目次1总则··························································································································12范围··························································································································13术语和定义·················································································································13.1阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池·····································································13.2完全充电·······················································································13.3恒流充电·······················································································13.4均衡充电·······················································································13.5浮充电··························································································13.6核对性放电····················································································14作业准备····················································································································24.1准备工作安排······················································································24.2作业人员要求······················································································24.3仪表、工器具、材料·············································································24.4资料·····························································································34.5危险点分析及安全控制措施·······························································34.6人员作业分工·················································································45工作程序····················································································································45.1作业流程图··························································································45.2作业程序····························································································45.2.1蓄电池放电前的检查工作····························································45.2.2放电仪线缆连接········································································45.2.3放电仪参数设置········································································55.2.4蓄电池放电··············································································65.2.5蓄电池放电结束········································································65.2.6蓄电池充电··············································································65.2.7蓄电池内阻测试········································································65.2.8蓄电池激活··············································································76核对性放电试验注意事项·······························································································76.1蓄电池容量计算··············································································76.2其他·····························································································77相关性文件·················································································································88符号含义····················································································································89附录··························································································································9http://dl.z6e.com1通信蓄电池核对性放电试验作业指导书1总则为规范通信-48V蓄电池组管理，及时准确掌握蓄电池容量及性能，提高设备管理水平，保证蓄电池稳定运行，特编制该作业指导书。2范围……3术语和定义3.1阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池正常使用时保持气密和液密状态，当内部气压超过预定值时，安全阀自动打开释放气体。当内部气压降低时，安全阀自动闭合密封，防止外部空气进入电池内部。阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池在使用寿命期间，正常使用情况下无需补加电解液。3.2完全充电按照生产厂家推荐的充电方法对蓄电池进行充电，蓄电池内部的储电容量达到最大值时，即为完全充电状态。3.3恒流充电在充电电压范围内，充电电流维持在恒定值的充电。3.4均衡充电为补偿蓄电池在使用过程中产生的电压不均衡现象，使其恢复到规定范围内而进行的充电。3.5浮充电在充电装置的直流输出端始终并接着蓄电池组和负载，以恒压充电方式工作。正常运行时充电装置在承担经常性负荷的同时向电池组补充充电，以补偿电池组的自放电，使电池组以满容量状态处于备用。3.6核对性放电为检验正常运行中的蓄电池组容量，将蓄电池组脱离运行，以规定的放电电流进行恒流放电，只要其中一节电池放到了规定的终止电压，应停止放电。蓄电池组的实际容量按6.1.2条计算。http://dl.z6e.com24作业准备4.1准备工作安排序号内容标准责任人备注1组织作业人员学习作业指导书，使全体作业人员熟悉作业内容、作业标准、安全注意事项不缺项、漏项2了解被测试设备出厂和历史试验数据，分析设备状况明确设备状况3根据现场工作时间和工作内容填写工作票工作票填写正确4准备测试用仪器仪表，所用仪器仪表良好，有校验要求的仪表应在校验周期内仪器良好5工作前，先向上级有关部门报告工作任务情况6清点需要的工器具工器具齐全7清点需要的图纸、测试记录表格、技术资料等资料齐全4.2作业人员要求序号内容责任人备注1现场作业人员应身体健康、精神状态良好2具备必要的电气知识和通信专业技能，能正确操作该设备，了解该设备有关技术标准要求，能正确分析测试结果3熟悉现场安全作业要求，并经《安规》考试合格4要求两人以上4.3仪表、工器具、材料序号名称型号/规格单位数量备注1十字螺丝刀把22一字螺丝刀把23扳手把24剪刀把15裁纸刀把16斜口钳把17尖嘴钳把1http://dl.z6e.com38温湿度计个19凡士林瓶110扎带把若干11标签纸张若干12绝缘胶布卷113绝缘手套双214防酸服套215防酸鞋双216智能蓄电池放电仪及相关配套附件套117万用表块118内阻测试仪台14.4资料序号名称单位数量备注1国家、行业、公司相关标准套12作业指导书份13厂家技术资料套14历史测试数据套15测试记录表格套24.5危险点分析及安全控制措施序号内容安全控制措施1蓄电池在充放电过程中有可能发生燃烧、爆炸。强排风机打开，使蓄电池室通风顺畅；准备好灭火器，并保证其在使用期内，且能正常使用。2蓄电池充放电接线时，有可能发生电源短路造成人身伤害和设备受损事故。操作人员应戴绝缘手套，使用绝缘工具进行接线，并在相应配电开关上悬挂“在此工作，请勿操作”的标示牌。3只配备了一组蓄电池的电源系统，单组蓄电池离线充放电时，有可能造成通信设备掉电，引起业务中断。单组蓄电池校核性放电时，放电容量限定在额定容量的50%范围内，当交流停电时，应立即将放电试验的蓄电池组投运。http://dl.z6e.com44.6人员作业分工序号作业内容工作负责人作业人员1准备工作2测试操作3测试监护4填写测试作业记录5编制测试报告5工作程序5.1作业流程图参见“附录D蓄电池核对性放电作业流程图”5.2作业程序5.2.1蓄电池放电前的检查工作5.2.1.1检查并确认蓄电池组处于浮充运行状态。5.2.1.2查看开关电源监控模块有关蓄电池运行数据，并做好相关记录。蓄电池组总电压应在52V~54V之间。5.2.1.3检查蓄电池连接处有无松动、腐蚀现象。松动处用扳手拧紧，腐蚀处除出腐蚀物后抹上凡士林。5.2.1.4检查蓄电池壳体有无渗漏和变形。对有渗漏和变形电池应及时记录并向通信高级专责或系统部主任汇报等待处理意见。5.2.1.5检查蓄电池极柱、安全阀周围是否有酸雾酸液逸出。对有酸雾酸液逸出的电池应及时记录并向通信高级专责或系统部主任汇报等待处理意见。5.2.1.6测量并记录蓄电池房的温度和湿度。5.2.1.7将蓄电池房门打开。5.2.1.8对只有一套开关电源的系统，必须检查确认开关电源及另一组蓄电池（对双蓄电池组配置系统）运行正常。5.2.1.9对配置两套及以上开关电源的系统，必须检查确认每套开关电源及其他蓄电池组运行正常。5.2.2放电仪线缆连接5.2.2.1将蓄电池单体电压采集线末端分别接入电压采集模块1、电压采集模块2（通过9针串口连接）http://dl.z6e.com55.2.2.2对蓄电池单体电压采集线另一端线序进行整理，核对好线序，要求标记清晰准确。5.2.2.3蓄电池单体电压采集线第一组前端标记“0”接蓄电池总负极，“1”端接第一节电池正极，“2”端接第二节电池正极，依次类推，完成前12节电池连接，注意线序不要接错。5.2.2.4蓄电池单体电压采集线第二组前端标记“0”接蓄电池第13节电池负极，“1”端接第13节电池正极，“2”端接第13节电池正极，依次类推，按照电池组本来串联接线顺序一一连接。5.2.2.5将红色电缆连接于蓄电池总正极和放电仪正极输入端，将黑色电缆连接于蓄电池总负极和放电仪负极输入端，要求先接放电仪输入端然后再接蓄电池接线端。5.2.2.6电缆两端连接牢靠，电池组接线端接触面尽量最大，注意正负极不能短路、负极不能接地。5.2.3放电仪参数设置5.2.3.1检查放电仪电缆、采集模块以及采集线连接是否正确和牢固。5.2.3.2将放电仪放好，放电仪散热风扇不要对着蓄电池或其它运行设备。5.2.3.3在高频开关电源上将所连蓄电池组负极保险断开，拔出之前核对好该保险并使用拔保险把手。5.2.3.4确认无误后，连接放电仪交流输入，将电源输入钮I指向交流端。5.2.3.5校对放电仪系统日期、时间。5.2.3.6蓄电池组核对性放电试验以10h率电流作恒流放电，放电仪参数设置如下：放电容量：1.00C10；放电电流：1.00I10；终止放电条件：N1.8V（2V单体）。其余参数按照电池组实际情况设置。5.2.3.7电池放电率与放电容量对照表放电率（小时）有效放电容量（%）放电电流（A）终止电压（V）155.05.14I101.75261.03.055I101.80375.02.5I101.80479.02.0I101.80583.31.66I101.80687.61.46I101.80791.71.31I101.80894.41.18I101.80997.41.08I101.80http://dl.z6e.com6101001.00I101.80201100.55I101.805.2.4蓄电池放电5.2.4.1放电仪相关参数设置完成后再进一步确认，无误后即开始蓄电池放电操作。5.2.4.2以10h率电流作恒流放电，放电时应测量放电电流，其电流波动I≤0.01I10。5.2.4.3放电过程中要求测量蓄电池电压和环境温度，并做好相关记录。5.2.4.4放电10h率试验时，蓄电池电压手动测量间隔时间为1次/小时。但在末期，为确定放电终止电压的可靠性，应加大测量次数。5.2.4.5电压精度要求精确到小数点后3位，目的是为了以后与放电仪放电数据进行比对，为今后分析放电数据及电池容量判断提供参考。5.2.4.6放电过程中，应注意查看放电电缆及两端接头是否有过热现象、蓄电池外观是否出现异常现象，一旦出现异常应立即停止放电。5.2.5蓄电池放电结束5.2.5.1当蓄电池组满足放电终止条件时，放电仪将自动停止蓄电池组放电。5.2.5.2将放电仪专用U盘插入放电仪usb接口，将试验数据拷入U盘，做好标记。5.2.5.3关闭放电仪电源开关，拔除交流电源输入插头。5.2.5.4先拆除电池组端总负极放电电缆再拆除电池组端正极放电电缆。5.2.5.5然后拆除放电仪端放电电缆。5.2.5.6拆除电池组与蓄电池电压采集模块之间的电压采集线。5.2.5.7将校核性放电相关的工器具、放电仪及线缆等理清放好。5.2.6蓄电池充电5.2.6.1蓄电池放电停止后，需要静放1小时后再进行充电。5.2.6.2在开关电源上设置好蓄电池充电参数，蓄电池组充电应按恒流充电（I10电流）——限压均充——浮充的程序进行。蓄电池最大充电电流不大于0.25C10，最大充电电压不大于2.4V/单体。5.2.6.3将开关电源上该组蓄电池组对应的保险合上，开始对蓄电池组充电。5.2.6.4充电过程中要求观察和测量蓄电池电压及充电电流，并做好相关记录。在充电开始阶段，充电电流变化快，应加大观测次数。5.2.6.5为了弥补运行中蓄电池因为其它原因而引起的电池容量亏损，开关电源一般设定每3个月自动均充一次。5.2.7蓄电池内阻测试5.2.7.1蓄电池的内阻测试必须在浮充状态下进行。在蓄电池放电试验后，必须在转入浮充状态下24小时后才能进行内阻测试。5.2.7.2在蓄电池进行放电试验前、后应各测试一次，并做好记录。http://dl.z6e.com75.2.7.3蓄电池单体内阻偏差应不超过15%。5.2.7.4蓄电池内阻参考范围蓄电池类型及容量蓄电池单体内阻（参考值）2V.300AH≤0.8mΩ2V.500AH≤0.6mΩ2V.600AH≤0.4mΩ由于各厂家生产的蓄电池内阻存在差异，具体数据请以厂家提供的为准。5.2.8蓄电池激活5.2.8.1如果蓄电池组第1次核对性放电就达到了额定容量，在充足电后直接投入运行。若没有达到额定容量，应根据测试数据进行分析，如果蓄电池组或部分单体需要激活时，应对电池组或单体按以上方式进行2～3次放电—充电的激活过程。6核对性放电试验注意事项6.1蓄电池容量计算6.1.1根据放电得到的试验数据，将放电电流乘以放电时间即得到实际放电容量。即：实际放电容量C放=放电电流I放电时间t实际放电容量C放占额定容量C额的百分比=（C放/C额）100%6.1.2如果蓄电池放电时环境温度不是25℃，则需要通过以下公式来换算得到蓄电池在25℃环境温度状态下的放电容量。