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i| UNEP | IMEO 2023 Report

An eye

on methane

The road to radical transparency

International Methane Emissions Observatory

2023 Report

ii | UNEP | IMEO 2023 Report

ISBN: 978-92-807-4102-5

Job number: DTI/2593/NA

DOI: https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/44129

This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part

and in any form for educational or non-profit services

without special permission from the copyright holder,

provided acknowledgement of the source is made.

The United Nations Environment Programme would

appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses

this publication as a source. No use of this publication

may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose

whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the

United Nations Environment Programme. Applications

for such permission, with a statement of the purpose

and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to

unep-communication-director@un.org.

Disclaimers

The designations employed and the presentation of the

material in this publication do not imply the expression of

any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the

United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,

territory or city or area or its authorities, or concerning the

delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Mention of a commercial company or product in this

document does not imply endorsement by the United

Nations Environment Programme or the authors. The use of

information from this document for publicity or advertising

is not permitted. Trademark names and symbols are used

in an editorial fashion with no intention on infringement of

trademark or copyright laws.

The views expressed in this publication are those of the

authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the

United Nations Environment Programme. We regret any

errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made.

Production

United Nations Environment Programme (2023).

An Eye on Methane — The road to radical transparency:

International Methane Emissions Observatory.

The electronic copy of this report can be downloaded at

www.unep.org/methane

Suggested citation

United Nations Environment Programme (2023).

An Eye on Methane — The road to radical

transparency: International Methane Emissions

Observatory 2023. Nairobi

UNEP IMEO 2023 Report

Supported

iii | UNEP | IMEO 2023 Report

Acknowledgements

The report was prepared by (in alphabetical order):

Andreea Calcan, Manfredi Caltagirone, Martin Cermak,

Meghan Demeter, Ricardo Alonso Esparza Gamez,

Giulia Ferrini, Robert Field, James Lawrence France,

Stephen Harris, Itziar Irakulis-Loitxate, Małgorzata Kasprzak,

Roland Kupers, Chenchen Lin, Matthew McGee,

Tania Meixus Fernandes, Monika Oczkowska,

Ruth Oyekunle, Cynthia Randles, Colette Schissel,

Erin Tullos and Daniel Zavala-Araiza.

Valuable coordination was provided by Sophie Loran.

Editing: Lisa Mastny

Design and layout: David Andrade

The authors would like to thank the following partners

who supported this report with their important

contributions, input, comments and reviews:

Andris Piebalgs, Florence School of Regulation

Steven Hamburg, Environmental Defense Fund

Euan Nisbet, Royal Holloway, University of London

Lena Höglund Isaksson, International Institute

for Applied Systems Analysis

Paul Wennberg, California Institute of Technology

Shamil Maksyutov, National Institute for Environmental

Studies, Japan

Matthew Baldwin, Alessia Clocchiatti, Brendan Devlin,

Cristina Lobillo Borrero, Malcolm McDowell,

Dinko Raytchev and Joana Simão Costa, European

Commission (Directorate-General Energy)

Cristen Adams, Diane De Kerckove, Marc D’Ioro and

Catherine Steward, Environment and Climate Change

Canada

Rick Duke, Jonathan Moch, Daniel Rochberg and

Clare Wang, U.S. Department of State

Hiroshi Hashimoto, Institute for Energy Economics, Japan

Sheila Aggarwal-Khan, Geordie Colville, Andrea Hinwood,

Martina Otto and Nathan Bogford-Parnell, UN Environment

Programe

UNEP’s IMEO gratefully acknowledges its donors:

the European Commission, the Global Methane Hub,

the Bezos Earth Fund, the government of the United

States of America and the government of Canada.

