylive.5includingprotectingandcaringforincludingtreatmentofemployeesincludingtaxstrategy,executiveournaturalenvironment&diversity,workingconditionsremunerationAcrossthe34countries,“fullandproductiveemploymentanddecentworkforall”isthefifthmostimportanttopicthattheglobalpublicthinktheircountryshouldfocuson(chosenby19%),butthisisnoticeablymoreimportantforcitizensinArgentina(37%),Indonesia(36%)andPeru(30%).Source:IGRMSurveyBase:19,000onlineadultsaged16-74across27countries,April202314–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaWhenitcomestodesiredactiontocreateasustainablelikelyacross30marketstotakepartinproteststocombatfuture,itisimportanttonotethemorebalancedspreadclimatechange(whichdirectlyimpactsthesehabitats).betweenenvironmentalandsocialissues.ThisechoeswhatPerhapsanairofthe‘say-do’orperhaps‘say-carewehaveseeninourresearchelsewhere:whencitizensenough’gap?areaskedabouttheroleofmulti-nationalcompaniesincorporateresponsibility,theyassignrelativelyequalpriorityCitizensassignrelativelyequalprioritytoenvironmental,socialandgovernance(ESG)topics–toenvironmental,socialandgovernancealthoughthemostrecentdatashowsthattheweighthas(ESG)topics.shiftedtofocusmoreonthe‘S’ofimprovingsociety.6Consideringthestrengthoftheirassociationwiththeterm“sustainability”,issuesrelatingtonaturearerelativelylowamongtheprioritiesthatcitizenswanttheircountrytoaddress.Thatsaid,“protectingwildlifeandrestoringnaturalhabitats”remainsmoreofapriorityforAustralia(27%),Germany(26%),China(24%),andGreatBritain(23%),comparedwithaglobalcountryaverageof17%.Interestingly,workwithEDF7showsthatcitizensfromAustralia,Germany,andGreatBritainareamongtheleast15–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaFig.8–WhatcitizenswanttheircountrytofocusonQ.Whenitcomestosustainability,whichofthefollowingthingsaremostimportantforyourcountrytoaddress?Pleaseselectthetopthree.TOTARGAUSBELBRACANCHLCHNCOLGERESPFRAGBHUNIDNIREISRINDITAJAPKORMEXMALNLDPERPOLROUSAUSWESGPTHATURUSUAERSAAffordableandcleanenergy26%17%36%31%26%27%25%23%23%27%32%22%36%36%18%39%28%23%37%15%22%23%13%40%13%33%26%26%29%29%21%27%26%24%28%Endingpovertyand23%34%14%20%26%17%20%24%25%16%19%15%17%30%36%19%32%23%17%21%27%23%30%18%27%18%24%22%18%14%35%29%18%26%35%reducinginequalityEnsuringgoodhealthand23%27%17%22%27%22%25%21%24%14%20%17%19%25%35%21%31%23%23%21%14%25%29%23%36%14%24%22%24%23%20%24%19%20%21%wellbeingforallEncouragingmoreresilientandresponsibleindustriesthatdonot22%22%22%15%21%20%29%29%26%12%24%15%22%25%28%24%19%22%18%17%34%29%19%23%26%23%23%19%20%25%20%27%17%17%17%damagetheenvironmentTakingactiontocombat21%18%27%18%18%21%25%26%22%25%26%27%25%19%16%24%12%17%29%18%35%21%14%28%13%28%18%14%22%30%10%23%23%15%17%climatechangeFullandproductiveemployment19%37%12%13%22%11%22%21%25%9%22%11%15%10%36%16%18%22%25%14%31%26%15%7%30%20%17%13%16%17%22%23%15%14%31%anddecentworkforallAccesstocleanwaterand19%20%17%17%23%26%17%17%21%18%14%14%15%25%18%21%21%21%13%13%10%27%20%21%20%21%21%15%18%20%13%17%28%22%32%nutritiousfoodforallOnlyproducingandconsumingwhat19%9%26%23%19%19%12%16%12%26%22%26%26%23%11%25%12%18%26%20%21%12%16%23%9%23%27%13%19%25%12%22%20%18%13%isneededandeliminatingwasteProtectingwildlifeand17%18%27%17%19%20%21%24%23%26%18%18%23%11%13%18%8%19%14%7%12%19%21%13%21%19%15%12%21%18%14%8%21%15%17%restoringnaturalhabitatsConservingandresponsibleuse15%9%21%10%17%15%21%24%19%20%19%16%18%5%22%16%9%16%15%14%18%17%16%11%19%10%11%16%19%17%15%13%17%11%12%ofoceansandmarineresourcesInclusiveandquality15%20%7%11%17%6%15%20%21%8%11%8%7%14%20%8%26%16%13%11%11%16%23%7%25%9%18%26%9%8%23%22%8%25%18%educationforallPromotingpeace,justiceand12%14%6%6%8%9%13%18%15%10%10%6%8%9%16%9%10%17%11%12%12%12%26%7%15%14%10%14%12%13%19%20%10%16%14%stronginstitutionsMakingcitiesandhumansettlementsmoreprotected11%5%11%11%12%6%6%21%8%8%9%10%7%6%11%8%9%16%13%9%17%8%17%6%10%10%1%14%7%10%14%13%7%15%11%fromnaturaldisasterGenderequality8%6%5%7%4%6%8%8%5%4%11%5%5%4%5%8%7%18%9%9%9%3%6%3%7%9%5%13%12%8%17%11%7%9%18%Source:IpsosGlobalAdvisorBase:22,528onlineadultsaged16-74across34countries,26thAugust-9thSeptember2022.16–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaThetopfiveissuesthatglobalButwhenitcomestoacting,issuesaroundsocietycometocitizensthinkit’smostimportantfortheirthefore.Therangeoftopicsmakingupthetopfiveissuescountrytoaddressindicatesaneedtothatglobalcitizensconsidermostimportantfortheircountrygiveparallelprioritytobothsocialandtoaddressindicatesaneedtogiveparallelprioritytobothenvironmentalissues.socialandenvironmentalissues.Insummary…Thisisevenmoreclearlythecasewhenweconsidercitizens’expectationsofmulti-nationalcompanies.ThereisaclearSothepublicthinkof“sustainability”asmorelinkedtoneedtoconsiderallelementsofE,SandG–particularlyenvironmentalaction–cleanenergy,limitingdamagetothethe‘S’whichencompassesdiversityandinclusivity,workingenvironment,onlyproducingandconsumingwhatisneeded,conditions,supportinginitiativesthatwillservethepoorandactingtocombatclimatechange,andconservingandunderserved,aswellashealthandsafety.restoringnaturalhabitatsandoceans.Asclimatechangeprogresses,environmentalandsocialVocabularymatters:although“sustainability”isoftenusedissueswillbecomeirrevocablyintertwined.Asthisbecomesinterchangeablywith“ESG”inbusinesslanguage,itismoreevident,awarenesswillbuildthatourabilitytothriveunderstooddifferentlybytheglobalpublic,carryingdifferentonthisplanetwillbedependentontheneedforustovaluespecificconnotationsindifferentcountries.Organisationsandbringtogetherallhumanresourcesacrosstheglobetoandbusinessesmustbeclearaboutwhattheymeanintheirensureapositiveandprosperousfuture.8Butwillthishappencommunications.quicklyenough?17–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaTHEKALEIDOSCOPEOFEQUALITY18–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaTHEKALEIDOSCOPEWhatdoesafairsocietylooklike?OFEQUALITYWeaskedpeopletomakeachoice–isafairsocietyoneIndia’slowscoreisnotindicativeofinwhicheveryoneisgiventhesameopportunities?Oranindifferencetowardshavingaccessoneinwhicheveryoneenjoysthesamequalityoflife?tothesameopportunities–ratheritisaresultofnotwantingtochooseGlobally,fewpeopleareparticularlytakenwiththeideabetweenequalopportunitiesandofequaloutcomesinandofitself.Justoneinfivepeopleequalqualityoflife.globally(18%)thinkthisisamoreaccuratedefinitionthanhavingaccesstothesameopportunities,withsupportOnaverageacross33countries,morethanhalfofcitizensonlyvaryingby12pts(reachingahighof23%inTurkey,(52%)saythatinequalityisimportantwhenconsideredSwitzerlandandIndiaandalowof11%inPortugal).amongstallotherproblemsfacingtheircountry,withonly8%sayingit’snotimportant.ButhowdoescountryandConversely,havingthesameopportunitiesisaviewwhichcontextaffectwhatpeopleimagineafairsocietytobe?receivesmuchgreatersupport,withalmostoneintwoAndwhatshouldwetargetinthepursuitofequality?globally(46%)selectingthisasthedefinitionofafairsociety.WhilethisopinionisparticularlystronginPortugal(68%),Peru(61%)andPoland(58%),thereisa47ptdifferencebetweenthetopandthebottomofthecountryrankings,withsupportfallingtojust21%inIndia.19–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaHowever,India’slowscoreisnotindicativeofanindifferenceFig.9–Isthejobdone?towardshavingaccesstothesameopportunities–ratheritisaresultofnotwantingtochoosebetweenequalQ.Thinkingaboutattemptstopromoteequalityforallgroupsofpeoplein...,doyouthinkthatoverall:opportunitiesandequalqualityoflife.WhilecountrieslikePolandandPortugalhaveaneasiertimechoosingbetweenGonetoofarNeedtogofurtherthetwo,elsewherecitizensrefusetogiveupononetohavetheother.MorethanathirdsaythatequaloutcomesandGlobalCountryAverage19%49%equalopportunitiesareasimportantaseachothertothedefinitionofafairsocietyinThailand(41%),India(38%),GreatBritain28%40%Brazil(37%),Malaysia(36%),SouthAfricaandAustralia(both35%).Argentina27%45%Havewegonefarenough?UnitedStates26%43%Globally,thereisagreementthatmoreworkneedstobePoland26%23%done.In32outof33countriessurveyed,morepeopleagreethatweneedtogofurthertopromoteequalityforallAustralia25%40%groupsofpeoplethansaywehavegonetoofar(49%vs19%onaveragerespectively).Polandistheoutlier,withSpain24%46%morethanoneinfoursayingwe’vegonetoofar(26%vs23%whosayweneedtogofurther).Sweden23%52%NewZealand23%42%SouthAfrica22%61%Canada22%35%SouthKorea22%51%Peru20%50%Switzerland20%39%Netherlands20%53%France19%43%Italy19%40%India19%24%Germany19%48%Mexico19%47%Ireland18%48%Chile18%54%Colombia18%61%Japan18%42%Belgium17%44%Brazil17%63%Romania17%44%Malaysia15%44%Turkey14%62%Thailand13%57%Hungary11%66%Singapore11%46%Portugal8%79%Indonesia6%71%Source:IpsosEqualitiesIndex2023Base:26,259onlineadultsaged16-74across33countries,17February–3March,202320–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaNevertheless,theviewthatattemptstopromoteequalityWomendon’tmakethetopthreeeverywherehavegonetoofarisnotnegligible,holdingparticularstrengthinGreatBritain(28%),Argentina(27%),theUSWhilemorethanoneinfourgloballythinkwomenfaceandPoland(both26%).someofthemostdiscriminationintheircountry,concernisnotablylowerincertainplaces.InJapan,forinstance,Incontrast,fewerthanonein10agreethateffortshaveonly15%considerwomentobethegroupfacinggonetoofarinIndonesia(6%)andPortugal(8%),bothmostunequaltreatment–butJapan’scultureleadstocountriesalsoleadingthewayintheiracknowledgementacomplexrelationshipwithgenderequality.Despitethatmoreneedstobedone.sittingin125thof146countriesforgenderequality,9inasurveyof27countries,peopleinJapan–bothmenandWho’sthepriority?women–weretheleastlikelytosaythatachievinggenderequalityisimportanttothempersonally.ReadmoreaboutGlobally,peoplewithphysicaldisabilitiesareseenasthehowthecultural,institutionalandsocietalcontextdrivesgroupfacingthemostunfairorunequaltreatment(chosenambivalencetowardsgenderinequalityinJapanhere.by33%ofpeopleonaverage).Theyarefollowedbywomen(26%),andpeoplewithmentalhealthconditionsLGBpeopleareapriorityinLATAM(25%),butthepicturevariesconsiderablybycountry(seeFigure10).Onaveragegloballyjustunderoneinfour(24%)saythatlesbians,gaymenandbisexualpeoplefacethemostdiscrimination,butthisrisesto42%inPolandand40%inBrazilwheretheyalsoranktopasthegroupfacing21–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaFig.10–Q:Whichofthesegroupsofpeople,ifany,doyouthinkmostexperienceunequalorunfairtreatmentin...today?TOTARGAUSBELBRACANCHLCOLGERESPFRAGBHUNIDNIREINDITAJAPKORMEXMALNLDPERPOLPORROUSWESGPTHATURUSRSAPeoplewithphysicaldisabilities33%38%34%34%38%24%37%38%39%28%42%29%20%41%30%26%29%26%41%43%29%34%42%32%46%52%31%29%32%26%23%30%Women26%24%25%23%39%20%29%29%33%32%36%22%19%23%26%30%30%15%21%34%19%20%26%22%27%20%28%11%14%51%23%42%Peoplewithmental25%27%30%23%23%31%28%16%28%28%20%27%18%32%37%20%16%18%16%19%20%24%21%20%38%26%31%32%20%18%24%24%healthconditionsLGB24%23%17%23%40%14%31%34%24%27%26%20%28%26%20%13%30%23%19%35%15%21%35%42%28%22%20%23%18%24%25%28%Peoplefromminority23%10%22%21%32%29%17%25%19%19%20%28%23%38%30%17%15%7%9%30%22%35%33%12%24%17%28%22%24%11%34%30%ethnicgroupsTransandnon-binary22%23%22%20%30%21%25%27%20%29%22%24%21%22%25%20%23%22%17%22%11%23%23%35%26%14%25%22%20%20%29%19%Immigrants22%18%25%32%12%26%28%23%19%31%30%30%10%7%36%18%27%13%13%25%17%30%26%15%30%12%28%21%17%11%28%30%Peoplewhoareneurodivergent20%26%24%16%25%15%30%14%17%21%21%22%24%19%24%8%14%14%23%21%19%17%25%16%25%31%23%27%27%9%15%11%Peopleofspecificreligions12%5%12%12%20%13%6%9%9%8%13%12%5%40%11%26%6%4%5%7%19%8%5%11%6%6%17%10%8%16%19%14%Seniorcitizens11%11%6%10%8%9%8%14%7%11%11%8%13%4%11%13%17%6%14%9%10%15%8%9%16%16%10%8%9%25%7%17%Youngadults11%11%6%10%8%9%8%14%7%11%11%8%13%4%11%13%17%6%14%9%10%15%8%9%16%16%10%8%9%25%7%17%Men6%5%11%4%3%8%3%4%4%11%4%9%4%3%6%12%5%6%10%5%6%5%4%4%3%6%6%5%5%8%9%14%Source:IpsosEqualitiesIndex2023Base:26,259adultsaged16-74across33countries,17February–3March,202322–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinamostinequality.ThisviewismoreprevalentacrossLatinWeseeapositivecorrelationAmericagenerally,withLatinAmericancountriesmakingbetweentheethnicdiversityofacountryupfiveofthesixcountriesmostlikelytopicklesbians,andtheproportionofpeoplewhosaygaymenandbisexualsasthegroupsfacingmostunequalthatminorityethnicgroupsfacethetreatment–Brazil40%,Peru(35%),Mexico(both35%),mostinequality.Colombia(34%)andChile(31%).Themoreyouseethemoreyoucare?WeseeapositivecorrelationbetweentheethnicdiversityTherearesomeoutliersthough.Thecomparativelyofacountry–measuredthroughethnicfractionalisationhomogenouscountryoftheNetherlandsplacesminorityi.e.,theprobabilitythattworandomlydrawnindividualsethnicgroupsatthetopofthelistofgroupswhomostfromacountrybelongtotwodifferentethnicgroups10faceunequaltreatment,comingsecondintheglobal–andtheproportionofpeoplewhosaythatminorityrankingswith35%.ethnicgroupsfacethemostinequality.MoreethnicallyhomogenouscountrieslikeSouthKoreaorJapanareMeanwhile,theheterogenouscountryofIndiaranksmuchlesslikelytoseeminorityethnicgroupsasthosecomparativelylow(17%chooseminorityethnicgroups).facingmostinequality(9%and7%,respectively),Instead,greaterunfairtreatmentisperceivedasaresultwhilethecontraryistrueofmorediversecountrieslikeofreligiousmembership.OveroneinfourIndians(26%)Indonesia(38%)andPeru(33%).selectpeopleofspecificreligionsasthegroupwhoface23–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinathemostunequaltreatmentinIndia,rankingjoint-secondTheoldandtheyoungand14ptsabovetheglobalcountryaverage.Peopleofspecificreligiousgroupsalsocomejoint-secondinTurkeystandsoutforseveralreasons.First,foritshigher-Indonesia(40%,28ptsabovetheglobalcountryaverage).than-averageagreementthatwomenfaceunequaltreatment(25ptshigherthantheglobalaverage).Second,foritsConcernandcontradictionperceptionoftheoldandtheyoung.Seniorcitizensandyoungadultsrankjoint-thirdinTurkeyasgroupsfacingInBritain,thepicturediffersonceagain,withBritonsthemostunequaltreatment,chosenbyoneinfour(25%,perceivingimmigrantsasthegroupfacingthemost14ptsabovetheglobalaverage),suggestingthatage-basedunequaltreatment(30%vsglobalcountryaverageofdiscriminationisseenasparticularlyprominentinTurkey.22%).Immigrantsarealsothe#2and#3groupsfacingmostunequaltreatmentinBelgium(32%)andtheHowshouldwemoveforwards?Netherlands(30%)respectively.Thispointstocomplexattitudestowardsimmigration,aspeopleineachoftheseIneachofthe30countriessurveyed,peoplearemostcountriesalsociteimmigrationcontrolasthefifthmostlikelytosaythatthegovernmentistheentityprimarilyworryingissuefacingtheircountry.responsiblefortakingactiontoreduceinequality.Sixin10(66%)agreewiththisonaverageglobally,risingtoalmosteightin10inRomania(79%).OnlyintheUS(48%)andIndia(40%)doesamajoritynotholdthisview.24–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaOntheglobalscale,governmentsits40ptsaheadoftheentityrankingsecond:themedia(26%).ThemediaisseentoplayaparticularlyimportantroleinIndonesia(38%),Peru(37%),SouthAfricaandSouthKorea(both34%).Thispointstoanopportunityglobally–butinthesecountriesespecially–forbrandstoimproveengagementbyinclusiverepresentationintheiradvertising.Andwecanseefromourresearchthatinadditiontocontributingtowardsabettersociety,positiverepresentationsinadsalsoleadtopositivebusinessoutcomes.Brandsmustbecognisantofthesecountryandculturaldifferencesinordertobeempatheticwiththeirpositioning.Theymusttakedifferingprioritiesandconcernsintoaccountinordertoensurethatlocalexecutionsofproductsandcommunicationsaresensitive,drivinginclusivityinanauthenticway.25–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaTHECLIMATEOFCLIMATECHANGEOPINION26–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaTHECLIMATEOFThisyear’sCOP28inDubaiwillseeleadersgathertoCLIMATECHANGE“seizethemoment”,withastatedaimtoputtheworldonOPINIONtherighttrackformeetingthegoalsandambitionsoftheParisClimateAgreement.Thescienceonclimatechangeisacknowledged.Andtheworld’sleadersAttheheartofthemeetingistheadventofa“Globalare–atleastintheirpublicstatementsStocktake”,whichwillassessprogresssincethe2015–committedtoacting.Butwhataboutagreement.Amissionwhichismadeevenmoreurgentpublicattitudesandbehaviour?inthewakeoftherecentannouncementthattheworldisnowsettobreachthe1.5Climit,atleasttemporarily.Thescienceonclimatechangeisacknowledgedthesedays.Andtheworld’sleadersare–atleastintheirpublicstatements–committedtoacting.Butwhataboutpublicattitudesandbehaviour?Inthespiritofthisreport,we’vebeenexploringwhatwecanlearnbylookingattheclimateofpublicopinionthroughthelensofdifferentcontextsandcountries.Herewepresentourown“GlobalOpinionStocktake”usingourannual26-countryEarthDaysurveyasaguide.27–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChina#1:Businessesandgovernments#4:Andweareevenlessclearabout62%agreethatifindividualsneedtoact.whatwillreallymakeadifference.donotactnowtocombatOtherwisetheywillbefailingtheircustomers,employeesOurlatestPerilsofPerceptionworkgivespeoplealistofclimatechange,theywillbeandfuturegenerations.Sixin10sharethesesentiments,waysthattheycouldchangetheirbehaviourstoreducefailingfuturegenerations.andtheirviewsarebroadlyconsistentacrosscountries.globalgreenhousegasemissionsandtheirindividualcarbonfootprint.“Livingcarfree”ranksin8thposition,58%agreethatifbusinesses#2:We–asindividuals–accordingtotheglobalpublic.Inreality,it’sactuallytheneedtoplayourpart.number1mostimpactfulactiontheycouldtake,outofdonotactnowtocombatthe13optionsthatwerepresent.climatechange,theywillbeSome70%saythat,ifeveryonemadesmallchangesinfailingtheiremployeesandtheireverydaylives,thiscouldmakeabigdifferenceinMorepositively,weareseeingsignsofgreatercustomers.tacklingclimatechange.Mostcountriesrejecttheideaunderstandingoftheissuesathand.Forexample,that“climatechangeisbeyondourcontrol,it’stoolatetomisperceptionsthatrecyclingisthemosteffectivewaywe61%agreethatiftheircountry’sdoanythingaboutit”.asindividualscanactarelesswidespreadthantheywere.Itmaybethattherecentfocusonfuelscarcity,againstgovernmentdoesnotact#3:Peoplearen’t100%clearaboutthethebackdropofrisingenergypricesandthegeopoliticalnowtocombatclimatemaincausesofglobalwarming.implicationsofthewarinUkraine,havehelpedusbecomechange,itwillbefailingthealittlemoreknowledgeableontheseissues.peopleoftheircountry.Greateremphasisiscurrentlyplacedonproductsthatdepletetheozonelayer,ratherthanactivitiesthatareTakethePerilsofPerceptionQuizactuallymuchmorepolluting,namelythechallengesEarthDay2023–ThePerilsofPerceptionIpsosassociatedwithindustry,transportanddeforestation.28–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChina#5:Viewsarebynomeansclimate-drivenweathereventsinothercountriesaround61%thesameeverywhere….theworld”isrankednumber4acrossthe26countriessurveyed,butjoint#1inJapan.Meanwhile,“seeingtheTake,forexamplethequestionofwhethermycountry’simpactofclimate-drivenweather-eventsinmycountry”government“hasaclearplaninplaceforhowisoneofthetopmotivationsfortakingactioninAustralia,government,businessesandpeoplethemselvesaregoingIndia,Indonesia,MalaysiaandThailand,aswellasJapan.toworktogethertotackleclimatechange”.ScepticismAreminderthat,inmanypartsoftheworld,theimpactsofreignsintheUS,Belgium,Argentina,Hungary,andJapan.climatechangearenowincreasinglyrealandvisible.(SeeFiveverydifferentcountries,indifferentpartsoftheourchapteronculturaltransferabilityformoreonhowtheworld,andeachwithadifferenthistorywhenitcomestolanguageandcontextofESGvariesbycountry).governancesystemsandpoliticalculture.TheprevailingmoodinIndia,SingaporeandIndonesiacouldnotbeFig.11–%sayingmygovernmenthasaclearplanmoredifferent.67%#6:Messagesmayneedtobetailoredtoaparticularcontext.50%Whenweaskpeople“whatwouldencourageyouto19%19%15%15%14%takemoreaction?”,weseesomeinterestingnuancesbycountry.“Seeingfriends,familyandneighbors/neighboursUSBelgiumArgentinaHungaryJapanvsIndiaSingaporeIndonesiamakingchangestotheirbehavior/behaviour”issingledoutby24%onaverageglobally,butthisrisesto36%inSouthSource:IpsosEarthDay2023Africaand34%inTurkey.Similarly,“seeingtheimpactofBase:21,231onlineadultsaged16-74,interviewed20Jan–3March202329–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChina#7:ConcernandfocusappearsFig.12–Urgentyes...butdoweneedtoactrightnow?tobeslipping.Q.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowing?(%agree)Aswenoteattheoutset,peoplefeelthereisanimperativetoact,butthere’slessurgencythanayearago.202120222023Wesee10-pointfallsintheproportionsofpeoplesaying“ifgovernments/businesses/individualsdon’tactnowIfindividualslikemedonotactnowtocombatclimatechange,theywillbelettingeveryonedown”prettymuchacrosswewillbefailingfuturegenerationstheboard.75%Inmanypartsoftheworld,the70%impactsofclimatechangearenowincreasinglyrealandvisible.62%30–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextIfbusinesseslikemedonotactnowtocombatclimatechange,70%theywillbefailingtheiremployeesandcustomers68%58%If...’sgovernmentdoesnotactnowtocombatclimatechange,itwillbefailingthepeopleof...68%69%61%Source:IpsosEarthDay2023Base:21,231onlineadultsundertheageof75,interviewed20Jan–3March2023;2022:22,033onlineadultsundertheageof75,interviewed18Feb–4Mar2022;2021:20,511onlineadultsundertheageof75,interviewed19Feb–5Mar2021ForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaAustraliaconsistentlyranksasoneAnadditionalnoteofcautioncomesfromourreviewofthecountriesmostconcernedofthecountry-leveldataforfiveoftheworld’sbiggestaboutclimatechangeinourWhatand/orrichesteconomies,whothereforecontributeWorriestheWorldsurvey.toasignificantproportionofharmfulemissions.TheUS,Germany,Switzerland,SouthKorea,andJapanFormoreseetheIpsosinAustraliaconsistentlylieatthelowerendofthespectrumwhenitClimateChangereportcomestohowimportantitisforacollectiveefforttobehappeningrightnow.31–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextFig.13–29-countryranking(basedon%agreethatXshouldactnow)GOVTBUSINESSPEOPLEUS242327GERMANY262726SWITZERLAND272638SOUTHKOREA282825JAPAN292929Source:IpsosEarthDay2023Base:21,231onlineadultsaged16-74interviewed20Jan–3March2023ForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChina#8:Butwecanstilldothis,can’twe?Fig.14–ConsensusonneedforcollaborationThissensethat,givenalltheotherpressuresthatQ.Wecan’tfullytackleclimatechangeunlessallcountriesworktogethergovernments,businessandsocietyarecurrentlyfacing,wecanaffordtotakeourfootofftheaccelerator,isGlobalCountryAverageAgreeDisagreeclearlyconcerning.ButthereisatleastacknowledgmentSouthAfricathatthosewhoaremostresponsibleshouldpay,thatArgentina75%8%everyonetakingactioncanmakeadifferenceandthatitBelgium82%5%willrequireusalltopulltogether.OneofthebiggestareasSingapore80%7%ofconsensusisthissharedsenseamongthepublicthatColombia79%6%allcountriesneedtocollaborateifwearetofullytackleGreatBritain79%5%climatechange(Figure14).Peru79%8%Sweden78%7%ButoneofthebiggestquestionsarisingfromourFrance78%8%StocktakecomesfromthequestionofwhethersomeSouthKorea78%11%countriesarebeingaskedtosacrificetoomuchwhenHungary77%8%itcomestotacklingclimatechange.OurreviewjustChile76%9%coversthepublicopiniondatabut,asFigure15shows,Netherlands76%7%itisdifficulttoidentifysimplepatternssuchasmoreTurkey76%7%developedeconomieshavingoneperspectiveandMexico76%9%emergingmarketshavinganother.TakeSweden,forThailand76%8%Indonesia75%8%32–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextMalaysia75%9%Germany74%6%Italy74%8%Canada73%8%Brazil73%6%India72%8%Poland72%7%Australia72%11%Spain71%9%Switzerland71%8%Japan70%9%68%12%UnitedStates66%9%66%10%Source:IpsosEarthDay2023Base:21,231onlineadultsaged16-74interviewed20Jan–3March2023.ForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaexample.It’sacountrythatisseenasaleaderwhenitFig.15–Whoisbearingtheburden?comestorenewableenergy,butwhichhasalsobeencriticisedfornewpoliciesthatareprojectedtoraiseQ.Mycountryisbeingaskedtosacrificetoomuchinordertotackleclimatechangeemissionsintherun-upto2030.AstheypreparefortheDubaiCOPsummit,ourleadersGlobalCountryAverageAgreeDisagreemaywishtotakesolaceandeveninspirationfromoneIndonesia35-yearjourneytheworldhasbeenthrough.TheimpactIndia34%28%ofadepletingozonelayerhasbeenalmosttotallySweden73%1%reversedsincetheMontrealProtocolwassignedin1987.67%Withconcertedaction,overaperiodoftime,itshowsNetherlands45%14%thatwe–government,businessesandindividuals–canTurkey44%23%turnthingsaround.42%30%Malaysia40%19%33–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextBrazil37%16%36%25%Thailand35%26%Japan33%19%France33%34%31%30%Colombia31%32%Germany31%36%30%39%Poland30%35%Australia30%33%GreatBritain30%30%Belgium28%33%28%23%Italy27%33%SouthAfrica27%32%27%23%Peru26%31%Canada26%24%26%38%Spain22%31%Mexico20%35%Switzerland20%36%Singapore25%UnitedStatesChileSouthKoreaHungaryArgentinaSource:IpsosEarthDay2023Base:21,231onlineadultsaged16-74interviewed20Jan–3March2023.ForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaAPPLYINGCULTURALTRANSFERABILITYANALYSISTOESG34–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaAPPLYINGCULTURALUnderstandingtheculturesoftheworldisnoteasy,TRANSFERABILITYforthreereasons:ANALYSISTOESG?1.Culturesareunconscious:Itis“whatremainswhenCulturesareunconscious:youhaveforgotteneverything”.ThismakesitachallengeItis“whatremainswhenyouhaveforresearchers.forgotteneverything”.Thismakesitachallengeforresearchers.2.Culturesareinconstantevolution:Apreviouslyminorelementcanbecomecentralovertime.35–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContext3.Culturesarelocalandcanbeverydifferentfromonecountrytoanother–andevenbetweenethnicgroupswithinthesamecountry.Forthisreport,wewantedtogainabetterunderstandingofhowculturaldifferencescontributetodifferentawarenessandprioritiesofESGtopics.Sowecarriedoutacurationexerciseacrossawealthofknowledgeandinformationavailable–includingIpsosglobalsurveyreports,IpsosFlaircountrydeepdivereports,aswellassecondaryresearchexaminingparticularitiesaboutourForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinacasestudycountries.Wealsoworkedwithlocalmarketdrivetheirearlyprogress–whetheritbeconqueringchampions,whoarebothculturalexpertsandESGfrontiers,tamingwildernessorevenanoutdoorculturechampions,andwhoprovideduswithbottom-upinsights.andlifestyle.Manyalsohavehistoryofconquestoverindigenouspopulations–thesedaysseekingtoThreeculturaldimensionsremedythiswithaffirmativeaction.Andinsomeofthecountriesbestowedwithnaturalbounty(e.g.AustraliaStudyingthepatterns,historyofpractices,typesoforCanada),thecommercialpressuresofextractivismESGinitiatives,popularsentimentsandpoliticalpolicy,contributetothissenseofmastery.TheapproachtoweidentifiedthreeculturaldimensionsthatareshapingESGthereforeisaninterventionistone,almostasiftoattitudes,perceptionsandbehaviouraroundESGinthesay,“wecreatedtheproblemandnowwewillfixit.”localmarkets.Ouranalysispointstoahugevariancein(e.g.US,Australia)howtheprioritieslandwithinESGandwhatislikelytodriveinvestmentintoESGrelatedinitiatives.•Co-existence:Manyoftheaffiliative,eventribalculturesviewnaturewithsomereverence.Nature1.Relationshipwithnatureisseenassomeformofbestowalofgoodnessandrichness,tobetreatedwithrespectandcare.ThissurroundshoweachcultureseesthejuxtapositionofThereisabeliefofinterconnectednesswithnature,humanswithnature.characterisedbyritualsofworshipandcelebration.Manyoftheseculturesalsohavesustainable•Conquest:Manyofthewestern,developedculturesindigenoushabitssurroundingtheuseofnatural/haveacommonhistoryofhavingconquerednaturetobio-degradablematerials,conservationandreducing36–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinawaste,andcollectiveresponsibilityforwelfareand2.ResponsibilityMostoftheseculturescommunitysupportfortheirpeople.WealsoseemanyrecognisethegrowingoftheseculturesresorttoextractivismforcommercialPerceptionsaboutwhohasthebestagencytodrivefinitenessofresources,purposes,justifyingitasanotherpermissiblebountyimpactandmakeadifference.adoptingbehavioursofofnature.Itiswhentheyseesymptomsofthisbountyconservationandevenbeingcompromisedthatthereisactiveconcernabout•Individual/personal:Individualisticculturestakeonasacrifice.Thisalsoresultsthefinitenessofnaturalresources.Thiswasthecasepersonalonustomakeadifferenceinanysmallway,inastrongsenseofguilt–inBrazil,whenunprecedentedwildfiresbroughtsobelievingitisasmuchamatterofchoiceasitisatensionariseswhentheremuchsmoketoSãoPaulothatthesunwascompletelyduty.Someofthisalsocomesfromasenseofguiltisaclashwithaspirations,blockedoutandthecitywasplungedintoalmostnight-forpastexcesseswithnature,aneedtoundothepersonalgrowth/success,likedarkness.Morethanalldiscourse,thisspurredwrongforthefuturegenerations.Theimportanceforlifestyle.investmentintoESGprioritiesforBrazilians.Thereispersonalconvictionisalsohigh,withaneedtobeseenacompensatoryapproachtoESG–ofappeasementto‘live’thebeliefsandaction.Mostoftheseculturesandworship–toseekcontinuedbenevolenceandrecognisethegrowingfinitenessofresources,adoptingabundanceofnature.(e.g.India,Brazil,Indonesia)behavioursofconservationandevensacrifice.Thisalsoresultsinastrongsenseofguilt–tensionariseswhenthereisclashwithaspirations,personalgrowth/success,lifestyle(e.g.havingkids,holidaytravel,owningcars)especiallyamongGenZ(US,Europe),decliningbirthrates(mostdevelopedcountries),consumerchoiceappstopickonlysustainablebrands(e.g.Australia).37–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChina•Institution:Collectivecultureshowever,viewanyactiongovernmentandbusinesstoleadtheway.Thereisaastheprimeresponsibilityofinstitutions.Thereisstrongstrongimplicationforpartnershipswithbusinessandassociationoftheenvironmentaldiscoursewithwestern/policyactionfromgovernment(e.g.CleanIndiaMissiondevelopedcountries–andafeelingthatsomeoftheortheSustainableDevelopmenttrackerinBrazil).obsessionwithenvironment/climateisalarmistandimpractical.WiththehighclutterofESGmessaging,3.Rewardstheseculturesarewellawareoftheneedtobemoremindfuloftheenvironment.ButtheyalsoseethebenefitThissurroundsthekindofbenefitsthatsuccessfullyofprogressfrommodernisationandextractivismandmotivateactiononESG.valuethelivelihoodandprosperityitbringstomorepeople.Andinthiscontext,ithelpstodelegatethe•Benefitingtheworld(long-termbenefits):Amongtheresponsibilityofthemoreurgentimperativestothemoredeveloped,westernandindividualisticcountries,institutions.Theseculturesbelievethattomaketruetheneedtoactisdrivenbybenefitsthattheymayorimpact,thereisaneedforcollectiveaction,individualsmaynotseeintheirlifetime–butthatwillimprovethebeingseentohavelimitedagency.Anexampleofworldandleaveitinabetterstateforfuturegenerations.howthisworksisintheadoptionoftheEuropeanThisassuagesasenseofdutyandresponsibilitywithstandardsofpollutioncontrolandlimitingemissionsforastrongskewtotheenvironmental–mainlyaroundtheautomotivesector.Compliancehereisseenasnotissueslikeglobalwarming,climatechangeandonlybeingkindertotheenvironmentbutalsoasawayresourceconservation.Allofthisneedsconvictionandofmakingtheirmanufactureacceptablefordevelopedcommitmenttolong-termbenefits,whicharerarelyexportmarkets–aimingfornotjustecoprudencebutexperiencedimmediatelyandpersonally.