C2C1=--------------（换算公式1）1+k(T-25℃)C1—环境温度是25℃时蓄电池容量C2—环境温度不是25℃时蓄电池测量到的容量T--放电时的环境温度k—温度系数（10h放电率时，K=0.006/℃）6.2其他6.2.1将放电试验所得数据与厂家提供的标准数据及历史测试数据进行比对，是判断蓄电池运行状态的重要依据。6.2.2新蓄电池组10h率放电第1次核对性放电容量应满足0.95C10，在第3次核对性放电之前放电容量应达到C10。6.2.3如果旧蓄电池组经过2～3次放电—充电的激活处理后，仍然达不到额定容量的80%，应更换该组蓄电池。6.2.4蓄电池放电状态下，蓄电池组各单体电压之差不得大于0.2V。在进入浮充状态24http://dl.z6e.com8小时后，蓄电池组各单体电压之差不得大于0.09V。6.2.5新蓄电池在投运6个月之后，应测试一次内阻，测试数据将作为该组电池运行期间的内阻基准读数。6.2.6为了确保测试结果的精确和一致性，测量内阻时应使用同一种测试设备。由于内阻读数很大程度上取决于测试点和测试时测试电缆的相对位置，因此，每次测试时要保持测试条件的前后一致。6.2.7蓄电池核对性放电试验周期：新电池组应做全容量核对性放电试验；以后每隔2～3年做1次核对性试验；运行6年后每年做1次核对性试验。6.2.8如果只有1组蓄电池时，不能进行全核对性放电试验，只能用I10恒电流放电至额定容量的50%。在放电过程中，蓄电池组端电压不能低于N2V。放电后应立即按恒流充电（I10电流）——限压均充——浮充的程序进行充电；如果有2组蓄电池时，可先对其中1组进行全核对性放电试验。当第1组电池试验结束并完全充电后，方可对第2组进行全核对性放电试验。6.2.9本作业指导书所涉及的内容如果与厂方提供的蓄电池维护作业指导书或相关文献内容相矛盾，应以厂方解释为准。7相关性文件YD/T799-2010通信用阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池DL/T724-2000电力系统用蓄电池直流电源装置运行与维护技术规程Q/QJ.CX-02-2009记录控制程序Q/QJ.CX-33-2009监视和测量设备控制程序Q/QJ.CX-37-2009应急准备和响应控制程序《国家电网公司安全生产规程规定》中华人民共和国信息产业部《电信电源维护规程》8符号含义本作业指导书所涉及的符号含义如下：I10------10h率放电电流（A），数值为1.00I10。I3-------3h率放电电流（A），数值为2.50I10。I1-------1h率放电电流（A），数值为5.50I10。C--------电池组容量，单位AhC10------10h率额定容量（Ah），数值为1.00C10。C3------3h率额定容量（Ah），数值为0.75C10。http://dl.z6e.com9C1------1h率额定容量（Ah），数值为0.55C10。10h率----表示以1.00I10电流放电10小时。3h率----表示以2.50I10电流放电3小时。1h率----表示以5.50I10电流放电1小时。9附录附录A蓄电池内阻测试记录表附录B蓄电池核对性放电测试记录表附录C蓄电池充电测试记录表附录D蓄电池核对性放电作业流程图http://dl.z6e.com10附录A蓄电池内阻测试记录表机房&站点：蓄电池组编号：环境温度：测试人：测试时间：电池编号放电前内阻值（mΩ）充电后内阻值（mΩ）电池编号放电前内阻值（mΩ）充电后内阻值（mΩ）113214315416517618719820921102211231224http://dl.z6e.com11附录B蓄电池核对性放电测试记录表机房&站点：蓄电池组编号：环境温度：测试人：测试时间：开关电源参数正常交流输入路数：输入电压值：直流负载电流：放电前蓄电池状态：蓄电池组空载总电压：蓄电池组放电电流：电池编号0时电压1时2时3时…8时8时30分9时9时15分9时30分9时45分10时电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压123456789101112…21222324放电容量0温度【注】：（1）0时电压为蓄电池熔断器开路后，开始放电前的蓄电池电压值。（2）电压单位为V，电流单位为A，温度单位为oC，容量单位为AH。http://dl.z6e.com12附录C蓄电池充电测试记录表机房&站点：蓄电池组编号：环境温度：测试人：测试时间：开关电源参数充电前交流输入路数：输入电压值：直流负载电流：蓄电池组空载总电压：蓄电池组浮充总电压：电池编号0时电压启动15分30分45分1时2时3时4时5时6时…电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压123456789101112…21222324充电电流温度【注】：（1）0时电压为蓄电池熔断器为开路状态，开始充电前的蓄电池电压值。（2）充电电流为蓄电池组充电电流值。（3）电压单位为V，电流单位为A，温度单位为oC。http://dl.z6e.com13附录D蓄电池核对性放电作业流程图是（不超过2次）否准备工作：（1）准备仪表、工器具、材料、资料等。（2）开工作票。（3）工作负责人向工作班成员交底。（4）根据现场安全技术措施完成安措。确认电池组处于浮充电状态，用万用表测量蓄电池总电压及单体电压确认电源系统运行正常、通信设备供电正常后，断开该组蓄电池保险将蓄电池与放电仪正确连接，连接电压采集线放电仪加电，设置放电参数确认蓄电池电压及测试连接线无误后，开始放电（I10恒流放电）设置开关电源充电参数，蓄电池静置1小时后，合上蓄电池保险开始充电测试结束测试、记录蓄电池充电电压、电流放电自动终止后，将数据拷入U盘，关闭放电仪电源，拆除放电仪及连线用内阻测试仪测量蓄电池内阻蓄电池充电结束，转入正常浮充电运行24小时后，再测试一次内阻。分析测试数据，蓄电池组或单体需激活处理吗？编制测试报告，提出整改建议测试开始http://dl.z6e.com