/142

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AneyeonmethaneTheroadtoradicaltransparencyInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory2i02U3NERPeIMpEoOr2t023ReportUNEPIMEO2023Report©2023UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeTheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheISBN:978-92-807-4102-5authorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheJobnumber:DTI/2593/NAUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.WeregretanyDOI:https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/44129errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenunwittinglymade.©Maps,photosandillustrationsasspecifiedThispublicationmaybereproducedinwholeorinpartandinanyformforeducationalornon-profitservicesProductionwithoutspecialpermissionfromthecopyrightholder,providedacknowledgementofthesourceismade.UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(2023).TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammewouldAnEyeonMethane—Theroadtoradicaltransparency:appreciatereceivingacopyofanypublicationthatusesInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory.thispublicationasasource.NouseofthispublicationTheelectroniccopyofthisreportcanbedownloadedatmaybemadeforresaleoranyothercommercialpurposewww.unep.org/methanewhatsoeverwithoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.ApplicationsSuggestedcitationforsuchpermission,withastatementofthepurposeandextentofthereproduction,shouldbeaddressedtoUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(2023).unep-communication-director@un.org.AnEyeonMethane—Theroadtoradicaltransparency:InternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory2023.NairobiDisclaimersThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorcityorareaoritsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.MentionofacommercialcompanyorproductinthisdocumentdoesnotimplyendorsementbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeortheauthors.Theuseofinformationfromthisdocumentforpublicityoradvertisingisnotpermitted.Trademarknamesandsymbolsareusedinaneditorialfashionwithnointentiononinfringementoftrademarkorcopyrightlaws.SupportedbyiiUNEPIMEO2023ReportAcknowledgementsThereportwaspreparedby(inalphabeticalorder):TheauthorswouldliketothankthefollowingpartnerswhosupportedthisreportwiththeirimportantAndreeaCalcan,ManfrediCaltagirone,MartinCermak,contributions,input,commentsandreviews:MeghanDemeter,RicardoAlonsoEsparzaGamez,GiuliaFerrini,RobertField,JamesLawrenceFrance,AndrisPiebalgs,FlorenceSchoolofRegulationStephenHarris,ItziarIrakulis-Loitxate,MałgorzataKasprzak,RolandKupers,ChenchenLin,MatthewMcGee,StevenHamburg,EnvironmentalDefenseFundTaniaMeixusFernandes,MonikaOczkowska,RuthOyekunle,CynthiaRandles,ColetteSchissel,EuanNisbet,RoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondonErinTullosandDanielZavala-Araiza.LenaHöglundIsaksson,InternationalInstituteValuablecoordinationwasprovidedbySophieLoran.forAppliedSystemsAnalysisEditing:LisaMastnyDesignandlayout:DavidAndradePaulWennberg,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyShamilMaksyutov,NationalInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies,JapanMatthewBaldwin,AlessiaClocchiatti,BrendanDevlin,CristinaLobilloBorrero,MalcolmMcDowell,DinkoRaytchevandJoanaSimãoCosta,EuropeanCommission(Directorate-GeneralEnergy)CristenAdams,DianeDeKerckove,MarcD’IoroandCatherineSteward,EnvironmentandClimateChangeCanadaRickDuke,JonathanMoch,DanielRochbergandClareWang,U.S.DepartmentofStateHiroshiHashimoto,InstituteforEnergyEconomics,JapanSheilaAggarwal-Khan,GeordieColville,AndreaHinwood,MartinaOttoandNathanBogford-Parnell,UNEnvironmentProgrameUNEP’sIMEOgratefullyacknowledgesitsdonors:theEuropeanCommission,theGlobalMethaneHub,theBezosEarthFund,thegovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaandthegovernmentofCanada.iiiUNEPIMEO2023ReportTableofContentsAcknowledgements............................................................................................................................iiiAbbreviations.....................................................................................................................................viForeword............................................................................................................................................viiIMEOATAGLANCE...........................................................................................................................viiiExecutiveSummary............................................................................................................................ixIMEOGROWSITSIMPACT.........................................................................................................................ixUNLOCKINGTHEMETHANEDATAREVOLUTION................................................................................xBETTERDATA,ONGOINGACTION.............................................................................................................x1.ACLIMATEDATAREVOLUTION......................................................................................................11.1Thethresholdofanewera..................................................................................................................11.2Accountabilityandagency..................................................................................................................21.3Mindthegap........................................................................................................................................31.4TheIMEOdatatimeline.......................................................................................................................41.5Expandingtoallfivesectors...............................................................................................................51.6Reducingtheclimatefootprintofsteel..............................................................................................62.ANINNOVATIVENEWGLOBALSYSTEMTOIDENTIFYMETHANEEMISSIONS................................72.1Fourcross-cuttingcomponentswillleadtorealemissionsreductions...........................................82.2MARSpilotphase.................................................................................................................................92.3MARScasestudy:successfulmitigation............................................................................................103.OGMP2.0:RADICALTRANSPARENCYINTHEOILANDGASSECTOR.............................................113.1RobustgrowthforOGMP2.0...............................................................................................................113.2Acommunityofpractice......................................................................................................................173.3Dataqualityanduncertainty................................................................................................................173.4Findings:emissionsbyregion.............................................................................................................193.5Findings:quantificationmethodologies..............................................................................................193.6Companyhighlights..............................................................................................................................213.7Companyperformancetargets............................................................................................................233.8Divestment............................................................................................................................................234.METHANESCIENCEUPDATE..........................................................................................................244.1IMEO’sscienceapproach.....................................................................................................................244.2OilandGasMethaneScienceStudies................................................................................................254.3CoalMethaneScienceStudies............................................................................................................254.4Lookingforward....................................................................................................................................265.BUILDINGCAPACITYINGOVERNMENTSTOADDRESSMETHANEEMISSIONS...............................335.1Importanceofengaginggovernmentstakeholders...........................................................................335.2Overviewoftrainingprogrammeofferanddelivery...........................................................................335.3Engagingtheinventorycommunity.....................................................................................................355.4Implementationcasestudy:successfulmitigation...........................................................................35ANNEX1-OGMP2.0COMPANYREPORTSFOR2022....................................................................36BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................................129ivUNEPIMEO2023ReportListsofTables,FiguresandBoxesTable1.IMEOdataintegrationfive-yearplan,2023-2027...........................................................................................6Table2.Summaryofenergysector(coal,oilandgas)methaneemissionsdetectedbyMARS,byregion,inthefirstsevenmonthsof2023..................................................................................................9Table3.CoverageofOGMP2.0memberassets.........................................................................................................15Table4.U.S.companymembershipofOGMP2.0.......................................................................................................15Table5.Emission-weightedaveragereportinglevelsbysegmenttypeandoperatorshipofassets(includesallcompaniesfrom2023)...............................................................................................................18Table6.Averagereportinglevelsforcompaniesthatreportedinboth2022and2023(operatedassetsonly)....................................................................................................................18Table7.AssetsdivestedbyOGMP2.0membersin2022..........................................................................................23Table8.SummaryofIMEO’spublishedandcompletedsciencestudies...................................................................28Table9.IMEOinitiatedandongoingstudies................................................................................................................30Table10.OverviewofmodulesforIMEO’sMethaneMitigationTrainingSeries.........................................................34Figure1.FourmaincomponentsofMARS....................................................................................................................8Figure2.MARSmethaneeventdetectionsinArgentina,2021-2023..........................................................................10Figure3.TypicalOGMP2.0journeyfortheindustrymembers....................................................................................11Figure4.OGMP2.0timelineforGoldStandardreportingofmethaneemissions......................................................12Figure5.GrowthinOGMP2.0membership,fromitsinceptionin2020throughMay2023......................................13Figure6.LNGsupplychainsharecoveredbyOGMP2.0..............................................................................................16Figure7.ShareofoilandgasmethaneemissionsbysegmenttypeasreportedthroughOGMP2.0andadjustedforsegmentmembershipcoverage.........................................................................................17Figure8.EmissionsreportedthroughOGMP2.0bysegmenttypeandoperatorshipofassets,2022.....................18Figure9.Totalreportedmethaneemissions(tonnes)bysegment,regionandoperatorshipofassets,2022........19Figure10.SharesofreportedLevel3andLevel4emissions,bysource,2022............................................................20Figure11.ComparisonofreportedLevel3andLevel4emissionssource,inabsoluteterms,2022........................20Figure12.ChoiceofcompanytargetsamongOGMP2.0members,bysegment,bycompany(notadjustedtoemissionsvolumes)........................................................................................23Figure13.OngoingandpublishedIMEOstudies............................................................................................................24Figure14.Side-by-sidecomparisonoftheIntisarDassetpre-andpost-actionbyNOCLibya...................................35Box1.IMEOhighlightsasof2023.............................................................................................................................ixBox2.IMEOlookaheadfor2024...............................................................................................................................xBox3.TheMethaneSupplyIndex..............................................................................................................................2Box4.ThefiveOGMP2.0reportinglevels................................................................................................................12Box5.OGMP2.0asanindicatorofperformance....................................................................................................14Box6.Casestudy:Increasingthedataqualityforamoreeffectivemitigationstrategy.......................................20Box7.NordStream:Makingsenseofdiversemethanemeasurements................................................................25Box8.Single-blindvalidationofmethane-sensingtechnologies............................................................................27vUNEPIMEO2023ReportAbbreviationsCCACClimateandCleanAirCoalitionCOPConferenceofthePartiesGMPGlobalMethanePledgeIEAInternationalEnergyAgencyIMEOInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatoryIPCCIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeLNGLiquefiednaturalgasMARSMethaneAlertandResponseSystemMRVMeasurement,reportingandverificationNOCLibyaNationalOilCompanyofLibyaOGMPOilandGasMethanePartnershipROMEORomanianMethaneEmissionsfromOil&GasTGDTechnicalGuidanceDocumentUNEPUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeviUNEPIMEO2023ReportForewordMethaneemissionsstemmingfromhumanactivitiesReducingmethanepollutionisthefastestwaytoslowthecontributeathirdoftheglobalwarmingbeingexperiencedrateofglobalwarming.Significantcutsincarbondioxidetoday.Nomattertheworld’schosendecarbonizationareimperativeforlongtermclimatehealth,butslashingpath,curbingmethanealongsidecarbondioxideiscrucialmethanepollutionwillmaketemperatureslowerthanwe’dforreachingclimatestability.Publichealth,economicotherwiseexperienceinthenextdecade.livelihoods,andglobalenergysecurityallstandtobenefitfromfastmethaneactionacrosssectors–fromenergyasAstheeffectsofclimatechangebeardownonus,wewephaseoutfossilfuelsandfromotherslikewasteandneedtospeeddeploymentofeverytoolthatcanlowertheagriculture.Reducingmethaneemissionsrepresentsoneofintensityofimpactsonpeopleandtheplanet,andoilandthemostimmediateandcost-effectiveleverswecanpulltogasmethaneiscritical.ensureclimateprogress.GovernmentsandindustryarenowmakingsignificantButdeliveringmethaneactionatthespeedandscalerequirednewcommitmentstoreducemethanepollution,whichwilldemandsempiricaldataonwhereandhowemissionsoccur,leadtogreaterclimatesafetyandhealthiercommunities.andhowtheychangeovertime.ThisiswhytheInternationalTomaintainthismomentum,weneedreliabledatatogiveMethaneEmissionsObservatory(IMEO),aflagshipprojectcountriesandcompaniestheincentiveandthemeanstooftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),findandfixemissionsfaster.Theinformationwillalsoletspearheadsdata-driveneffortsinmethanereductionusknowifthesepledgesarebeingfulfilled.alongsidediversepartnersfromacrosstheeconomy.IMEO’scoremissionistoprovideopen,reliableandEnvironmentalDefenseFundhaslongadvocatedforaactionabledatatotheindividualswhocanacttoreducescience-basedfocusonmethane.Foroveradecade,wemethaneemissionsanditexistsatthecoreofthemethanehavesponsoredglobalcampaignstomeasuremethanedataecosystemtoboostaccountabilityandaction.acrosstheoilandgasindustryandworkedcloselywithpublic,private,andcivilsocietystakeholderstotacklethisInclosecollaborationwithscientificpartnersworldwideissue.In2024,oursubsidiarywilllaunchMethaneSAT,andinpartnershipwithgovernmentsandindustry,UNEP,ahighlyadvancedmethane-trackingsatellitethatcanthroughOGMP2.0,isactivelydefiningtheglobalstandardmeasureemissionsvirtuallyanywhereonEarth.formethanetransparencyintheoilandgasindustry.Thisisadynamicprocess,asstandardsandpracticeswillcontinueAnycollectivechallengerequiresatrustedsourceofdata,toevolveasnewmeasurementandmitigationmethodsonethatstakeholderscanusetodirecttheiractions.Thisisemerge.UNEPreaffirmsitsunwaveringcommitmenttowhereUNEP’sIMEOcomesin.Toguideactiononmethane,expeditingthereductionofmethaneemissionsastheworldthedatamustbebasedonempiricalmeasurements,notacceleratesthetransitionawayfromfossilfuels.merelyestimated.EDFisaclosepartnerofUNEP,helpingitsscientificeffortsandsupportingrecruitmentofcompaniesSheilaAggarwal-Khanintoitspartnerships.IMEOstandsasanessentialcatalystDirector,IndustryandEconomyDivisionenablingthosebestpositionedtoacttoreducemethaneUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeemissions.FredKruppPresident,EnvironmentalDefenseFundviiUNEPIMEO2023ReportIMEOataglancePhotocredit:Envato127Reducingtheseemissionsisoneofthefastest,mostcost-MARSeffectivewaystoslowthenotificationscurrentrateofwarming.127methaneplumesUNEP’sInternationalMethane37%EmissionsObservatoryiscatalysingamethanedataOGMP2.0coveragerevolutionandbuildingthe37%ofglobaloilandinfrastructuretoensurethatdatagasproductionacceleratesmethaneaction.20Methanescience20scientificpaperspublishedGlobalanthropogenicmethaneemissionsareresponsibleforabout30percentoftheEarth’swarmingbeingexperiencedtoday.Rapidgrowthinmethaneemissionsmonitoringandheightenedglobalattentionsetthestageforanunprecedentedlevelofinformationonhowmuchmethaneisbeingemittedandwherefrom.viiiUNEPIMEO2023ReportExecutiveSummaryAmethanedatarevolutionisjustaroundthecorner,makingitpossibletomovebeyondgenericemissionfactorsthatattempttoestimatethereleaseofmethanepollution,andtoreplacethemwithmoreaccurateempiricalmeasurementsofwhatisactuallyhappeningontheground.Thisiscrucialforeffectivemitigationmeasures.TheInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory(IMEO)oftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)ispoisedtocatalyserapidclimateactioninformedthroughthesenewdata,withaprogrammeofsciencestudies,industrypartnerships,thedesignofarobustmeasurement,reportingandverification(MRV)framework,asatellitealertandresponsesystem,andateamofseveraldozenmethaneexperts.IMEOGrowsItsImpactBox1.IMEOhighlightsasof2023ThemissionofUNEP’sInternationalMethaneEmissions•20IMEO-fundedandcoordinatedpeer-reviewedObservatoryistoprovideopen,reliableandactionablestudieshavebeenpublishedand7studiesdatatotheindividualswhocanacttoreducemethanesubmittedorunderreview.emissions.SinceitslaunchattheGroupofTwenty(G20)meetingin2021,IMEOhasgrownitseffectivenessand•114oilandgascompanies–covering37%impact(Box1).ofproduction–joinedUNEP’smeasurement,reportingandverificationprogrammeOGMP2.0Theyear2022sawwidespreadrecognitionoftheSeptember2023cut-off.importanceofcurbingmethaneemissions,withincreasedattentioninthemedia,extensivecoverageattheUnited•MethaneAlertandResponseSystem(MARS),NationsClimateConferenceinSharmEl-Sheikh,EgyptlaunchedatCOP27,hasissuedalertson127(COP27)andthegrowthoftheGlobalMethanePledgeplumestotheresponsibleauthorities.(GMP).AtCOP28inDubai,UnitedArabEmirates,IMEOlaunchedthenewMethaneAlertandResponseSystem•Methanedataplatformisunderdesign.(MARS).Thissystemcollectsdatafrommultiplesatellitesandissuesalertstocountriesandcompanieswhen•Fundingissecuredforbaselinestudiesthatwillemissionsaredetected.provideanempiricalandactionableassessmentofemissionsacrossmethane-emittingsectorsUndertheGMP,morethan150countrieshavecommittedtoforselectedcountries.collectivelyreducingtheirmethaneemissionsby30percentacrossallsectorsby2030.UNEP,throughIMEOandthePhotocredit:QatarEnergyClimateandCleanAirCoalition(CCAC),isthedesignatedimplementationpartnerfortheGMP.IMEOcollaborateswithgovernments,scientists,satelliteoperatorsandcompaniestointegrateandimprovethequalityofmethaneemissionsdata,withaspecificfocusonidentifyingmitigationopportunities.ixUNEPIMEO2023ReportUnlockingtheMethaneDataRevolutionIntheoilandgasproductionsegment,wherethevastmajorityofmethaneemissionsarereleased,theGlobalanthropogenicmethaneemissionsareresponsibleoperatedassetsofOGMP2.0members(property,plants,forabout30percentoftheEarth’swarmingbeingequipment,etc.)contributedone-sixthofglobaloilandexperiencedtoday(UNEP,CCACandInternationalEnergygasproduction,withanotherone-fifthoftheassetsbeingAgency[IEA]2023).Inmanycases,emissionreductionsnon-operated.In2022,thecumulativemethaneemissionscanbeachievedinacost-effectivemannerusingexistingreportedbyOGMP2.0membercompaniestotalled1.6technologies.Giventheshort-termwarmingimpactofmilliontonnes.ForallemissionsinOGMP2.0scopeinmethaneemissions,rapidreductionoftheseemissionsis2022,stemmingfromone-thirdofglobalproduction,theessentialtomeetagreedclimatetargetsunderanyscenarioreportedvolumeisequivalenttoaround2percentoftotalforglobaldecarbonization.Methaneisprimarilyemittedinoilandgasemissions.Thesignificantdifferencelikelyhastheenergy,agriculture,andwastesectors,withtheenergyseveralcontributingfactors,whichrequireattentionandsectorofferingthegreatestpotentialforrapidcost-effectiveareexploredinthisreport.mitigation.ThisiswhyUNEP’sIMEOhaschosenthissectorforitsinitialfocus.84companiesmettheGoldStandardScientificstudiesbasedonglobalatmosphericobservationspathwaycriteriaestimatethattotalanthropogenicmethaneemissionsfromtheoilandgassectorareintherangeof80-140millionIntotal,84companiesmettheGoldStandardpathwaytonnesperyear.However,significantuncertaintysurroundscriteria,meaningthattheyareonacrediblepathwaytothemagnitudeandlocationofemissions.CurrentemissionachieveGoldStandardreportingofmethaneemissionsreportsrelymainlyonlegacyemissionfactors–estimatedforavastmajorityoftheiroperatedassetsbythethirdaveragevaluesofthemethanepollutionreleasedfromyearandoftheirnon-operatedassetsbythefifthyear.varioussourcesperunitofactivity–insteadofonempirical,Individualcompanyfactsheetsareannexedtothisreport.measurement-basedcharacterizationofactualemissionsNotably,thequalityofmeasurementofmethaneemissionsacrosstheoilandgassupplychain.Thishasmadeitisstillgrowing,andcompaniesneedtocontinuetoexpandchallengingtotrackchangesinemissionsovertime.coveragetomoreoftheirassets.Overthepastdecade,themethanesciencecommunityInthecomingyear(Box2),IMEOanticipatesacontinuedhasdevelopedanddemonstratedtherobustnessofenhancementinboththequantityandqualityofreportedmeasurement-basedapproaches,withtheOilandGasdataasmoreassetsarereportedatincreasinglevels.MethanePartnership2.0(OGMP2.0)spearheadingaThegreateravailabilityofrobustscientificdatawillsubstantialshiftinthepracticeofmeasurement-basedenableamorepreciseunderstandingofanydisparityreportingfortheoilandgasindustry.Anewgenerationbetweenemissionreportedbycompaniesandactualofsatellitesisintheprocessofrevolutionizingthequantitiesmeasuredintheatmosphere.By2025,thanksquantificationofemissiondatawithunprecedentedaccuracytothemethanedatarevolution,amorecomprehensiveandprecision.Leveragingthecapabilitiesandpartnershipsassessmentwillbepossible,providingamorethoroughestablishedsince2021,IMEOispoisedtocatalysethisdataaccountofmethaneemissionsinthesector.revolution,deliveringtransparent,reliableandactionableemissiondatatoregulators,investorsandcompanies.Box2.IMEOlookaheadfor2024BetterData,OngoingAction•ContinuousimprovementofOGMP2.0reportinglevelIn2023,atotalof92oilandgascompaniesreportedtheir2022methaneemissiondatatoUNEP’stransparency•Roll-outofMethaneSupplyIndexversion0initiative,OGMP2.0.Inthisearlystage,themainbenefit•FulloperationalizationofMARSliesinthetransitionfromgenericestimationmethods•Kick-offofcountrybaselinestudiestoempiricalmeasurements.Thisallowscompaniesto•FurtherdiversificationofIMEOfundingmorestrategicallyfocustheirmitigationefforts.Whiletheaggregatedatasetisnotyetcomprehensiveenoughtoprovideregionalinsights,itprovidescrucialinformationtothosewiththeagencytoexecuteactualemissionmitigationactions.ThisreporthighlightsstoriesofthepracticalprogressinimplementationandmindshareincreaseformethanemitigationamongOGMP2.0membercompanies.xUNEPIMEO2023Report01AClimateDataRevolutionPhotocredit:NeptuneEnergy1.1TheThresholdofaNewEraandcompletenessofreportingandtoidentifymajordiscrepanciesamongdatasets.OverthenextcoupleRadicaltransparencyinmethaneemissionsisofyears,IMEOwillbeassemblingafirst-of-its-kindjustaroundthecorner.comprehensiveopen,reliable,integratedemissionsdataset,whichcanbeusedtoacceleratemitigationefforts.Overthepastdecade,aconcertedlarge-scalescientificThesedatawillbereadilyaccessiblebyindustry,investors,efforthasbeenundertakentomeasuremethaneemissions,policymakersandthegeneralpublicalike.Whencombinedprimarilyfromtheoilandgasindustry.ManyoftheinitialwithapushforindustrytoenhanceitsmonitoringandthestudiesweredoneinNorthAmerica,slowlyexpandingtotransparencyoftheresultingdata,theabilitytofindandotherpartsoftheworld.Findingsfromthisgrowingbodyeliminatemethaneemissionsisenhancedevenmore.ofworkhaveindicated1)largediscrepanciesbetweenthemagnitudeofreportedandmeasuredmethaneThisimprovedunderstandingofemissionsbasedonemissions(insomecasessignificantunderestimationofempiricaldatawilldramaticallyimprovetheaccountabilityemissions),and2)improvedunderstandingofunknownofindustryaswellastheabilityofpolicymakerstotargetand/orunexpectedsourcesofemissions.Forthefirsttime,regulationseffectively.Itwillalsosupportcompanies’anunderstandingisemergingofwhatemissionswerestrategicinvestmentdecisions.produced,where,andfromwhichsources.Yethavinggranulardataisnotenough.ReducingemissionsThischangeisabouttobearfruit.necessitatesbridgingthegapbetweendataandaction.ThisrequiresasetofinstitutionalarrangementsthatThecharacterizationofmethaneemissionsisaboutbringstogethertheparties,enableslearning,andprovidestoshiftfromusingaveragefactorstousingempiricallyaccountabilityandtransparency–ataglobalscaleandwithderiveddatathatcapturethespatialandtemporalrelevantspeed.Withforesight,theinstitutionstodeliverheterogeneitythatcharacterizesmethaneemissions.theupcomingdatarevolutionhavealreadybeencreated.Thisshiftallowsfor,forthefirsttime,theaccuratetrackingThisismainlytheGlobalMethanePledgeanditsdataarm,ofchangesinemissions.Anewgenerationofsatellites,UNEP’sInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory.WithincludingGOSAT-GW,Sentinel-5,CarbonMapper,andthesekeycomponentsinplace,alongsideinitiativessuchMethaneSAT,willrevolutionizetheproductionofnearreal-astheGlobalMethaneHub,theUNEP-convenedCCAC,timequantitativeemissiondata,enablingdeterminationtheInternationalEnergyAgency,andsatelliteoperators,oftotalemissionsforkeyregionsandsub-regionswiththeworldispoisedtoharnessthetransformativepowerofgreatlyincreasedaccuracy.enhanceddataavailabilityonmethaneemissionsandtotranslateitintoconcretemitigationmeasures.Thecollectionanduseofindependent,measurement-baseddatawillbekeytoassessingtheaccuracy1UNEPIMEO2023Report1.2AccountabilityandAgencyIMEOwillprovideamethodologyandtheempiricaldatatounderpinaMethaneSupplyIndex,whichwillenableProgressrequiresactionandaccountabilityrecognizedauthoritiestoaccuratelycharacterizethefromthosewiththeagencytoreducemethanefootprintofvariousglobalsupplychains(Box3).emissions.MoreaccuratedatawillallowpolicymakerstosetDataneedtobemeasurement-based,accurateandpubliclyspecifictargetsforreductionsbysectorandregionsandavailabletoensureaccountability.Theyalsoneedtobetodetermineifemissionreductionsaretakingplace.relevanttotheindividualswhohavetheagencytofixCompaniesandtheirassetmanagerswillbeabletobetteremissions,ratherthanbeingmerelyallocatedorreliantonidentifywheretofocustheirmitigationefforts.emissionfactors.Theimminentmethanedatarevolutionwillfulfiltheseneeds.However,makingthesenewdataTobridgethegapbetweendataandaction,astructuralrelevanttotheactorswhoneedtomakeinvestments,connectionwiththosewhohavetheagencytoreducechangeoperationalpractices,orevolveacompanycultureemissionsisnecessary,particularlywithassetmanagers.requiresanadditionalstep.TheavailabilityoftransparentInitiativessuchasUNEP’sOilandGasMethanePartnershipemissionsdataisthereforenecessary,butinsufficient.2.0(OGMP2.0)playavitalroleinthisregard.OGMP2.0collaborateswithcompaniestoenhancethequalityandUNEP’sInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatoryisquantityofempiricalmeasurementsandtoreportthedesignedtoenableadiversityofstakeholderstomoveresultingdata.Importantly,thehighestlevelofreporting(thefromempiricalmeasurementstoaction.Itachievesthisbyso-calledGoldStandard)requiresareconciliationofsource-integratingindependentdatafromadiversityofsourcesandsite-levelmeasurements.TheindividualandcollectiveandmakingthesedataaccessibleandintelligibleforprogressofOGMP2.0membercompaniesonthisjourneypolicymakers,companiesandthepublic.Asdatasourcesisdocumentedinsection3ofthisreport.multiply,integratingandreconcilingthemintoacoherentsetisanessentialsteptoavoidacacophonyofseeminglyBox3.TheMethaneSupplyIndexcontradictoryobservedemissions.AccuratelyquantifyingmethaneemissionsfromanIMEOrecentlyplayedthisrolewhenitconsolidatedmultipleoilandgasindustrysupplychainintoaparticularmeasurementsofthemassive2022NordStreamtwinmarketprovidesabasisforbuyerstodiscriminatepipelineleakintoasingleunifiedperspective.Previouslypurchasingorforregulatorstolevyfees.Forpublicizedmeasurementshadexhibitedsubstantialexample,theEuropeanUnionMethaneStrategydiscrepancies,sometimesdifferingbyanorderofdescribessucharequirement.magnitude.Yet,byintegratingthosedatainatransparentmanner,itwaspossibletoshowhowtheywereinfactToensurecredibilityandeffectiveness,theindexprovidingaconsistentpictureofoverallmethaneemissionsmustbepublishedbyaneutralentity.IMEOwillfromtheleakandhowtheyvariedovertime.maintainaMethaneSupplyIndexmethodologyandpublishtheindexdata.Oilandgasmethaneemissionsgenerallyexhibithighspatialandtemporalvariability,somultiplemeasurementsPhotocredit:Envatomayseemdisparateyetmayalsobesimultaneouslytrue,becausetheymeasureemissionsatdifferentmomentsandfromdifferentsources.Fromthesedisparatepieces,acoherentwholecanusuallybeconstructedbydeployingtransparentintegrationtechniques.Inasense,eachobserveroftheNordStreamleakwasmeasuringapieceoftheproverbial“elephant,”butittookasustaineddataintegrationefforttoassembleallthepiecesintoacoherentpictureoftheentireanimalandhowthedifferentpartsrelatetoeachother.Giventherapidproliferationofmeasurementtoolsandscales,aswellassubstantialvariabilityofmethaneemissionsamongsources,asuccessfulmitigationeffortrequiresaneutralinstitutiontoperformdataintegration.2UNEPIMEO2023Report1.3MindtheGapThedifferencebetweenmethaneobservationsandOGMP2.0reportedemissionsisconsistentlylargeacrossallThereisalargedifferencebetweenglobalregions.ComparingthecountrytotalswithIEAdatameasurement-basedassessmentsandindustry-(IEA2022)ortheearlysatelliteassessmentsofcountryreportedemissions.emissions(e.g.Shenetal.2023)doesnotyetprovideconclusiveevidenceofgapdifferencesbetweencountriesWhilethefulldatarevolutionisstillahead,enoughorregions.Notonlydoesthequalityofthebottom-updatapreliminaryandpartialmeasurementsarenowavailablefromthecompaniesneedstoprogressfurthertowardstohintattheextentoftheknowledgegapthatneedstoOGMP2.0Level5,buttheuncertaintiesinthesatellitebecollectivelybridgedtoeffectivelymitigatemethanemeasurementsarestilltoogreattoprovideconcreteemissions.guidance.Anincreasingbodyofscientificstudieshasestimatedthatthetotalglobalmethaneemissionsfromtheoilandgasindustryareintherangeof80-140milliontonnesperyear,representing20-40percentofglobalanthropogenicmethaneemissions.Theseestimatesarebasedonacombinationofatmosphericinversemodellingandisotopesourceapportionment(Schwietzkeetal.2016;Hmieletal.2020;Saunoisetal.2020).TheInternationalEnergyAgency’s(IEA)methanetrackerestimatesemissionsatthelowerendofthisrange(IEA2022).Oilandgasproductionassetsgenerallycontributethemostsignificantly,releasinganestimated75percentofthetotaloilandgasemissions(IEA2022).In2021,thethen-72membercompaniesoftheOGMP2.0,representingjustunderone-thirdofglobaloilandgasproduction,reported1.3milliontonnesofmethaneemissionsfrombothoperatedandnon-operatedassets.Thesecompany-reportedemissionsaremorethananorderofmagnitudelowerthanwhatwouldbeexpectedbasedontheatmosphericmeasurements.Inthereportingfor2022,totalemissionsfromthenow92membercompaniesoftheOGMP2.0–representing34percentofglobaloilandgasproduction–amountedto1.6milliontonnes.However,thiswasstillamere2percentofthetotalmethaneemissionsfromtheoilandgasindustry.For2023,IMEOexpectsatleastanother3percentofproductiontobeaddedtothereporting,foratotalof37percentindustrycoverage.Clearlytherecontinuestobealargedifferencethatneedstobeunderstood.WhilethequalityofreporteddataonmethaneemissionsPhotocredit:FluxysBelgium-DavidSamynhasimproved,themajorityofassetsarestillnotreportingmeasurement-basedestimates(so-calledLevel4andLevel5reportingundertheOGMP2.0),andmanynon-operatedassetsofOGMP2.0membercompanieswerenotreported.Thereisalsothepossibilitythattheemissionsofnon-OGMP2.0-memberscouldbeonaveragemuchhigherthanthoseofcurrentmembers,althoughthedifferencewouldhavetobehugetoaccountforthediscrepancy.3UNEPIMEO2023Report1.4ExpandingtoAllFiveSectorsThisintegratedapproachaimstoimprovetheunderstandingofkeymethaneemissionsourcesspecifictoIMEO’scountrybaseliningstudieswillpushselectedcountries.empiricalmeasurementsintoallfivesectors.Initially,thefocuswillbeoncountriesthathaveexistingInits2022AnnualReport,IMEOintroducedtheframingofmethanemeasurementcapacityandreducedlogistical“onegas,fivesectors,”emphasizingthateachofthefiveconstraints,inordertotesttheapplicabilityofexistingmainmethane-emittingsectors–oilandgas,coal,waste,approachesacrossallsectorsandtorefinemethodologiesriceandlivestock–requiresadistincttheoryofchangeandsothattheyareapplicabletocountriesthathavelessthusspecificmitigationstrategies.existingcapacitytoundertaketherequiredmeasurements.ThiseffortwillbecloselyfollowedbyafocusoncountriesThisdeparturefromthetraditionalfocusonthepollutantwherelimitedempiricalemissiondataarecurrentlyitselfshiftstheattentiontowardsthepollutersandagentsavailable.IMEOwillselectthecountriesforthiseffortinwhocanundertakemitigationactivities.Amethaneconsultationwitharangeofstakeholders,includingthemoleculehasthesameclimateimpactwhetheritisemittedcountriesthemselves.byacoworbyaleakyvalveinanoilfield.However,itisimportanttorecognizethesignificantdifferencesamongIMEO’sbaseliningstudiesaredesignedtobeusefultothesectorsresponsibleformethaneemissions,includinggovernments,civilsociety,industryandotherstakeholdersvariationsinthepolluters’agency,accesstocapitalandinprioritizingactionstoreducemethaneemissions.knowledge,aswellasavailabletechnicalandregulatoryConcurrently,IMEOisworkingwithpartners,includingsolutions.withintheprocessesoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),todevelopengagementplanswithToenhanceunderstandingandempiricalquantificationcountriesfocusedontranslatingthestudyfindingsintoofmethaneemissions,in2023IMEOislaunchinganewpolicies,strategiesandopportunitiesforimprovingupdatedseriesofcountrybaseliningstudiesacrossmultiplesectors.NationallyDeterminedContributionstowardsreducingThesestudiescouplemulti-scale,top-downapproachesgreenhousegasemissionsundertheParisAgreement;(e.g.acombinationofregional-levelmeasurementswithincorporatingdirectmeasurementdataintonationalmoredetailedsite-levelmeasurements)withmoregranularinventories;andotheropportunities.analysisofbottom-updataledbylocalsectoralexperts.Photocredit:FluxysBelgium-DavidSamyn4UNEPIMEO2023Report1.5ReducingtheClimateFootprintPhotocredit:Image-Source/EnvatoofSteelMethaneemissionsrepresentonaverageone-thirdoftheclimatefootprintofsteel.Severaloptionsexisttoabatemethaneemissionsfromthesteelsupplychain.Highlevelsofdecarbonizationcanberealizedinthemediumtolongtermwithseveraltechnologyoptionsunderconsideration,suchashydrogen,andpossiblythroughclosed-loopcarboncyclingordirectreduction.Selectingthemostappropriatemethod,scalingandcostreductionareallpriorityareas.Mitigatingmethaneemissions,whichonaverageaccountforone-thirdoftheclimatefootprintofthesteelsupplychain,isacost-effectiveandnoregretoptionunderanydecarbonizationscenarioforthesector.Toachievethis,itiscrucialtodifferentiatebetweenmetallurgicalcoalandthermalcoal.Methaneemissionsfrommetallurgicalcoalhaveamaterialimpactonclimatechange,exceedingtheimpactsofcarbondioxideemissionsfromthecommercialaviationsectorinthefirst20yearsaftertheyareemitted.Astheworldracestowardsminimizingthecarbonfootprintsofindustries,UNEP’sIMEOisfocusingontheshort-termopportunityrepresentedbymethanemitigationinthesteelvaluechain.TheinitiativeseekstodefinetheGoldStandardformeasurement,reportingandverification(MRV)ofmethaneemissions,combinedwithambitiousmitigationtargetsconsistentwiththeGlobalMethanePledgeandtheIEA’sscenariofornetzerogreenhousegasemissionsby2050.Italsoaimstomeettheurgentneedinthesteelindustrytoreducecoalminemethanetoamuchsmallershareofsteel’soverallclimatefootprintrelatedtotheuseofconventionalblastfurnacetechnology.ThisbuildsonUNEP’ssuccesswiththeOilandGasMethanePartnership2.0(OGMP2.0).Thecostofmitigatingthevastmajorityofabatableemissionsfrommetallurgicalcoalisestimatedtobelessthan1percentofthepriceofsteel.Thismakesitaviablesolutionintheshorttomediumterm,whilefulldecarbonizationisacceleratedandthecostfurtherreduced.5UNEPIMEO2023Report1.6TheIMEODataTimelineindependentsatellitemeasurements,variousmethanesciencestudiesanddatasources,OGMP2.0companyIntegrationofmultiplemethanedatasourcesreportsandnationalinventories.EachofthesesourcesisattheheartofIMEO–afive-yearplan.operatesondifferenttimeandspatialscales,andhasvaryinglevelsofuncertainty.ThechallengesposedbydataInlightoftheimprovementsintheacquisitionandintegrationincludeobtainingaccesstoallavailabledatatransparencyofmethanedata,andtheexperienceofthepastaswellasdeterminingemissionsatvaryingspatialscalestwoyearsofdatacollectionandanalysis,IMEOisproviding(e.g.regional,country).AnimportantuseofthedataisasanoutlookofthetypeandgranularityofinformationthatitinputforaMethaneSupplyIndex,whichpolicymakershavecanexpecttoprovideoverthenextfiveyears.Notably,thisrequestedasawaytoincreasetransparencyregardingscheduleisIMEO’scurrentexpectationandwillberevisedasinternationaltraderoutes.theworkcontinuesandanalysesareimproved.Table1providesasummaryofthemainIMEOdataIMEO’scoremissionrevolvesaroundintegratingandexpectedoverthenextfiveyears(2023-2027).correlatingdatafrommultiplesources,includingTable1:IMEOdataintegrationfive-yearplan,2023-2027FURTHERINFORMATIONPLANITEMPublicdataonplumes,alertsandresponsesOGMP2.0/Science/Inventories/Satellite2023MARSversion0pilotphaseForcompaniestoinputtheirreporteddataCollectionofmultipledatastreamsMethodologyandcasesDefinitionandusercategorytestingfromearlyOGMP2.0DevelopmentandimplementationofOGMP2.0reportingplatformmembersIMEObaselinestudies2024OilandGasMethaneSupplyIndexversion0Country-leveldataforGMPbaselineandcomplianceMARSversion1ArtificiaIIntelligenceandMachineLearninganalysisUserInterfacedesignforIMEOpublicdataplatformInclusionofOGMP2.0Level5dataFirstwaveofreconciled(Level5)OGMP2.0estimatesEstablishrootcauseofheavy-tailednatureofemissiondistributionsExpandtoothersectorsAnalysisofemissionpatterns,assessmentofgaps,keydiscrepancies2025IMEOpublicdataplatformdeployment(version0)Oil&GasMethaneSupplyIndexversion1Deepenedanalysisofemissionpatterns,assessmentofgaps,keydiscrepancies2026Oil&GasMethaneSupplyIndexversion22027Root-causeanalysisPhotocredit:Envato6UNEPIMEO2023Report02MARS:NewGlobalSystemtoIdentifyMethaneEmissionsTheinnovativeMARSapproachconnectssatellitedatawiththosewhocanactonemissions.Photocredit:TheEuropeanSpaceAgencyAtthe2022UNClimateChangeConferenceinSharmIMEOisworkingwiththeIEAandtheCCAC,withsupportEl-Sheikh,Egypt(COP27),UNEP’sIMEOlaunchedthefromco-convenersandchampionsoftheGlobalMethaneMethaneAlertandResponseSystem(MARS).MARSisPledge,toengagemorecountriesandtoscaleupaction.thefirstglobalsystemthatconnectssatellite-detectedmethaneemissionswithatransparentnotificationMARSprovidesactionableandtransparentdataonprocessthatpromoteson-the-groundemissionmethaneemissionsfromsatellites,andtherebyincentivizesmitigationefforts.corporationsandgovernmentstocrediblyreducetheirmethaneemissions.MARSharnessesavailablestate-of-SinceJanuary2023,IMEOhasdetectednearly1,500the-artsatellitedatato1)identifymajoremissionhotspotsmethaneplumesacrosstheglobefromtheenergysectorandevents(plumes),2)activateanetworkofpartnersto(Table2).Oftheseplumes,nearly600couldbeattributeddetermineandnotifyrelevantstakeholders,and3)supporttofacilitiesusinghigher-resolutionsatellites.Thisallowedandtrackprogresstowardsmitigation.ThroughMARS,UNEP’sMARSinitiativetonotifygovernmentfocalpointsUNEP’sIMEOisbuildingtheinfrastructureandpracticeandrelevantOGMP2.0membercompanieswithactionabletotakefulladvantageoftheupcomingdatarevolution,toinformationon127oftheseplumesintheoilandgassector.deliverunprecedentedtransparencyonmethaneemissions.7UNEPIMEO2023Report2.1MARS–StrengtheningCollaborationInComponent2,relevantgovernmentandcompanystakeholdersareinformedofeventshappeninginornearFourcross-cuttingcomponentsforemissiontheirjurisdictionsoroperations.Inallcases,notificationsreductions.areprovidedtogovernment-appointedfocalpoints,whoarerequestedtoacknowledgereceiptofthenotificationwithinAkeyfeatureinthedesignofMARSisensuringthatthetwodays.IMEOalsorequeststhegovernmenttoassistdataonmethaneemissioneventsreachtheindividualswhoinnotifying–and,insomecases,helpingtoidentify–thehavetheagencytoact.Simultaneously,theOGMP2.0teamfacilityoperator.IftheoperatorisamemberofOGMP2.0,hasbeenengagingcompanymembersonMARS.IMEOsimultaneouslysendsthenotificationtotheoperatorandthegovernment.MARSconsistsoffourmajorcomponentstoconnectdatatoaction(Figure1).InComponent3,thenotifiedstakeholdersdeterminehowbesttorespondtotheMARSnotification,potentiallywithFigure1:FourmaincomponentsofMARSsupportfrompartnerstheIEAandtheCCAC.OncetheoperatorshavedeterminedtherootcausesoftheemissionsMETHANEandhavedevelopedorimplementedmitigationplans,theyareaskedtocommunicatethisinformationtoIMEO.DetectandAttributeComponent4ofMARSincludesevent-tracking,datadocumentationandcollaborativelearningtoimprovetheALERTsystem.Followingthetrialphase,within45to75dayspost-detection,IMEOwillpubliclydiscloseallsatellited-detectedNotifyandEngageemissionevents.ThegoalistofostercollaborationacrossStakeholderstheMARSecosystemtodrawlessonsfromnotifiedeventsthatcanbeappliedtoimproveMARSandmethaneactioninRESPONSEgeneral.StakeholdersTakeIMEOisworkingwithavarietyofpartnersonthedesignAbatementActionandimplementationofMARS.ThesystemwasdesignedincollaborationwithstakeholdersintheEuropeanSYSTEMCommission,theUnitedStatesofAmerica,theIEAandtheCCAC.Movingforward,IMEOwillcontinuetoworkwithTrack,Learn,otherpartners,suchastheWorldBank,toimplementandCollaborate,ImproveimproveMARSprocessesaswellassupportcountriestobeabletousethesedatatomitigatetheobservedemissions.InComponent1,UNEP’sIMEOcollaborateswithKayrrosImagecredit:KayrrosSASSASandtheNetherlandsInstituteforSpaceResearch(SRON)tousetheexistingsuiteofpublicEarthobservationsatellitestodetect,localizeandcharacterizelargeemissionsourcesacrosstheglobe.Globalmappingsatellites–suchastheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sTROPOMIinstrument–areusedtoidentify“hotspot”regions(whereoneormoresourcesconsistentlycontributetogreatlyelevatedmethaneconcentrations)orverylarge,discretemethaneplumes.Thesedataareusedtodefine“regionsofInterest”thatarefurtherexploredusinghigher-resolutionsatellitesthatenablehotspotandemissioneventstobeattributedtospecificfacilities.Archiveddatacanalsobeusedtodetermineifemissionsfromagivenfacilityhaveoccurredinthepast.MARSthenusesothernon-satellitedatasetsandinformationfromgovernmentsandoperatorstocharacterizethetypesofemittingfacilitiesandtodetermineownership.8UNEPIMEO2023Report2.2CorrelatingMultipleSatellitesImagecredit:TROPOMIhotspot–IMEOTheMARSpilotphaseenabledsuccessfulnotificationof127emissionevents.UNEP’sIMEObeganthepilotphaseofMARSinJanuary2023totestthetechnicalaspectsofthesystem.IMEOalsoworkedwithpartnerstoimproveprocessespriortoMARSbecomingfullyoperationalinlate2023,withfulldisclosureofallpastandongoingalerts.Table2liststhenumberofplumesdetectedthrough15November2023byIMEO,aswellasthenumberofplumesnotified,byregion,aspartofMARS.Table2:Summaryofenergysector(coal,oil,andgas)methaneemissionsdetectedbyIMEO,byregion,for2023through15November.RegionTROPOMIHot-SpotsTROPOMIPlumesHigher-ResolutionGovernmentPlumesNotifiedPlumesCoalOil&GasCoalOil&GasCoalOil&GasOil&GasCentral&SouthAmerica010301111Europe51116700MiddleEast014159012446NorthAfrica0502501489NorthAmerica7132513753432SoutheastAsia&Oceania4014001010Russia&CentralAsia16377837307618South&EastAsia21610910180140SouthernAfrica31170031Total5678255613192420127Note:TROPOMIhotspotsaredeterminedbyaveragingobservationsofenhancedmethaneconcentrationandareindicativeofregionswithoneormorepersistentlyemittingsources(Source:SRON).TROPOMIplumesareverylargeemissionevents(>10,000kilogramsofmethane).Higher-resolutionplumesresultfromanalysisofdatafromSentinel-2,Landsat8or9,EnMAPandPRISMA.Theseplumesarearound1,000kilogramsofmethaneperhour.Notethatonlyhigher-resolutionplumescanbeusedforanotificationbecausethesedataallowforattributionatthefacilityscale.CurrentlyeventsareonlynotifiedforOil&GasonceIMEOhasbeenabletocommencegovernmentengagement.9UNEPIMEO2023Report2.3MARSCaseStudy:Successfultherelevantoperators.OperatorspromptlyrespondedMitigationtothenotificationandsharedtherequestedinformationonthesource,causeandmitigationactionstaken.AlargeemissionsourcewascollaborativelyeliminatedinArgentina.Foroneofthedetectedevents,theoperatornotedthattheeventwasduetoanequipmentfailure,specificallyIMEObeganengagingthegovernmentofArgentinaontheruptureoftubesintheheatexchanger.Oncetheleakmethaneactionwithatrainingin2021.Argentinaagreedwasidentified,thecompressorwastakenoutofservice,tobeaMARSpilotcountry,identifiedafocalpointforthetubesweresealed,andaleakverificationplanwithannotificationandagreedonaprocessforrespondingtoainfraredcamerawasimplemented.Subsequently,nofurtherMARSnotification.emissionshavebeendetectedinthislocation.BetweenJanuaryandMarch2023,MARSdetected10IMEOiscontinuingtoengagewiththegovernmentandwithmethaneplumesinArgentinaassociatedwith3oilandmembersofindustryinArgentinatoraiseawarenessaboutgasfacilities.TheseeventswerecombinedintoasingleMARS,buildcapacityamongstakeholdersonmethanenotificationandprovidedtothegovernment-nominatedemissions,andaddressanyotheremissioneventswhenfocalpoint.Inturn,thegovernmentsharedthereportwiththeyaredetected(Figure2).Figure2:MARSmethaneeventdetectionsinArgentina,2021-2023Theimage(below/ontheright)showsamethaneplumedetectedbyEMITonJanuary29,2023Note:Orangedotsindicatetheestimatedlocationofmethaneemissionsdetectedbythelower-resolutionglobalmappingTROPOMIsensoronboardtheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sSentinel-5PsatellitebetweenJanuary2021andAugust2023.10UNEPIMEO2023Report03OGMP2.0:RadicalTransparencyintheOilandGasSector3.1RobustGrowthforOGMP2.0andembracingthedifferingstartingpointsofindividualmembers’journeystoreducemethaneemissions.ThisOGMP2.0isonthebrinkoftransitioningfromtransformationembracestheprocess,resultingincredibletheGoldStandardpathwaytoGoldStandardandsteadyprogresswhileadheringtotheOGMP2.0reporting.timelineforincrementalprogress,ratherthantheendpointalone.OGMP2.0hasaprinciple-based,ratherthanarule-OGMP2.0wasengineeredtoevolve(Figure3),ensuringbasedapproach,toaccommodatetheoperationaldiversitythattheprogrammecouldmovefromaspirationtoofitsmembersandtoallowinnovationinmeasurementandpractice,whileremainingsteadfastinitstheoryofchangemitigationapproaches.Figure3:TypicalOGMP2.0journeyfortheindustrymembers•Jointhepartnership•Setcompanytarget•TransitiontoGoldStandardReporting(Level4/5forall•Developcrediblematerialassets)implementaionplantoadheiveGoldStandardReporting•Continueprogresstolevel5forallmaterialassets•ReportemissionsatanylevelWhilemembersjoininvariousstagesoftheiremissionMorethanhalfofthecurrentOGMP2.0memberssubmitteddiscoveryandtherequiredmitigation,GoldStandardtheirsecondannualreportinMay2023.ThismeansthatreportingsetsoutrigorousdeadlinesagainstwhichatheywilltransitiontoGoldStandardreportingin2024,membermusttransitionitsemissionsunderstandingtowithimplementationoftheirLevel4methodsandLevel5greatergranularityandhigherquality(Box4andFigure4).reconciliationwellunderway.MemberscommittoimprovethequalityoftheirmethaneemissiondatatoLevels4and5bythethirdyearofPhotocredit:SaskatchewanResearchCouncilreportingforallmaterialoperatedassetsandbyyearfiveforallmaterialnon-operatedassets.Theydocumentthiswithacomprehensiveimplementationplan.Throughtherapidtransitiontohigher-qualityandmorecompleteunderstandingofemissions,onanasset-by-assetbasisatthesourcelevel,operatorsdevelopthecriticaldatanecessarytoimplementmeaningfulmitigationandforassetmanagerstoprioritizecapitaltowardsthelargestandmostcost-effectivereductionopportunities.11UNEPIMEO2023ReportBox4.ThefiveOGMP2.0reportinglevelsLevel4–EmissionsreportedbydetailedsourcetypeandusingspecificemissionfactorsandLevel1–Emissionsreportedforaventureattheactivityfactors.Source-levelmeasurementassetorcountrylevel(i.e.,onemethaneemissionsandsamplingmaybeusedasthebasisforfigureforalloperationsinanassetorallassetsestablishingthesespecificemissionfactorsandwithinaregionorcountry).activityfactors,althoughothersource-specificquantificationmethodologiessuchassimulationLevel2-Emissionsreportedinconsolidated,toolsanddetailedengineeringcalculationssimplifiedsourcecategories(basedonthe(e.g.,asreferencedinexistingOGMPTechnicalInternationalAssociationofOil&GasProducersGuidanceDocuments)maybeusedwherefivecategoriesforupstreamemissionsandonappropriate.MARCOGAZ’threecategoriesformidstreamanddownstreamemissions),usingavarietyLevel5–EmissionsreportedsimilarlytoLevel4,ofquantificationmethodologies,progressivelybutwiththeadditionofsite-levelmeasurementuptotheassetlevel,whenavailable.reconciliation(site-levelmeasurementscharacterizesite-levelemissionsdistributionLevel3–Emissionsreportedbydetailedsourcetypeforastatisticallyrepresentativepopulation).andusinggenericemissionfactors.Figure4:OGMP2.0timelineforGoldStandardreportingofmethaneemissionsYear0Year1Year2Year3Year4Year5CompanyjoinsCompaniessubmitMemberMemberOGMP2.0firstreportbycompaniesachievecompaniesachieveGoldStandardforGoldStandardfor31Maybasedonnon-operatedassetspreviousyeardataoperatedassetsbasedonpreviousbasedonpreviousyeardatayeardataCompaniesmayachieveGoldStandardPathwaypriortoyears3and5via:•SubmissionofOGMP2.0-compliantLevel1(orhigher)reportforallin-scopeassets•SubmissionofagranularimplementationplanperassettogettoLevel4/5forallin-scopeassets•EstablishingamethanereductiontargetPhotocredit:SNAM12UNEPIMEO2023ReportRobustgrowthwasachievedforthethirdPhotocredit:Envatoyearinarow.OGMP2.0isonatrajectoryofrapidgrowth,withthepartnershippoisedtonearlydoubleitsmembershipbythecloseof2023comparedtotheinitial62memberswhojoinedin2020(Figure5).Theprojectedexpansionto120companiesin2023reflectssignificantprogress.Notably,thepartnershipisexperiencingsubstantialgrowthinmembershipfromkeyfossilfuel-producingregionsthroughouttheAmericasandfrommajornationaloilcompaniesglobally.ThegrowingglobalpreferenceforOGMP2.0asthepre-eminentmeasurement,reportingandverification(MRV)frameworkcanbeattributedtothreedistinctiveandcompellingcharacteristicsthatsetitapart.Figure5:GrowthinOGMP2.0membership,fromitsinceptionin2020through20231201.OGMP2.0wholeheartedlyembracesitsidentityasapartnershipandadynamiccommunityofpractice.+32Thismeansthatitnotonlyprovidesasetofguidelinesandstandards,butalsofosterscollaborationand100knowledge-sharingamongoperatorsandstakeholders.Itthrivesoncollectiveexpertiseandonthesynergy+18generatedbythediversevoiceswithinitscommunity.802.OGMP2.0standsoutbymeetingoperatorswheretheyareintheirindividualmethaneemissionreduction+8journey.Itoffersapragmaticandrobustpathwaytailoredtothespecificneedsandcircumstancesofeach60participant.Thisadaptabilityensuresthatcompaniescaneffectivelyprogresstowardscrediblemethaneemissions40reductionregardlessoftheirstartingpoint.203.OGMP2.0deliversaconsistentandgloballyrecognizedfoundationforachievinghigh-qualitydata,whichdrives2020202120222023credibleemissionreductions.Thetruevalueliesnotonlyintheendresultsbutalsointheprocess.OGMP2.0projectednumberofnewcompaniesjoiningOGMP2.0untiltheendof2023.providesaprotocoltohelpcompaniessystematicallymanagetheirmethaneemissions,andoffersacredibleplatformformembercompaniestodemonstrateactualreductionstoindustrystakeholders.Byapplyingtheframeworkcomprehensively,fromthefoundationalmaterialityanalysistotheprogressiontoLevels4and5,assetmanagershavecompleteownershipandbuy-intotheirownunderstandingofemissions.Thisdetailedinformation,collectedwiththeinvolvementoftheassetmanagersthemselves,givesthemtheagencytotakedecisive,effectiveandcredibleactiontodrivedownglobalmethaneemissions.13UNEPIMEO2023ReportOGMP2.0isatrustedpartneracrossdiverse“Curbingmethanebycompaniesreallyjustamountsstakeholders.toprudentriskmanagementfortheinvestorsinvolved.OGMP2.0isawayforustolockinrealForinstitutionalinvestors,theOGMP2.0GoldStandardwinsintermsofinvestmentvalueaswellasslowinghasemergedasatrustedandcomprehensiveindicatorofglobalwarming.Regulationisbeingconsideredresponsiblemethaneemissionsmanagementwithinitsinsomejurisdictions,alignedwiththeParismembercompanies.InvestorshaveincreasinglyturnedAgreement,butcompanieseverywhereshouldacttothisframeworktogaugethecommitmentofthesenowincurbingtheirmethaneemissions.”organizationstomethaneemissionstewardship.Investorstraditionallyreliedonstandardizeddisclosures–EricChristianPedersen,HeadofResponsibleandthesustainabilityreportsofindividualcompaniestoInvestments,NordeaAssetManagementgaininsightsintothemethaneemissionsmanagementofcompaniesintheirinvestmentportfolio.However,Additionally,thepartnershiphasextendeditsreachbytheabsenceofconsistentanduniversallyacceptedwelcomingtheCleanAirTaskForce,aU.S.-basednon-informationdidnotallowforaclearcomparisonofgovernmentalorganization,asanon-companymember.relativeperformanceinmethaneemissionmitigation.OGMP2.0isnowafrequentlyreferencedstandardInresponsetothischallenge,investorssoughtamoreinvoluntaryandregulatoryframeworksalike.Forrobustsolution,andtheyfounditinOGMP2.0(Box5).example,thecertificationbodyEquitableOriginrequiresmembershipinOGMP2.0andGoldStandardreportingasBox5.OGMP2.0asanindicatorofperformanceprogressiveperformancetargetswithinitsGreenhouseGasEmissionsObjective,embeddedwithintheEO100TMOGMP2.0providesinvestorswithabinaryindicatorStandardforResponsibleEnergyDevelopment(Equitabletoassesscompanies’methaneperformance.Origin2022).Themeasurement-basedapproachofCompaniesthatachieveOGMP2.0GoldStandardOGMP2.0alsoguidestheproposedEuropeanMethanereportingcanbetrustedbyinvestorsasresponsibleRegulationfortheenergysector(EuropeanCommissionplayerswhenitcomestomethaneemissions2021)andthedraftMethaneIntensityVerificationrulemanagement.fortheU.S.stateofColorado(ColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironment2023).InclosecollaborationwithitspartnerEnvironmentalDefenseFund(EDF),andinpartnershipwiththeIMEOisactivelyengagedinacollaborationwiththeUNEPFinanceInitiative,OGMP2.0isengagingCOP28Presidencytobroadenitsinvolvementwithwithinvestorstoencouragecompaniestojointhebothnationalandinternationaloilcompanieswhilepartnership.In2023,OGMP2.0joinedforceswithsimultaneouslyembracingambitiousmethanereductionEDF,NordeaAssetManagement(thelargestassettargetsandmitigationstrategies.ownerinNorthernEurope),Amundi(thelargestassetownerinEurope)andtheCaliforniaStateTeachersRetirementSystem(thesecondlargestpensionfundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica)toorganizemeetingswithtargetcompaniesinselectedregionstoencouragethemtojoinOGMP2.0.“CalSTRSseesOGMP2.0asasymbolofcollectiveactionbytheindustrytoaddressmethane,andencouragesallupstream,midstreamandgasdistributioncompaniesinitsportfoliotoadopttheframework.It’sgoodfortheclimateandgoodforbusiness.”–AeishaMastagni,PortfolioManager,CaliforniaPhotocredit:EnvatoStateTeachersRetirementSystem14UNEPIMEO2023ReportOGMP2.0globalcoveragehasexpandedacrossAnotherareaofstronggrowthhasbeeninmembershipallsegments,butremainsrelativelylowinmanyfromnationaloilcompanies,withtheadditionofPetronas,regions.PetrobrasandPetroEcuador.NationaloilcompanieshaveacriticalroletoplayinachievingmethaneemissionOGMP2.0membersfrom68countriesnowjointlyrepresentreductions,sincetheyarethelargestproducersofoiland37percentofglobaloilandgasproduction,morethan80gasglobally,accountingformorethanhalfofoilandgaspercentofliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)liquefactioncapacity,productionandnearlytwo-thirdsofoilandgasreserves.around25percentofglobalnaturalgastransmissionandTheiruniquerelationshipwithnationalgovernmentsoffersdistributionpipelinesbylength,andmorethan20percentthemanopportunitytoinfluenceoilandgasinvestmentsofglobalundergroundstoragecapacity(Table3).andoperationsintheirhomecountries.Insomecases,thenationaloilcompanyfunctionsasthenationalregulator,Table3:CoverageofOGMP2.0memberassetsdefininglocalenvironmentalpractices.IndustrysegmentOperatedOperatedTheproductionsegmentsignificantlyexpandedmembershipassetsandnon-intheLatinAmericaandCaribbeanregion,whichbringsoperatedcoverageto52percentofoilandgasproduction,where37Production19%ofassetspercentofproductionisoperatedbyOGMP2.0members.(source:RystadEnergy2022)upstreamproduction37%ofLNGupstream(source:InternationalGroup26%ofproductionofLiquefiedNaturalGasnominalImporters2022)liquefaction81%ofcapacitynominalTransmissionanddistributionliquefactionpipelinesnotavailablecapacity(source:PakistanCreditRatingAgency2021)20%of25%ofglobalundergroundpipelinelengthUndergroundstoragestorage(source:InternationalGascapacity20%ofUnion2021)undergroundstoragecapacityIn2022,thepartnershipwelcomeditsfirstSouth-EastAsianmembercompany,PetronasofMalaysia.OGMP2.0hasalsoexpandedtopreviouslyunderrepresentedregionsandcountries.ThegreatestrelativeexpansionhasbeeninNorthAmerica,withtheU.S.membershipnearlydoublingto20(Table4).Europeanparticipationcontinuedtoseesteadygrowth,adding14newmembersinlate2022andthefirsthalfof2023acrossallsegments,includingRomgazandONE-Dyas.Table4:U.S.companymembershipofOGMP2.0USmembershipUpstreamAPACorporation,DiamondbackEnergy,EOGResources,PresidioPetroleum,CivitasResources,ConocoPhillips,CrescentEnergy,DevonEnergy,DiamondbackEnergy,DiversifiedEnergyCompany,Oxy,PDCEnergy,PioneerNaturalResources,PureWestEnergy,TRPEnergy,WapitiEnergy,EQTCorporation,JonahEnergyMidstreamCheniere,WilliamsPhotocredit:Envato15UNEPIMEO2023ReportOGMP2.0sawnotablegrowthincoverageofglobalLNG,comprehensivedataontherelativeemissionsintensitywiththeadditionofNigeriaLNGandCheniere.Althoughofproducingregionsareessential.Figure6depictstheupstreamproductionaccountsforthemajorityofemissions,OGMP2.0coverageoftheLNGvaluechain.ExceptforthecustomerleverageinLNGdestinationmarketshastheUnitedStatesofAmerica,duetoitsdeepliquidgasmarkets,potentialtostronglyinfluenceemissionperformance.theupstreamproductionismostlydedicatedtoeachHowever,toenablebuyerleverageindestinationmarkets,liquefactionplant.Figure6:LNGsupplychainsharecoveredbyOGMP2.0Source:IMEOanalysisUPSTREAMLIQUEFACTIONDESTINATIONMARKETAustraliaCoveredunderOGMP2.0QatarAsiaUSANotcoveredunderOGMP2.0OthersEUOthersCoveredunderOGMP2.0UnitedKingdomNotcoveredunderOGMP2.0Sources:GIIGNL2022AnnualReport,Rystad,IMEOowndataandanalysis.USAcoverage:assumingthesupplytotheplantsintheliquidUSAmarketequalsOGMP2.0membershipcoverage.16UNEPIMEO2023Report3.2ACommunityofPractice3.3DataQualityandUncertaintyLearningtogethertoimprovemitigationefficacy.Consistentemissiontrends,mostlyupstream,withstronglylaggingdatafornon-operatedOGMP2.0hasevolvedintoavibrantcommunityofassets.practice,benefitingbothnewandexistingmembers.Withinthisthrivingecosystem,knowledge-sharingamongFor2022,reportedmethaneemissionsacrossthemembershasbecomeinstrumentalinadvancingmethanepartnershiptotalled1.6milliontonnes.Theupstreammanagementpractices.Thiscollectivelearningservestosegmentwasresponsiblefor85percentoftheemissions,accelerateprogressacrosstheindustry.ormorethanfivetimestheemissionsofthemidanddownstreamsegmentsfromallassetsreportedunderTheintrinsicvalueofthecommunitywaspalpableattheOGMP2.0(Figure7).Thisdistributionpersistswheninauguralin-personOGMP2.0ImplementationConferenceemissionsareadjustedformembers’assettype.heldinMarch2023.Thiseventsawparticipationfrommorethan120representatives,comprisingbothcompaniesandFigure7:Shareofoilandgasmethaneemissionsbysegmentnon-companymembers.Theyengagedinjointproblem-typeasreportedthroughOGMP2.0andadjustedforsolving,sharingvaluableinsightsandbestpracticesinsegmentmembershipcoverageplenarysessionsandspecializedtechnicalbreak-outgroups.Thesesessionswerestrategicallyfocusedon100topicsthatwerejointlyidentifiedashighprioritiesforthepartnership.Thisincludedcriticalsubjectssuchasthe1520implementationofOGMP2.0reportingrequirements,companies’real-worldexperienceswithsite-level80measurementsandreconciliation,andtheengagementofjointventurepartners.60%shareoftheAsatestamenttocontinuedcollaboration,threenewTechnicalGuidanceDocuments(TGDs)wereapproved.emissionsforTheseTGDsspecificallyaddressthedetailedelementsoftheLNGvaluechain,encompassingshipping,liquefaction4085eachsegment80andregasification.ThisexpansionofresourcesbringsthetotalnumberofTGDswithinOGMP2.0to19,enhancing20thedepthandbreadthofguidanceavailabletomembersandstakeholders.AdditionalTGDsareunderdevelopment,EmissionsasreportedEmissionsreportedandTGDsdevelopedearlyinthepartnershipareunderthroughOGMP2.0(total:throughOGMP2.0evaluationforupdatingbasedonlearningsoverthelast1.6milliontonnesofCH4)adjustedforsegmentseveralyears.membershipcoverageUpstreamMidstreamandDownstreamBothoperatedandnon-operatedemissionsareincludedinthisbreakdown.Coverageadjustedemissionswerecalculatedbydividingtotalemissionsofeachsegmenttypebyglobalsegmentcoverage.Assettypesthatwereconsideredareupstreamproduction,LNGliquefaction,LNGregasification,undergroundstorage,shipping,transmissionanddistribution.OGMP2.0Foreachassetwithinthescope,companiesarerequiredImplementationtospecifythequantificationmethodologiesusedforConference2023.estimatingemissions.OGMP2.0recognizestheinherentPhoto:RicardodiversityinmethanemanagementpracticeandoffersaFernandez/IMEO2023structuredapproachforcompaniestoclassifytheirasset-levelreportingintofivedistinctreportinglevels(Box4).Inlinewiththeprinciplesunderpinningthereportingframework,companiesseektoprogressallassetsthathavematerialmethaneemissionstothehighestreportinglevels.Notably,companiesmayhaveassetsspanningmultiplereportinglevels,especiallyintheinitialstages.17UNEPIMEO2023ReportThesereportinglevelsreflectacombinationoftwotypesTable5:Emission-weightedaveragereportinglevelsbysegmentofimprovements:typeandoperatorshipofassets(includesallcompaniesfrom2023)1.Reportinggranularity,rangingfromasset-levelsingleSegmentOperatedNon-operatedvaluestogranular,source-levelreportingthathasbeenUpstream3.02.5qualityassuredthroughasset-levelreconciliationwithMidstream3.22.4independentsite-levelmeasurement.Downstream3.63.3Average3.12.52.Quantificationmethodologiesemployed,rangingfromgenericorsource-specificemissionfactors,Theyear-on-yearreportinglevelforacomparablegrouptoengineeringcalculations,tosimulations,todirectofcompaniescontinuestogrowconsistentlywiththemeasurements.implementationplansprovidedbythecompanies.ThisisevidencedbycomparingaveragereportinglevelsforCollectively,thesereportinglevelscompaniesthatreportedinboth2023and2022;fortheseprovideaprimaryindicatorofcompanies,theaveragereportinglevelhasincreased,asincreasingdataqualityandreducedshowninTable6.uncertainty.Table6:AveragereportinglevelsforcompaniesthatreportedinAsexpected,theaveragereportinglevel,whichfornowisboth2022and2023(operatedassetsonly)theonlyquantifiableindicatorofthequalityoftheOGMP2.0data,hasdecreasedinaggregateduetotheoverallgrowthSegmentAveragereportinglevelinmembership,wherenewmembercompaniesgenerallyreportatlowerlevels.However,uponmoredetailedUpstream20222023inspection,theyear-on-yearreportingforcompaniesMidstreamprogressingwithinthepartnershipshowsanincreaseintheDownstream3.23.4averagereportinglevel.3.33.73.03.6TheupstreamsectorsawarobustincreaseinthetotalForexample,theshareofupstreamemissionsfromemissionsreported,with12newcompaniesreportingtheiroperatedassetsreportedatLevel4increasesfrom3peryear1emissionsand3additionalcompaniesvoluntarilycentforcompaniesintheirfirstyearto45percentforreportingaheadoftheirdeadlinetosubmitafirstannualcompaniesintheirsecondyear.Thisisinlinewiththereport.However,emissionreportinglevelsinaggregateOGMP2.0timelinestoreachGoldStandardreportingwithincontinuetobemoderate(lackingsignificantmeasurement-threeyearsforoperatedassetsandfiveyearsfornon-basedemissiondata)foroperatedassetsandlowfornon-operatedassets.operatedassets.In2022,45percentofreportedupstreamemissionswereTable5showstheevolutionoftheaveragereportinglevelsfromnon-operatedassets(Figure8).Butmanyothernon-achievedin2023byOGMP2.0companies’assets,byoperatedupstreamassetsdidnotprovidedatayet.Asasegmenttypeandoperatorship.result,theshareofemissionsfromnon-operatedassetswilllikelyriseinthefutureasmoreassetsreportmeasuredemissions.Figure8:EmissionsreportedthroughOGMP2.0bysegmenttypeandoperatorshipofassets,2022.Methaneemissions(Mt)0.20.40.60.811.21.41.61.8UpstreamoperatedMidstreamoperatedDownstreamoperatedUpstreamnon-operatedMidstreamnon-operatedDownstreamnon-operated18UNEPIMEO2023Report3.4Findings:EmissionsbyRegion3.5Findings:QuantificationMethodologiesOGMP2.0coversadiverseportfolioofassetsineachregion.Asset-specificmethodsforquantifyingmethaneemissions,especiallypairedwithsite-levelTherapidgrowthinOGMP2.0membershipoverthepastmeasurementsandreconciliation,arecriticaltothreeyearspredictablyhasledtoadiversemixofoilandachievingemissionreductions.gasassetsbeingcoveredacrossworldregions.Majorassetsfromeveryregionareincluded.Forexample,EuropeOGMP2.0hasevolvedintoavibrantcommunityofistheonlyregionforOGMP2.0datawherethemembershippractice,benefitingbothnewandexistingmembers.includesamajorityofmidstreamassetsandaminorityWithinthisthrivingecosystem,knowledge-sharingamongofupstreamassets(Figure9).Conversely,OMGP2.0membershasbecomeinstrumentalinadvancingmethanecoveragefortheUnitedStatesofAmericaisdominatedbymanagementpractices.Thiscollectivelearningservestoproduction-related(upstream)emissions,limitedmidstreamaccelerateprogressacrosstheindustry.assetsandnodownstreamassets.RecruitmenteffortsfornewcompaniesarefocusingonexpandingcoverageAscompaniesimprovetheirLevel4reportingofmethaneandleveragingtheinterconnectedstructureoftheindustryemissions,quantificationmethodsatthesourcethroughjointventures.levelcontinuetoevolve(Box6).Detailedengineeringcalculationsappeartobepreferred,atleastforthefirstsourcestotransitiontoLevel4reporting.ThismaybebecauseitissimplertouseLevel4methodsthatareengineering-based.Whetherthisisanindicationofamoresystematicpreference,orsimplyatransitioneffect,isnotknownatthistime.Figure9:Totalreportedmethaneemissions(tonnes)bysegment,regionandoperatorshipofassets,2022.Reportedtonnesofmethane600000500000400000300000200000100000AfricaAsiaandCentralEuropeLatinNorthMiddlethePacificAsiaAmericaandAmericaEastUpstreamoperatedtheCaribbeanUpstreamnon-operatedMidstreamoperatedDownstreamoperatedMidstreamnon-operatedDownstreamnon-operated19UNEPIMEO2023ReportAcrossallassetsegments,engineeringcalculationsBox6.Casestudy:IncreasingthedataqualityremainthedominantLevel4methodforquantifyingforamoreeffectivemitigationstrategyventedemissions,althoughmeasurementsusinggasflowmeteringarebecomingmoreprevalentforsometypesofOneofOGMP2.0’sU.S.membercompaniesventedemissionsintheupstreamsector.comparedLevel3andLevel4reportingforits2022methaneemissions.Level3emissionswereForstationarycombustion,companiesaredevelopingestimatedbasedongenericemissionfactors(U.S.asset/equipment-specificemissionfactors,whichareEnvironmentalProtectionAgencySubpartW),andappliedincombinationwithflowmetermeasurementsandLevel4emissionswerequantifiedaccordingtogascompositionanalysis.asset-specificmethods(measurements,simulationtoolsanddetailedengineeringcalculations).Fugitiveemissionsareobservedduringleakdetectioninspections(“leakdetectionandrepair”orLDARcampaigns)TheoperatorfoundthatLevel4reportedemissionsusingtechnologiessuchasFlameIonisationDetectorwere2.3timeshigherthanLevel3estimates(FID)andopticalgasimaging,whichfrequentlyquantify(Figure10)andyieldedsubstantiallydifferentemissionsforallorasubsetofleakswithaspecialtypeofsourceattributionsfortheemissions(Figure11).OGIcamerathatprovidesquantificationestimates(qOGI).ThisconfirmsthatempiricalmeasurementsleadItisalsopossibletocombinedetectionwithmeasurementtoamateriallyimprovedassessmentofemissions,usingaHi-FlowSamplerorwithcorrelationfactorsincludedwithfurtherimprovementsexpectedatLevel5.inrecognizedinternationalstandards.IfnotallleaksareResearchfromStanfordUniversityconfirmsthatquantifieddirectly,companiesconductmeasurementsforU.S.assets,nearlyafactortwoincreaseintheonarepresentativesampleofthecomponentstoobtainemissioninventorycanbeexpectedinthisprocessmeasurement-basedemissionfactors.