(e.g.US,manyalsocommercialbenefit.TheythereforelooktotheEuropeancountries,Australia)38–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChina•Benefitingmyworld(short-termbenefits):AmongFig.16–Howcountriescomparethedevelopingcountries,thereisaneedto‘catch-up’economicallywiththedevelopedcountries,ConquestCo-existwithwhattheybelieveastheirownfullpotential.SoInstitutiongivingupimmediatebenefitsforanunseenfutureRelationshipwithNatureMyworldpurposefeelsimpracticalandalsounfair.TheyseedevelopedcountrieshavingextractedallsuchbenefitsIndividualbeforedecidingto‘reform’themselves,puttingthedevelopingmarketsatanunfairdisadvantage.BiggerResponsibility/Agencyproblemsaroundpoverty,accesstohealthcare,andlivelihoodfeelmoreurgent,andnottobesacrificedforTheworldRewardsenvironmentalaction.ThereisalsoalotofemphasisonthesocialcollateralofsomeoftheenvironmentalSource:Ipsosaction–wherehumanissuesareseenasequalorevenmoreimportantthanenvironmentalissues.MotivationtoadoptESGpracticesintheseculturesisspurredonlywhentheyseebenefitinamoreimmediateandpersonalexperience–improvingmyworldratherthantheworld.WhenESGbenefitsalsomeanbenefitsthatimpactaperson’slife,theirhealth/wellbeing,theirfamilyorthepeoplearoundthem,theyaremoremotivatingandeffective.Forinstance,inIndiaseveral39–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinastudiesconductedtointroducewater-savingproductsFig.17–ESGlanguagediffersacrosscountriesonhomecarealwaysgetrejectedforconcernsonfunctionalefficacy.(e.g.mostemergingeconomies,ActivismModerationReuseAyurvedaClimatechangeChina–wheretheimpactisonpersonalhealth).JugaadConsumerismSustainabletourismThefollowingculturalanalysisisasynthesisofallthisCo-livingNon-violenceresearch.MappingourcasestudycountriesontotheseWildernessSuccessBiodiversitythreedimensionsillustratestheneedtotakeaunique,Re-purposeHumantailoredapproachtoadvancingESGtopicswithineachFrontiersExtractivismCo-livingcountry(Figure16previouspage).IndiaAgroforestryUSWealsoseeculturaldifferencesemergethroughtheBrazilchoiceoflanguagepeopleusetospeakaboutESGineachcountry(Figure17).UbuntuStockvelInequalityConfucianNaturalbountyBalanceYin&YangBlackTaxentrepreneurismTaoismWildlifeApartheidTCMNaturefestivalSouthAfricaChina40–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaUS41–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaUSIfweexaminethecultureofESGintheUS,wecanseeacultureofactivism,originatingfromacultureofconquestActivismovernature:conqueringfrontiers,tamingthewilderness…TheindividualtakesonaveryclearroleintermsofowningConsumerismresponsibility,andwhenitcomestorewards,thereisawillingness–evenasacrificetosomeextent–toforgoWildernessSuccessimmediatereturnsforabetterfuture.FrontiersMuchoftheemphasisaroundESGislinkedtoconsumerismandtheneedtoflauntsuccess,verymuchConquestRelationshipwithnatureCo-existpartoftheUSsocialculture,whichalsomeansthatthereisIndividualResponsibility/agencyInstitutionalotmorefocusonbrandchoicesandconsumerbehaviour.TheworldMyworldRewardsPolarisationSurveyresultsfromtheUSindicatingAmericans’levelofsustainabilityconcernandattitudestowardsESGthemesmaynotprovideaclearpicture,duetoahighdegreeoffragmentationandapolarisationofviews.Butstarttobreakdownthedataandavastnumberofdifferingviewsemerge–indicativeofahighlydiverseculture.42–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaThegrowingdominanceofdiversityandinclusionandindifferentstatesdonotexperiencethesamekindofothersocialsustainabilitythemesinUSsocietyhaveallpoliciesandregulationswhichresultsininconsistentaddedanemphasisonindividualactivism.Peoplearenowaccessto,andsupportfor,ESGmeasures–nottoincreasinglyawareofissuesofinclusivityandarenotshymentionanti-ESGlegislationevencroppingupinsometospeakoutwhentheyseeanykindofdiscrimination.(Republican-controlled)states.11ButdeeppoliticalpolarisationintheUShasresultedinIndividualresponsibilitythethreepillarsofE,SandGtakingonpartisantones.DiversityandinclusivityinitiativesespeciallyhavefacedWhenitcomestoESGresponsibility,theUS’shighlyabacklashfromsomecorners.ForsomeinUSsociety,individualisticculturecreatesastrongsenseofindividualviewsaroundsocialequality,forexample,areseentoownership.It’suptoindividualsratherthaninstitutionschallengetheveryethosofAmericanvaluesandthetotakeaction.Butagain,polarisedviewsresultinavastcountry’snationalcharacter.Asformanyotherissuesinarrayofaction.Amongonesectionofsociety,ESGissuestheUS,ESGhasbecomearedvsblue,oraRepublicaninvokefeelingsofpassion,earnestnessandcommitment.vsDemocratissue.Butthereisalsoasignificantchunkofthepopulationforwhomsustainabilitythreatsareeithernotaconcern,notAstheUShasafederalpoliticalstructure,drivenbyanimmediateproblem,oralargelyoverblownissue12–differentpoliticalleadershipwithindifferentstates,andwhoreactwithoutragetocertainESGmeasures,polarisedviewsonESGmeansthecountryismadeupwhichareperceivedtothreatentheirveryAmericanwayofapatchworkofpoliciesandregulations.Americansoflife.43–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaHowever,whetherit’sforestfiresontheWestCoast,aslimmajoritysayinsteadthattheywantcompaniesMydaughterwaslikeunseasonalsnoworflooding,thegrowingincidencetostayoutofsocial(52%agree)andpoliticalissues‘noooo’whenItoldherweofnaturalcalamitiesmakesitincreasinglydifficultto(58%agree).14wereplanningaholidayindenytheimpactofclimatechange.WhenwespoketoHawaii.Shewaslike‘…doourlocalexpertsintheUS,almosteveryoneknewofAllthesame,thereremainsapositive‘shaming’culture,youknowhowtheytreattheirsomeone,someone’sfamily,orsomeone’shomehavingwithindividualscallingoutpeoplewhotheyseeopenlyindigenouspeople?’beenaffectedbysomeofthesedisasters.Two-thirdsoftransgressingESGexpectations,andinaway,educatingAmericansnowsaythatunusualweatherfortheseasonthem.ThisisespeciallytrueofyoungerAmericans,whoLocalmarketexperthasbecomemorefrequent(67%)andmoreintense(60%)havehigherlevelsofawareness,educationandknowledgeintheirareacomparedto10yearsago.13aboutsustainabilityandlessfragmentationintheirviews.Theyoftenleadthereformofoldergenerationse.g.theirIndividualactionalsodrivesmuchoftheadoptionofparents’generation.Forexample,oneofourexpertssustainablepractices.Thishappensthroughwordspokeabouthow,whenshetoldherdaughterthatthey’reofmouth,advocacy,thebuildingofknowledgeandplanningtohaveaholidayinHawaii,herdaughterwasawareness,andoftenthroughconsumerchoices.Moreoutragedandsaidtheyshouldn’tbegoingtoHawaii–it’sandmorepeoplearewillingtorejectbrandsthatdonotastatewheretheytreattheirindigenouspopulationpoorly.provetheirsustainabilitycredentials.LikemanyESGSuddenly,somethingthatwasn’teveninthesetofESGtopicsintheUShowever,viewshereareagainpolarised:considerationsbecameatopicasaresultoftheGenZdaughtereducatingherBoomerparent.44–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaSuccessfulbrandcampaignsThereisalotofESGactivitywithintheUSmarket,withsuccessfulbrandcampaignsfocusingonthemesofreuse,thriftandresponsibleconsumption.Oneofourexpertsspokeabouthow,evenforsomethingaspersonalandimportantasweddings,wenowseeagrowingtrendofbuyingpre-lovedweddinggownsandalsopeopledonatingtheirowngownsaftertheirwedding.Zeroplastichasalmostbecomeanormnow,andmoreandmoreweseebrandstalkingaboutthingslikeethicalsourcing,renewableenergysourcesandsoon.45–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaINDIA46–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaINDIAModerationReuseAyurvedaSustainabilityandESGinIndiaislinkedtovaluesaroundJugaadmoderation.IndiahasaculturethathasalwaysfrowneduponexcessiveindulgenceandthereisastrongbeliefCo-livingNon-violenceinself-regulation,moderationandbalance.Asaresultofitscollectivistculture,ESGinIndiaisaboutcreatingRe-purposeHumanaccessforall.Weseeanemphasisonthemeslikeco-living,repurposingandreusingitems,beingkindtoConquestRelationshipwithnatureCo-existthingsaroundyou–notjustpeoplebutalsoplantsandIndividualResponsibility/agencyInstitutionanimals–non-violence,traditionalmedicinelikeayuverda,TheworldMyworldand‘jugaad’:Indianingenuity,improvisingandinventingRewardswithlimitedresources.AllofthisindicatesastrongfocusaroundthehumanaspectsofESG.India’sculturalprofileisthereforealmostthepolaroppositeofthatoftheUS.Whenitcomestothecountry’srelationshipwithnature,thecultureisoneofco-existence,appeasement,beingatpeaceinandinharmonywithyournature,balancingthegoodvsthebad.47–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaAsIndiaisacollectivistcountry,whenitcomestotosocialinequalityandpoverty4implyingthatthepublicIndiansshowahighlevelownershipandresponsibility,weseeculturalexpectationsendorsetheeconomicprogressmadebythegovernment,ofconfidenceinthebeliefplacedonthecommunity,theauthorityoroninstitutionsalongsideitssocialdevelopmentefforts.thattheirgovernmenthasatotaketheleadonESGinitiatives.IndianslooktotheplantoaddressESGissuesgovernment–andincreasinglyalsotothebusinesssectorThegovernmenthasputinplacestrongpoliciestoandisgoingaboutitinthetotakeaction.introduceESGcomplianceinmanysectorse.g.fiscalrightway.Insomesense,reporting,financialreportingandalsocorporatereporting.thisfaithininstitutionsIndiaisinaperiodofgreateconomicdevelopment,ThisechoestheIndiansentimentthatthereisaclearneedallowsIndiansnottobegrowthandprogress,andsothereisanunwillingnesstoforthebusinesssectortobedoingmoreonESG.overlyconcernedaboutcompromiseorsacrificethatimmediategainforsomeESGissues.unseenfuturebenefit.Onthe“theworld–myworld”scale,SuccessfulinitiativesincludetheCleanIndiaMission,India’sprioritiesfalldistinctlytowardsshort-termandinvestmentinrenewablesourcesofenergy–whichimmediaterewards,affectingpeople’sindividualworlds.ledtoanLEDbulbtransitioninthecountryasaresultofacampaignaroundenergysavings–agrowingGovernment-ledprogressinvestmentinelectricvehicles,providingandinvestingininfrastructuresothateverybodyhasaccesstowater,Indiansshowahighlevelofconfidenceinthebeliefhousing,andhealthinsuranceforthepoorest.Today,thattheirgovernmenthasaplantoaddressESGissuessame-sexrelationshipshavebeendecriminalisedandtheandisgoingaboutitintherightway.Insomesense,courtisnowalsoevaluatinglegalisingthem.thisfaithininstitutionsallowsIndiansnottobeoverlyconcernedaboutESGissues.Across29countries,IndiaWhiletheseinitiativesstraddlebothenvironmentalandhasoneofthelowestlevelsofconcernwhenitcomessocialaspectsofESG,theydemonstratethestrengthof48–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinathefocusontheSofESG.ThereisanacceptanceandTheseinherentpractisesarenowgatheringsteaminIndia.understandingthatthereisahumanaspecttoalotoftheBrandshavealsorampeduptheamounttheyadvertisethemesaroundESG.aroundESG,mostlywiththemesofreuse,repurpose,andnotfloutinganyenvironmentalrules.Neeman’s,forAwarenessaroundESGhasalsogrown,particularlyoninstance,havelaunchedawashandwearshoeaswellastheenvironmentalside.Inmanycities,peopleareactuallytheReLiveKnits,shoesmadefromrecycledPETbottles,abletoseethealarmingincreaseinpollutionlevels,designedtolastlongerandbemoreenvironmentallythroughthePollutantStandardsIndex(PSI),hazeandfriendly.Brandsareincreasinglylaunchingcampaignshealthissues.ThishasallnowbecomeapartofpoliticalwhichrouseconsumerstothepotentialthreatsofrhetoricandurbanIndiansnowexpectthegovernmenttoclimatechange.Evenincategorieslikebeauty,therearebeabletoprovideclean,safeair.increasingclaimsofethicalsourcing,nonasties,etc.ESGhabitsHowever,brandsriskpotentialbacklashwheretheseESGmeasuresstartchallengingculturalbeliefsorrituals.ForOverthepast300years,Indiahasnotbeenalandofexample,manyculturalfestivalsusealotofwaterandabundance.Instead,ithasbeencharacterisedbyscarcityincludingwater-savingmessagingaroundthesefestivalsandcontrolledaccess;evenintermsofculturalvalues,mayhavenegativerepercussions.Similarrisksholdforfrugalityisavirtue.ThisextendstoIndians’ESGhabits,takingtraditionalmaritalritualsandapplyingthesetowherethefocusisonbeingresourceful,inventive,notsame-sexcouples.VerytraditionalaspectsofIndianlookingatthemostexpensivesolutionsforeverything,cultureareaboundarytowatchoutforwhenintroducingandextendingthelifeofresourcesbyrepurposingandESGinitiatives.reusingthem.49–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaBRAZIL50–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaBRAZILClimatechangeLet’straversetheglobetoBrazil,hometotheworld’slargestrainforest.Brazilhasahistoryofbiodiversity,Sustainabletourismagroforestryandco-livingwithdifferentcultures,soESGpracticesarenotentirelynew.BiodiversityWhilestrongtrendshavebeguntoemergearoundExtractivismCo-livingsustainabletourism,thisiscoupledwithahistoryofAgroforestryextractivism–thehyper-extractionofbenefitsfromnatureforcommercialgain.ExportingthesebenefitshasresultedConquestCo-existinahugeexportindustryforBrazil.Allthesame,thereisalargesenseofgratitudeforwhatnaturehasprovidedtoRelationshipwithnaturethecountry,andforalongtimeithasfeltlikeanendlessparadisethatcouldnotgetdepleted.However,recentIndividualInstitutionextremeweathereventshavestartedbuildinggreaterandgreaterurgencyaroundtheissueofclimatechangeandResponsibility/agencylossofbiodiversity.TheworldMyworldWeseethisconflictwhenweplotBrazilonthethreeculturalESGdimensions.Thecountry’srelationshipwithRewards51–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinanatureisclosertooneofco-existencebutitshistorythatpreservingtheenvironmentisalsopreservinglifeisThereisagrowingofextractivismbringsinanelementofconquestandgainingtraction.acknowledgementthatcontrol.IntermsofwhoBrazilseesasresponsibleforsomethingmoreneedstakingtheleadonESG,peoplelooktowardsinstitutionsAcrossdifferentIpsossurveys,socialinequalityandtobedonesothattheandthegovernmentforguidance.WhenitcomestopovertyisconsistentlyoneofBrazil’stopconcerns,country’sabundanceisrewards,becauseBrazilisonthecuspofprogressandwithclimatechangerankingnearertothebottom.Thispreservedandtheworldisdevelopment,thereisaskewtowardsshort-termgainsreflectsBrazil’scollectivistcultureandtheimportanceofrestoredandrepairedforthatbenefitmyworld.However,thereisagrowingtheSpillarofESG.Morerecently,Brazilhasalsoseenfuturegenerations.acknowledgementthatsomethingmoreneedstobedoneagrowingfocusonG.Brazil’slastgovernmentwassosothatthecountry’sabundanceispreservedandtheflagrantinitsdisregardforevenbasicESGcomplianceworldisrestoredandrepairedforfuturegenerations.andinitsapathytoheightenedpublicperceptionsofcorruptionthatsuddenlyeventheaveragepersonbecameConcernabouttheenvironmentbegantoincreaseawarethatESGisnolongeranareawhereneglectisaftertherewasageneralimprovementinthelivingacceptable.ThereisaminimumlevelofcompliancethatconditionsoftheaverageBrazilians(themiddle-everybodyneedstomeetforESGmeasurestodaytoclassboom).Butsustainabilityisstillanagendamoreavoidalarmingfallouts.adherenttothemiddle/upperclass,withtheworkingclassmorefocusedonmoreurgentday-to-dayissuesOneofourexpertsfromSãoPaulospokeaboutanlikeincome,employment,basicsanitationetc.Yearsofoccasioninthemiddleofthedayinthepeakoftheunderdevelopmenthavemadethepopulationcarelesssummerof2019,wheretheskysuddenlydarkenedandfortheenvironmentandmoreforaspectsrelatingtobasicsunlightwaseclipsedacrossthecity.Thiswaslaterneeds.Nowanewconsensusisemergingandtheidearevealedtobethesideeffectofheavysmokefroman52–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaunprecedentednumberofwildfiresburningacrosstheSandG,andasynergyinthewaythatESGinitiativesareAmazonrainforestthousandsofmilesaway.Theeventworkingtogether.HistoricallyBrazilhasbeenacountryhadasymbolicimpactonBraziliansandveryquicklyofsustainablefarming,communitysupportforpeople,broughthomethepressingrealityofextremeclimatelandmanagement–allofthatisnowcomingbackintochange,creatinganurgencytoact.prominence.SincehiselectioninOctober2022,PresidentLulahascommittedtoanet-zerodeforestationagenda,TheLulagovernmenttookofficelastyearwithoptimismannulledadecreethatencouragedminingonprotectedandacommitmenttostrongmeasurestosupportareas,andcreatedaMinistryforIndigenousPeoples.sustainability.Theyhaveprioritisedenvironmentprotectionovereconomicgrowth,engenderingmoreenergyandWhenitcomestosuccessfulESGbrandcampaignspositivityaroundESGmeasurestoday.inthecountry,alargeproportionskewtowardstheenvironment:carbonneutrality,recycling,declaringethicalBrazil’shistoryofextractivismhasrequirednewandandsustainablesourcing,preservingbiodiversity–evenininnovativewaystomanageconflictingdemands.Onthesectorslikemining,whicharenowinvestinginsustainableonehand,itfeelsfoolishtoletgoofthehugeeconomicminingpractices.Butthereisalsoasignificantfocusongrowthlinkedtoexports,whichinturnisseentoenablesocialcampaignsencouragingsocialinclusionandanti-socialsustainability.Atthesametime,theenvironmentdiscriminatione.g.supportingsinglemothers,womenandmustbeconservedandprotected.Asaresult,weseeLGBTrights.growingtrendsofinvestmentinbiofuelsandrenewablesourcesofenergy.ThisseemstoshowthatBrazilisputtingabalancedfocusoneachofthethreepillarsofE53–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaSOUTHAFRICA54–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaSOUTHAFRICAUbuntuStockvelInequalitySouthAfricaisacountrywithlargenaturalbounty,ahistoryofwildlife,andalsooneofgreatinequality–thehistoryofNaturalbountyapartheidpervadesintoeverythingthatSouthAfricansdo.BlackTaxToday,therearemixedtrendsaroundsustainability.WildlifeApartheidTheCaucasian,non-Africanrelationshipwithnaturewashistoricallycharacterisedbywildlife,huntingandconquestConquestRelationshipwithnatureCo-existbutthelocalAfricancultureisoneofco-existence.SouthIndividualResponsibility/agencyInstitutionAfricahasastronghistoryofindigenoushabitsaroundTheworldMyworldsustainablefarming,butthisincreasinglyconflictswithRewardsstrandsofextractivism.TheNguniBantuconceptof‘Ubuntu’whichencapsulatescollectivism,communityandtakingcareofeachothershapesmuchofSouthAfricans’attitudestowardsESGandstrengthenstheimportanceplacedontheSpillar.Perhapsoneunintendedconsequenceofthisphilosophyis‘blacktax’,aSouthAfricantermdescribingthemoneythatBlackworkers,whohavetakentheirplaceinthecorporate55–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaworld,givetoparents,siblingsorotherfamilymembersSouthAfricansarecurrentlyexperiencingcripplingwaterSouthAfricansareoutofasenseofobligationorfamilialresponsibility.shortages,aswellasfrequentpoweroutages–butthiscurrentlyexperiencinglivedexperiencecontraststhecountry’sabundanceofcripplingwatershortages,PlottingSouthAfricaonthethreeESGculturalresourcesandnaturalbounty.Asaresult,mostSouthaswellasfrequentpowerdimensions,thecountry’srelationshipwithnatureiscloserAfricansbelievetheyarebeingcheatedontheirnaturaloutages–butthislivedtoconquestthanco-existence,apatternwecantracetorightandthatitiscorruption,poorgovernanceandpoorexperiencecontraststhecolonialism.Thisissomewhatbalancedoutbysustainablepoliciesthatareleadingtotheseshortages.Concerncountry’sabundanceofindigenoushabitssurroundingnatureandfarming.Inaboutresourcesislessabouttheirfinitenessandmoreresourcesandnaturaltermsofresponsibility,thereisaveryclearrelianceontheaboutthelackoftransparencyoraccountabilityintheirbounty.governmentandthebusinesssectorforguidance,withmanagement.Theexpectationofgovernmentisthereforeindividualsunwillingtotakethelead.Andwhenitcomesveryhighandinsomewaysabsolvestheindividualoftorewards,priorityisgiventoshort-termbenefits,witharesponsibility.Unsurprisingly,SouthAfricahasoneofthereluctancetosacrificeimmediategainsforanintangible,lowestlevelsofconfidenceintheirgovernment’splanstounforeseeablefuture.tackleESGissues.Of29countries,SouthAfricaisoneofmostconcernedThereisawarenessamongSouthAfricanstodayofaboutfinancialandpoliticalcorruption4–thisisreflectedtheneedtobemorecriticalandtoholdbusinessestoindiscoursehappeninginthecountry.Thereisalsohighaccount.WenowseeexamplesofyoungerconsumersconcernaroundpovertyandsocialinequalityandaboutboycottingbrandsthatareseentotransgressESGbestunemployment,whichislittlesurprisegiventhatSouthpractices,whetherthisisarounduseofplasticornotAfricahasoneoftheworld’shighratesofunemployment,beingtransparentorethicalabouthowmaterialsareespeciallyamongyoungpeople.15sourced.56–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaUnlikeinmanyothermarkets,whenitcomestohowAnothermajortrendisanincreasedfocusonethicalSouthAfricansfeelaboutESGandnature,wefindsourcing,sourcetraceability,aswellassupportforlocalemotionsofoptimism,calmness,andaneedtoresetthebusinessesandsmallenterprises.TheSandEpillarshavebalanceandco-exist.SouthAfricansthereforerespondbothbecomehighlyimportant,withstrongexpectationswelltobrandsthatcreateaccessforthemtodotheirsurroundingtheG.Thebiggestprioritiesforthecountrybittowardsthisgoal,forinstance,byofferingadepotsurroundendingpoverty,havingaccesstowaterandfordepositingrecyclablewaste.Thismakesiteasyfornutritiousfoodandofcourse,employment.consumerstoparticipateinsustainablepracticesandtheyvaluethebrandtakingontheresponsibility.Unlikeinmanyothermarkets,whenitcomestohowSouthAfricansfeelWeseeincreasingadoptionofESGnormsacrosslargeraboutESGandnature,wefindemotionsindustrytoo.Whilesomeofthiscomesfrominternationalofoptimism,calmness,andaneedtodemandsforcompliance,muchofithasalsoevolvedresetthebalanceandco-exist.naturallyfromSouthAfrica’sownhistoryofsociallyresponsibleinvesting(SRI)duringapartheid.WeseegrowingtrendsoflinkingCEOpaytoESGperformanceandsustainabilitybondsorfinancingi.e.onlysupportinginvestmentsincompaniesthathavegoodorbestpracticesaroundESG.57–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaCHINA58–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaCHINAdoorsConfucianChina’scultureisoneofbalance,regulationandmoderation:yinandyang,Taoism,Confucianism.BalanceYin&YangTraditionalChinesemedicinerevolvesaroundtakingthebestofnatureandsharingthatbenefitwithpeopleentrepreneurismTaoismandthesurroundings.ManyofChina’sculturalfestivalsconcernnature,whetherit’sthemoon,harvest,waterorTCMNaturefestivaltheseasons.Atthesametime,thereisastrongfocusonentrepreneurismandstatecapitalism,whichoftenworksatcrosspurposestoESGmandates.ConquestRelationshipwithnatureCo-existThe1990sandearly2000s–thepeakofChina’sIndividualResponsibility/agencyInstitutioneconomicdevelopment–wasaperiodofunbridledTheworldMyworldentrepreneurialism.ThisledtomanyESGbreaches:Rewardscontamination,pollution,deforestation,unethicalandenvironmentalpracticesaroundsourcingandprocessing.ButChinesepeoplebegantoseetheseverethreattotheenvironment,eventotheirpersonalhealthandsafety.Theenvironmentalaspectofentrepreneurialismhasthereforebecomeanurgentimperative.59–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaIntermsofthethreedriversthatshapethecultureofESGintotheireverydaylives.Thisisnotsurprising,asInlookingtoaddressESGESG,China’srelationshipwithnatureischaracterisedbypragmatismisavaluestronglyembeddedinChineseissues,theChineseprioritiseco-existence,balance,andaneedtoberespectfulandculture.InlookingtoaddressESGissues,theChineseinnovativesolutionsthatcanmindfulofhownatureisusedandengagedwith.Becauseprioritiseinnovativesolutionsthatcanbeeasilyadoptedbeeasilyadopted,whichthegovernmentissuchabigagentandtrustedtodowhichresultsinalotofgreenteche.g.electricvehicles.resultsinalotofgreenitsbest,andbecauseChinaisanextremelycollectivisttech.society,theChineseplaceresponsibilitytotaketheleadAlibaba’sforestcampaignisaprimeexampleofsuccessonaddressingESGissueswithinstitutions–notjustthethroughsmartinnovation.Alibabagamified‘greengovernmentbutalsothebusinessandprivatesectortoo.behaviours’,awardingAlipayuserswith‘greenenergyWhenitcomestorewards,thereismoreofabalancedpoints’whenevertheymadelow-carbonlifestylechoicespicture.Whilethereisaslightleantowardsprioritisinge.g.takingpublictransportationorholdingvideomeetingsactionsthatbringabenefittoindividuals’immediateinsteadofcommutingtotheoffice.Theusercanseetheircommunity,thisisincreasinglycoupledwithanawarenesspointsbuildingupintheformofavirtualtreegrowingonandattentiontowardstheneedtobeESGcompliant,theirapp.Onceusershaveaccruedacertainamountofespeciallywhenitcomestopersonalwellbeingandsimilarpoints,thecompanyplantsarealtree.issues.Sothereisagrowingcommitmenttomovingtowardslonger-termrewardstoo.Thistappedintothebeliefthatweallneedtodosomethingtohelptheenvironment,allowingconsumerstodriveOursegmentationstudy12ofconsumersandtheirattitudesreforestationactionandcommittoplantingtreeswithouttowardsESGfindsthatChinahasoneofthehighesthavingtotakeontheresponsibility.TheinitiativehasproportionsofPragmatists–peoplewhoarepracticalbeenhugelysuccessful,resultinginmorethan122millionandpragmaticinthewaytheyadoptpracticesaroundtreesbeingplantedby2020andgivingpeopleasenseof60–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextForewordAllontheSamePage?EqualityKaleidoscopeClimateofClimateChangeCulturalTransferabilityUSIndiaBrazilSouthAfricaChinaparticipation,contributionandachievement.Thisistypicaltheenvironmentintheirprocesses.ThishasbecomeofhowtheChineselookforasmart,innovativeway,usingincreasinglyimportant,withconsumerswillingtopayatechnology,toaddressanissue–nothingisunsurmountable.premiumforbrandsthathavebetter,saferandhealthiersourcingandenvironmentalpractices–especiallyinHistorically,therearemanypracticesaroundtheEofcategorieslikeinfantformulaorfoodandbeverages.WeESG.Taketraditionalfarming–Chinaisfamousforterracealsoseegrowingtrendsinsocialsustainabilitysurroundingfields,thecanalsystem,followinglunarcalendarcyclesthetreatmentofpeopleintheworkplace,labourlawsandforfarmingandplanting,theconceptoffengshuiandgenderequality.harmonywithdifferentelementslikewater,wind,wood,metal,soonandsoforth.Althoughalargeeconomy,China’sdevelopmenthasbeenunevenlydistributedandinmanyregionsthelivingToalesserextent,Shasalsobeenimportant,especiallystandardsarestillyettobeimproved.Severalyearsago,forcompaniesoperatinginChina.InamarketwithathenorthernprovinceofHebeiputinplaceacompletebancollectivisttendency,consumersexpectbrandstoactontheuseofcoaltoheathomes,inanattempttoimprovewhenamajorpublicdisasterhappense.g.anearthquakeairqualityandmeetenvironmentaltargets.16Butmanyoraflood.Internationalbrandswillneedtotakeaccountvillageshadnotbeenabletoconverttogas,andalternativeoftheseexpectationstoachievebrandsuccess.greenenergywassimplynotreadyforlessdevelopedareas.Manyhomeswereleftwithoutheatinginsub-zeroIncreasingly,weseeagrowingskewtohealthandtemperatures.Theincidenttriggeredhugeangeramongthewellnesscomingthrough,especiallyintheformofgeneralpublicwhourgedthegovernmenttofindabetterholdingbusinessesaccountabletoensurethattheyarebalancebetweenenvironmentalprotectionandbasiclivingdoinghealthysourcingandthattheyarenotdamagingrights.ThisbalanceandcompromiseisanotherkeyfactorthatcharacterisesESGpracticesinChina.61–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextEndnotes1.Ipsos.2023.“TheESGImperative:Ipsosfoundationalperspectives”.https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/publication/documents/2023-05/62–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContextTheESGImperative_IpsosFoundationalPerspectives.pdf2.IpsosSynthesio.2023.“#Sustainability-WhatItMeanstoConsumers”.https://resources.ipsos.com/sustainability-means-consumers-report.html3.IpsosKarian&Box.2023.“ExploringSustainabilityandEmployeeExperience:AstudyoffourmajorFinancialServicesInstitutions”.https://ipsoskarianandbox.com/insight/59/exploring-sustainability-and-employee-experience-a-study-of-four-major-financial-services-institutions4.Ipsos.2023.“WhatWorriestheWorld-June2023”.GlobalAdvisor.https://www.ipsos.com/en/what-worries-world-june-20235.Ipsos.2022.“ClimateChange:SeverityofEffectsandExpectationsofDisplacement”.GlobalAdvisor.https://www.ipsos.com/en/climate-change-effects-displacements-global-survey-20226.Ipsos.2021.“HowMultinationalCorporationsCanLeadtheWayon12.Ipsos.2022.“EnvironmentalSustainability:WhoCares?”.Sustainability”.https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/knowledge/society/How-https://www.ipsos.com/en/environmental-sustainability-who-caresMultinational-Corporations-Can-Lead-the-Way-on-Sustainability13.Ipsos.2023.“ManyAmericansbelievethatclimatechangeismostlycaused7.Ipsos&EDF.2022.“Obs’COP2022”.https://www.ipsos.com/en/obscop-2022byhumanactivity,butfewreportmakingchangestohelplimitit”.https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/many-americans-believe-climate-change-8.Ipsos.2023.“EarthDay2023”.GlobalAdvisor.mostly-caused-human-activity-few-report-making-changes-helphttps://www.ipsos.com/en/earth-day-2023-concern-and-focus-slipping-climate-change14.Ipsos.2023.“IpsosConsumerTracker-Wave77”.https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-06/Wave%2077%20Topline.pdf9.WorldEconomicForum.2023.“GlobalGenderGapReport2023”.https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-gender-gap-report-202315.InternationalMonetaryFund.2023.“WorldEconomicOutlookDatabase:April2023”.https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/LUR@WEO/OEMDC/10.Alesina,Alberto,ArnaudDevleeschauwer,WilliamEasterly,SergioKurlat,ADVEC/WEOWORLDandRomainWacziarg.2003.Fractionalization.JournalofEconomicGrowth8(2):155-194.16.BBC.“ChinadoesU-turnoncoalbantoavertheatingcrisis”.BBC,8December,2017.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-4226676811.Binnie,I.andKerber,R.“DeSantissignssweepinganti-ESGlegislationinFlorida”.Reuters,3May,2023.https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/desantis-signs-sweeping-anti-esg-legislation-florida-2023-05-02/63–IpsosESGAcrossBorders:TheCulturalContext