(Rutherfordetal.2021).Indistributiongrids,duetothecomplexityofundergroundThisimprovedemissiontransparencyisallowingleaksinurbanenvironmentsandrestrictionsassociatedthecompanytodesignthemostcost-effectivewithlocaljurisdictions,operatorsoftenusemathematicalmethanereductionstrategybytargetingcapitaltoformulasderivedfromtheoreticalfluiddynamicstoreducethelargestactualemissionsources.estimateemissions.Nevertheless,severalcompaniesaretriallingnewapproachesfordirectquantification,particularlythroughtheuseofsensorsmountedonvehiclesthatcantravelthroughurbanandruralareas.Figure10:SharesofreportedLevel3andLevel4Figure11:ComparisonofreportedLevel3andLevel4emissions,bysource,2022.emissionssource,inabsoluteterms,2022FugitiveComponentandLevel3%Level4%FugitiveComponentEquipmentLeaks53%16%aFungdFitEuivqgeuitiCipvomemeCpnootmnLepenoatknasenndtVenting-Naturalgasdriven16%11%EquaipnmdeEnqtuLiepamkesntLeakspneumaticequipment16%29%VpVneeennVuttiimennnggat-ti-niNcNgaae-ttquuNurraiapltlumggraaeasnlsdgtdrairvsivedenrnivenStationaryCombustion8%3%pnepunmeautmicaetqicuiepqmueipnmtent5%2%SSttaattSiiootanntaairoryynCaCoroymmCbbouumsstbtiiouonsntionVenting-Wellliquidsunloading2%35%VenVtienngti-nWge-lWlleiqlluliidqsuids0%4%uVnelnoutainndlgoina-gWdinelglliquidsunloadingVenting-TanksVVeennVttiiennnggt-i-nTTgaan-nkTksasnksFlaring-IncompletecombustionFIFnllaacrroFIiinnmnlagcgpro-ilmneIngtpecloeCmtoepmClebotumescbtiouomsntbiounstionVenVtienngt-inOOgtthh-eeOrrtherVenting-OtherInabInsoalbusteoltuetremtsertmhesLtheeveLle4vel4emisesmioisnssiownesrewreerpeorretpedorttoedbetobeLeveLle3vel3LeveLle4vel42.3x2o.3fxthoafttohfatthoefLtheeveLle3v.el3.20UNEPIMEO2023Report3.6CompanyHighlights•StorengyFrancesubmittedarobustandcredibleStoriesofprogressbyOGMP2.0memberimplementationplan.Thecompanyperformedsite-companies.levelmeasurementsforoneofitsassets,includingongoingreconciliationofsource-levelquantificationMeasurementchampionsandsite-levelmeasurements,aswellasanassessmentoftheassociateduncertainty.StorengyFrancewas•ConocoPhillipsprovidedadetailedandtransparentparticularlytransparentinitsreporting,includingdetaileddescriptionsandgraphicsofassets.implementationplanandreporting.Thecompany’srobustimplementationplanincludesspecializedeffortsPhotocredit:Envatoforeachregionthatconsidertechnologiesbestsuitedforeachmajoremissionsourceperregion,includingdetailedplansforsiteselectiontobeusedinmeasurementcampaigns.ConocoPhillipsalsoprovidedanexcellentdescriptionofitsapproachtodatareconciliation.Itsuppliedadetailedassessmentofcurrentreportinglevelsofnon-operatedjointventurecompanies,andofpotentialcollaborationandengagementwithnon-operatedjointventureoperatorsandshareholders.•Energinet’sreportingsetsahighleveloftransparency.GroupeffortsandmembercollaborationstoacceleratelearningsEachofthecompany’sassetswasreportedseparatelyanddescribedindetail.Thisconfirmsthatsome•Cheniere,EQTandWilliamsaresponsoringtheEnergyOGMP2.0emissionsourcesarenotpresent,andprovidesanorder-of-magnitudecheckoftheemissionandEmissionsModelingDataLab,amultidisciplinaryprofile.Energinetsubmittedarobustandcredibleresearchandeducationinitiativetoprovidereliable,implementationplantoachieveGoldStandardreportingscience-based,transparent,measurement-informedinyear3.methaneassessmentsbydevelopingpubliclyavailablemodelsanddatasets.•Equinorputinplaceanambitiousplantoensure•AgroupofEuropeanmidstreamoperatorslaunchedarobusttechnologytestingandearlypiloting,aswellasanimpressiveefforttodevelopLevel4methodsandnewphaseoftheEuropeanGasResearchGroup(GERG)toolsforallassetsthatwillexpediteandfacilitatedataprojecttoimproveknowledgeonhowtoreconcilereconciliation.estimationsofsource-andsite-levelmethaneemissionsatmidstreamsites.Testsincluded11differentcutting-•ItalgassubmittedoneofthemostambitiousedgetechnologiesandtookplaceatatransmissioncompressorstationoperatedbyFluxys.Theprojectimplementationplansforitsdownstreamassets.iscoordinatedbyEnagásandsupportedbyGasunie,Thecompanyperformedsite-levelmeasurementsinGRTgaz,Medgaz,OpenGridEurope,Snam,Storengy,itscompletenetworkandisalreadyworkingondataandUniper,amongothers.reconciliation.Inaddition,Italgasistestingseveralsite-leveltechnologies,designingproof-of-conceptandsettingupanewtestfieldforcontrolledgasreleasesindistributioninstallations.•Jonahshowedacontinuedcommitmenttofollow•TheGermantransmissionsystemoperatorsareitsimplementationplan,includingimpressivestepscollaboratingtoimprovetheirunderstandingofsite-levelinsite-levelmeasurementsandattemptingdatatechnologiesanddatareconciliation.Theywillbetestingreconciliation,acquiringmeasurementtechnologies,asetoftechnologiesatdifferenttypesoftransmissionandconductingexpansivemeasurementcampaignsinstallations.onasignificantportionofemissionsources.Jonah’sapproachtoattainGoldStandardreportingbythethird•TwogroupsofdistributionsystemoperatorsestablishedyeariscommendableandconfirmsthatLevel5iswellwithinreachforsmalleroperators.Thecompany’scollaborationintheirrespectivecountries,andtogetherapproachincludesthoughtfulconsiderationofsampletheyareachievingmorethaneachcouldindividually.size,measurementcampaigndesign,andmeasurementThisrevealsthatgoodgovernanceandtheabilitytoworkuncertaintiesandtheirrespectivedetectionthresholds.togethercanfast-trackimprovementsinquantificationmethodsandoverallreportingquality.21UNEPIMEO2023Report•InGermany,theThügaGroup(EnergienetzeBayern,otheroperators.Cheniereoptednottosetaperformancetargetforitsinitialimplementationplanand2022annualSchwabenNetz,ThügaEnergienetze),EWENETZandreportbeforecompletingitsQMRVstudies.Netze-GesellschaftSüdwestpartneredandestablishedaresearchprojectatthenationalleveltodevelop•Naftogazhasgreatlyimproveditsreporting,especiallymeasurement-basedemissionfactorsforbothbelow-groundpipelinesandabove-groundfacilities.Companieswithincreasedgranularityofdata.However,duetoarealsocollaboratingtotestsite-levelmeasurementsthedifficultcircumstancesrelatedtotheRussianandworkondatareconciliation.Federation’swarinUkraine,itwasnotpossibleforthecompanytosetareductiontarget.•IntheNetherlands,Coteq,Enexis,Liander,NVRENDO,SignificantprogressStedinandWestlandworkedtogethertoeffectivelyco-createimplementationplans.Theywerealsoableto•ChinaGashasseenmajorimprovementsinitscarryoutandshareresultstosetmeasurement-basedemissionfactorsforthedifferentsourcesofmethanereportingsince2021intermsofdataqualityandemissionsatthenationallevel.overallengagement.ThecompanyemploysavarietyofquantificationmethodsandalsosetanemissiontargetAll-starsofnon-operatedjointventureengagementfornon-operatedjointventures(astepthatisencouragedbytheframeworkforallmembers).•TotalEnergieshassubmittedoneofthemost•Ecopetrolisoneofthecompaniesreportingatthecomprehensivestrategiesforengagingitsnon-operatedjointventures.Thecompanyhasprovideddetailedhighestlevelofassetgranularity.Itisalsoundertakinginformationonhowitissupporting,progressingandsite-levelmeasurementswithdifferenttechnologies.collaboratingwitheachnon-operatedjointventure.Ithasalsoprovideddetailedobservationsonitsreconciliation•ENIgreatlyimproveditsimplementationplan,especiallyattemptsandagapanalysisprocess.Inaddition,TotalEnergiesisprovidingtechnologyaccessandwithrespecttomaterialityanalysisanddetailedplanningsupporttoitsnon-operatedjointventureoperators.forthesource-levelquantification.Recognizedendeavours•EweGasspeichershowednoteworthyyear-on-year•AspartofitsQuantification,Monitoring,Reportingimprovementinitsreporting.NotonlydidthecompanymoveallofitsassetsfromLevel3toLevel4,butitalsoandVerification(QMRV)project,Cheniereistakingupdateditstargettobemoreambitiousandpreparedaimpressivestepstotestmultipleemissionmeasurementsoundimplementationplan.methods,modelsandtechnologiesinanefforttoprovidemoreaccurate,timelyandmeasurement-informed•Repsolgreatlyimprovedthequalityofitsimplementationemissioninventoriesnotonlyonitsinstallations,butalsoalongitscompletevaluechainincollaborationwithplanandthetransparencyofitsreporting,inparticularwiththeinformationprovidedondivestmentsandonnon-operatedjointventureengagementandcollaboration.Photocredit:Envato22UNEPIMEO2023Report3.7CompanyPerformanceTargets3.8DivestmentThemajorityofcompaniessetintensityIn2022,49OGMP2.0assetsreportedbyperformancetargetsfortheirupstreamassets.membersweredivestedoverwhelminglyoutsidethepartnership.Upstreamcompaniespreferintensitytargets.ThisgenerallyreflectsthenatureoftheupstreambusinesswhereAttimes,OGMP2.0membercompaniesdivestassetsthatcompanyproductionportfolioisquitedynamicyearoverarewithinthescopeofOGMP2.0tonon-OGMP2.0memberyearandthebusinessexpectationtendstobegrowthcompanies.Thismeansthattheseassetsaresubtractedoriented.Accordingly,manyoperatorspreferintensity-fromthecompany’sassetsforwhichthemeasurementbasedtargetstoleaveroomforproductiongrowthovertimeofmethaneemissionsisonacontinuouspathofwithanemphasisonproducingfuturebarrelswithgreaterimprovement,andthataresubjecttotheperformanceemissionsefficiencythanhistoricalperformance.Whiletargetofthecompany.Thevisibilityandaccountabilityofthisisunderstandablefromabusinessperspective,itisthoseassetsislost.ItisthusimportanttotrackthenumberatoddswiththedecarbonizationeffortsneededtokeepofassetsdivestedoutsidethescopeofOGMP2.0.theaveragetemperatureincreaseto1.5degreesCelsius.Further,generallyacceptedindustryconvention,suchasIn2022,49assetswerereportedasdivestedbynineOGMPthemethaneintensitytargetsofOGCI,NGSIandothers2.0companymembers,with96percentofthemupstreamhave,proposedintensity-basedtargetsforseveralyearsandthemajoritydivestedoutsidethepartnership,asforupstream.Conversely,thereisapreferenceforabsoluteevidencedbypublicdata.Table7summarizestheregionalreductiontargetsforthemidanddownstream,whichtendtoandoperationaldistributionofthoseassets.havemorestableassetportfoliosyearoveryear(Figure12).HalfoftheOGMP2.0membercompaniesreportemissionsTable7:AssetsdivestedbyOGMP2.0membersin2022for2022thatarealreadybelowtheir2025target.However,thismayreflectthefactthatactualemissionsmaybeTotalOperatedNon-higherthanhistoricallyreportedvaluesbasedongenericOperatedmethodsforestimatingemissions.ItisexpectedthatAfrica1239companieswillreviewandpotentiallyratchetuptheir38targetsinthenextfewyearsoncetheyhaveachievedAsiaandPacific11011OGMP2.0GoldStandardreporting.13Russia1112Europe40134LatinAmericaand31138theCaribbeanPhotocredit:EnvatoMiddleEast1NorthAmerica7Global49Figure12:ChoiceofcompanytargetsamongOGMP2.0members,bysegment,bycompany(notadjustedtoemissionsvolumes).Overall58%42%Upstream24%76%MidstreamDownstream76%24%74%26%102030405060708090100Absolute-e.g.In2025ouremissionwillbe20%lowerthanin2015Intensity-e.g.In2025ourmethaneemissionswillbe0.25%ofallthegaswesell23UNEPIMEO2023Report04MethaneScienceUpdate4.1IMEO’sScienceApproachdevelopmentandexpandingcapacityinresearchinstitutions,toprovidethecompaniesthatneedtoactuallymitigatetheReducinguncertaintyinmagnitudeandlocationemissionswithmoreguidanceandstrongerlocalpartners.ofmethaneemissionsbasedonmulti-scalemeasurements.Therearefivecoreguidingprinciplesofthestudies,whicharethebasisfortheintegrityofIMEO’ssciencework:ThegoalofIMEO’ssciencestudiesistoreducetheuncertaintyinthelocationandmagnitudeofmethane1.Studiesareledbyacademic/researchscientists.emissionsthroughmeasurementstudiespublishedin2.Studiesemploymultiplemeasurementandemissionthepeer-reviewedliteratureandthereconciliationofmeasurement-basedemissiondata.Thestudiesfocusquantificationmethodologieswheneverpossible.mainlyongeographicalregionsand/orsourcesforwhich3.Thefullscientificprocess–fromscopingofthestudythereislimitedornopubliclyavailableempiricallybasedemissiondata(Figure13).Theirobjectiveistoimprovetopublication–isreviewedbyanindependentpaneltheunderstandingofemissionpatternsand/ortoguideofscientificexpertsinIMEO’sScientificOversightmitigationaction.ThestudiesallowformethodologyCommittee(SOC).4.Allemissionmeasurementdataaremadepubliclyavailable.5.Resultsarepublishedinpeer-reviewedjournals.Figure13:OngoingandpublishedIMEOstudies.4161575117952082451859Globalstudies1935CompletedstudiesOilandgasstudy210Coalstudy13Wastestudy2Multi-sector2225142123261112Todate,UNEPhaslaunched34studiesincollaborationsciencestudies(includingoneproposaladdingasolidwith31academicandresearchinstitutionsacross19wastecomponenttotheexistingOmanstudy),andatotalcountries,leadingtothepublicationof20peer-reviewedofeightpapershavebeenpublishedsincethepublicationpapers,while23studiesareongoing.In2023,IMEO’softhelastIMEOannualreport–withanadditionaltwoScientificOversightCommitteeapprovedeightnewpapersexpectedbytheendof2023.24UNEPIMEO2023Report4.2OilandGasMethaneScienceBox7.NordStream:MakingsenseofdiverseStudiesmethanemeasurementsReducingtheuncertaintyinoilandgasOnSeptember26,2022,explosionsoftheemissionsacrosskeyregions.underwaterNordStreamtwinpipelinesystemsresultedintheleakageoffossilgastotheTheoilandgassciencestudiescontinuetocollectpolicy-atmosphere.Theincidentpromptedseveralrelevantdatatoimprovetheunderstandingofkeyemittingscientificresearchgroupstoestimatethemethaneregionsandsegmentsoftheoilandgassupplychain.Asanemissionsfromthisevent,leadingtonumerousexampleofthis,Innocentietal.(2023)collectedempiricalemissionestimatespublishedinnewsoutletsanddataonLNGliquefactionandregasificationfacilitiesacrossscientificjournals.Understandably,theseestimatesdifferentworldregions.AlthoughmoredataareneededtowerepublishedrapidlyandshowedconsiderablefullycharacterizeemissionsfromtheLNGsegment,thisdivergenceduetothediversityofassumptionsstudyunderscorestheimportanceofempiricaldata;priorusedtocalculateemissions.Basedontheseinitialtothestudy,mostemissionsestimatesforLNGsiteswereestimates,IMEOpublishedadraftworkingpaperbasedonemissionfactorsandengineeringcalculations.thatintegratedtheexistingestimatestogenerateaThestudyalsohighlightsthepresenceofhighemissionsplausiblewiderangeoftotalemissionsof75-230relatedtoequipmentleaksandlargenon-continuouskilotonnesofmethane(UNEP2023).Thisfindingsourcesthatdemonstratethecontinuingneedforfull-indicatedthattheeventcouldpotentiallybethesitesurveyingforleakdetection,maintenanceandrepairlargestobservedreleaseofmethaneintotheprocessestominimizeemissions.atmospherefromasingleevent.Similarly,significantprogresshasbeenmadeinintegratingFollowinguponthisinitialeffort,IMEOcollaboratedmulti-scalemeasurement-basedemissionsestimates,withmorethan20internationalresearchgroupssuchasdescribedintheNordStreamexampleinBoxthathaveestimatedmethaneemissionsfrom7.InRomania,theROMEOproject(RomanianMethanetheNordStreamexplosiontoproduceamoreEmissionsfromOil&Gas)–whichincludedresearchersrefinedemissionsestimate.TheseresearchfromtenEuropeanUnioninstitutions–deployedseveralgroupsapplieddiverseestimationmethodologiesmeasurement-basedapproaches(i.e.,tocharacterizeincludingphysicalvolumetriccalculations(bottom-emissionsatacomponent,facilityandbasinscale)duringaupestimates)andsea-based,tower,aerialandfieldcampaignthattookplaceintheautumnof2019.Threesatellitemeasurements(top-downestimates).papers(Delreetal.2022;Korbeńetal.2022;Menoudetal.Thewiderangeofresultsreflectedvariationsin2022)werepublishedin2022usingdatacollectedduringassumptionsandthetypesofobservationsmade,thefieldcampaign,andanadditionalpaper(Stavropoulounecessitatingharmonizationintoamorefullyetal.2023)waspublishedin2023thatintegratedsite-levelintegratedassessment.Tofacilitatethisprocess,andsource-leveldata.Inthatpaper,researchersfoundthatIMEOhascoordinateddata-sharingamongoilproductionsitesinSouthernRomaniaemitatleast2.5researchorganizations.Theresultingprojectwilltimesmoremethanethanpreviouslyreported.Importantly,besubmittedforpublicationinapeer-reviewedthesynthesisofcollecteddataidentifiedventingandscientificjournal.equipmentleaksaskeymitigationopportunitiesfortheRomanianoilproductionsector;similarsourcesand4.3CoalMethaneScienceStudiesabatementoptionscanbeexpectedforotheroilproductionregions.Additionalongoingworkwillintegrateairborne-basedmeasurements.Establishinganapproachforcomparingtop-downandbottom-upcoalminemethaneemissionestimates.Photocredit:SNAMMethaneemissionsfromcoalminingaccountforaround15percentoftotalglobalanthropogenicmethaneemissions,releasingaround43milliontonnesofmethaneintotheatmosphereannually(Saunoisetal.2020).Improvingthecharacterizationofsourcesofcoalminemethaneemissionsisnecessarytohelpprioritizethemitigationeffortsofcompaniesandgovernments.Emissionsources25UNEPIMEO2023Report(e.g.surfacemines,ventilationshaftsanddrainingstations)4.4LookingForwardhavevastlydifferentspatial-temporalbehavioursthatrequiredifferentmanagementapproaches.Fillingkeyemissionsdatagaps.IMEOhasinitiatedaCoalMineMethaneScienceStudiesThefocusofIMEO’ssciencestudieshasbeentheoil,gasProgramtoimproveunderstandingofmethaneemissionsandcoalsectors(seeTable8andTable9),withinitialfromthecoalsector.Theprimary,althoughnotexclusive,scopingofstudiesthatincludeothersectors,suchasfocusisonmetallurgicalcoalmines,whicharepartoftheIMEO’sbaseliningstudiesandinitialworkwithtop-downsteelindustrysupplychainandcontributeonaverageone-quantificationofemissionsfromCanadianlandfills.Futurethirdoftheclimatefootprintofsteel(seesection1.5).IMEOscientificworkwillalsofocusonimprovingthecharacterizationofkeyemissionsourcesandadvancingThegoalsofthecoalsciencestudiesinclude:1)establishandhomogenizingrobusttestingandvalidationofmethaneanapproachforcomparingtop-downandbottom-upmonitoringtechnologies.Therewillbeaparticularfocusoncoalminemethaneemissionquantificationandreportingflaringefficiency,astheevidencesuggeststhatthissourceviacollaborationofexpertsinbottom-upandtop-downissignificantlyunder-reported(Plantetal.2022).methodsaswellasmineoperators;2)applytheapproachindifferentcountriesusinglocalandsatellitestudies,InitialscopingofIMEObaseliningstudiesreconciletop-downandbottom-upresults,andcharacterizeuncertainties;and3)subjecttodataavailabilityatrequiredOverthepastdecade,severalmethanemeasurement-scaleanddetectionlimit,quantifycoalminemethanebasedapproachesatthesite/facility,regional,andcountryemissionsusingsatellitestudiesinadditionalcountriesscaleshaveprovidedrobustemissionestimatestoasameanstowardsderivinganempiricallybasedglobalquantifycurrentemissions,trackchangesovertimeandestimateofcoalminemethaneemissions.identifykeysourcesofemissions.Thesite/facilityandregional-scaleapproacheshavebeenlargelyappliedtoThesciencestudiesbeganwithaliteraturereviewthatcharacterizemethaneemissionsassociatedwiththeoilidentifiedcurrentgapsinunderstandingofglobalcoalandgasvaluechain.Thesetop-downapproacheshaveminemethaneemissions.Thereviewhighlightedthereliedonground-basedmobilemeasurements,airborne-dynamicnatureofcoalminemethaneemissionsources,basedmeasurements,towernetworksandsatellitewhichcanshowsignificantdivergenceamongdifferentremotesensing.Existingmethodologiesarenowmaturemines.Itfurthernotedthehighlyvariablenatureoftheenoughtoberapidlydeployedandwillprovideaccurateemissionsatagivenmineovertime,giventhatcoalminingestimatesofemissionsifappliedconsistentlywiththeisadynamicprocess.Theliteraturereviewalsoevidencedassumedconditions(e.g.thesamplingfrequencycapturesalackofbottom-uptotop-downcomparativeanalysisorpotentialvariabilityinemissionsandthemethodemploysreconciliation.representative/unbiased/stratifiedsampling).Toaddressthesepoints,twofieldstudieswerelaunchedinIMEOisintheinitialscopingphaseofasetofcountryPolandandAustraliain2022,bothwithdifferentmulti-scalebaseliningstudiesthatwillcouplemulti-scale,regional-measurementapproaches,includingsatelliteandaeriallevel,top-downmeasurementswithmoredetailedsite-components.Thetechniquesfromthesestudieswillprovidelevelmeasurementsthatincludemoregranularanalysisafullerpictureofemissionsfromcoalmines.ofbottom-updata.TheworkwillbeledbylocalsectoralexpertswithafocusonimprovingtheunderstandingofkeyOneoftheexpectedfactorsrequiringcarefulexaminationmethaneemissionsourcesrelevantineachcountry.relatestotemporalvariabilityofemissionsandthereportingmethodsappliedacrosscountries.EstablishingaprotocolInitially,acountrywitharobustmethanemeasurementforcomparingcoalminemethaneemissionestimatescapacityandminimallogisticalconstraintswillbeselectedbasedontop-downandbottom-upapproachesandtotesttheapplicabilityofexistingapproachesacrossallreportedvaluesisapathtowardsenabling1)verificationsectorsandimprovemethodologieswhereneeded;thisinofcurrentlyreportedglobalcoalminemethaneemissions,turncaninformhowtoeffectivelycollecthigh-qualitydata2)verificationofreportingoffuturemitigationactivities,3)inothercountries.Forexample,thesestudiesrequireacharacterizationofuncertaintiesrelatedtobottom-upandstraightforwardprocesstoobtainmeasurement/flightpermitstop-downapproaches,and4)potentialre-assessmentoftheandtheavailabilityofscientificinstruments.However,themagnitudeofmitigationacrossworldregions.focusofthebaseliningstudieswillmostlybecountrieswheredataqualityonmethaneemissionsisrelativelylowandwherelimitedempiricallybasedemissiondataareavailable.IMEOwillselectthecountriesinconsultationwithstakeholders.26UNEPIMEO2023ReportSpecifically,robusttop-downmeasurement-basedBox8.Single-blindvalidationofmethane-approachesformeasuringsomenon-fossilsourcessensingtechnologiesstillneedtobedeveloped,suchasforricefields.IMEO’sbaseliningstudieswillallocateresourcestofacilitateandAccuratequantificationofmethaneemissionsadvancethiswork.iscrucialforbothtrackingmitigationandtoinformregulatorydecision-making.Therefore,TowardsarobustvalidationofmethanemonitoringmethodologiesclaimingtoquantifymethanetechnologiesemissionsrequireindependentandrigorousvalidationtogiveconfidenceandreassuranceIthasbeenencouragingtoseethatagrowingnumberofthataccuratereportingofemissionsthroughmethanemonitoringserviceprovidersoffertechnologiesmeasurementisviable.capableofdetectionandquantificationofmethaneemissions.TheseserviceprovidersoftenclaimthatInmid-2024,acontrolledreleaseprogrammewilltheirtechnologiesarereadyandfitforpurposetodeliverbeconductedattheTotalEnergiesTADIfacilityinmeasurement-basedestimatesofmethaneemissionsataLacq,Franceandrunbythehighlyexperiencedvarietyofsitetypologies.ManyoftheseserviceprovidersStanfordresearchteam(e.g.Sherwinetal.2021).haveconductedsomeformof“controlledrelease”testing;Thecampaignisplannedtolastfourweeks,withhowever,thereisalackoftransparencyandconsistencyparticipantsexpectedtojoinforaweektotesttheiracrosstestingmethodstoassesstherobustnessofmethanequantificationcapabilityagainstarangetechnologieswithintegrity.ofcontrolledmethanereleaseratesandinvaryingmeteorologicalconditions.TheprogrammewillbeAscountriesandindustriesadoptmeasurement-basedasingle-blindvalidationofmethanesensingandestimationapproaches(e.g.OGMP2.0,themethanefeequantificationtechnologieswithtestingofaircraft,undertheUSInflationReductionAct,anddraftmethanedroneandground-basedsensors.regulationsintheEuropeanUnion),itwillbenecessarytoensurethatthemethodsthatareusedtodetectDuringtheprogramme,theparticipantswillnotbeandquantifytheemissionsarerobustlytraceableandprovidedanyinformationontheratesofmethanecomparabletoeachother.released.Studyparticipantsthenreportdetectionandquantificationresultsblindedtoanyground-Arobusttestingprotocolthatdefineshowtestingistruthinformationontheratesofmethanerelease.conductedandhowresultsaredisclosediscriticalMeasurementswillbeundertakenwiththreegoalsforreporteddatatohavecredibility.Itisapplicabletoforeachparticipatinggroup:1)determiningthemethanemonitoringserviceproviders,regulators,andfalsepositiverate,2)estimatingtheminimumthescientificcommunityandisbestledbytheglobaldetectionthresholdand3)estimatingthemetrologycommunity.IMEOisexpandingcurrentsingle-quantificationaccuracy.blindvalidationeffortsgeographically(Box8)andwillbeconveningthemetrologycommunitytoleadandBringingthistypeofoperationtoEuropetoallowcoordinatethedevelopmentofasetofrecommendationsteamsinvolvedinmethaneemissionquantificationofbestpracticesforcontrolledreleasetestingfortotestandvalidatetheirmethodologiesiskeyinmethaneemissiondetectionandquantification.Thesestartingtoensurethatalloperators(bothacademicrecommendationscanthenserveasthebasisofregulatoryandcommercial)haveequityinopportunitytorequirementsandindustrybestpractices.takepartintheseintercomparisonexperimentsandtobenchmarktheirperformance.ResultswillbepublishedinasimilarmannertoU.S.-basedStanfordexperimentsinopen-accesspeer-reviewedjournalstoallowfulldisclosureonperformance.Photocredit:PDCEnergy27UNEPIMEO2023ReportImprovingthecharacterizationofmethaneemissionsIMEOispartneringwiththeWorldBank’sGlobalGasFlaringfrominefficientflaringReductionPartnershiptoimprovethecharacterizationofmethaneemissionsfromflaringacrossproductionAdditionalscientificworkisneededtoassessflaringregions.TheworkwillfocusonreducingtheuncertaintyinefficiencyandtheprevalenceofunlitflaresinregionsdestructionremovalefficiencyestimatesbasedondirectoutsidetheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Arecentstudymeasurements,identifyingtherootcausesofinefficient(Plantetal.2022)basedondirectmeasurementsofflarescombustionandunlitflareoccurrence,andimprovinginU.S.onshoreproductionregionsfoundthatbothunlitmeasurement-basedapproachestodetectandquantifyflaresandinefficientcombustioncontributecomparablyemissionsfromflaring(e.g.satellite-baseddataproducts).toineffectivemethaneremoval–withflareseffectivelydestroyingonaverageonly91percentofmethane.This►OrganizationsthatareinterestedincollaboratingmeansthatnearlyfivetimesmoremethaneisreleasedtowithIMEOonmethaneresearchmayapplyfortheatmospherefromflaresthanispresentlyassumed(i.e.,support,includingaccesstodata,scientificreviewbasedoncurrentassumptionsfromtheoilandgasindustryandfunding.Applicationsareavailableat:thattheflareisalwayslitandthatthedestructionefficiencyisabove98percent).http://www.unep.org/explore-topics/energy/what-we-do/methane/imeo-methane-science-studiesTable8:SummaryofIMEO’spublishedandcompletedsciencestudiesNote:Theleadinstitutionforeachprojectisshownunderthetitleoftheproject.StudyRationale/AimStatusKeyfindingsAworkingpaperhasbeenwritten,1SynthesisofTosynthesizeandreconcilereportedandapeer-reviewedpaperwillbeTheworkhighlightsthatpreviousemissionmethaneemissionemissionestimatesfromtheNordsubmittedforpublicationbytheestimatesconsiderablyunderestimatetheestimatesfromtheStreamgasleakstoderiveaplausibleendof2023.amountofmethanereleasedfromtheevent,NordStreamgasrangeofemissionestimatesfromtheandthatdiversemeasurementapproachesleaks(IMEO)incident.ManuscriptsforAlgeriaandwererequiredtoquantifyemissions.Venezuelahavebeencompleted2TROPOMI-basedToaddresssignificantuncertaintyonandsubmittedtojournals.TheAlgeriastudylooksattheimportanceofcharacterizationofmethaneemissionsfromseveralhigh-pointsourcesinrelationtototalemissions.regionalemissionsproducingregionswhereTROPOMIcanOnepaperhasbeenpublished(Instituteforbeusedtoquantifyregionalemissions.(Innocentietal.2023).TheVenezuelastudyfoundasmall,non-SpaceResearch,Anotherisevaluatingemissionsignificant,trendinemissionsbetween2018Netherlands)Toaddresssignificantuncertaintyestimates.and2020aroundLakeMaracaibo,implyinginmethaneemissionsfromLNGthatthearea’sleakagerateexpressedGlobalLNGfacilities(liquefaction,regasification,againstoilandgasproductiondoubledoverliquefactionandandshipping),withnoempiricalthetimeperiodtoaround20%.regasificationplantmeasurementspubliclyavailable.measurementsLargeleaksandlargenon-continuous(NationalPhysicalOpportunitytoperformacoordinatedsourcesmeasureddemonstratetheLaboratory,Unitedcampaignthatincludestheintegrationcontinuingneedforfull-sitesurveyingforKingdom)oftop-down(i.e.,airborne-based)andleakdetection,maintenanceandrepairbottom-up(i.e.,ground-basedmobileprocessestominimizeemissions.3Romaniaonshoremeasurements)inacountrythatreliescoordinatedonsimpleemissionfactors(IPCCTierThreepaperssummarizingMeasuredemissionswerecharacterizedbycampaign(Utrecht1).PriorversionsoftheNationalGHGground-baseddatacollectionwereheavilyskeweddistributions.BasedontheUniversity,InventoryshowedRomaniaastheEUpublished(Delreetal.2022;Korbeńsource-levelcharacterization,uptothree-Netherlands)countrywiththehighestproduction-etal.2022;Menoudetal.2022).quartersofthedetectedemissionsfromoilrelatedemissions.ArecentupdatetoAnadditionalpapersynthesisingproductionsitesarerelatedtooperationalRomania’sinventoryhassignificantlyresultsforoilproductionsiteswasventing.reducedtheemissions.Thisstudyrecentlypublished(Stavropoulouetshowsthevalueofincorporatingal.2023).multiplemeasurementmethodsatdifferentscales.Twofurtherpaperssynthesizingairborne-baseddatawillbesubmittedbytheendof2023.28UNEPIMEO2023ReportStudyRationale/AimStatusKeyfindingsCoalPhase1:CoalAninitialdesktopstudyintendedtoThefinalreportwassubmittedtoChinaleadstheworldinestimatedcoalMineMethaneprovidethefoundationorrationaleforIMEOinAugust2022.minemethaneemissions.UndergroundcoalEmissions–furthermeasurement-basedscienceminesaccountformorethan90%ofglobalSources,Mitigationstudies(CoalPhase2).coalminemethaneemissions.MitigationPotential,potentialisthroughdrainageandventilationMonitoringair.ThemainvariablesthataffectgasandEmissionsemissionratesincoalminingarein-situQuantification.gascontentofcoalseams,strengthand(EnvironmentalreservoirpropertiesofthestratasurroundingDefenseFund,longwalldistricts,workingdepth,panelUnitedStatesofdimensions,faceadvancerateanddistrictAmerica)age.Accountingforcoalminemethaneemissionsiscomplicatedandconductedinvariablewaysaroundtheworld.4OffshoreproductionTocharacterizemethaneemissionsOnepaperhasbeenpublishedOffshorefacility-levelemissionscanvary(Fouldsetal.2022).substantiallyovertime,andsufficientlystudies:Norwayfromoilandgasoffshoreinfrastructurelargeandrepresentativesamplingisneededformeaningfulcomparisonswithreported(RoyalHollowayindifferentoffshoreproductionemissions,whichisrelevantforOGMP2.0.andBedfordNewregions,aslittletonoempirical-basedThemeasurementsareingoodagreementwithoilandgasoperatorreports,butCollege,Unitedestimatescurrentlyexist.Norwayisaaremorethan40%largerthanawidelycitedgloballygriddedfossilfuelmethaneKingdom;UniversitymajorEuropeanoilandgasproducer,emissioninventorybasedoncountry-levelreportsfromtheUNFrameworkConventionofManchester,accountingforaround45%ofEuropeanonClimateChange.UnitedKingdom)(EU,UnitedKingdomandNorway)oilandnaturalgasproductionoverthepastdecade.5EuropeanTocharacterizemethaneemissionsFiveinitialpapersonHamburg,InitialpapershighlightthecontributiondownstreamfromlocaldistributionsystemsinParis,TorontoandBucharesthaveofasmallfractionofhigh-emittingleakstudies(TechnicalEuropeandcomparethemtoemissionsbeenpublished(Arsetal.2020;indicationswithadisproportionateUniversityoffromU.S.citiesaswellasToronto,Maazallahietal.2020;Defratykacontributiontototalemissions.TheMunich,Germany;Canada.etal.2021;Fernandezetal.2022;studiesalsohighlighttheimportanceofAutonomousForstmeieretal.2023).mobilemeasurementsoflocaldistributionUniversityofAnadditionalmanuscriptforemissionstoprioritizeemissionreductionBarcelona,Spain;LondonhasbeensubmittedstrategiesandtofullycharacterizeUniversityofforpublication,andtheoverallemissionsfromthesesources.StudiesToronto,Canada;synthesispaperisinjournalpeeralsodiscusstheimportanceofattributionUniversityofreview.methodstosplitthermogenicandbiogenicGroningen,methaneemissionsinurbanenvironments.Netherlands;UniversitédeVersaillesSaint-Quentin-en-Yvelines,France)6AustraliaCoalSeamToobtaindataonemissionsfromcoal-ThreepapershavebeenpublishedCoalseamgasupstreamsourcesemit(Luetal.2021;Neiningeretal.around0.4%ofproducedgas,whichisGas(SuratBasin)seamgasproduction,anincreasing2021;Kellyetal.2022).comparabletosomeonshoredrygasfields(MarcellusShaleintheUnitedStates(AirborneResearchphenomenonandacriticalfirststepinofAmericaandGroningenfieldinTheNetherlands).HoweveritissubstantiallyAustralia;Universityunderstandingotherplaceswherethissmallerthanotherregions,especiallythosewhereoilisco-produced(wetgas).ofNewSouthproductionoccurs.Wales,Australia)7OffshoreproductionTocharacterizemethaneemissionsAmethodspaper(Franceetal.Inventories,exceptforoperator-basedstudiesinthefromoilandgasoffshoreinfrastructure,2021)andanotherpaperreportingfacility-levelreporting,tendtounderestimateUnitedKingdomaslittletonoempirical-basedestimatesmeasuredemissionratesforBritishmeasuredemissions,especiallythegloballyandDutchNorthexist.InadditiontotheGulfofMexicoandDutchinfrastructure(Pühletal.griddedinventory.ThestudysuggestsSea(Germanoffshorestudy,datawerecollectedon2023)havebeenpublished.thatusingfacility-levelreporting,asAerospaceCentre,British,DutchandNorwegianoilandrecommendedintheOGMP2.0framework,DLR,Germany;gasinfrastructureacrosstheNorthSea.leadstothehighestaccuracywhenUniversityofYork,comparedtoactualmeasurements.IfUnitedKingdom;nationalinventoriesadoptthisfacility-levelBritishAntarcticestimationapproach,itcouldimprovetheSurvey,UnitedaccuracyofmethaneemissionaccountinginKingdom;Universitytheoffshoreoilandgassector.Interestingly,ofCambridge,despitevariationsinproductionrates,whenUnitedKingdom)comparedregionallytoairbornestudiesintheNorwegianSeaandtheNorthernGulfofMexico,thefacility-levelemissionratesalignwiththeoverallpatternsobservedinotheroffshoreareas.29UNEPIMEO2023ReportStudyRationale/AimStatusKeyfindings8Mexicoonshore/TocharacterizedifferencesbetweenOnepaperhasbeenpublishedThestudyintegratedairborne-basedoffshoreonshoreandoffshoreemissionsfora(Zavala-Araizaetal.2021).measurementswithremotesensingdata(Environmentalmajoroilandgasproductioncountry(TROPOMIandVIIRSnight-timeflareDefenseFund,thatreliesonsimpleemissionfactorsdata).Itfoundlargediscrepancies(moreUnitedStatesofforitsinventory.thananorderofmagnitude)inemissionAmerica)estimates,withoffshoreproductionbeingoverestimatedandonshoreproductionbeingunderestimatedincurrentinventories.9OffshoreproductionTocharacterizemethaneemissionsAmethodspaperusingship-basedThepublishedstudieshighlightimportantstudiesinthefromoilandgasoffshoreinfrastructure,measurementswaspublisheddifferencesinemissionsbetweenshallowGulfofMexicoaslittletonoempirical-basedestimates(Yacovitch,DaubeandHerndonanddeep-waterproductioninfrastructure.(Universityofexist.Thefirstoffshorestudytookplace2020),andasecondpaperusingThestudieshighlightthepresenceofsuper-Michigan,UnitedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,whereairborne-basedmeasurementswasemittersinoffshoreinfrastructure.StatesofAmerica)itwaslogisticallyeasiertosetupthepublished(Gorchov-Negronetal.study.2020).Table9:IMEOinitiatedandongoingstudiesNote:Theleadinstitutionforeachprojectisshownunderthetitleoftheproject.StudyRationale/AimStatusOilandgasstudiesNoindependentempiricaldataarecurrentlyavailabletoderiveProjectscopingphase.representativeemissionestimatesofoilandgassourcesfromformer10AerialmeasurementsandfluxSovietUnionstatesapartfromalimitednumberofpointsources.AlocalProjectisongoing.WesternestimatesinAzerbaijan(GermanstudyinAzerbaijanwouldbethefirsttoderivesuchestimates.AustraliaflightsstartedinAprilAerospaceCentre,DLR,Germany;2023,withNorthernandEasternEnvironmentalDefenseFund,Facility-levelmeasurementsofalmostallLNGliquefactionfacilitiesinAustraliatargetedfor2024.UnitedStatesofAmerica)Australia.MultiplemeasurementsareperformedateachfacilitytoderiveProjectinitiationisongoing.emissionestimatesunderarangeofoperatingconditions.11AustraliarepresentativeLNGFieldmeasurementcampaignsliquefactionfacilityaerialTheprojectwilldeterminethetechnical,logisticalandfinancialareplannedandsomearealreadymeasurements(AirborneResearchfeasibilityofconstructingandoperatinganaerialmethanemonitoringongoingforseveralEUlocations,Australia)platformdedicatedforIMEOmeasurementcampaigns.TheplatformwithadditionalmeasurementswillbedesignedtoaddresstheexistingchallengesoflongleadtimesexpectedinSouthAmerica.FeasibilityanalysisforanIMEO-forscientificallyinstrumentedaircraftaswellassecuringpermitsforDatafromaerialsurveysarebeingdedicatedhelicopter-towedsensoroperatingsuchaircraftininternationalairspaces.reconciledwithon-siteactivityplatform(TechnicalUniversityofdataandbespokeemissionBraunschweig,Germany)Globally,therearemillionsofabandonedoilandgaswells,butthefactorsderivedfrompreviousnumberofabandonedwellsattheglobalscalehasnotbeenestimated.measurements.GlobalanalysisofmethaneProjectisinthescopingphase.emissionsfromabandonedoilReconciliationanalysisofexistingmeasurementdataatthefacility-levelandgaswells(McGillUniversity,andthesub-facility-levelatthesameLNGliquefactionplant.FieldmeasurementcampaignwasCanada)completedin2022.Combiningmeasurementsattheregional,siteandsourcelevels,to12LNGfacilityversussub-facilitycharacterizeemissionsfromoilandgasproductioninColombia.ThereProjectinitiationisongoing.reconciliationinAustraliaarefew,ifany,empiricallybasedestimatesofmethaneemissionsfrom(NationalPhysicalLaboratory,SouthAmericanoilandgasproducingcountries.UnitedKingdom)OffshoreoilandgasmethanestudyfocusingonAngolawithpotential13Multi-scalemeasurementstudyofadditionalmeasurementsinCongoand/orGabon.TheregionishometooilandgasemissionsinColombiasubstantialoilandgasproductionbybothnationalandinternationaloil(CarletonUniversity,Canada)companies,andhasbeenidentifiedasaflaringhotspot.14OffshoremeasurementstudyComparingthemethaneemissionquantificationsofaFloatinginAngolaandGabon(GermanProductionStorageandOffloading(FPSO)siteatGlenLyon,ShetlandAerospaceCentre,DLR,Germany)usingaerial,droneandbottom-upquantificationmethods.15Offshoretop-downandbottom-upemissionquantificationataFloatingProductionStorageOffloadingsiteintheNorthSea(UniversityofYork,UnitedKingdom)30UNEPIMEO2023ReportStudyRationale/AimStatusOilandgasstudiesDesktopstudytodevelopstrategiestohelpcompaniesimplementOGMPProjectinitiationisongoing.2.0Level5.OGMP2.0FeasibilityCaseStudyAnalysisofdatafromfield(QueenMaryUniversityofLondon,SupportingfurtherdevelopmentandimplementationofOGMP2.0bymeasurementcampaignshasUnitedKingdom)performingreconciliationofsource-andsite-leveldata.started.ReconcilingmethaneemissionEstablishingrobustproceduresforproducingquantitative,measurement-Multi-yearmeasurementcampaigns.inventorieswithsite-levelbasedmethaneinventoriesbackedbyrobustuncertaintyanalysisandmeasurementsglobally(Universityperformingroot-causeanalysistoimprovemitigationstrategies.Projectinitiationisongoing.ofTexasatAustin,UnitedStatesofAmerica)FacilitatingtheimplementationofoffshoreplumedetectionmethodsDataanalysisisongoing.foroperationalexploitationinIMEO’sMethaneAlertandResponse16Root-causeanalysisofoilandSystem(MARS).Component1ofMARScurrentlyonlyconsiderslandTestingwilltakeplaceatTotal’sgasemissionsourcesinBritishsurfaces.However,dataprocessingremainshighlymanual,andthereTADIfacilityinLacq,France,withColumbia(CarletonUniversity,areknowledgegapsregardingthepotentialandlimitationofsatellitemultipleEuropean-basedoperatorsCanada)observationsforoffshoremethanemapping.participating.ThefieldcampaignisexpectedtolastforfourweeksinSatellite-baseddetectionofMoredataareavailablecharacterizingemissionsfromtheU.S.PermianJune2024,withaone-weekon-sitemethaneplumesfromoffshoreBasinthanforanyotheroilandgasproducingbasinintheworld.Thetrialpotentiallytakingplaceinlateplatform(MARSstudy)(Universitatprojectgoalistocatalyseasynthesisofasmuchofthedatacollected2023orearly2024.PolitècnicadeValència,Spain)todateasispossible,allowingmulti-scaledatatobecomparedandProjectinitiationisongoing.contrasted.17SynthesisstudyinPermianBasin(EnvironmentalDefenseFund,ThiscampaignwillfollowexistingprotocolswithseveralplannedUnitedStatesofAmerica)improvementsinmeteringaccuracy,windspeedmeasurement,andgascompositionanalysis,toallowforevenmorethoroughcharacterization18Validationofsatelliteandmobileandtominimizeuncertaintiesinground-releasevolumes.measurementapproachesthroughacontrolledreleaseinEuropeAccuratequantificationofmethaneemissionsiscrucialforboth(StanfordUniversity,UnitedStatestrackingmitigationandtoinformregulatorydecision-making.Therefore,ofAmerica)methodologiesclaimingtoquantifymethaneemissionsrequireindependentandrigorousvalidationtogiveconfidenceandreassurance19Validationofsatelliteandmobilethataccuratereportingofemissionsthroughmeasurementisviable.measurementapproachesthroughacontrolledreleaseintheUnitedStatesofAmerica(StanfordUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica)CoalstudiesThisisthefirstIMEOstudytodesign,measureandreconciletop-downCampaignsstartedinJune2022andbottom-upestimatesspecificallyfortheneedsinthecoalsector.andshouldbecompletedinOctober20Aerialandground-based2023.MeasurementplatformsmeasurementsofcoalmethaneInthispilotprojectoverthecourseofaweek,severalflightsindicatedincludemobileaircraft,helicopters,emissionsinPoland(AGHsignificantemissionsfromsurfacemining.DuetothelimitedvehiclesandavarietyofstaticUniversityofScienceandmeasurements,theoutcomesfromthepilotprojectwillbeincorporatedground-basedsystems.ThelatterTechnology,Poland;GermanintoafullBowenBasinproject.includemeasurementsthatrangeAerospaceCentre,DLR,Germany;Thisprojectaimstorefinethegreenhousegasemissioninventoryfromwithin,atthetopof,andfarTechnicalUniversityofMunich,oftheIndiancoalminingsectorbyincorporatingempiricaldataonfromtheventilationairmethaneGermany;SwissFederalemissionsfromabandonedcoalmines.shaft.LaboratoriesforMaterialsScienceThepilotprojectinAustraliademonstratedthecapabilitytocollectandTechnology,Switzerland)airbornedataattheminelevelandfinerresolution.ForthisextendedInitialpilotmeasurementcampaignapproach,twoaircraftwillbeused,onewithinsituandonewithtookplacein2022,andasecond21AustraliaBowenBasinpilotremotesensing.ThiswillbeoneofthefirsttimesthatsimultaneousphaseofmeasurementstookplaceCampaign(AirborneResearchmeasurementsbybothmethodswillbecollected.inSeptember2023.Australia)Bothundergroundandsurfacemineswillbemeasured,andIMEOhopestoaccessactivitydatafromparticipatingminesinthecomingmonths.Projectinitiationisongoing.22Indiaabandonedcoalminestudy(IndianInstituteofTechnologyProjectinitiationisongoing.Bombay)23Studytotestgreenhousegasverificationproceduresusingairborneremotesensingandairbornein-situdatatodeterminemethaneemissionsfromcoalminesinAustraliaBowenBasinCampaign2023(UniversityofBremen,Germany)31UNEPIMEO2023ReportWastestudies24LandfillemissionscharacterizationThisprojectwillquantifyemissionsatdozensofindividuallandfillsTheprojectisnearlyfinished,withinCanada(St.FrancisUniversity,acrossCanada.Forasubsetoftheselandfills,amethodintercomparisonmeasurementsnowcompleted,UnitedStatesofAmerica)usingground-basedmobilemeasurements,drones,andaircraftsurveysanddataanalysisbeingfinalized.Awillevaluatepotentialbenefitsandlimitationsofeachmethod.paperisexpectedtobepublishedinearly2024.Multi-sectorstudiesThisprojectaimsatsupportingtheGlobalCarbonProject(GCP)toAdataanalysisisunderway,whichGlobalMethaneBudget(Stanfordbetterunderstandglobalmethaneemissionsatlarge,byfundingtwowillintegrateglobalmeasurementUniversity,UnitedStatesofadditionalelementstoGCP’sbiennialoverviewreports:1)additionofdataofsupplementarytracersAmerica)supplementarymeasurementstoaidindistinguishingfossilfuelsfrom(ethaneandisotopes).Thiswillbeothersources,and2)fieldcampaigninAzerbaijantomeasuresomeoffedintoaglobalmodeltobetter25AerialmethanesurveyinOmanthelargestnaturalgeologicalmethaneseeps.attributefossilmethaneemissions(GermanAerospaceCentre,DLR;fromothersourcesectors.Also,aAGHUniversityofScienceandAerialmethanesurveycharacterizingoilandgassite-levelemissiondatasetoflargegeologicalmethaneTechnology,Poland)distributionandpotentiallyalsoregional-levelfluxes.Thiswillbethefirstseepshasbeendevelopedtoaidinin-depth,independent,studyofoilandgasmethaneemissionsonthetheplanningofthemeasurementsContinuousmonitoringofArabianPeninsula.AwastecomponenthasbeenaddedtotheoilandgasinAzerbaijan.methaneemissionswithcampaign.TROPOMIsatelliteobservationsFieldmeasurementcampaignisinsupportoftheIMEO(HarvardTheIntegratedMethaneInversion(IMI)isanopen-access,user-friendlyplannedforlate2023.University,UnitedStatesofcloud-computingfacilitythatallowsresearchersandstakeholderstoAmerica)performregionalinversionsofTROPOMIsatelliteobservations.Projectinitiationisongoing.Researchwillfocusonincorporatingautomaticconstructionofinversionensembleswithvaryinginversionparametersandquantifythesensitivityofresultstoprior/observationalerrors,prioremissionestimates,satelliteretrievalproducts,andotherfactors.Thestudywillexploretheincorporationofpoint-sourceinformationintothetool,usingIMEO’sMARSpoint-sourcedatafromindependentinstrumentssuchasSentinel-2tohelpdefinepriorerrorsandtheemissionstatevectorfortheinversion.Photocredit:QatarEnergy32UNEPIMEO2023Report05BuildingCapacityinGovernmentstoAddressMethaneEmissions5.1ImportanceofEngagingRecognizingthevastarrayofbarriersandopportunitiesGovernmentStakeholdersaroundtheworld,achievingthesegoalswilllookdifferentineverycountry.Asaresult,IMEOisdevelopingandGrowingrelationshipswithgovernmentimplementingtailoredapproachesthatconsiderlocalcontext,stakeholdersdriveprogressacrossIMEO’sexistingpartnershipsandprojects,aswellastheavailabilityworkstreams.ofexistingdataandsatellitecapabilities.Withmorethan150signatoriesoftheGlobalMethanePledge5.2OverviewofTrainingProgramme(GMP),theimportanceofengaginggovernmentsonmethaneOfferandDeliveryemissionshasneverbeenclearer.Whilethestagehasbeenset,itisnowtimeforgovernmentstobackthiscommitmentIMEO’sMethaneMitigationTrainingSerieslayswithtargetedpolicyactionandincreasedambition,inthegroundworkformethaneaction.thehopeofachievinga30percentreductioninmethaneemissionsby2030.Tothatend,UNEP’sIMEOhasbeenThevirtualMethaneMitigationTrainingSeriesremainsexpandinganddeepeningitsengagementwithgovernmentsIMEO’sflagshipcapacity-buildingtoolforgovernmentsandaroundtheworld.continuestobeanimportantmechanismthroughwhichIMEObeginsworkingwithgovernmentstakeholders.SinceGovernmentsareakeystakeholderforIMEO.StrongthelastIMEOannualreport,IMEOhasdelivered11morerelationshipswithgovernmentofficialsarenecessarytotrainings(39total)to270newparticipants(650total),acrosssuccessfullyimplementIMEO’sprojects,whichoftenrequireabroadrangeofcountries.permits,flightaccesstofacilitiesformeasurements,aswellaspoliticalsupportofIMEO’sobjectivestoprioritizeaction.IMEO’smethanemitigationtrainingbythenumbersImportantly,governmentstakeholdersmustalsohavetheknowledgeandcapacitynecessarytoaccessandinterpret39trainingsIMEOdatatotakemeaningfulmitigationaction.in25countriesIMEOcontinuestoworkwithgovernmentsaroundtheworld,bothdirectlyandthroughpartners.IMEO’sgoalswhenover650trainedengaginggovernmentsinclude:personnel•Raiseawarenessonmethaneemissionstocatalyseincreasedambitiononmethanemitigationactivities.•Developandmaintainbothhigh-levelandtechnicalconnectionsinthegovernmenttofacilitateIMEO’svisionandprojects.•BuildcapacityingovernmentstoaccessandutilizeIMEOdata.•AssistgovernmentsinrespondingeffectivelytoMARSnotificationsandworkwithpartnerstoacttowardsmitigatingidentifiedevents.•SupporttheimplementationoftheGlobalMethanePledge.33UNEPIMEO2023ReportTable10:OverviewofmodulesforIMEO’sMethaneMitigationTrainingSeriesCoreModuleDescriptionmodulesModule1:MethaneemissionsintheoilandgassectorDefinesterminologyrelatedtomethaneandidentifiesmajoremissionsourcesfromtheoilandOptionalgassector.ExploreshowcountriesandcompaniescanreduceemissionsinpursuitofambitiousmodulesModule2:Methanedetection,NationallyDeterminedContributions.measurementandquantificationModule3:MethanemitigationOutlinescurrentlyavailabletechnologiestodetectandmeasureemissionsandbestmethodologiesforquantificationoftotalemissions.Module4:AdvancedupstreammethaneemissionsDetailsmajorsourcesofmethaneemissions,cost-effectiveabatement,potentialmitigationOverviewModuleactivitiesthroughtheeffortsofgovernments,regulatorsandoperatingcompanies.Module5:RegulatoryapproachesTechnicalinformationonexistingbestpracticesandtechnologiesfordetection,measurement,tomethaneemissions(designedquantificationandmitigationofupstreammethaneemissions.anddeliveredbytheIEA)Module6:SatellitesHigh-levelsummaryofthecontentsofModules1-3forsenior-levelofficialstocoverthemostimportantinformationwithoutgoingtothetechnicallevel.Itcanbetailoredtobothasupply-Module7:Flaringanddemand-orientedperspective.Module8:LNGCoverskeyconsiderationsandbestpracticeswhendevelopingandimplementingmethanepoliciesandregulationsfortheoilandgassector.Reviewsthemaincharacteristics,limitationsandpotentialofsatellitesformethanedetection,measurement,andquantificationandapplicabilitytogovernmentandcompanypractices.Explainsmajorcharacteristicsandchallengesthatflaringactivitiesposeandoffersdifferenttoolsavailableformeasurement,quantificationandmitigationofflaringemissions.OverviewofmethaneemissionsourcesfromLNGandmitigationoptions,inadditiontoelementsofpolicyandexpectedmarketdevelopmentsspecifictoLNG.Fromthere,IMEOhasbeenworkingwithavarietyofpartnersdeliveryofthetrainingseriestostakeholdersintheNigeriantodesignandimplementspecificapproachesandprojectsgovernmentandoilandgasindustry.Additionally,membersthatsupportcountriestotakeambitiousactiononmethaneofthescientificcommunitywillbesupportedtoconductemissions.IMEOpartnerscloselywithorganizationssucha“studytour”ofongoingIMEOMethaneScienceStudiesastheInternationalEnergyAgency,theClimateandCleanandwillhavetheopportunitytoworkwiththescientistsAirCoalition,theWorldBank,theCleanAirTaskForce,andleadingthework.Inthesecondphase,theseindividualsCarbonLimits,aconsultancy,ontheseengagements.willundergofurthertrainingtoenabletheirparticipationinmeasurementcampaignsinNigeria.Finally,IMEOwillAsthefocusonmethaneemissionsgrowsinternationally,developrecommendationsformeasurement,monitoring,initialengagementsaregrowingintofull-scaleprojects.reportingandverification(MMRV)basedonthefindingsfromForexample,IMEOispartofaconsortiumofpartners,themeasurementstudy.alongsidetheCleanAirTaskForceandtheInternationalEnergyAgency,thathasrespondedtoacallforproposalsAsafinalexample,IMEOhasbeenworkingalongsidethefromtheClimateandCleanAirCoalitiontodeliveranationalUNResidentCoordinator’sOfficeandtheU.S.AgencyformethaneemissionsinventoryandmitigationassessmentforInternationalDevelopmentinTurkmenistantosupporttheoilandgassectorinIraq.IMEOhascommittedtoprovidetargetedactiononmethanemitigation.Followingadeliverytrainingduringanin-personworkshopwithrepresentativesoftheMethaneMitigationTrainingSeriesinearly2023,IMEOfromthegovernment.Inaddition,IMEOwillconductahasbeenworkingwithgovernmentcounterpartstoidentifyasatelliteanalysisofoilandgasinfrastructureinIraq.Thedataselectionofassetsforwhichmeasurementsmaybepiloted.fromthisanalysiswillbeusedasaninputtothemethaneTechnicalservicepartnersarealsobeingengagedtosupportemissionsinventoryandwillprovidekeyfindingstosupportmitigationofmethaneemissionsourcesfoundduringthesethemitigationassessment.pilotmeasurements.Furthermore,IMEOisworkingwiththeEuropeanIMEO’stargetedcountryengagementwillcontinuetogrowCommissionDelegationinNigeriatoconductabaselinewiththeadditionofRegionalCaseManagers.ThiswillmeasurementstudyinNigeria,withaparticularemphasisonincreaseIMEO’sabilitytorespondtorequestsforsupportbuildingcapacityinthegovernmenttoutilizefindingsfromfromcountriesseekingtoreducemethaneemissionsandthisstudyandtoconductsimilarstudiesinthefuture.InreachtheGlobalMethanePledgetarget.theinitialphase,IMEOwillorganizeatailoredandin-person34UNEPIMEO2023Report5.3EngagingtheInventoryCommunity5.4ImplementationCaseStudy:SuccessfulMitigationIMEOisdrivingtheimportantdialoguebetweenthescientificandnationalinventorySatellitedataprovidedbyIMEOdrivecommunities.asuccessfulmitigationcaseinLibya.The2019Refinementtothe2006IPCCGuidelinesforIMEOhasbeenengagingwiththeNationalOilCompanyNationalGreenhouseGasInventoriesrecognizedtheofLibya(NOCLibya)onreducingmethaneemissionsimportantroleofsatellite-andotherobservationaldatafromitsoperationssince2022.Alongsidepartnersattheinreducinguncertaintyandverifyingthecountry-levelUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme,IMEOorganizedemissionsreportedtotheUNFrameworkConventiononaworkshopforofficialsfromNOCLibyatoprovidetargetedClimateChange.IMEO,asaproviderofbothsatellite-andtrainingonmethaneemissionsfromtheoilandgassector,othermeasurement-baseddataonmethaneemissions,withafocusonthecontextinLibya.aimstofacilitatetheincorporationofthesedataintocountryinventoriestoimprovetheaccuracyofreportedemissions.Atthisevent,UNEPpresentedapreliminaryanalysisofTodoso,IMEOrecognizestheneedtoengagethenationalavailablesatellitedataonemissionsfromLibya’soilandgasinventorycommunitytounderstandchallengesandbarrierssector.Oneasset–theIntisarDoilfield–wasidentifiedasafacedbyinventorycompilers,andtodesignbestpracticestomajormethaneemissionshotspot.Oneofthemajorsourcesovercomethem.atthisassetwasastoragetankthatrecordedcontinuousandsignificantemissions,rangingfrom1,000kg/htoInSeptember2022,theTaskForceonNationalGreenhouseapproximately2,500kg/h.GasInventoriesoftheIPCCheldan“ExpertMeetingonUseofAtmosphericObservationDatainEmissionInventories”Withthisinformation,NOCLibyaactedtotakethestorageinGeneva,Switzerland.IMEOwasinvitedtoparticipateintankoutofservice,eliminatingthismajormethaneemissionthefugitivemethaneemissionsBreak-outGroup.Basedsource(Figure14).Withfurthersatelliteinformationondiscussionsduringthismeeting,whichincludedbothfromUNEP,NOCLibyaalsoactedtoeliminateflaringinacademicexpertsandnationalinventorycompilers,IMEOanotherfieldandtorecovertheflaredgas.Theproducedisdevelopingawhitepapertoaddressinmoredetailthegascombustionavoidedbythisactionisanestimated25applications,bestpracticesandtoolsthatwillenablenationalmillioncubicfeetperday(20tonnesperhour),accordinginventorycompilerstouseIMEOandotherobservationaltoNOCLibya.Therepurposingoftheseflaredvolumesmethanedatainthecontextoftheirreportedemissions.eliminatedalargevolumeofmethaneemissions.Inturn,thiswhitepaper–whichwillbepublishedinthescientificliterature–willserveasaroadmapforfutureIMEOintendstocarryforwardthisproductivecollaborationengagementbyIMEOwiththenationalinventorycommunity,withNOCLibyathroughfuturetrainings–notablyfurtherhelpingIMEOtodevelopoutreachandtrainingmaterialandworkonflaringemissions–andtocontinuetomonitorthetoolsforinventorycompilersontheuseofthesedata.areaforemissions.Figure14:Side-by-sidecomparisonoftheIntisarDassetpre-andpost-actionbyNOCLibya.Theimageontheleft35UNEPIMEO2023Reportshowsthemethaneemissionsplumestemmingfromthestoragetankpriortointervention.Theimageontherightshowsthetankasof2023,wherenofurthermethaneemissionsareseen.Themiddlewindowshowsinaveryhigh-resolutionimageofBingAerialtheIntisarDfieldwiththestoragetankinthecentre.Notethattheindividualpointsshowinghighmethanevaluesinthemapontherightareenhancementsinthesignalpotentiallycausedbysurfaceartifacts.06OGMP2.0CompanyReportsPhotocredit:Envatofor202236UNEPIMEO2023Report2025TARGETOGMP2.0-WIDEFACTSHEET-ThechartsshowtotalmethaneemissionsreportedbyOGMP2.0membercompaniesin2023acrossallDATAQUALITY2022METHANEsegments.Itdepictsaggregatereportinglevels,andOPERATEDEMISSIONSoperatorship.ESTIMATES(Mt)Thedottedpatternindicatesthatthedatareportedbycompanieshadmissinginformation(atleastone0.9applicableemissionsourcenotreported)forthoseassets.Thepatternisappliedtotheportionattributabletototal0.7emissionscomingfromsuchassets.The“Nodata”categoryrepresentsassetsthatareintheOGMP2.0scope,butwherecompaniesdidnotreportanydata.ThedepicteddatawasestimatedusingaverageregionalandsegmentemissionfactorsfromcomparableOGMP2.0assets.ThisisakintoanL1emissionfactorderivedfromtheOGMP2.0reporteddata,hencethedottedlightbluelegend.Noemissionsarebeingadded,butitservestodemonstratethepotentialmissingemissionsfromassetsnotbeingreported.Notethatintheseinitiative-widegraphs,emissionsandreportinglevelsrepresenttheemissionsfrom100%ofallassetsinscope(i.e.,34%ofglobalproductionfor2023).Intheindividualcompanyfactsheets,emissionsfornon-operatedassetsareweighedbyequityshare,andthenumericvalueofemissionsisshownonlyforoperatedassetsona100%basis.Whendifferentshareholdersreportedinconsistentemissionlevelsforasinglejointlyownedasset,thehighestvaluewaschosen.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENT-dataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements37UNEPIMEO2023Report2025TARGET(intensity)ADNOC0.15%Foundedin1971,ADNOCisaleadingdiversifiedenergygroup,whollyownedbytheAbuDhabiGovernment.Ourmaximumamountofannualmethanenetworkoffully-integratedbusinessesoperateacrosstheemissionsdividedpersalesgasenergyvaluechain,helpingustoresponsiblymeetthedemandsofanever-changingenergymarket.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)Asoneoftheleastcarbonintensiveproducersintheworld,wearetakingsignificantstepstomaketoday'senergycleanerwhilesimultaneouslyinvestinginthecleanenergiesoftomorrowtostrengthenourpositionasareliableandresponsibleglobalenergyprovider.Wehaveallocatedaninitial$15billiontoadvanceandacceleratelower-carbonsolutions,investinginnewenergiesanddecarbonizationtechnologiestoreduceourcarbonintensityby25%by2030andenableourNearZeroMethaneEmissionsby2030andNetZeroby2045ambitions.35.74OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20222023202420252026goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin538UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)BP0.20%bphasanambitiontobeanetzerocompanyby2050orsooner.OneoftheAimsinsupportofthisambitionmethaneemissionsbasedonmeasurementinlinewithisspecifictomethanewherebpplanstoinstallthebpmethanemeasurementhierarchyasapercentageofmarketedgasmethanemeasurementatallitsexistingmajoroilandgasprocessingsitesbytheendof2023.ThissupportsDATAQUALITY2022METHANEdeliveryofOGMP2.0requirements.OPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)In2021and2022,bp'sactivityincludedtheongoing28installationofenhancedmeteringaswellassoftwarefordeterminingflareefficiencyandgasturbineperformance.NON-OPERATEDbpalsocontinuedtoreduceoperationalmethaneemissions.ThisincludedupgradesandoptimisationasLEVELSwellasimproveddesignanduseofnewtechnology.bp'sUSonshorebusiness,bpxenergy,continuestodeployasuiteofmethanedetectionandquantificationtechnologies.Thislayeredapproachhelpsfurtherdrivereductionsinmethane.Additionally,bpxenergycompletedportfolio-widenaturalgascertificationfor1.1billioncubicfeetperday(bcf/d)againstMiQ'sStandard.bp'sstrategyforsitelevelreconciliationisbaseduponalearn-by-doingprinciple,inwhichfielddeploymentsareaugmentedwithfurtherassessmentofcoremeasurementparameters.Severalpilotswereundertakenin2021and2022inadditiontotheextensiveaircraftcampaignsinbpx.bplookstodriveimprovementsinmethanereportingandperformanceinitsNOJVsthroughinfluenceandknowledgesharingand,hasidentifiedcertainNOJVsforpriorityaction.FortheprioritizedNOJVs,bpisdevelopinginfluencingplans,includingtheaspirationfortheNOJVstosettheirownmethaneintensitytargets(around0.2%).12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin539UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)CIVITASRESOURCES0.20%Operationalexpertise,unwaveringcommitmenttosustainability,andsharedcommunityvaluesreachnewnaturalgasthroughputmethanecontentlevelsatCivitas,acompanybornbybringingtogether(0.0192metrictons/thousandcubicfeet)decadesofoperationalexperienceintheDJBasin.Civitasisthefirstcarbon-neutraloilandgasproducerinColorado.Withapremiermanagementteamfocusedoninnovationandourcommitmenttolong-termsustainability,Civitassawanopportunitytodiversify,scale,andextenditsbusinessmodelthroughacquiringpremiumpositionsinthePermianBasinthroughtheacquisitionofassetsintheMidlandandDelawarebasinsofwestTexasandNewMexicoin2023.Civitasiscommittedtodeliveringvalueforourshareholders,localeconomies,ourneighbors,andtheenergyindustryfordecadestocome.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)21.53NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin540UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)CONOCOPHILLIPS2.7KgConocoPhillipsisanindependentE&PcompanyheadquarteredinHouston,Texaswithoperationsandmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsactivitiesin13countries.Ithasadiverse,lowcostofby2025askgCO2emethane/BOEsupplyportfolioincludingunconventionalplaysinNorthAmerica;conventionalassetsinNorthAmerica,Europe,DATAQUALITY2022METHANEandAsia;LNGdevelopmentsandoilsandsassetsinOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)Canada.AsofJune30,2023,ConocoPhillipshadabout9,700employeesandtotalassetsofabout$90billion.66.80TotalcompanyproductionforthefirstsixmonthsendingJune30,2023was1,798MBOED.In2020,thecompanyadoptedanambitiontoreduceitsoperationalgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionstonet-zeroby2050.Methanereductionsareregardedasacriticalnear-termactiononthecompanypathwaytoachievethisambition.In2021,ConocoPhillipssurpasseditsgoalofmeetinga10%methaneemissionsintensityreductiontargetby2025froma2019baseline.Inresponsetothisachievement,thecompanysetanewmedium-termtargettoachieveanear-zeromethaneemissionsintensityby2030.Thisnear-zerotargetisdefinedas1.5kgCO2e/BOEorapproximately0.15%ofnaturalgasproduced(methaneisconvertedtoCO2eusingtheIPCCAR4globalwarmingpotentialof25).Thetargetincludesemissionsthatarerelatedtoproductionandexcludesemissionsfromaviationandpolartankerfleets.Asofyear-end2022,thecompanyachievedanapproximate70%methaneemissionsintensityreductionfrom2015withanintensityof2.5kgCO2e/BOE.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin541UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)CRESCENTENERGY0.2mtCrescentEnergyisawell-capitalized,U.S.independentenergycompanywithaportfolioofassetsinkeyprovenmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsbasinsacrossthelower48statesandsubstantialcashby2025asapercentageofMBOEproductionflowsupportedbyapredictablebaseofproduction.Crescent'scoreleadershipteamisagroupofexperiencedDATAQUALITY2022METHANEinvestment,financialandindustryprofessionalswhoOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)continuetoexecuteonthestrategymanagementhasemployedsince2011.TheCompany'smissionistoinvest10.75inenergyassetsanddeliverbetterreturns,operationsandstewardship.Foradditionalinformation,pleasevisitwww.crescentenergyco.com.Crescent'sassetbase,whichincludesoilandnaturalgasassetsinkeyprovenonshoreU.S.basinssuchastheEagleFord,Rockies,Barnett,Permian,andMid-Con,iscomposedofproducingpropertieswithsubstantialproductionandhedgedcashflowthatarecomplementedbyanextensiveinventoryofreinvestmentopportunitiesacrossitsundevelopedacreage.Crescentstrivestobegoodstewardsofothers'assets:ourinvestors'capital,theenvironmentandthecommunitiesinwhichitoperates.Crescentbelievesthatthisstewardship,andoursuccess,requiresanalignmentwiththeinterestsofourstakeholdersincludingouremployees,investors,customers,suppliersandsocietyatlarge.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20222023202420252026goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin542UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)DEVONENERGY0.28%DevonEnergy(Devon)isanindependentenergycompanyengagedintheexplorationandproductionofoil,naturalmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsgas,andnaturalgasliquids.Devonisamongthelargestby2025asapercentageofnaturalgasproducedU.S.-basedindependentproducersandisincludedintheS&P500index.ThecompanyisbasedinOklahomaCity,DATAQUALITY2022METHANEOklahoma.Devon'soperationsareconcentratedinfiveOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)keyareasacrosstheUnitedStates,includingtheDelawareBasinofsoutheastNewMexicoandwestTexas,theEagle20.79FordShaleinsouthTexas,thePowderRiverBasininWyoming,theWillistonBasininNorthDakota,andtheAnadarkoBasininwesternOklahoma.Sinceitsfoundingin1971,Devonhaspioneeredoperationalpractices,proactivelyappliednewtechnology,andadaptedtoevolvingmarketconditions,regulatoryenvironments,andincreasingstakeholderexpectations.Thislonghistorywillbekeytodeliveringonthecompany'sambitiousemissionreductiontargets.Devon'semissionreductionstrategywillinvolvearangeofactions,includingexpandingandevolvingitsleakdetectionandrepair(LDAR)program;deployingadvancedmethanedetectiontechnologiesineachofitsoperatingareas;reducingthevolumeofnaturalgasthatisflared;electrifyingfacilitiestoreducetheuseofnaturalgasanddieselconsumedonsite,includingtransitioningfromgas-driventoair-drivenpneumaticcontrollersorotherviablesolutions;andvoluntarilyoptimizingfacilitydesigntominimizepotentialleakpointsandcommonequipmentfailures.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin543UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)DIVERSIFIEDENERGYCOMPANY,PLC0.20%HeadquarteredinBirmingham,AlabamaandlistedontheLondonStockExchange(LSEticker:DEC),DiversifiedisaleadingU.S.independentenergycompanyengagedprimarilyintheproduction,marketingandtransportationofnaturalgas.AsthelargestindependentconventionalproducerintheAppalachianBasinandwithanexpandingassetbaseinitsCentralRegion,ourverticallyintegratedbusinessalsoincludesanewlyacquiredandexpandedassetretirementcompany,NextLVLEnergy,whichnowrepresentsasignificantportionofthecurrentwellretirementcapacityinAppalachia.maximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsby2025asapercentageofproductionDATAQUALITY2022METHANEOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)42.17NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20222023202420252026goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin544UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)ECOPETROL45%EcopetrolS.A.isapubliclimitedcompany,ofthenationalorder,linkedtotheMinistryofMinesandEnergypercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsofColombia.Itisamixedeconomycompany,ofanby2025basedon2019estimatesintegratedcommercialnatureintheoilandgassector,whichparticipatesinalllinksofthehydrocarbonchain:DATAQUALITY2022METHANEexploration,production,transportation,refiningandOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)commercialization.IthasoperationslocatedinColombia,aswellasabroadinBrazil,MexicoandtheUnitedStates(Gulf91.25ofMexicoandPermianTexas).Ecopetrol'ssharesarelistedontheColombianStockExchangeandontheNewYorkStockExchangerepresentedinADR(AmericanDepositaryReceipt).TheRepublicofColombiaisthemajorityshareholderwithaparticipationof88.49%.Thelong-termstrategyoftheEcopetrolGroup(GEforitsSpanishacronym),so-called“EnergythatTransforms”,fullyaddressescurrentenvironmental,social,andgovernancechallenges,maintainingitsfocusongeneratingsustainablevalueforallitsstakeholders.Thisstrategyiscomprisedoffourstrategicpillars:(i)GrowwiththeEnergyTransition;(ii)GenerateValuethroughTESG,(iii)Cutting-edgeKnowledge,and(iv)CompetitiveReturns.Consequently,thelong-termTESGtargetsinclude:regardingenvironmentalissues,achieve(i)net-zeroemissionsofCO2equivalentby2050(scopes1and2),(ii)zeroroutinegasflaringby2030,(iii)zerowaterdischargesby2045,alongwithareductionof58%to66%intheintakeoffreshwaterforoperations.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin545UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)ENI0.20%Eniisanintegratedenergycompanywithmorethan30,000employeesin62countriesaroundtheworld,maximumamountofannualmethaneemissionswhosededicationtotheenergytransitiontranslatesby2025asapercentagepermarketedgasSm3intotangibleactionsaimedatachievingthetotaldecarbonizationofproductsandprocessesby2050.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)EniaspirestocontributetotheachievementoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsoftheUnitedNations45.122030Agenda,supportingajustenergytransitionthatmeetsthechallengeofclimatechangewithconcreteandeconomicallysustainablesolutionsbypromotingefficientandsustainableaccesstoenergyresources,forall.Eni’sstrategyaimstoachieveby2050thenetzerotargetonGHGScope1,2and3emissions,onentirelifecycleoftheenergyproductssold,andnetzerotargetonScope1-2by2035.Enihaslongbeencommittedonmethaneemissionsmitigation,beingoneoftheindustryfoundersoftheOGMPandamongthefirstcompaniestosetpublictargetsforreducingmethaneemissionsfromoperations.ThroughitsparticipationtoOGMP2.0,Enicontinuestoenhancemethanemanagementpracticesandimprovequalityandtransparencyofmethaneemissionsreporting,whilereinforcingitscommitmenttoreducemethaneemissionsthroughoutitsvaluechain.In2023,EniisconfirmingitscommitmenttofurtherreducemethaneinlinewiththeGlobalMethanePledgeandisactivelysupportingthe“AimingforZeroMethaneEmissionsInitiative”,launchedin2022bytheOil&GasClimateInitiative,aimingtoeliminatetheindustry’smethanefootprintby2030.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin546UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)EQTCORPORATION0.02%EQTCorporation(NYSE:EQT)isaleadingindependentnaturalgasproductioncompanywithoperationsfocusedmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsintheMarcellusandUticaShalesintheAppalachianby2025asapercentagepermassofCH4producedBasin.Wearededicatedtoresponsiblydevelopingourworld-classassetbaseandbeingtheoperatorofDATAQUALITY2022METHANEchoiceforourstakeholders.ByleveragingacultureOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)thatprioritizesoperationalefficiency,technology,andsustainability,weseektocontinuouslyimprovetheway15.36weproduceenvironmentallyresponsible,reliableandlow-costenergy.Ourvalues–Trust,Teamwork,Heart,andEvolution–areevidentinthewayweoperateandinhowweinteracteachday.AsthelargestproducerofnaturalgasintheUnitedStates,EQTisresponsibleforproducingtheequivalentofoveroneminuteofeveryhourofelectricityconsumedintheUnitedStates.Wearededicatedtoevolvingenergyandenhancingthecriticalrolethatnaturalgasplaysinthefutureenergymix,bothdomesticallyandinternationally,whilesimultaneouslyaddressingenergysecurityandaffordability.WeareproudtopartnerwiththeOilandGasMethanePartnership2.0toestablishandexecuteonaplantoimproveemissionsassociatedwithenergyproductionmethods.Continuousimprovementisattheforefrontofourmission.Therefore,wearedevelopingthisImplementationPlantodemonstrateourcommitmenttoevaluatingourassetsandactivitiesandestablishingatimelyplanwithambitiousemission-reductiongoals.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20222023202420252026goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin547UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)EQUINOR0.02%CurbingmethaneemissionsisakeypriorityforEquinorandwehaveatargettomaintainanear-zeromethanemaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsemissionsintensitytowards2030.Equinor's2022by2025asapercentageofmarketedgasmethaneintensityforouroperatedupstreamandmidstreambusinessremainedlowatapproximatelyDATAQUALITY2022METHANE0.02%.ItisimportanttoEquinorthatourmethaneOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)emissionsnumbersandperformancearecredible,andwecontinuetorefinequantificationmethodologiesfor9.44ourownoperations.Anindependentstudypublishedin2021showedthatmeasuredmethaneemissionsfromNON-OPERATEDDatanotavailableEquinor-operatedfieldsontheNorwegianContinentalfor5outof26non-operatedShelfwereatsimilarorlowerlevelsthanthosereportedassetsreportedbyEquinor.Aseparate2021report(onequinor.com)showsthatgasproducedbyEquinorhadalowercarbon5intensitythantheaverageofgasconsumedinEurope.Inpreparationforbroaddeploymentofsite-levelmeasurement,in2022,EquinorundertookadditionaltestingofmethanemeasurementtechnologiesattheKollsnesfacility,buildinguponexperiencesfromsimilartestingin2021.Weareusingtheseteststoinformourapproachtosite-levelmeasurement,aswellasidentifyopportunitiestoutilizethesetechnologiestostrengthenquantificationmethodologiesforcertainmaterialsources.In2022,Equinorfocusedonexpandingthecoverageandthequalityofreportinginourpartner-operatedassets-workingwithoperatorsandpartnerstomakethecaseforimprovedquantification,aswellastheinclusionoftheseasset-specificemissionsinourOGMP2.0reporting.Asamemberofseveralcollaborativeinitiatives,weworkwithpeersandpartnerstosystematizemethaneemissionsourceidentificationandquantification,andtoimproveemissionsmanagementandreporting.LEVELS1234NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin548UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)XP0.20%XPisaspecializedoilandgasoperatorwithastrongtrack-recordinproductionenhancementandoperationsmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsby2025decarbonization.Weinvestinandoperatematureonshoreasapercentagepermetrictonshydrocarbonproducedoilandgasfieldstomaketheoperationssafer,greener,moreefficientandmoreproductiveforalongertime.AttheheartofXP’sinnovative,data-driven,operationalmodelisadigitaltransformationthatenablestouncovernewopportunitiesforproductionenhancement,reservesgrowth,operationsoptimizationandenvironmentalfootprintreduction.In2022,XPwasprovidingitsservicesandoperatingfieldsforOMVPetromandNaftogazinRomaniaandinUkraine.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)314.423.398OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin549UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)JONAHENERGYLLC0.15%JonahEnergyLLC(JonahEnergy)isasmallindependentoilandgasexplorationandproductioncompanyheadquarteredinDenver,Colorado.OurassetbaseisintheUpperGreenRiverBasin(UGRB)inSouthwestWyomingintheJonahFieldandsurroundingarea.Westronglybelieveintheroleofnaturalgastomeetcurrentandfutureglobalenergydemandandprovidereliabledomesticenergyandfurtherbelievethiscanbeaccomplishedinanenvironmentallysensitivemanner.maximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsby2025asapercentagepertonnesnaturalgasproducedDATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)3444.63.098OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin550UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.NOTARGETNAFTOGAZ-JSC“NaftogazofUkraine”engageinafullcycleoffieldexplorationanddevelopment,productionandexplorationdrilling,storageofoilandgas,andprocessinganddistributionofoilproducts,naturalgasandliquefiedgastoconsumers.Naftogaziscommittedtofuturegenerations,whichiswhyoneofourstrategicgoalsistobuildup“green”energyassetstoenabletheenergytransformationofNaftogazandde-carbonisationoftheUkrainianeconomy.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)10.62NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect20212022202320242025measurementsGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplangoldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredible51UNEPIMEO2023Reportpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5yearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)NEPTUNEENERGY0.015%NeptuneEnergyisanindependentexplorationandproduction(E&P)companywithoperationsacrossEurope,maximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsNorthAfricaandAsiaPacific.Ourvisionistobetheleadingby2025asapercentageperm3exportgasindependentE&Pcompanybymeetingsociety'schangingenergyneedsandcreatingvalueforallourstakeholders.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEOurdifferentiatedportfolioislonglife,lowcostandlowerOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)carbon.Wehaveagas-weightedproductionportfolioandareuniquelypositionedfortheenergytransition.0.98Ourvaluesofexcellenceinhealth,safetyandtheNON-OPERATEDenvironment,accountability,integrityandteamworkareacorecomponentofourbusinessandhelpguideouractions.LEVELSEstablishedin2018,weemploysome1,300peopleintheUK,Norway,Netherlands,Germany,Algeria,Egypt,Indonesia12345andAustralia.Werecognisetherolethatreducingmethaneemissionsplaysinmeetingglobalclimategoals,whichisNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTwhywehavesetanambitioustargettoreachnearzeromethaneemissionsby2030.dottedpattern=incompletedataOurmethaneintensityremainedstablein2022at0.02%.Methanemakesup5%ofourtotalGHGemissionsonaCO2ebasis.Wearecommittedtoachievingthehighestreportingqualityanddeploymitigationmeasures.During2022,scientistsworkingfortheEnvironmentalDefenceFundcompletedevaluationofmethaneemissionsdatagatheredfromourCygnusplatformintheUKin2021.Theevaluationfoundthatwhiletherotarydronemethanemeasurementsandemissionsreportedatthefacilitywerecloselyaligned,thefixedwingdronemeasurementsshowedgreatervariance.Wearecurrentlyplanningfurtherstudiesofourmaterialassetsinordertoidentifyanaccuratebenchmarkformeasuringtotalmethaneemissionsandtodeterminewhatactionwecantaketoreducethem.In2022,wejoinedtheCEO-ledAimingforZeroMethaneEmissionsInitiativetopromotefurtherindustryaction.GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin552UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)OXY0.25%Occidentalisbringingtogetherpeople,resources,innovativetechnologyandour50+yearlegacyofcarbonmanagementmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionstoaccelerateourpathwaytonetzero,aswellashelpingby2025asapercentageperoperatedproducedGasVolumeothersdothesame.AsthefirstU.S.oilandnaturalgasproducertoestablishnet-zeroemissionsgoalsforourDATAQUALITY2022METHANEoperationsandproducts(Scopes1,2and3)alignedwithOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)thegoalsoftheParisAgreement,we'vetakenaleadershiproleindevelopingsolutionstoacceleratealower-carbon44.14economy.NON-OPERATEDOccidentalstrivestocontinuouslyimproveoperationalperformancebyimplementingpracticesandtechnologiesLEVELStoreducemethaneemissions.OccidentalwasthefirstU.S.oilandgascompanytoendorsetheWorldBank'sinitiativeforZeroRoutineFlaringby2030,andweachievedthatmilestoneinourU.S.operationsin2022.Wecontinuetoexpandourdeploymentofmonitoring,automation,facilityupgradesandprocesschangestodetect,measureandreducemethaneemissionsacrossourglobaloperations,andsharelearningsandbestpracticeswithotherleadingorganizations.In2022,keyprojectsincludedexpandingground-based,aerialandsatellitemethanesurveillance,consolidatingfacilitiesandretrofittingequipmenttoremoveemissionsources,andinstallingadditionalgascompression,takeawaycapacityandtemporarygasstoragetoreduceflaringandmaximizebeneficialuseofnaturalgas.Formoreinformation,pleasereadOxy's2022ClimateReportandthenotesonpage4regardingforward-lookingstatementsandGHGemissionsestimates.Link:https://www.oxy.com/siteassets/documents/publications/oxy-climate-report-2022.pdf12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin553UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)PDCENERGY0.17%PDCEnergy,Inc.isanindependentexplorationandproductioncompanyfocusedonresponsibledevelopmentofnaturalresourcesfocusedinsomeofthemostprolificoilandgasregionsintheUnitedStates.Datareflects2022reportingyear.OnAugust7,2023,PDCEnergy,Inc.wasacquiredbyChevron.maximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsby2025asamethanecontentofproducedgasthroughputDATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)8.92OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20222023202420252026goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin554UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)PETROBRAS0.29tCH4PetrobrasisaNationalOilandGascompany,thelargestinBrazilandinLatinAmerica.Thecompanyintegratesmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsby2025theentirevaluechainintheoilandgasbusiness,perthousandtonsofhydrocarbonproductionincorporatingthesegmentsofExploration,Production,GasProcessing,TransportationandRefining.PetrobrasDATAQUALITY2022METHANEalsooperateinthesegmentofelectricenergygenerationOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)(powerplants).Ourcarbonstrategyisbasedonourunderstandingthatcompanieswillbeascompetitive41.06tothelong-termmarketastheyareabletoproduceatlowcostandwithlowergreenhousegasemissionsNON-OPERATED(GHG),withprosperityinscenariosoflowpriceofoil,carbonpricingandpossibleoildifferentiationpracticesLEVELSbaseontheirintensityonemissionsproduction.Since2019,Petrobrashasapublicmethanetargetrelatedto12345theupstreamsegment.Thistargetwasreviewedinthe2023-2027StrategicPlan.TheactualgoalachievesaNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENT55%reduction,whencomparedwiththebaseyear2015,withtheintensityofmethaneemissionsintheupstreamsegmentby2025,reaching0.29tCH4/thousandtHC.Petrobrasisalsosignatoryofthe“Aimforzeromethaneemissionsinitiative”.Petrobrashasastructuredactionplantoreducemethaneemissions,underthecoordinationofaninternalCarbonNeutralProgram.Theactionplanaggregatessolutionslikeimprovingmethanequantification,reductionandrecuperationofgassenttoflaring,reductionofventingandfugitiveemissionsmanagementthroughleakdetectionandrepair.Thereductionroadmapalsoincludestheincorporationofmitigationtechnologiesonournewprojects.Petrobrasalsocollaborateswithitspeers,internationalinstitutions,non-governmentalorganizations,andacademiatoreducemethaneemissionsandimprovedataquality,throughavarietyofinitiativesincluding:TheClimateandCleanAirCoalitionOil&GasMethanePartnership(OGMP),InternationalAssociationofOilandGasProducers(IOGP)andtheOilandGasClimateInitiative(OGCI).dottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin555UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)PETROLEUMDEVELOPMENTOMAN-PDO0.20%PetroleumDevelopmentOman(PDO)istheleadingoilandgasexplorationandproductioncompanyinOman.maximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsby2025PDOisdeterminedtojoinothernationaleffortsandplayasapercentageperunitofvolumeofgasavailableforsalealeadingroletowardsdecarbonizationandenvironmentalsustainability.Ourenergystrategyissettoadoptenergy-DATAQUALITY2022METHANElightrecoverymechanisms,enhanceenergyefficiency,ESTIMATES(kt)energyconservation,increasetherenewableenergyresourcesandconstantlyaspiringtofindcreativeand18.59efficientmeanstodealwiththegrowingdemandforenergy.Ultimately,PDOaspirestocutitsemissionsbyhalfin2030andtoachievenet-zeroemissionby2050.Inparticular,PDOhasbeenactivelyengagedonmethanereductionefforts.ThisisreflectedinPDO’sendorsementofmethaneemissionintensitytargetof0.20%by2025andnearzeromethaneemissionsby2030.PDO’sreductioneffortsinvolvedjoiningWorldBank's“ZeroRoutineFlaringby2030”initiativeandimplementationofflarereductionprojects,facilitiesmaintenanceprograms,equipmentelectrification,andextensiveflowlinesandpipelinesmonitoring.Inadditiontoafocusedandtieredmethanemanagementcampaignentailedusingsatellitesurveystoidentifymethanesuper-emitters(Tier-1),surveyingoff-plotfacilitiesusingdrones(Tier-2)andconductingLDARsurveys(Tier-3).OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20222023202420252026goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin556UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)PETRONAS50%PetroliamNasionalBerhad(PETRONAS)isadynamicglobalenergyandsolutionscompanywithacoreintenttopercentagereductionofannualmethaneoperatedpowersociety’sprogressresponsiblyandsustainably.Asemissionsby2025basedon2019estimatesthecustodianofMalaysia’snationaloilandgasresources,PETRONASexplores,producesanddeliveryenergy,bothDATAQUALITY2022METHANEhydrocarbonandrenewables,toensurethesecurityofOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)energysupplyforthenationanditscustomersaroundtheglobe.PETRONAShasfourcorebusinesses–Upstream,149.01Gas,Downstream,andProjectDeliveryandTechnology.PETRONASiscommittedtogrowingitsbusinessresponsibly,NON-OPERATEDpositivelycontributingtosocietyandtheenvironment.LEVELSPETRONASannounceditsNetZeroCarbonEmissionsby2050(NZCE2050)pathwayinNovember2022.Itsshort-term12345targetfor2024istocapgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsat49.5milliontonnesofcarbondioxideequivalent(MtCO2e)NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTforScope1andScope2emissionsfromMalaysiaoperations.By2025,thetargetistoachievea50%reductioninmethanedottedpattern=incompletedataemissionsfromPETRONASgroupwidenaturalgasvaluechain.Inthemedium-term,PETRONAStargetstoachieveGHGemissionsreductionsof25%by2030from2019levelsforgroupwideoperationsbasedonanequityshareapproach,wherePETRONASGHGemissionsreflecttheeconomicinterestofitsoperations.Partofthiseffortincludesmethaneemissionsreductiontargetof70%forPETRONASGroupwidenaturalgasvaluechain,aswellasa50%reductioninmethaneemissionsfromMalaysia'snaturalgasvaluechaininsupportofthecountry'sGlobalMethanePledge.PETRONASOperatedassetscovers60%oftotalassetsinPETRONASgasvaluechaincontributingtomethaneemissionsinPETRONAS.Movingforward,PETRONASaimstocompleteLevel3methanequantificationforallnon-materialoperatedassets,whichwillbereflectedintheupcomingOGMPreportingFY2023.GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin557UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)PIONEERNATURALRESOURCES0.20%PioneerisalargeindependentU.S.oilandgasexplorationandproductioncompanyheadquarteredinDallas,Texas.maximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsThecompany’sprimaryfieldoperationstakeplaceonby2025asapercentageperproducednaturalgasinmcfprivatelandsintheheartofthePermianBasinofWestTexas.ClimatestewardshipisimportanttoPioneerandDATAQUALITY2022METHANEourstakeholders.WeacknowledgetheglobalthreatsOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)posedbyclimatechangeduetoincreasingGHGemissionsandtheresultingimpactonglobaltemperatures.Assuch,17.77ourstrategyistomanageourenvironmentalfootprintproactivelyandlimitemissionsofmethaneandotherGHGsfromouroperations.PioneersettargetstoreduceourGHGemissionsintensityby50%andourmethaneemissionsintensityby75%by2030(fromour2019baseline),theachievementofwhichwouldalignwithPioneer’sambitiontoachievenetzeroemissions(Scope1andScope2)by2050.Thesetargetsarebaseduponstrategicplansthrough2030,andwewillcontinuetofollowbestpracticesinourpursuitofGHGandmethaneemissionsintensityreductions.Accordingly,PioneerrecentlyjoinedtheOilandGasMethanePartnership2.0(OGMP),makingPioneeramongthefirstU.S.operatorstoparticipateinthisvoluntaryprivatepubliccoalitionwithleadershipandoversightfromtheUnitedNations.Aspartofthiscommitment,wehaveestablishedashort-termmeasurement-informedmethaneintensitytargetof0.20%ofnaturalgasproducedin2025.Thisshort-termtargetcomplementsourlonger-termmethaneemissionsgoalsandputsPioneeronthepathtoachievingtheOGMP“GoldStandard”designation.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin558UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)PRESIDIOPETROLEUMLLC0.20%HeadquarteredinFortWorth,Texas,PresidioisaleadingoilandnaturalgasefficiencycompanywithassetslocatedmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsintheAnadarkoBasinofTexas,OklahomaandKansas.by2028asapercentageofmarketedgasPresidiowasestablishedasadifferentiatedoilandgasoperatorfocusedontheoptimizationofmature,producingoilandnaturalgasassetsintheUnitedStates.Withoutdrillingnewwells,Presidiohasachievedsignificantscaleandconsistentlyexecutedonitsstrategytoenhancetheoperational,financial,andsustainabilityperformanceoflegacyoilandnaturalgasassetsinpursuitofindustryleadingreturns.ForfurtherinformationaboutPresidio,pleasevisit:www.bypresidio.comDATAQUALITY2022METHANEOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)14.76NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin559UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)PUREWESTENERGY0.05%PureWestisthetopnaturalgasproducerinWyoming,whereweoperatemorethan107,000netacresinandmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsaroundtheprolificPinedaleandJonahFields.Asofby2025asapercentagepertotalproducedgasOctober1,2023,ourgrossoperatedproductionwasapproximately612MMcfe/d(net),andPDPreservesDATAQUALITY2022METHANEaregreaterthan1.8Tcfe(net).WhilewehaveaccessESTIMATES(kt)tomarketsacrossNorthAmerica,PureWestisuniquelypositionedtoservemarketsinthewesternU.S.2.64AtPureWest,responsibleenergydevelopmentismorethanaregulatoryexercise–itreflectsourmissionandcorevaluesandourcommitmenttoexcellenceinallthatwedo.Wevaluetransparencyandaccountabilityandunderstandourobligationtodisclosematerialinformationtoourstakeholders.ThisisparticularlysignificanttousasoperatorsonfederallandsintheupperGreenRiverBasin,whereweareheldtoahigherstandard.Thisnecessarystandardisembeddedintoourbusiness,demonstratedbyourjudiciousoperations,ourdedicatedpeople,andourcommitmenttooperatingresponsibly.Werecognizethatnaturalgaswillbeessentialtothelow-carbonenergytransition,andourgoalistobethesupplierofchoicethroughthistransition.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin560UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)QATARENERGY0.20%QatarEnergyisanintegratedcorporationresponsibleforthedevelopmentofcleanerenergyresourcesaspartofmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionstheenergytransitionintheStateofQatarandbeyond.by2025asapercentagepertotalmonetizableproducts(tons)Itstandsattheforefrontofeffortsforthelong-termsustainabledevelopment,utilizationandmonetizationofDATAQUALITY2022METHANEtheenergyresourcesintheStateofQatar.ThecompanyOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)wasestablishedin1974asthestate-ownedpetroleumcompany,responsiblefortheoperation,managementand2.42developmentofalloilandgasactivitiesinQatar,includingexploration,production,processing,andmarketingNON-OPERATEDandsalesofitsproductstolocalandglobalmarkets.QatarEnergysuppliesmajorcustomersaroundtheworldLEVELSwithvarioustypesofproducts.As"Yourenergytransitionpartner",QatarEnergyistheworldleaderintheproduction12345ofLiquefiedNaturalGas(LNG),thecleaner,safer,moreflexible,andreliablesourceofenergy,andanintegralNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTpartnerintheglobalenergytransition.QatarEnergycommitstoachievinglowcarbonoperations,contributingtothefastertransitiontowardsalowcarboneconomy.Methaneemissionreductionispartofourstrategy.WehaveanambitiousplantocurbouremissionswhichincludesincreasingourCCScapacity,expandingSolarPVpowergeneration,andinvestinginnature-basedsolutionsinadditiontoseveralflareandmethaneemissionsreductioninitiativesandenergyefficiencyimprovements.WeatQatarEnergymakeconsiderableprogresstowardsourambitiontoprovideaffordableandcleanerenergyforpeopleandourplanetresponsibly,forabetterandprosperousfuture.Akeypartofourclimatefocusgoingforwardistotrackandreducemethaneemissionsthroughoutallstagesofthenaturalgasvaluechain.QatarEnergyiscommittedtoincreasethemeasurementeffortsanddatasharingofmethaneemissionsandsupportsambitiousactionstocurbthem.GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin561UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)REPSOL0.20%RepsoljoinedtheCCACOGMPin2016accordingtoourcommitmentwiththemethaneemissionsreductioninmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionstheoilandgassector.Duringtheseyearswehavebeenby2025asapercentageperm3marketedgasreducingventing,performingfugitiveemissionssurveysinouroperatedassets,improvingflaremanagementDATAQUALITY2022METHANEandretrofittingpneumaticsdevices.ConvincedoftheESTIMATES(kt)importanceoftheroleofnaturalgasintheenergytransition,Repsolhasatargetofreachingamethane26.69intensityof0.20%by2025initsoperatedassets.OurcompanyhasbeenreportingCH4emissionsexternallyandtakingactiononmitigationformanyyears,butinOctober2020Repsol'sendorsementtoOGMP2.0wasconfirmed,whichshowsthecommitmenttoimprovereportingandmethanemanagementinouroperatedandnon-operatedassets.TheendorsementtothispartnershipgiveustheopportunitytoshareknowledgeonmethodologiesandtechnologiesandtoimprovescientificandtechnicalunderstandingofCH4emissions.TheendorsementtoOGMP2.0hashelpedRepsoltoleveragetheconversationswithpartnersinnonoperatedassetsandempoweredtheimportanceofthistopic.OPERATEDNON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin562UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)SERICAENERGY32%Wearecommittedtoreducinggreenhousegasemissionswhilstimprovingenergyefficiencythroughaplanofpercentagereductionofannualmethaneoperatedactions,projectsandinvestmentsandarefullyalignedemissionsby2025basedon2022estimatestotheNorthSeaTransitionDealandsupporttheWorldBank'stargetofeliminatingroutineflaringby2030.In2022,wedevelopedourEmissionsReductionActionPlanthatsetsouthowwewillachieveouremissionsreductiontargetsontheBrucefacilitiesthroughavarietyofequipmentupgradeandefficiencyprojects.Wearecollaboratingwithindustrypartnerstosupportlowcarbontechnologyprojectsthatwillhelpdecarbonisethesector.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)0.40NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin563UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)SHELL0.20%Shellisaglobalgroupofenergyandpetrochemicalcompanieswithexpertiseinexploration,production,maintainmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsby2025refining/marketing/tradingofoilandnaturalgas,andbelow0.20%oftotalgasmarketedforoperatedoilandgasassetsmanufacturing/marketingofchemicals.Shell'spurposeistopowerprogresstogetherwithmoreandcleanerenergyDATAQUALITY2022METHANEsolutions.OurstrategyistoacceleratethetransitionofOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)ourbusinesstonet-zeroemissions,purposefullyandprofitably,transformingthebusinessandprovidingmore33.60low-carbonenergy.Safety,environmentprotection,andsocialresponsibilityarefundamentaltoourapproach.NON-OPERATEDShell'sclimatetargetistobecomeanet-zeroemissionsLEVELSenergybusinessby2050.In2021,wesetatargettoreduceabsoluteemissionsby50%by2030,comparedto123452016levels.ThiscoversallScope1operationalemissions,andScope2emissionsassociatedwiththeenergywebuytorunouroperations.Shellalsohasatargettomaintainmethaneemissionsintensitybelow0.20%by2025foritsoperatedoilandgasassetsandachievenear-zeromethaneemissionsby2030.Wecontinuetocollaboratewithindustry,institutions,non-governmentalorganisations,andacademiatoimprovedataqualityandabatemethane.ShellsignedtheOGMP2.0Frameworkin2020withactivitiesin2021and2022includingpilotingarangeofremote-sensing,satellite,anddirectmeasurementtechnologiesandbroadscaleimplementationofmethanemeasurementprogramsacrossmaterialassets.Shellcontinuestoexpandthevarietyoftechnologiesandpracticestoreducemethaneemissionsfromouroperations.PleasereadthefullLegalDisclaimerat:https://www.shell.com/investors/disclaimer-and-cautionary-note.htmlNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin564UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)TOTALENERGIES50%AimingforzeromethaneemissionsisakeyelementtoTotalEnergies'strategytosupportnaturalgasasapercentagereductionofannualmethaneoperatedtransitionfuel.Thisambitionisbasedontwopillars:emissionsby2025basedon2020estimatesmeasuringmethaneemissionsmoreaccuratelyandabatingthoseemissionsrelentlessly,foreachsourceandDATAQUALITY2022METHANEforeachasset.OPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)TotalEnergieshasalreadyreduceditsoperatedmethane40.96emissionsbyaround50%between2010and2020.In2022,theCompanyfurtherreducedmethaneemissionsNON-OPERATEDby34%comparedto2020level,withabsolutereductiontargetsof-50%in2025and-80%in2030(vs.2020)onitsoperatedassets.Intermsofintensity,TotalEnergiesaimsatremaininglowerthan0.1%ofthemarketedgasforallitsoperatedgasfacilities.InitsSustainability&Climate2023ProgressReport,TotalEnergiespresentedtheworldwidedrone-basedemissionsdetectionandquantificationcampaignwhichreached95%coverageofitsupstreamOil&Gasoperatedsites(intermsofproduction).ThiscampaignisakeysteptowardsLevel4and5reportingandreconciliationprocessatsite-level.TotalEnergiesisalsopartneringwithColoradoStateUniversitytodevelopaninternationalprotocolforthequalificationofmethaneemissionsmeasurements.AsafoundingmemberoftheOGMP2.0,meetingthehigheststandardsofreportingforeachofourmaterialassetsiskeyforthesuccessofourstrategy.TotalEnergiesactivelysupportsandpromotestheOGMP2.0towardspartnersandthewholeoil&gasindustryasakeyenablertoreachnearzeromethaneemissions.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin565UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)TRPENERGY0.25%Asaresponsibleoperatorcommittedtoexcellence,wearededicatedtoadvancingenvironmentalinitiativesthatmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionswillleadtoagreeneroilandgasindustry.Weworkhardtoby2025asapercentagepersalesgas(scf)minimizeourimpacttotheenvironmentbyadoptingbestpracticesthatoftenexceedregulatoryrequirements.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)Ourrobustenvironmental,healthandsafety(EHS)strategyincludesmitigatingrisks,increasingemployeeknowledgeandskills,improvingprocesses,andmeasuringperformancetoensuretheprotectionofouremployees,theenvironment,andthepublic.Welookforopportunitiestorecycle,minimizeenergyconsumptionandreduceourgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions.Wealsoworkcloselywithregulatoryagenciestocomplywithallenvironmentalrequirementsaswellaspartnerwithindustryleaderstodevelopandimplementprogramsthatallowustocontinuetoprovideaffordableenergythatimprovesthequalityoflifeinbothemerginganddevelopedeconomies.0.35OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin566UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)WINTERSHALLDEA0.10%WintershallDeaiscommittedtobealeadingcompanyincarbon-efficientgasandoilproduction.AsaEuropeanmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsby2025company,westronglysupporttheEU`s2050carbon-asapercentagepervolumeofmarketedgasneutralitytarget.Toplayourpartinthiscommitment,wehavesetourselvesambitioustargets.WewanttobeDATAQUALITY2022METHANEnetzeroacrossourentireupstreamoperations–bothOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)operatedandnon-operated—by2030.ThisincludesScope1(direct)andScope2(indirect)greenhouse0.50gasemissionsonequitysharebasis.AsamemberoftheMethaneGuidingPrinciplesindustryinitiative,weNON-OPERATEDareworkingtowardsacontinualreductioninmethaneemissions.WehavecommittedtoachieveamethaneLEVELSemissionsintensityofbelow0.1%by2025andbeyond.12345Ourapproachtoreachthesetargetsisfocusedonfourpillars:Portfolio:WesteerouralreadygasdominantNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTportfoliotowardsloweremissions,byconsideringGHGemissionsasakeymetricandbyusingcarbonpricingwhenmakinginvestmentdecisions.Management:Wearecontinuallyworkingonimplementingenergyefficiencyandemissionreductionmeasuresinouractivities,e.g.byusingrenewableenergyinouroperations.In2022wekickedoffaglobalmeasurementcampaigntocoverallmaterialmethaneemissionsourcesofouroperatedassets.Nonoperatedassetstofollowduring2023.WestronglyengagewithourpartnerstoreducemethaneemissionsthroughLDARprogrammes,reduceflaringandoptimizeenergyefficiency.Offsetting:Weintendtoinvestinnature-basedsolutionstocompensateforunavoidableemissions.Technology:Weareinvestinginprojectslikecarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)andhydrogen.ByacceleratinghydrogenandCCSprojects,wearedeliveringourgoaltocontrolandreduceournetcarbonintensityfrominitialproductiontothefinalconsumptionofenergyandthereductionofScope1,2and3emissions.dottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,whereupstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin567UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)BAHÍADEBIZKAIAGAS(BBG)45%BAHÍADEBIZKAIAGAS(BBG)BahíadeBizkaiaGas(BBG)istheownerofaLiquefiedNaturalGas(LNG)RegasificationpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsPlantintheportofBilbao.WegetLNGfromtankersfromallby2025basedon2015estimatesovertheworldandtransformitintonaturalgasfordomestic,commercialandindustrialconsumptionandforthegenerationDATAQUALITY2022METHANEofelectricpower.ESTIMATES(kt)Ourreception,storageandregasificationoperationsarekey0.05tothesupplyofenergyintheBasqueCountryandtosupporttheSpanishandEuropeangassystems.OurstoragecapacityOPERATEDamountsto450,000m3inthreetanks(150,000m3each),whileoursendoutrateis800,000Nm3/h.Finally,ourjettyhasacapacityuptovesselsof270,000m3storagecapacity.WealsohaveatrucktankloadingstationtodeliverLNGtosatelliteplantsbyroadandthenecessaryfacilitiesforLNGcarrierload.Ourpartners:EnagásTransporteS.A.Uownsa50%shareinBBG.TheBasqueenergy(EVE)ownstheremaining50%shareinBBG.Missionandvision:OurmissionistoensurethesupplyofnaturalgasintheBasqueCountryandthesurroundingareas,contributetothediversificationofsupplysourcesintheSpanishgassystemandstrengthenthepositionoftheBasqueCountryandSpainasstrategicplayersintheSpanishandEuropeangassystems,respectively.OurinterestinourparticipationintheO&GMPistoknowaboutthelatesttechnologiestomeasurethefugitiveleaksandbeinginformedabouttheCH4futureregulationstoallowustoprepareourselvestechnicallyforpossiblenewrequirements.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin568UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.NOTARGET2022METHANECHENIEREESTIMATES(kt)-CheniereEnergyInc.(Cheniere)isthelargestproducerof3.42liquefiednaturalgas(LNG)intheUnitedStatesandtheDATAQUALITYsecondlargestLNGoperatorintheworld.AstheleadingU.S.LNGexporter,weconnectcustomerstoasecureOPERATEDsourceofaffordable,reliableandcleaner-burningenergy,supportingourcustomers’energyneedsandhelpingpowertheglobaltransitiontoalower-carbonfuture.CheniereownsandoperatestwonaturalgasliquefactionfacilitiesontheU.S.GulfCoastandthreetransmissionpipelinesacrossLouisiana,TexasandOklahoma.Cheniereaccountedfor11%oftheglobalLNGmarketin2022andhasproducedover3,000LNGcargoesthathavebeenexportedto39marketsworldwidesince2016.Cheniere’sclimatestrategyfocusesonscience,transparencyandcollaborationalongoursupplychaintomeasurelifecyclegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionstoidentifystrategicandcost-effectiveopportunitiestomitigateemissions.JoiningOGMP2.0isenhancedbyCheniere’sclimatestrategyinitiatives,includingourcollaborativeQuantification,Monitoring,ReportingandVerification(QMRV)programstobettercalculateemissionsinpartnershipwithnaturalgassuppliers,midstreamcompanies,shippingcompaniesandacademicinstitutions.In2022,CheniereinitiateditsQMRVprogramatitsliquefactionfacilitiesusingmulti-scalemeasurements.WebelieveanaccurateaccountingofemissionsisessentialinsettinganyemissionstargetandproposetodevelopamethaneemissionstargetinformedbytheQMRVprogram.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect20232024202520262027measurementsGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplangoldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredible69UNEPIMEO2023Reportpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5yearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)DESFA45%DESFASA,theleadinggasinfrastructurecompanyinGreece,isresponsiblefortheoperation,management,percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsutilizationanddevelopmentofthenationalgasgridanditsby2025basedon2015estimatesinterconnections,inatechnicallysoundandeconomicallyefficientway,inordertobestserveitsuserswithsafety,DATAQUALITY2022METHANEreliabilityandadequacy.DESFAoperates1466kmofGasESTIMATES(kt)network,55Meteringand/orRegulatingStations,4EntryPointStations,1CompressorStationand1LNGterminalof0.39usefulstoragecapacity225000m3LNG.OPERATEDCurrently,DESFAhasnonon-operatedassets.DESFAiscommittedtomanageallitsactivitiesforensuringLEVELSprotectionoftheenvironment,takingintoaccounttheprinciplesofsustainabilityandmaximumpreservationofnaturalwealth.InlinewiththeEUenergyandclimategoals,DESFAiscontributingtothenet-zerodecarbonisationby2050.Thereductionofthedirectandindirectemissionsofgreenhousegasesisourdistinctandstrongcommitment.Focusingonmethaneemissions,DESFAsetanabsoluteperformancetargetof45%methaneemissionsreductionfromthecompany’sactivitiesuntil2025,incomparisonwiththebaseyear2015,inlinewiththeUNGlobalMethaneAllianceinitiative.Toachievethistarget,DESFAimplementsseveralbestavailabletechniques(minimizeventingbyoptimizingoperations,intenseleakdetectionandrepairprograms,boiloffrecoveryinLNGterminaletc).Recently,DESFAoptimizedspecificpreventivemaintenanceoperationsleadingtosignificantmethaneemissionsreduction.DESFA’snewprojectsaredesignedpredominantlytominimizemethaneemissions.Moreover,DESFAparticipatesinassociations,workshopsandR&Dprojectstoshareknowledgeandadoptnoveltechniquesonmethaneemissionsreduction.12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin570UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)ENAGÁS45%Enagás,amidstreamcompanyandindependentEuropeanTSO,isaninternationalreferenceinthedevelopmentandpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsmaintenanceofgasinfrastructureandintheoperationby2025basedon2015estimatesandmanagementofgasnetworks.Enagásoperatesmorethan12,000kmofgaspipelines,19compressorstations,DATAQUALITY2022METHANE493regulationandmeteringstations,3undergroundOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)storagesand4LNGterminals.Enagásalsohasnationalandinternationalnon-operatedfacilitiesholdingstakesin2.62assets.Enagásiscommittedtoachievingcarbonneutralityby2040.Tothisend,ithasoutlinedadecarbonizationpathwaywithemissionreductiontargetsalignedwiththe1.5ºCtemperatureincreasescenario.ThereductionofmethaneemissionsisacornerstoneofourDecarbonisationStrategy.Enagás’effortstoreducetheseemissionsarebasedonthefollowingpillars:TheScope1&2emissionreductiontargetsincludetheGlobalMethaneAlliancemethaneemissionsreductioncommitment,whichwillreducemethaneemissionsfromourbusinessby45%by2025and60%by2030(vs2015).Improvementofdataaccuracy:Quantificationaccordingtothemostaccuratemethods.Mitigationmeasures:Implementationofthebestavailabletechniquestominimizetheemissions.ImplementingspecificactionsthatEnagáshasidentifiedandplannedaspartofitsEnergyEfficiencyandEmissionsReductionPlans(Toelectrifyturbocompressorsforelectriconesby2040andproposestheuseofrenewablegases(biomethaneandhydrogen)asoperatinggas).NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin571UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)ENERGINETGASTRANSMISSION10%EnerginetGastransmissionistheDanishgastransmissionoperator.EnerginetGastransmissionisoperatingaround1250percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionskilometresofpipelinewithtwolargercompressorstations,by2025basedon2019estimatesfivesmallercompressorstationsforinjectionofbiomethane,and44regulationandmeteringstations.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)EnerginetGastransmissionispartofEnerginetthatisownedbytheDanishGovernment,andtheframeworkforEnerginet's0.26portfoliooftaskshasbeendeterminedbylaw.Energinethasoverallclimategoalsto:-Worktowardsemissionsfromnaturalgasbeingcarbon-neutralby2050-Transmissionlossesandenergyconsumptionforthetransmissiongridarecarbon-neutralby2030TheDanishGasTransmissionnetworkisexpandingrapidlyaccordingtoitssizeinthelastfewyearsandtheyearstocome.SomeoftheexpansionsareduetoanincreasingbiomethaneproductioninDenmarkwheretheproductionishigherthantheconsumptionofthelocalgridsandthereforeneedstobeinjectedintothetransmissiongrid.Thegridisalsoexpandedbypoliticallydecidedgasinfrastructureprojects,includingBalticPipe.EnerginetGastransmissionhasdecidedonanabsolutereductiontargetof10%by2025,butduetothelargeincreaseinassetstherealreductionis40-50%.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect2024202520262027measurements2023goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin572UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)EUSTREAM45%Eustreamistheoperatorofthemajorhigh-pressuregastransmissionsystemintheterritoryofSlovakia.ItisanpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsimportantenergytransmissionhubinCentralEurope.by2025basedon2015estimatesEustreamprovides:-Bi-directionalwest-easttransitbackbone,supplyinggasDATAQUALITY2022METHANEfromtheEuropeanUniontoUkraine,ESTIMATES(kt)-Bi-directionalnorth-southtransitcorridor,enablingaccesstoLNGterminalsinPolandandCroatia1.93Since1972,nearly3,000billioncubicmetersofgashaveOPERATEDbeentransportedbyeustream.ThetransmissionsystemconsistsoffourtofiveparallelpipelineswithadiameterofLEVELS1200or1400mm.Theenergyrequiredforthecontinuousflowofgasisprovidedbyfivecompressorstationswithan12345installedpowerofalmost500MW.NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTEustreamisactivelyinvolvedinanumberofactivitiesaimedatreducingitscarbonfootprint,inparticularthetransportoflow-carbonandrenewablegasesandthereductionofmethaneemissions.Eustreamisdevelopingnumerousgreenhydrogenprojects,includingoutstandinghydrogenbackboneprojectsconnectingUkrainewiththeEU.Eustreamhasexcellentresultsinmethaneemissionreduction,havingcoordinatedeffortformorethandecadeinvariousfields:-Significantmodernizationofthenetworktowardslowemissiontechnologies,-Minimizationofventinginoperations,-ImplementationofdetailedandcoordinatedLDARsystemThesethreesetsofmeasureshavecontributedtoasignificantandgradualreductionofmethaneemissionsatEustream.EustreamisamemberofOGMPfrom2020andcontinuestoworkcontinuouslytoreducemethaneemissionsandimprovereportingaccuracy.GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin573UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)EWEGASSPEICHER40%SincetheseventiesofthepastcenturyEWEGASSPEICHERGmbH(EWE)plans,buildsandoperatescavernstoragesforpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsnaturalgasinnorthernGermany.Untilnow,EWEownsfourby2025basedon2020estimateslocationswithatotalnumberof38caverns.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEOverlast50yearsofoperation,EWEhascontinuouslyESTIMATES(kt)improvedtheoperatingproceduresandhasmodernizedtheexistingconstructionsandinstallations.Besidecommercial0.05interests,thesemeasurementsservedtheenvironmentalprotection,especiallywhenitcomestothemitigationofmethaneemissions.Examplesofmeasuresintroducedincludethermaluseofvaporsingasdryingfacilities,reversecompressionofsealleakagesbyreciprocatingcompressorsorflaringofoperationalgasreleases.Currently,withhighlydevelopedmatureandcomplexfacilitiesandbyusinginnovativeproceduresEWEensuresastate-of-the-artemissionsmanagement,whichisconsideredtobeabovetheindustryaverage.Inadditiontothis,EWEstrivestomakefurtherimprovements.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin574UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)FGSZ50%FGSZLtdistheownerandoperatoroftheHungarianhigh-pressurenaturalgaspipelinesystemservicinggaspercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsdistributioncompanies,powerplantsandlargeindustrialby2025basedon2015estimatesconsumers.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEFGSZistheonlytransmissionsystemoperator(TSO)ESTIMATES(kt)inHungary,conductingitsactivitiesinaregulatedmarketenvironment.Weoperateinaccordancewiththe2.21applicableHungarianandEUlawsatalltimes,andFGSZisoneofthefirstEuropeanindependentTSOstoholdanITOOPERATEDcertificate.Inadditiontoitsdomesticgastransmissionactivity,FGSZtransmitsgasfromAustriatoHungary,anditisalsoengagedinbi-directionaldeliverieswithRomania,Croatia,Ukraine,Serbia,andSlovakia,whileweconstantlyexaminetheinterconnectionpossibilitieswithSlovenia.Physicalproperties-5.889kmofpipelines,loopedsystem-7.229kmtelecommunicationscablenetwork-6cross-borderinterconnections-10compressorstations-25physicalentrypoints-~400deliveryfacilities-~700employeesPartners-7adjacentTSOs-1dominantandseveralsmallerproducers-2storageoperators-6largeDSOs-45shippers-80+wholesaleshippersLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20222023202420252026goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin575UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)FLUXYSBELGIUM66%FluxysBelgiumisanindependentenergyinfrastructurecompanywithnointerestsinthegenerationorsaleofpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsenergy.In2012,CREG,theBelgianfederalregulator,by2025basedon2017estimatescertifiedFluxysBelgiumasatransmissionsystemoperatorthatworksentirelyseparateIyfromnaturalgasDATAQUALITY2022METHANEsuppliersandproducers.ThecompanyhasmorethanESTIMATES(kt)90yearsofexperienceinthedevelopment,financing,construction,operationandmaintenanceofgas2.82infrastructures.With900employees,thecompanyoperates4,000kmofhighpressuretransmissionpipelinesandassociatedinfrastructure(4compressorstationsand192pressurereductionstations),aliquifiednaturalgasterminaltotallingayearlyregasificationcapacityof104TWhandanundergroundstoragefacilitywithatotalcapacityof7.6TWh.Asapurpose-ledcompany,FluxysBelgiumtogetherwithitsstakeholderscontributestoabettersocietybyshapingabrightenergyfuture.Buildingontheuniqueassetsofgasinfrastructureanditscommercialandtechnicalexpertise,FluxysBelgiumiscommittedtotransportinghydrogen,biomethaneoranyothercarbon-neutralenergycarrieraswellasCO2,accommodatingthecapture,usageandstorageofthelatter.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin576UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)GASCADEGASTRANSPORTGmbH50%ThefullyregulatedandcertifiedtransmissionsystemoperatorGASCADEGastransportGmbHindependentlypercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsoperatesagaspipelinenetworkthroughoutGermany.by2025basedon2015estimatesBasedinKassel,thecompanyoffersitscustomersstate-of-the-artandcompetitivetransportservicesforgasesinDATAQUALITY2022METHANEtheheartofEuropeviathecompany'sownhigh-pressureESTIMATES(kt)pipelinenetwork,whichisaround3,250kilometreslong.Forthedecarbonizedenergyfuture,GASCADEis0.99pursuingthegoalofconvertingitstransmissionnetworktothetransportofhydrogenandisthereforeactiveinseveralspecificonshoreandoffshoreprojectsforthetransportationofhydrogen.WiththeentryinthecommercialregisteronAugust31,2023,the80percentfractionalownershipofW&GTransportHoldingGmbH(WGTH)intheOPALwastransferredtoGASCADEGastransportGmbH(GASCADE)bywayofspin-offoftheregulatedpartoftheoperation.GASCADE'spipelinesystemisnowmorethan3,700kilometerslong.OPERATEDNON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin577UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)GASCONNECTAUSTRIA10%GasConnectAustriaisanAustriangasnetworkoperatorwithahigh-pressurenaturalgaspipelinenetworkofpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsaround900km.Itisclearfromourmissionstatementthatby2025basedon2015estimateswetakesustainableaccountoftheimpactonpeopleandtheenvironment.WethereforefocusalsoonthereductionDATAQUALITY2022METHANEofme-thaneemissions.WeuseestablishedmanagementESTIMATES(kt)systemstoreduceandavoidenvironmentalpollution.0.49Thefollowingmanagementsystemsareoperatedandpractised:OPERATEDISO9001:QualitymanagementsystemLEVELSISO14001:Environmentmanagementsystem12345ISO50001:EnergymanagementsystemNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTISO45001:OccupationalhealthandsafetymanagementsystemISO27001:InformationsecuritymanagementsystemThesemanagementsystemsarecontinuouslymonitoredandauditedbyexternalcertifiedinspectionbodies.Inthepastwedidalotofinitiativestoavoidandreducemethaneemissions.Wearegenerallysub-jecttoacontinuousimprovementprocess,whichwenaturallyalsoapplytoourenvironmentalper-formance.Thisapproachisconfirmed,forexample,byourparticipationinOGMP2.0.Inthecourseofthisparticipation,wehaverefinedourreportingsystemwithregardtomethaneemissionsand,amongotherthings,initiatednewreductionandavoidancemeasures.Ofcourse,wearestrivingtoachievetheGoldStandardbyimplementingtherequirementsresultingfromourparticipationinOGMP2.0tothebestofourabilityandwithinthespecifiedtimeframe.Ingeneralthedecarbonisa-tionrequirementstonetzeroisamajorchallengeforus.Tomeetthischallenge,wehavedevel-opedreductiontargetsforCO2andCH4tobeachievedthroughtheimplementationofplannedreductionmeasures.GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin578UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)GASSTORAGEDENMARK45%GasStorageDenmarkownsandoperate2storagesitesinDenmark.StenlilleisanaquaferstorageandLl.Torupisasaltcavernstorage.GasStorageDenmarkwant'stocontritibutetothegreentransitionoftheenergysystems,bytransformingundergroundstoragefrommethanestoragetomultistorageofmethane,biomethane,hydrogen,CO2e.g.,butalsotakepartofbringingdowntheemissionofmethane.percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsby2025basedon2021estimatesDATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)0.18OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20232024202520262027goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin579UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)GASTRANSMISSIONOPERATORGAZ-SYSTEM0.032%GAZ-SYSTEMplaysastrategicroleinthePolisheconomy.Thecompanyisresponsiblefornaturalgastransmission,m3lostmethane/m3transmittednaturalgasoperatesmajorgaspipelinesinPolandandtheBalticPipeunderseagaspipeline,andcontrolsthePresidentLechKaczyńskiLNGTerminalinŚwinoujście.Aspartofthe2015-2025investmentprogramme,GAZ-SYSTEMisdevelopingover2000kmofnewgaspipelinesinwestern,southernandeasternpartsofPoland.InterconnectionswithLithuaniaandSlovakiahavebeencompleted,aswellasthedesignofonshoregaspipelinesthatwillconnecttheplannedFSRUfloatingterminalintheGdanskBaytothenationaltransmissionsystem.TheLNGTerminalinŚwinoujścieisalsobeingexpanded,whichwillincreaseitsregasificationcapacitybymorethanhalf.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)34643.7.98NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20222023202420252026goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin580UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)GASUNIEDEUTSCHLANDTRANSPORTSERVICESGmbH29%GasunieDeutschlandTransportServicesGmbH(GUD)isasaindependentsubsidiarycompanypartofthepercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsdutchenergyinfrastructurecompanyN.V.Nederlandseby2025basedon2015estimatesGasunie.Gasunie'swholenetworkisoneofthelargesthigh-pressurepipelinenetworksinEuropeandconsistsDATAQUALITY2022METHANEofover17,000kilometersofpipelinesintheNetherlandsESTIMATES(kt)andGermany.InGermanyGUDoperatesahighpressurepipelinenetworkofapprox.3.000kmandisJVpartnerfor3414.137.98approx.1.800kmhighpressurepipelinegrid.GasunieishelpingtoacceleratethetransitiontoaCO2-neutralenergysupply.Thecompanybelievesthatinnovationsinthegassectorcanmakeanimportantcontributiontothis,forexampleintheformofrenewablegasessuchashydrogenandgreengas.Whenitcomestohydrogen,scaleandanintegratedapproachtotheentirehydrogenchainareimportant.Gasunieisthereforeinvestingininnovativepartnershipsandahydrogenbackbonefortransportandstorage.Bothexistingandnewgasinfrastructureareimportantinthiscontext.Gasunie,asafoundingmemberoftheEuropeanGreenGasInitiative,hassetitselfthegoalofachievinga100%climate-neutralgastransportinfrastructureby2050.Thetransportofhydrogen,syntheticmethaneorbiogasarethedecisivestepstoachievethisgoal.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin581UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)N.V.NEDERLANDSEGASUNIE31%Gasuniemanagesandmaintainstheinfrastructureforlarge-scaletransportandstorageofgasinthepercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsNetherlandsandthenorthernpartofGermany.Safety,by2025basedon2020estimatesreliability,sustainabilityandcost-effectivenessarecentralineverythingwedo.OurcompanywasfoundedinDATAQUALITY2022METHANE1963,fouryearsafterthediscoveryofnaturalgasintheOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)northernDutchprovinceofGroningen.WeareapubliclimitedcompanyunderDutchlawandfullyownedbythe3344.33.398StateoftheNetherlands.Gasuniehastwosubsidiariesthatmanagethegastransportnetwork:GasunieNON-OPERATEDDeutschlandinGermany,andGasunieTransportServices(GTS)intheNetherlands.LEVELSOurmission:12345GasunieisaleadingEuropeanenergyinfrastructurecompanywhosecoreactivitiesaregastransportandgasNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTstorage.Weservethepublicinterestandfacilitatetheenergytransitionbyprovidingintegratedinfrastructureservices.Wefocusonvaluecreationforourshareholder(s)andotherstakeholdersandapplythehighestsafetyandbusinessstandardsusedinthesector.Ourvision:Webelieveinasustainablefuturewithabalancedenergymixandalastingrolefordiversifiedgas.Webelievethatweserveourcustomersbestwithinnovativegasandrelatedinfrastructuresolutions.Ourthreepillars-Ensuringasafe,reliable,affordableandsustainablegasinfrastructureinourcorearea.-ContributingtoanefficientgasinfrastructureandservicesforaproperlyfunctioningEuropeannaturalgasandLNGmarket.-Acceleratingthetransitiontoacarbon-neutralenergysupply.dottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin582UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)GRTGAZ80%GRTgazisthemaingastransmissionsystemoperatorinFrancewithmorethan32,000kmofpipelinestopercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionstransportgasfromsupplierstoconsumersconnectedtoby2025basedon2016estimatesitsnetwork.GRTgazhas2subsidiaries:Elengy,aleaderinLNGterminalservicesinEurope,andGRTgazDeutschland,DATAQUALITY2022METHANEaGermantransportnetworkoperator.DuetothelegalOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)constraintsoftheFrenchEnergyCode,Elengyhasitsownmethane-reductiontrajectoryandisthereforereportedas6.21non-operated.AsanOGMPmember,GRTgazDeutschlandisreportedseparatelyfromGRTgaz.NON-OPERATEDIn2016,GRTgazsetanambitiousstrategicobjectiveofLEVELSdividingitsmethaneemissionsby3in2020.GRTgazsuccessfullyachievedthistargetandisnowpursuingtheeffortstocontinuouslyreduceitsmethaneemissions.GRTgazisnowtargetingtodivideby5itsmethaneemissionsby2025,comparedto2016.Thisrepresentsadecreaseof16.2ktCH4between2016and2025.GRTgazisanactivememberoftheOGMP2.0TaskForces,theMethaneGuidingPrinciples,GIE/Marcogazworkinggroups,andEuropeanGERGR&Dprojects.AmongtheR&DprojectscarriedoutbyRICE(theGRTgazresearchcentre),GRTgazparticipatesintheGERGresearchprojectontop-downmeasurements.WithinGIE/MarcogazmethaneWorkingGroup,GRTgazisamaincontributortorecommendationdocumentsandadvocatesforbettermethanemanagementthroughseveralpresentationsinseminarsandwebinars.InFrance,GRTgazworkscloselywiththeothergasinfrastructureoperatorstopromotemethanereductionactionsandwillkeeponpromotingsoundandthoroughmethanereductionpracticesacrossthegassupplychainintheupcomingyears.12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin583UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)GRTGAZDEUTSCHLAND60%GRTgazDeutschlandisashareholderofMEGALGmbH&Co.KG,thepipelinesystemofthesamenameinGermany.percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsTheMEGALpipelinesystemisapartofthemarketareaby2025basedon2009estimatesTHEandoffersabi-directionalcrossborderpointattheGerman-CzechborderinWaidhaus,attheGerman-FrenchDATAQUALITYborderinMedelsheimaswellasatthebi-directionalcrossborderpointattheGerman-AustrianborderinOberkappel.TheMEGALpipelinesystemconsistsoftwopipelines:theMEGALNord(North)pipelineandtheMEGALSüd(South)pipelinewhichareconnectedviaa40km-longconnectionlinebetweenSchwandorfandRothenstadt.AsthemainconnectorofEasternandWesternEurope,GRTgazDeutschlandmanagesatransportsystemthatmoveslargeamountsofnaturalgasthroughSouthernGermany.OurnetworkconnectsthegasinfrastrutureofGermanywiththatofourparentcompanyinFranceaswellasthenetworksofCzechiaandAustria.AspartoftheGermanandEuropeangasinfrastructure,weplayacriticalroleinsecuringalastinggasenergysupplyinGermanandEurope.Asateam,weensurefirst-classservices,adiscrimination-freenetworkaccess,andmaintainclosecontactwithourcustomers.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTAllnon-operatedassetsreportedbyOGMP2.0membersGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin584UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2028TARGET(absolutereduction)JSAMBERGRID20%OperatoroftheLithuaniannaturalgastransmissionsystem,responsibleforthetransmissionofnaturalpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsgastoconsumersandtheoperation,maintenance,andby2028basedon2022estimatesdevelopmentofinfrastructure.ThegoalofAmberGridistotransformthenaturalgassystemby2030,adaptingittotransportrenewableenergyresourcessafelyandcreatingacleanerfutureforeveryone.WeplantoadaptthegastransmissionsystemtonewenergysothatLithuania'spipelinescarrynotonlynaturalgasandbiogasbutalsohydrogen.Weaimtocontributetoaclimate-friendlyeconomy.BytransportinggreenenergyinLithuaniaandabroeadandchanginggasusingequipmentwithcleanelectricenginecompressor,boilers.Wereducetheimpactonclimatechangebyfocusingonenergyfromrenewables.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)0.83OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20232024202520262027goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin585UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)MEDGAZ10%MedgazisinchargeofoperatingthedirectgaspipelinefromAlgeriatoSpain.MedgazstartedtheactivityonpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsApril2011,withacapacityof8BCM/yearofnaturalgasby2025basedon2020estimatesandwithoutinterruptionsincethen.Aftertheentryintooperationofthefourthturbocompressoron1stJuly2022DATAQUALITY2022METHANE(theExpansionproject)thecapacityofthepipelinehasESTIMATES(kt)increasedupto10,16BCM/year.0.9MedgazoperatesthesystemcomprisingacompressorstationinBeni-Saf,Algeriawith4turbocompressors,OPERATEDanoffshorepipelinefromBeniSaftoAlmería,Spainwithalengthof210km,24inchesNDandamaximumdepthLEVELSof2.165meters,andareceptionterminalinAlmería.AftertheExpansionprojectperformedbetween2018and123452022,theyearlyemissionshavebeenmodifiedaccordingtoproduction(4turbocompressorsinstalledinsteadof3).NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTMedgaz,respectfuloftheenvironment,isapplyingbestpracticesandlookingfortechnicalandproceduredottedpattern=incompletedataimprovementstohelppreservingoursurroundings.Inthatsense,MedgazHSEdepartmentreportsmethaneemissionsfrommainemissionsourcesonamonthlybasis,bothinternallyandtoourshareholders.Thereportinginvolvesmainequipmentdepressurizationaswellasnaturalgasself-consumed(burned).YearlytargetsestablishedhavetheaimofreducingtheimpactofMedgazactivity.MedgazhasbeenengagedinmethaneemissionsreductionbyjoiningtheOGMPanddesigningareductionplanfortheupcomingyears.Performancetargetistoreduceemissionsupto10%ofreportedquantityby2025.Inaddition,aspartoritscommitmenttopositionMedgazasalowcarbonenergyinfrastructure,Medgazisanalyzinginitiativestoreduceitscarbonfootprint(methane,CO2)andimproveitsESGmetrics.GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin586UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)THENATIONALGASCOMPANYOFTRINIDADANDTOBAGO25%TheNationalGasCompanyofTrinidadandTobagoLimited(NGC)anditssubsidiariesareanintegratedgroupofenergypercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionscompaniesoperatinginTrinidadandTobago'senergysector,by2025basedon2021estimateswithagrowingpresenceinotherjurisdictions.Aprofitableandhigh-performingstateenterprise,parentcompany,NGCDATAQUALITY2022METHANEplaysapivotalroleinTrinidadandTobago`sgas-basedenergyOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)sectorandisstrategicallypositionedalongtheentirenaturalgasvaluechain.Throughitspeople,investments,strategic5.99partnershipsandpioneeringgaspricingmodel,NGChassecuredtheprofitabilityofthelocalgas-basedenergysectorandcatalysedthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofTrinidadandTobagoforfourandahalfdecades.NGC'scorebusinessistheaggregation,purchase,sale,transportation,anddistributionofnaturalgasinTrinidadandTobago.Otherareasofbusinessinclude(non-operated)jointventureoilproduction;marketingandtradingofenergycommodities;portfolioinvestments;technicalservices;engineering;procurementandconstructionservicesandactivitiesinthesustainableenergyspace,includingrenewableenergyandenergyefficiencyprojectsandinvestments.NGCowns,maintains,andoperatesmostofTrinidadandTobago'sgaspipelinenetworkofapproximately1,000km,bothoffshoreandonshore.Thecapacityofthenetworkis4.4billionstandardcubicfeetperday(Bcf/d),supplyingpowergeneration,world-scalepetrochemicalplants,andawiderangeofnon-petrochemicallightmanufacturing,industrialandcommercialenterprises.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataAllnon-operatedassetsreportedbyOGMP2.0membersGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20222023202420252026goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin587UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.NELGastransportGmbH(NGT)ThefullyregulatedandcertifiedtransmissionsystemoperatorNELGastransportGmbH(NGT)independentlyoperatestheNorthEuropeanNaturalGasPipeline(NordeuropäischeErdgasleitung–NEL)andisresponsiblefortransportingnaturalgasinasafeandreliablemanner.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)50%percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsby2025basedon2015estimatesDATAQUALITYNON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTAllnon-operatedassetsreportedbyOGMP2.0membersGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin588UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)NIGERIALNGLTD0,04%NigeriaLNGLimited(NLNG)isoneoftheworld’stopsuppliersofLNG.NLNGwasincorporatedasaLimitedtotalamountofmethaneemissionsLiabilityCompanyonMay17,1989,toharnessNigeria’sasapercentageofproducedLNGvastnaturalgasresourcesandproduceLiquefiedNaturalGas(LNG)andNaturalGasLiquids(NGLs)forexport.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)NLNGisanIncorporatedJointVentureownedinthefollowingproportions:NigerianNationalPetroleum3.83CompanyLimited(NNPCL)(49%),ShellGasB.V.(25.6%),TotalEnegiesGaz&ElectricitéHoldings(15%),andEniInternationalN.A.N.V.S.àr.l(10.4%).NLNGhasatotalproductioncapacityof22MillionTonsPerAnnum(mtpa)ofLNGand5mtpaofNaturalGasLiquids(NGLs)fromitssix-trainplantcomplex.In2019,NLNGshareholderstooktheFinalInvestmentDecision(FID)onits7thtrainandawardedtheEngineering,ProcurementandConstruction(EPC)contractsfortheplantexpansionin2020.Thelong-awaitedexpansionwillincreaseproductioncapacityby35percentfrom22mtpato30mtpaandenhanceNLNG’scompetitivenessintheglobalmarket.Train7isexpectedtostartproductionin2026.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20232024202520262027goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin589UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)NOWEGA75%NowegaisaTSObasedinMünsterwithaworkforceofover100.Wecurrentlyoperateandmarketaround1500percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionskmofhigh-pressuregaspipelines-fromtheDutchborderby2025basedon2015estimatesacrossLowerSaxonyandthroughpartsofNorthRhineWestphalia.OurnetworkstructurehasgrownhistoricallyDATAQUALITY2022METHANEtogetherwiththeproductionactivitiesintheNorthESTIMATES(kt)GermanregionandisuniqueamongitskindinGermany.Inournetworkweoperateonecompressorstationand0.08threebiogasfeed-inplantswithatotalcapacityof2MW.OPERATEDNowegaisacutelyawareofitsresponsibilitynotonlytowardsitsownemployees,buttowardstheenvironment,thecommunity,andthecustomers.Withthereliableandeconomicoperationofpipelinenetworksandplants,wemakeanimportantcontributiontothesecurityofsupply.Fordecades,wehavebeencarryingoutmaintenanceandservicingmeasures(e.g.,LDARmeasures),someofwhichgoaboveandbeyondtherequirementsoftheDVGWregulations,withtheaimofreducingtheimpactontheenvironment.Reducingemissionswhilemaintainingsecurityofsupplyisofparamountimportancetous,whichiswhywealwaysfollowthebestpracticeapproach,lookingfornewtechnologiesandmethods,e.g.,forgasleakdetection.NowegaisafoundingmemberoftheGETH2Initiative,whichaimstoestablishaGermany-widehydrogeninfrastructure-thebasisforthegradualtransitionfromanaturalgasgridtoahydrogeninfrastructure.Inourview,anH2infrastructurewillmakeasignificantcontributiontotheCO2-neutralenergysupplyofthefuture.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin590UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)ONTRAS0.04%ONTRASGastransportoperatesthe7,700kilometregastransmissionsystemineasternGermanyandismaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsby2025responsibleforthereliableandefficienttransportofasapercentageofoperatedassetsovertransportedgasgaseousenergy-todayandinthefuture.Weareactivelyshapingtheenergymarketofthefuture,contributingDATAQUALITY2022METHANEideasanddevelopingsustainablesolutionsforourESTIMATES(kt)infrastructure.Indoingso,werelyonreliabletechnology,manyyearsofexperienceandadedicatedteam.Ourgas1.40infrastructureiscompatiblewithrenewablegasesandthusalsosupportsavarietyofusecasesforhydrogen,suchasmaterialapplications,mobilityandheat.Aspartofthiseffortweareconstantlyworkingonmakingourinfrastructurereadyfortheintegrationofrenewablegasessuchashydrogenandbiomethaneandstrengtheningoureffortsinreducingthecarbon-footprintofouractivities.WearethereforedelightedtobepartoftheOGMP2.0initiativeenablingustoworktogetherwithrenownedpartnersfromacrosstheentirevaluechainsupportingustomonitor,reportandreduceverifiablythemethaneemissionsofouroperationsandtherebycontributetothedecarbonisationofourenergysystem.WiththeONTRASH2-Startnetz,wewanttolaythefoundationforthehydrogeninfrastructureineasternGermany.By2030,anetworkofmorethan900kilometresofpipelinesistobecreated.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin591UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)OPALGastransportGmbH&Co.KG(OGT)50%OPALGastransportGmbH&Co.KGisthenetworkoperatoroftheBalticSeaPipelineLink(OPAL,forshort)percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsandresponsiblefortransportingnaturalgassafelyandby2025basedon2015estimatesreliablyonOPALfromLubminnearGreifswaldtotheendpointoftheOPALnearBrandov(CZ)ontheGerman-Czechborder.BasedinKassel,thecompanyoffersitscustomersstate-of-the-artandcompetitivetransportservicesintheheartofEuropeviathecompany'sownhigh-pressurepipeline,whichisaround470kilometreslong.WiththeentryinthecommercialregisteronAugust31,2023,the80percentfractionalownershipofW&GTransportHoldingGmbH(WGTH)intheOPALwastransferredtoGASCADEGastransportGmbH(GASCADE)bywayofspin-offoftheregulatedpartoftheoperation.Sincethen,OGTwasdissolved.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)0.12OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin592UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)OPENGRIDEUROPE55%OGEisoneofEurope´sleadinggastransmissionsystemoperators.WeoperatethelongestpipelinenetworkofallpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsGermanTSOsandplayakeyroleinensuringsafeandby2025basedon2009estimatesreliabletransportofgaseousenergycarriersthroughoutEurope.WecontinuetofurtherdeveloptheinfrastructureDATAQUALITY2022METHANEtomovenaturalgastodayandgreengasesinthefuture.OPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)WewanttomakeasignificantcontributiontoclimateprotectioninGermanyandEurope.Hence,weareactively2.42workingonthetransformationofnaturalgastogreengases.Furthermore,weareengagedineffortstoincreasethesecurityandqualityofournaturalgastransmissionservices.Thatincludestacklingtheissueofmethaneemissionswithinourpipelinenetwork.OGEisactivelyworkingtoreducemethaneemissionsfromthetransmissionofnaturalgas.Wehavelongbeentakingvariousmeasurestoreducemethaneemissionsinourpartofthevaluechainandwearestrivingformore.Tofurtherreduceourmethaneemissionsandcontinuetotaketheleadonthisissue,wehavesetourselvesthegoalofachievinga55%reductionby2025comparedto2009.Tothisend,wehaveidentifiedandareapplyingmeaningfulnewtechnicalmeasurestocurbemissions.Theseinclude,forexample,theuseofmobilecompressors,atechnologywhichwewillcontinuetodevelopandstrengthen.Weareacommittedmemberofseveralinitiativesandassociationstoworkalongsideourpublicandprivatepartnerstotackletheissueofmethaneemissionsthroughoutthegasindustry.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin593UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)REN30%RENisthePortuguesehighpressurenaturalgastransmissionsystemoperator,andveryhighvoltagepercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionselectricitytransmissionsystemoperator,andundertakesby2025basedon2018estimatestheglobalsystemmanagementofbothnationalelectricandnaturalgassystemsundertheframeworkofpublicserviceDATAQUALITY2022METHANEconcessions.RENisadditionallytheconcessionholderforOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)thePortugueseLNGplantinSinesandtheUndergroundStoragefacilityinCarriço.RENalsoholdsstakesin0.1Electrogas,aChileangastransmissionsystemoperator,whosefacilitiesconstitutenon-operatedassetsforREN.NON-OPERATEDAlongwithitsambitionofmaintainingoneofEurope’sleadingposition,whenitcomestorenewableenergysourcesintegrationandasaleadingplayerinoperationalperformance,RENiscommittedtoUN’ssustainabledevelopmentgoals,engaginginseveralinitiativesintheenvironmental,socialandgovernancearea,suchasreforestation,globalwarminglimitationorgenderequality.SustainabledevelopmentisthusoneofREN'scorevaluesandpresentthroughoutallitsactivities.Motivatedbytheoverarchinggoalofbecomingcarbonneutralby2040,RENparticipatesintheOil&GasMethanePartnershipaspartoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgram,whichaimsatsystematicallyandresponsiblyreducemethaneemissions.Byimplementingbestpracticesinthenaturalgassector,RENseekstoactivelycontributetotheimprovementofthequalityoflifeofcitizensandtofightingclimatechangesbycuttingdownnoxiousgasemissionsandsettingthestageforatransformationalchangethatwillhelppreserveandrestorenatureandbiodiversity.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin594UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)RETRAGAS0.3%Retragassrl,acompanyofA2AS.p.A.Group,isaregionalnaturalgastransportcompanyoperatinginnorthernItalyEmissionfrompipilinegaswhosenetworkislocateddownstreamoftheregionalnotreturnedtotheusernetworkofthelargesttransportcompanyandisdirectlyinterconnectedtothelatter.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)Retragasefficientlymanagestheservicethroughitsregionaltransportsystem,handlingmorethan360million0.09cubicmetersofnaturalgaslastyear2022.OPERATEDWearepresentwithournetworks(over400km)andplants(8primaryinterconnectioncabins)inLombardyandTrentino-Alto-Adige.Basicserviceprovidedisthecontinuousandinterruptibletransportofnaturalgasontheregionalnetworktoaccreditedsectoroperators(shippers,traders).Gasisreceivedatthedeliverypointsofanetworkscopeandtransportedtotheredeliverypointsofthesamescope.ServiceissubjecttotransporttariffsdeterminedaccordingtotheindicationsoftheRegulatoryAuthorityforEnergy,NetworksandEnvironment.Tomanagetheprovisionofthebasicserviceinconditionsofsafetyandeconomy,Retragasmakesavailableancillaryservicessuchas,bywayofexample,themanagementoftransportdata,thetransferofcapacity,transfersandtransfersofcapacity,theoperationalbalancingofthetransportsystem,administrativebalancing,compliancewiththeminimumpressurevaluesattheredeliverypointsandthepermissiblegasqualityintervals,theplanningandmanagementofmaintenance,invoicingandmanagementofserviceemergencies.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect20212022202320242025measurementsGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplangoldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredible95UNEPIMEO2023Reportpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5yearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)SAGGAS45%SAGGASTheSaggasCompanyownstheregasificationplantlocatedintheportofSagunto,akeyinfrastructureofpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionstheSpanishenergysector.Saggasprovidesgreatersecurityby2025basedon2015estimatesandefficiencytothenationalgassystembydiversifyingthenaturalgasentrypointsandplacingourselvescloseDATAQUALITY2022METHANEtothefinalconsumptionpoints.TheproximitytothemainESTIMATES(kt)producingcountriesinAfricaandtheMiddleEastmeansthatSaguntoplantisstrategicallylocated.0.002Liquefiednaturalgas(LNG)arrivesatSaggasfacilitiesbyLNGvessels;itischangedtheliquidtoagasandplaceitintothebasicnetworkofgaspipelines.Saggasservicesincludes:vesselunloading,storageofLNG,regasification,loadingofroadtankers,reloadingofmethanetankers,loadingofLNGtosmall-scalevessels.Allprocessesusestate-of-the-arttechnologiesandarecarriedoutunderthestrictestsafetyandqualitycontrols.Asamemberoftheenergysector,SaggasaimstoimproveitsglobalperformanceandprovideasolidbaseinordertodevelopinitiativesintheareasofSustainableDevelopment,EnergyandClimateChange.Saggasguaranteesthedevelopmentanduseofefficienttechnologies.SaggasCarbonStrategyPlan2014–2020wasourfirstgoal,sothat,weareonthevergeofbeingmoreambitiousinoursecondCarbonStrategyPlan2021-2026.Wemoveforwardtogether.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin596UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)SNAM55%Snamisoneoftheworld’sleadingenergyinfrastructureoperators,focusedontransmission,storageandregasificationofnaturalgasinpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsItalyandonnewenergytransitioninitiatives(hydrogen,biomethane,by2025basedon2015estimatessustainablemobility,energyefficiency).ItisamongthetoptenItalianlistedcompaniesbymarketcapitalization.SnamiscommittedDATAQUALITY2022METHANEtorenewingitsinfrastructurewithhydrogen-readystandardsandOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)todevelopingintegratedprojectsalongthegreengasvaluechain,withinvestmentsinbiomethane,hydrogen,sustainablemobility17.06andenergyefficiency.Italsocreatesnewgreenareasthroughabenefitcompanyfocusedonforestationprojects.SnamhassecuredNON-OPERATEDtheacquisitionoftwofloatingregasificationunits(FSRU).Theshipshaveastoragecapacityof170,000cubicmetreseachandLEVELSfeedthegasintotheexistingnetworkafterregasifyingitfromitsliquidform(LNG)withanannualregasificationcapacityof5billion12345cubicmetres.Thefirstonewilloperatestartingfrom2023,thesecondby2024.Toaccountmethaneemissions,SnamdevelopedNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTaninternationalmethodologyincollaborationwithGRI-USEPAforover20years,integratedwithemissionfactorsbasedonfieldAllnon-operatedassetsreportedbyOGMP2.0membersmeasurementscarriedoutbyexternalcompaniessincethe1990s.Overthelastyears,emissionfactorsforfugitiveemissionshavebeenupdated,basedonmeasurementcampaigninrepresentativefacilities,inaccordancewithEN15446.Since2021Snamincreaseditsabsolutemethaneemissionsreductiontargetfrom-45%to-55%by2025vs.2015relatedtotheoperatedbusiness,amoreambitioustargetthanthatindicatedbytheOGMP2.0protocol.During2022Snamdefinedanewabsolutemethaneemissionsreductiontargetof-65%by2030vs.2015relatedtotheoperatedbusiness,atargetalignedtowhatrecommendedbytheOGMP2.0.In2022Snammethaneemissionsdecreasedby46%vs2015.Methaneemissionreductionispartofanambitiousstrategytoachievecarbonneutrality(scope1and2)at2040,withintermediatetargetsby2025,2027and2030.SnamisalsoactivelyparticipatingindifferentWorkingGroupsandTaskForcesatEU/internationallevel(IGU,Marcogaz,GIE,CEN,GERG,MGPandothers),includingCDPactivitiesreaching“ClimateChangeA-List".Snam’stargets,resultsandactivitiestoreduceemissionsaredisclosedintheSustainability/FinancialdisclosureonClimateChangeReports(https://www.snam.it/en/Investor_Relations/Reports/Annual_Reports/index.html)GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin597UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)STORENGYDEUTSCHLANDGmbH35%StorengyDeutschlandGmbHbundlestheENGIEgroup’sgasstorageactivitiesinGermany.Itscorebusinesspercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsincludesplanning,constructionandoperationofstorageby2025basedon2016estimatesfacilitiesandmarketingofgasstoragecapacities.StorengyoperatessixgasstoragefacilitiesacrossGermanyandoffersstorageservicesforthirdparties:technicaloperationsmanagement,technicaldispatchingandmaintenance.Alreadybelowthe“nearzero”emissionsintensitythreshold(asdefinedbytheOGCI),StorengyDeutschlandGmbHengagesitself,throughitsparticipationtoOGMP2.0,tocontinueitseffortstoreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,especiallyintermofmethaneemission.StorengyDeutschlandGmbHwantstoactonallthepossiblesourcesofmethaneemissionsinitsprocesses.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)0.14OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin598UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)STORENGYFRANCE40%StorengyFrance,anENGIEsubsidiary,isakeyplayerinundergroundgasstorage.Drawingonmorethan70percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsyearsofexperience,thecompanydevelopsandoperatesby2025basedon2016estimates14storagefacilitiesinFranceandoffersitscustomersinnovativeproducts.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEESTIMATES(kt)Itsmissionistoprovideflexibilitytogasmarketsandtocontributetothesecurityofenergy.StorengyFrance’s2.48storagefacilitiesrepresent10billionm3.OPERATEDAndiftodaywestorenaturalgas,tomorrowitwillberenewable(biomethane,hydrogen,etc.).LEVELSAsacommittedactortoenergytransition,limitingmethaneemissionsofenergy-relatedactivities,andmorespecificallyoftheundergroundgasstorageactivity,hasbecomeamajorstrategicchallengeforStorengyFrance.Inthatpurpose,StorengyFrancehascommittedonreducingmethaneemissionsby40%by2025(comparedto2016emissions)onallstoragesitesinoperation.AfirstobjectiveofthisactionplanistomonitorthevarioussourcesandtoquantifymethaneemissionsaccordingtoOGMP2.0standards.Then,thetargetisbothtoavoidandreducemethaneemissionsduetoundergroundstoragefacilitiesactivity.IncompliancewithENGIE’sstrategyandtheEuropeanCommissionchallengetocombatglobalwarmingandinparticularmethaneemissions,thereductionofourenvironmentalfootprintshallcontinueuntilwereachNETZERO.Methaneemissionsreductionprogramwillstronglycontributetothisambitionandalloperationalteamsaremobilizedforthistopic.12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin599UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)STORENGYUK45%StorengyUKisasubsidiaryofENGIE,wedevelopedandnowoperatetheStublachNaturalGasStoragesiteinpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsCheshire,thelargestonshoreintheUK.StorengyUKby2025basedon2016estimateshasoperatedtheStublachGasStorageProject,asaltcavernstoragefacilityinCheshire,Northwichsince2007.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEStublachcomprises20undergroundsaltcaverns,createdESTIMATES(kt)between2009and2018.Eachofthesecavernsstoresnaturalgasover500metresbelowthesurface.Nowfully0.12completed,theschemeisthelargeston-sitegasstoragefacilityinthecountry,enhancingthesecurityofsupplyOPERATEDtotheUKgasmarket.WeareactivelyparticipatingintheenergytransitionandsupportingtheUKgovernmentLEVELSstrategytoreachnetzeroby2050.KeyStats:•CommercialStoragecapacity4.5TWh•ThesitecanholdenoughgastosupplytheUKfor2days(ortomeetthegasneedsofabigcitylikeGreaterManchester-1.2millionhomes-for120days)AtStorengyUKwearepassionateaboutactivelysupportingthetransitiontoNetZerocarbonemissions.Wehavesetourselvesanambitioustargetofbeingnetzeroby2025.Weintendtodelivernetzerothrougharangeofprojectsincluding:•Installationofgasrecompressionstationformaintenanceblowdowns•ProvidingHydrogenRefuellingStationstofacilitatethemoveawayfromdieselpoweredvehicles•Hydrogenstorageinsteadofnaturalgas•Investinginthedevelopmentofbiogasplantsusingfarmandfoodwastetoproducenetzerogas•GeothermalEnergyopportunities12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5100UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)TRANSADRIATICPIPELINE0,0035%TAPtransportsnaturalgasfromthegiantShahDenizfieldintheAzerbaijanisectoroftheCaspianSeatoEurope.Nm3/Nm3ofgastransportedThe877kmlongpipelineconnectswiththeTransAnatolianPipeline(TANAP)attheTurkish-Greekborder,crossesGreeceDATAQUALITY2022METHANEandAlbaniaandtheAdriaticSea,beforecomingashoreESTIMATES(kt)inSouthernItaly.0.18TAPfacilitatesgassuppliestoSouthEasternEuropeancountriesthroughexistingandprospectiveinterconnectors.OPERATEDTAPisconnectedtoInterconnectorGreeceBulgaria(IGB)whichstarteditscommercialoperationsinOctober2022,providingCaspiangastoBulgaria,enhancingsecurityofenergysuppliesinonemoreEuropeancountry.TAPisstrategicallyandeconomicallyimportanttoEuropeandessentialinprovidingreliableaccesstoanewsourceofnaturalgas.TAPplaysasignificantroleinboostingEurope’senergysecurity,supplydiversification,aswellasitsdecarbonisationobjectives.AsEuropetransitionstoclimateneutrality,wearefocusedonmakingsurethishappensinasustainablemanner.Weplacedourselvesonadecarbonisationpathwayaimingtoensurethatouroperationsareclimateneutralby2050.Ourshort-termtargetistoreduceourcarbonfootprintby5,themethaneemissionsby8andthefugitiveemissionsby54%betweennowand2025.Moreover,inthecontextofourexpansionframework,weareassessingthepotentialofelectrifyingournewcompressorunitsandstations,ideallywithrenewables-generatedpower.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20232024202520262027goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5101UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)TEREGA36%AsamajorEuropeanactorintheenergymarket,Terégahasbeendevelopingandoperatinggastransportandpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsstorageinfrastructuresformorethan75years.by2025basedon2017estimatesRepresentingabout15%ofthefrenchnaturalgasDATAQUALITY2022METHANEtransportgridand25%offrenchstoragecapacity,TerégaESTIMATES(kt)iscommittedtothesafety,maintenanceandenhancementofitsinfrastructures,toprovideeveryonewithanever1.87safer,moreefficient,andmoreenvironmentallyintegratednetwork.OPERATEDAsaresponsibleactorintheenergysectorandfullyawareLEVELSofthechallengesofenvironmentalandenergytransition,Terégahasbeeninvolvedforseveralyearsinprojectsto12345reduceitscarbonfootprint,throughitsinternalstrategyrelyingonthe“Avoid-Reduce-Offset”approach.TheengagementofTerégaintheOGMPinitiativeisanaturalevidence,supportingthefactthattheMRV(Measure-Reporting-Verification)processisthefirstkeytoastrongreductionpathofCH4emissions.Terégaiscommittedto-30%GreenHouseGasesemissionsby2030(versus2021)and-36%ofmethaneemissionsby2025(versus2017).Thus,Terégatestsandimplementssolutionstoreducedirectemissionsofmethane,includingre-compressionunitsforventedgas,replacingventingbyflaringinvariousconditions,collectionandreinjectionofsealleaks.Terégaaimsatcontributingtotheenergytransitionthroughthedevelopmentofprojectstolowerthecarbonfootprintoftheenergysuppliedtoitsclients.Therefore,Teregahaslaunchedseveralstudiesforthedevelopmentofhydrogentransmissionandstorageinfrastructures,thedevelopmentofbiomethaneinfrastructures,andexploressolutionsforcarboncapture&storage.NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5102UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)THYSSENGASGmbH30%Foundedin1921,Dortmund(Germany)basedTSOThyssengasGmbHhasmorethan100yearsofexperienceinpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionstheoperation,serviceandmaintenanceofgasnetworks.by2025basedon2015estimatesOurinfrastructuremainlyextendstotheterritoryofNorthRhine-Westphalia(NorthWestofGermany)andtransmitsDATAQUALITY2022METHANEaprrox.6billioncubicmetresofgasthroughca.4400kmOPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)ofundergroundtransmissionnetwork.Atmorethan1000exitpointsthegasissafelybeingservedtodownstream0.54networks,industrialcustomersandpowerplants.Wearepartofthewell-integratedEuropeangastransmissionNON-OPERATEDgridformingthebasisforaninternalenergymarket.Inaddition,wearetakingtheneedfortheenergytransitionLEVELSseriouslyandourobjectiveistotakeanactivepartinitsimplementation.Whileweareconvincedthatourgas12345infrastructurecanbethebuildingblockforasafe,cost-effectiveandeco-friendlyenergysupplyinthefuture,NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTwearefullyawarethatthiswillonlyworkifwedoourjobresponsibly.Therefore,weareconstantlyworkingontheimprovementofourprocessesusingnewtechnologyandinnovation.Theidentificationandreductionofmethaneemissionsisoneofouressentialtasks.Furthermore,westronglybelieveinthepotentialofhydrogenasafutureenergycarrierdiminishinggreenhousegasemissions.Accordingly,weareoneofthekeydriversbehindthediscussiontoestablishahydrogen-basedenergysysteminGermany.In2023,theThyssengasOMGP2.0report(reportingyear2022)reliesalmostcompletelyonspecificmeasurementsgainedwhichwehaveconductedinournetworkaswellasinequivalentnetworksofotherGermanTSOs(inGermany,12TSOsjointlyformtheGermantransmissionnetworkandprovideonesingleentry-exit-systemtotheusers).MoredetailsontheL4documentationaregiveninchapter'CredibleandExplicitPathforOperatedAssets/Level4documentation'.Ingeneral,byparticipatingintheOGMPframeworkThyssengashascommitteditselfoverthecomingyearstotheconstantimprovementofmethaneemissionsreportingandtothereductionoftheseemissions.GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5103UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)TRANSAUSTRIAGASLEITUNG27%TransAustriaGasleitungGmbHwithitsapproximately1,140kmlongpipelinesystemand5compressorstationspercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissions(approx.420MWofpowerinstalled)isacertifiedAustrianby2025basedon2017estimatesIndependentTransmissionOperatorwithitsmainactivitiesinthetransportofgasandtheoperationandDATAQUALITY2022METHANEmaintenanceofhigh-pressuregaspipelinesandfacilitiesESTIMATES(kt)forthereliableandsecuresupplyofenergytoAustriaandneighboringcountries.0.91WeareawareofthecommonchallengestotackleclimateOPERATEDchangeandconsiderableeffortshavebeenmadeinthepasttocontinuouslyreduceemissionswithapositiveLEVELSimpactonenvironment(reductionofGHGemissions).Thecompanyaimstoreduceitsabsolutemethaneemissionsby27%by2025andisthereforeparticularlykeentobeanactivepartnerintheOilandGasMethanePartnership.TheTAGPipelineSystemiscontinuouslybeingadaptedtothestateoftheartandoperatedincompliancewiththestrictlegalrequirements.Inaddition,weimplementmeasurestoachieveacontinuousandsustainablereductionofGHGemissions.Forexample,tenheavydutygas-operatedcompressorunitsweredecommissionedandreplacedbyfourelectricdrivencompressorswithinthelastfiveyears.TheharmonizedrecordingandreportingofemissionsandtheprofessionalexchangewithinOGMPmakeitpossibletoidentifyfurtherpotentialsinthepreventionofmethaneemissionsingastransportation.ThecompanyisalsoamemberoftheEuropeanHydrogenBackbone(EHB),toactivelycontributefuturestepstowardsacarbon-freesociety.12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5104UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)UNIPERENERGYSTORAGE45%UniperEnergyStorageoperatesundergroundgasstoragefacilitiesandholdsinterestsinnon-operatedfacilitiesinpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsGermany,AustriaandtheUK.Providinganoverallstorageby2025basedon2015estimatescapacityofaround83TWh–around7%ofallEurope’sgasstoragecapacity-thecompanyisoneofthetop5DATAQUALITY2022METHANEstorageoperatorsinEuropeintermsofcapacity.OPERATEDESTIMATES(kt)Basedonitssolidoperatingexperience,acquiredover0.24severaldecadesthroughitspredecessorcompanies,UniperEnergyStorageidentifiedtheimportanceofmethaneemissionreductionsearlyonandbecamealaunchingmemberoftheOilandGasMethanePartnership(OGMP)2.0in2020.UniperEnergyStoragereportedin2020,2021and2022themajorityofitsmethaneemissionsfromoperatedassetsonalevel4reportingstandard,receivedGoldStandardinallthreeyearsandhasalreadysuccessfullyachievedsubstantialemissionreductionscomparedtothebaseyear2015.UniperEnergyStorageiscommittedtomonitorcloselyitsmethaneemissions,torecordtheminaccordancewithaligned,reliableandcomparablemethodologiesandisactivelypromotingtheOGMP2.0reportingframeworkwithitsJointVenturepartnersfornon-operatedassets.UniperEnergyStoragestayswiththealreadysubmittedabsolutereductiontargetwhichistoreducethemethaneemissionsofactiveandself-operatedassetsby45%comparedto2015until2025.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5105UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)VNGGASSPEICHER45%VNGGasspeicherGmbHhasbeenbuildingandoperatingundergroundgasstoragefacilitiesforhalfacentury.percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsAccordingly,allofourtechnicalgasstorageprocessesareby2025basedon2020estimatessafe,reliableandefficient.Thisisbackedupbyahighlyqualifiedteamatallstoragesites,state-of-the-arttelecontrolDATAQUALITY2022METHANEtechnology-andintegratedqualityandsafetymanagement.ESTIMATES(kt)Atthesametime,developmentneverstandsstill.Weare0.14constantlyworkingwithmarketpartnersandscientistsonthestoragefacilitiesandtechnologiesoftomorrow.Keyissuesherearesustainabilityandenvironmentalprotection.Oursocietyisundergoingaprofoundtransformationtocombineasecureenergysupplywitheffectiveclimateprotection.Toensurethatwe,asagasstoragecompany,canmakeacontributiontothetransformationwithinourmeans,wearevoluntarilycommitted,amongotherthingsasanOGMPmember,tomeasuringandreducingourmethaneemissions.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheremidstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirect20212022202320242025measurementsGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplangoldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredible106UNEPIMEO2023Reportpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5yearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)2IRETEGASS.P.A.30%2iReteGasisthesecondlargestgasdistributorinItaly.Thecompanyispresentin18regionsoutof20where,atpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionstheendof2022,hascometoserveover4.9millionendby2025basedon2021estimatescustomersinmorethan2,200municipalities.In20222iReteGashasdistributed5.6billioncubicmetersofDATAQUALITY2022METHANEnaturalgasthroughits72thousandkmofnetwork.REPORTED(kt)2iReteGas,aimingatminimizingthedirectimpactofits13.33operationsontheenvironment,isstronglycommittedtoreducingmethanefugitiveemissionsandviewstheOGMP2.0membershipasafurtherstimulustoachieveitstargets.Inthisregard,overthelastthreeyears,thecompanyhasintensifieditseffortstoloweremissionsfromthenetworkbycarryingoutadvancedleakdetectionandrepaircampaignssupportedbystate-of-the-arttechnology.Theresultsofthisactivitynotonlyallowedamoreeffectiveidentificationofdispersionsandfastrepairofleaks,butalsomadeitpossibletoacquireasetofinformationthat,inturn,resultedinamoreaccuratemethodforquantifyingemissions,assessingtheactualperformanceofmanagedassetsanddefiningdata-drivenlongtermCO2ereductiontargets.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20232024202520262027goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5107UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)ADRIGAS0.024ADRIGASS.p.A.,acompanybelongingtotheSGRGroup,isanindustrialrealityactiveinthenaturalgasdistributionkg/ysector,inwhichitboastsexcellentskillsintermsofsafetyandqualityofservices.Since1959ithasbeendesigning,permetersofpipelinesbuilding,andmanaginganetworkofgaspipelinesmainlylocatedintheEmiliaRomagnaandMarcheregionswhichDATAQUALITY2022METHANEtodaymeasuresover2,700kilometersandwhichhasoverREPORTED(kt)800reductionplantsandabout175,000meters.0.11TheheadofficeislocatedinRimini.TheactivityofADRIGASS.p.A.isexpressedinaconstantcommitmenttocitizensandits175,000endcustomers.Althoughweareanenergyandinfrastructurecompanylinkedtotradition,westronglybelieveintheneedtoactivelyoperateintheenergytransitionandourinvestmentsareorientedinthisdirection.Since2020Adrigasachievedenergyefficiencycertificateswhichledtosavingsofover30,000TOE.Furthermore,theentireSGRgroupalsoreported,in2022,acumulativevaluerelatingtoavoidedCO2emissionsequalto33,230tco2(startingreportin2015).OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5108UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)CHINAGASHOLDINGSLIMITED0.15%0.15%ChinaGasHoldingsLimited("ChinaGas"),listedontheMainBoardoftheHongKong,isoneofthelargestmulti-OPERATEDNON-OPERATEDregionalintegratedenergysupplyandservicecompaniesmaximumamountofannualmethanemaximumamountofannualmethaneinChina.TheCompanyhasbuiltacomprehensiveemissionsby2025asallgasmarketedemissionsby2025asallgasmarketedbusinessdevelopmentstructurethatisledbythepipelinenaturalgasbusiness,LPG,LNG,propanemicro-overtheannualperiodovertheannualperiodpipelinenetwork,hydrogenenergydevelopment,andutilization,low-carboncomprehensiveenergyservices,DATAQUALITY2022METHANEenergyinternetoperation,gasequipmentandkitchenREPORTED(kt)appliancemanufacturing,andgridelectricity.21.61ChinaGashasalwaysadheredtoitsmissionandresponsibilityof"UnitingPeopleTogetherandBenefitingOPERATEDSociety",consciouslyintegratescorporatesocialresponsibilityintoitsstrategy,corporateculture,andproductionandoperationactivities,andstrivestobuildaharmoniousenterprise.providingcleanandconvenientenergyandservicestocustomers,andseekinghappinessforsocietyasawhole.ChinaGaswilladheretothethreemajordevelopmentprinciplesof"maintainingaleadingpositionintheindustry,adaptingtoindustrydevelopmenttrendsandoptimizingbusinessstructures,andpayingequalattentiontoacceleratingdevelopmentandstrengtheningmanagement",andwillstrivetobuildacomprehensiveenergysupplyservicetrendthatcoversthewholeenergy,thewholeindustry,todevelopintoaworld-classcomprehensiveenergysupplyserviceproviderandurbanandruralgreenoperatorwithsignificantsocialandeconomicinfluence.NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20222023202420252026goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5109UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)COTEQNETBEHEER32%Since1966,theCogasgrouphasprovidedenergyintheformofelectricity,heatandgastotheeasternpartofthepercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsNetherlandsandissituatedinAlmelo.CoteqNetbeheerby2025basedon2022estimatesisaDSOandpartoftheCogasgroup.Coteqownsagasdistributiongridwithatotallengthof4445kmthatDATAQUALITY2022METHANEprovidesgasto142,666consumers.CoteqstrivestobeREPORTED(kt)anexcellentDSObyprovidingasafeandreliableenergyinfrastructure.Thecompanyalsoaimstosupportthe0.27energytransitionintheregionandtoreducetheimpactofthebusinessoperationsontheenvironment.OPERATEDIntheNetherlands,allgridoperators(TSOsandDSOs)areregulatedbythegovernment.CoteqNetbeheerisoneofthesixDSOsintheNetherlands.TheseDSOscombinetheireffortsinthesectorassociationNetbeheerNederlandtolearnfromeachother'sexperiencesandtocontinuouslyimprovethesafetyandreliabilityofthecombinednetworks.CoteqNetbeheerhasalwaysputmucheffortintoreducingtheamountofgasleakage.Coteqhasnogreycast-ironintheirgasgridsanymore,asintheyearsbefore2013allthegreycast-ironhadbeenreplacedbyothermaterialsthatcauselessleakages.Ventingisalsostrictlylimited,stationsaremultipletimesayearmaintainedandthenetworkmonitored.ThereisathoroughLDARprograminwhichthewholenetworkisreviewedwithasniffingdevice.Thisapproachhasbeendevelopedfromasafetyperspective.Nevertheless,theobtainedinsightsintheenvironmentalimpactofmethaneemissionscombinedwiththeclimategoals,maketheenvironmentalimpactthemainargumenttoreducetheemissionsevenfurther.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5110UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)DISTRIGAZSUDRETELE0.09%DistrigazSudReteleisthebiggestgasdistributorwithintheSouthofRomania(21countiesandthecapitalcityofmaximumamountofannualmethaneemissionsRomania,Bucharest).by2028asapercentageofmarketedgasThecompanyhasover2millioncustomers,47yearsDATAQUALITY2022METHANEofexperiencewithinthegasfieldand2,700specialistsREPORTED(kt)workinginthecompany.2.63Ourgoalistoprovidethegasinfrastructurethatpeopleneedandtomaintainanddevelopthegasdistributionnetwork,ensuringthatwedothisinthemostsustainableandresponsibleway.Ourstrategicprioritiesareindustrialsafety,environmentalprotection,assuringtheconformitywiththelegalrequirements,economicperformanceandcustomerrelationships.ByjoiningtheOGMP,DistrigazSudReteleaimstoreducemethaneemissionsaccordingtothecommitmentsassumedandimprovetheprocessofquantifyingmethaneemissionsinordertoobtainthegoldstandard.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20232024202520262027goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5111UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)ENERGIENETZEBAYERN10%EnergienetzeBayernGmbH&Co.KG(ENB)isagasdistributioncompany,activeinthesouthofGermanypercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsinupperandlowerBavaria.ENBisa100%subsidiaryby2025basedon2019estimatesofEnergieSüdbayernGmbHwithitsseatinMunich.Wedistribute21TWhofnaturalgasandbiomethanetoDATAQUALITY2022METHANE155.000residential,commercialandindustrialendusersREPORTED(kt)andconnecteddistributiongrids.0.05ENBoperates10.500kmoflocalandregionalgasgrids,allassetsareoperatedbyENB.Allcast-ironpipeswereOPERATEDsubstitutedinthepastyears.LEVELSDuetothehighinvestmentofoverthelast20years,75%ofthegridismadeofpolyethylene,allsteelpipesarefor100%equippedwithcathodicprotectionandENBnoticeapermanentextremelylowrateofmethaneemissionsinitspipelinenetwork.JoiningtheOGMP2.0inOctober2020isalogicalnextstepinoureffortstomeasureandquantifyouralreadysmallproportionofemissionsingreaterdetailandfindwaystofurtherreducethem.Wearecommittedtofollowthepathforgoldstandard.Duetothisexcellenttechnicalstatus,themethaneintensityhasalreadybeenreducedto0,03%.In2021and2022ENBhasincreasedthemeasurementeffortsespeciallyinthepressureregulationsstationsandthesmalllocalcompressors,forwhichanewGermanDVGW-leadprogramhasbeeninitiatedwithseveralDSO.Inadditionnewmeasureshavebeentakentoloweroperationalemissionsbyventingandflaringduringtheconstructionandrepairofdistributiongrids.12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5112UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)ENEXIS7.5%Enexisisagridoperator.WeensurethatmillionsofcustomersinfiveprovincesintheNetherlands(Groningen,percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsDrenthe,Overijssel,Noord-BrabantandLimburg)haveby2025basedon2015estimatesaccesstoelectricityandgaseveryday.4.984employeesworkatEnexis.Besideasafeandreliableenergysupply,DATAQUALITY2022METHANEweareworkingonincreasingthesustainabilityoftheREPORTED(kt)energysystemintheNetherlands.Ontheonehand,byconnectingwindfarms,solarfarms,districtheatingand4.14chargingpointsforelectricmobilityand,ontheotherhand,byworkingonbuildingtheenergysystemoftheOPERATEDfuturetogetherwithourstakeholders.Inthefuture(tobeprecisenolaterthanin2050),theDutchenergysystemLEVELShastobecarbonneutral.Thegovernment,companiesandsocialorganizationshaveagreedthisinthe12345DutchClimateAgreement.Theenergysystemmaythennolongerhaveanegativeeffectontheclimate.Thisispossiblewhentheswitchisbeingmadetorenewableenergysources,suchasgreengasandhydrogen.EnexisNetbeheerplaysacentralroleintheenergychain.Wedistributeenergysafelytocustomers.Weworkeverydayfortheconstruction,maintenance,developmentandoperationoftheelectricityandgasgrids.Weworktogetherwithmanypartiesoninnovationstomaketheenergysupplymoreefficientandsustainable.Besidestechnologicalinnovations,suchasenergystorageorcongestionmanagement,dataalsoplaysanimportantrole.Wefacilitateanopenelectricitymarketbymakingenergydataavailabletosuppliersandmarketpartiesinasafemanner.Asaresult,administrativeprocesses,suchasswitchingenergysupplier,cantakeplaceseamlesslyforcustomers.Ourambitionisclear:werealizetheenergytransitioninourservicearea.Wedothisinclosecooperationwithourstakeholders.Inordertosucceedinthistask,weneedtofocusonourcoreactivities.NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5113UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)EWENETZ0.12%EWENETZGmbHisanOGMPmemberwithdifferentassetsinthedownstreamsector.EWENETZoperatesthepercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionslargestnaturalgasdistributiongridinGermanywithatotalby2025basedon2015estimateslengthofover57,000kmintheregionsofLowerSaxony,BrandenburgandRügen.TheentiresuppliedareacoversDATAQUALITY2022METHANEmorethan2,800km²andmorethan799,000householdsREPORTED(kt)andcompanies.Thedistributiongridincludingmainandservicegaslinesareoperatedinthepressureleveloflow0.72pressure,mediumpressureandhighpressure.Thehigh-pressuredistributiongridcoversatotalnetworklengthofOPERATEDapprox.3,800kmandhasanoperatingpressureofupto70bar.InordertodistributethegasinsuchalargeareaandLEVELSbetweendifferentnetworkpressurelevels,thereareover1,600gaspressureregulatingand/ormeteringstationswith12345differentcapacitiesandoperatingpressures.ThesealsoincludestationstoupstreamanddownstreamoperatorsNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTliketransmission/transportgrids(withdrawalstations)aswellasstationsfor(light)industrialconsumersupplyandinjectionstationsforbiogas.EWENETZhasbeencertifiedanenergymanagementsystemaccordingtoDINISO50001since2016tosystematicallyandsustainablyreduceenergyconsumption.Inaddition,EWENETZdemonstratessecurenetworkoperationsandahighlevelofsecurityofsupplythroughtheTechnicalSecurityManagement(TSM).EWENETZhasbeenrepeatedlyTSM-testedbytheGermanAssociationofGasandWaterProfessionals(DVGW)inthefieldofnaturalgassince2002.EWENETZhassetitselfthegoalofreducingoperationalandincidentmethaneemissionsinthedistributiongrid.DuetotheinGermanyapplicableSetofRulesbytheDVGW,differenttechnicalspecificationsandextensivemeasuresthatactivelycontributetothereductionindamageandmethaneemissionsarealreadymandatoryforthedistributiongrid.Inthepastdecades,EWENETZhasbeenestablishedmeasureslikee.g.substitutegreycastironwithmodernmaterialordownsizingshut-offsections.Thisalreadyleadstoalowintensityfactorlessthan0.1%.Thisprovenstrategythatledtofewermethaneemissionswillbecontinued.GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5114UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)FLUVIUS10%FluviusistheFlemishutilitycompanyresponsibleforbuilding,managingandmaintainingdistributiongridsforpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionselectricity,gas,sewerage,cableTV,districtheatingandby2025basedon2015estimatespubliclighting.Fluviusmanagesover7millionutilityconnections.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEREPORTED(kt)Thekeymissionasanaturalgasdistributioncompanyistoensurethedeliveryofgastoourresidential,commercial2.83andindustrialcustomerswithhighstandardsofquality,securityandaffordabilityandfindandimplementinnovativesolutions.•Thegasdistributionassetsconsistof58.000kmofgasdistributiongrid.•Thegasdistributiongridconnectsabout2,35millioncustomers.Themajorityareresidentialcustomersconnectedtothelowpressuregrid.Duringthepastdecades,Fluviushastakenseveralmeasuressuchassubstitutinggreycastironwithmodernmaterialsandreducingoperationalandincidentmethaneemissionsinthedistributiongrid.AsanambitiousOGMPmemberFluviusstrengthensitseffortstofurtherreducemethaneemissionsandcollectmoredataviaspecificmeasurementstoreachareportingLevel4/5by2024.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5115UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)G.E.I.GESTIONEENERGETICAIMPIANTISPA0.03%GEIGestioneEnergeticaImpiantiSpAisanItaliangasdistributioncompany(DSO)operatingfor70yearsinkgemitted/KgdistributedthenorthofItaly.Thecompanycurrentlymanages150.000pointofdeliverylocatedin3Italiansregions(Lombardy,Piedmont,andVeneto),1.000reducingand/ormeteringstationsalong2.600kmofgasnetwork.Wedeliverupto298millionstandardcubicmetersofgasnaturaltoendusers,withastrongfocusonqualityofourservices,people'ssafety,andenvironmentalsustainability.Weworkday-by-daytomaintainahighlevelofefficiencyandtoreachthistargetweareconstantlyandstronglycommittedonourcompany'sspecificmission:delivernaturalgastopeoplewithmaximumeffectivenessandefficiency,makingsustainableinnovationourstrategicpillar.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEREPORTED(kt)0.14OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5116UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)GRDF0.13%GRDFisFrance’smainnaturalgasdistributionsystemoperator,distributingnaturalgastomorethan11millionAmountofgasdistributedinGWhHCVcustomersfordifferentuses-heating,cooking,mobility,andindustrialprocesses-regardlessoftheirsupplier.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEREPORTED(kt)GRDFworksinclosecontactwithlocalandregionalauthorities,theownersofgasdistributionnetworks.17.52Wealsointeractwithotherstakeholdersintheenergyworld,frompublicorganizationstoeconomicandsocialOPERATEDoperators.LEVELSPerformingapublicservicemission,webuild,operate,andmaintainthelargestgasdistributionnetworkinEurope(205,800km)safely.Weguaranteethatgasissuppliedunderthebestconditionsofquality,safety,performanceandcost,andwegiveallgassuppliersaccesstothenetworkwithcompleteimpartiality.Ourroleasadistributoristodelivergastoourcustomers,maintainanddevelopthegasdistributionnetworkwithinnovativesolutions.GRDFhasstrongCSRcommitmentsandisespeciallyinvolvedtoreducetheenvironmentalimpactofitsactivities.Concerningmethaneemissionsissues,wehavedevelopedabottom-upmethodologytoevaluateperiodicallythemethaneemissionsofgasdistributionnetwork.Beyondthisquantification,thistoolisusedtomeasuretheefficiencyofthemitigationactionplanwecarryouttodecreasemethaneemissionsofgasdistributionnetwork.Furthermore,atGRDFweareconvincedthatthefutureofenergygoeswithrenewablegas,operatingagasnetworkalreadywelldevelopedandflexibletodistributeandstorerenewableenergies.Ourgoalistoreach100%ofrenewablegasingasnetworkby2050.12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5117UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)ITALGAS83%ItalgasistheleadinggasdistributorinItalyandGreeceandthethirdinEurope:withitsaffiliatesandtheworkofpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissions4,281peopleatthevariousofficesacrossItalyandGreece,by2025basedon2015estimatesitmanages81,309kilometersofgasdistributionnetwork,throughwhich,in2022,itdistributedmorethan8,500millioncubicmetersofgastoalmost8millionsusers.ItalgasfirmlybelievesinpursuingtechnologicalandoperationalexcellenceandaimsatinspiringotherEuropeanandworldgasDSOinenteringapathofdeepinnovationanddigitizationandinsupportingrenewablegasdevelopmentattheserviceofajust,fastandsustainableenergytransition.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEOPERATEDREPORTED(kt)4.15NON-OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5118UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)LIANDER4%Forover100yearsLianderorherpredecessorshavebeenactiveingasandelectricitydistribution.IntheNetherlandsthegaspercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsdistributiongridoperatorfunctionhasbeenseparatedfromtheby2025basedon2023estimatesenergysupplysidesincetheDutchGasLawintheyear2000.ThegriddistributionoperationsunderthenameofContinuonDATAQUALITY2022METHANEwereseparatedfromtheNUONcompanyandresultedintheREPORTED(kt)NetworkcompanyAlliander.IntheNetherlandsallgridoperators(TSOsandDSOs)areregulatedbythegovernment.Within3.77theincentiveregulationthetariffsareyearlyadjustedforeachindividualsystemoperatorbytheregulator(ACM).NetworkOPERATEDoperatorLiander,whichisanAlliandersubsidiary,hasbeenstatutorilytaskedwithmanagingandfurtherdevelopingthegasLEVELSandelectricitynetwork.TheotherAllianderunitsfacilitatemarketsbyprovidingproductsandservicesthathelpcreateafuture-proof12345energynetwork.Alliander’ssharesareheldbyDutchprovincesandmunicipalities.LianderisresponsiblefortheconstructionandNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENToperationsoftheelectricityandgasdistributiongridsinalargepartoftheNetherlands(sixDutchregionsGelderland,Noorddottedpattern=incompletedataHolland,FrieslandenFlevoland).Lianderdistributesgastoover3,2millionprivatehouseholdsandcommercialbusinessesandoperatesover42,000kmgasdistributiongrid.Theoperatingpressurerangesfrom30mbarupto8barinthegasdistributiongrid.MethaneemissionreductiongoalsatLianderarecurrentlysolelybasedonthereplacementofcastironpipes.Furthermorethemainfocusinreducinggasleaksissafety.ByreducinggasleaksindirectyalsomethaneemissionisreducedatLiander.Allianderstandsforanenergysupplysystemwhereeveryonehasaccesstoreliable,affordableandrenewableenergyonequalterms.Thisisthesocialmissionweworktoachieveeveryday.Wemakesurethelightsareon,homesareheatedinthewinterandstaycoolinthesummer,andbusinessescankeepoperating,notjusttoday,butinasustainabletomorrowtoo.Ourstrategycomprisesfourpillars,whichstandfirmlyonasolidandfuture-prooffoundation:asafe,cost-conscious,sustainableandinclusiveorganisation.Theseare:excellentnetworkmanagement,supportforcustomersinmakingchoices,investinginnewopennetworksanddigitalization.Thiscombinationofstrategyandstructurehelpsustofulfiloursocialmissionbothnowandinthefuture.GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5119UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)MADRILEÑAREDDEGAS,SAU9%MRGisthefirstcompanyinSpaintooperateadistributionnetworkinacompletelyindependentlymannerfromthepercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsrestofthebusinessesinthegasvaluechain.Itisalsotheby2025basedon2022estimatesthirdlargestgasdistributioncompanyinSpainbynumberofsupplypoints.Itcurrentlyhas900,911naturalgassupplyDATAQUALITY2022METHANEpoints.ItbeganitsactivityonMay1,2010in38municipalitiesREPORTED(kt)oftheCommunityofMadrid,currentlydistributinggasin61municipalitiesoftheAutonomousCommunity,including3044.53.298themunicipalityofMadridcapital,wheretheactivityismaintainedin5districts.Aspartofthegassupply,MRGhasOPERATEDoperatedin2022atotalof5liquefiednaturalgasplants,allofthemwithvaporizationboilers.MadrileñaReddeGas,isLEVELSawareofthegreatcontributiontoglobalwarminggeneratedbygreenhousegases,includingmethanegasemissionsfrom12345theoilandgassector,forthisreason,wehavedevelopeddifferentinitiatives,todeterminetheimpactofouroperationsNODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENT(distributionofnaturalgas)andthusbeabletodevelopresponsibleactionswithsocietyandtheenvironment.ForMadrileñaReddeGas,asacompanyintheenergysector,ourchallengeistosatisfythegrowingenergydemandofadevelopingworld,andfurthermore,wemustdosoinanincreasinglycleaner,saferandmorereliableway;proactivelybettingonsustainabilityandthecirculareconomy.Wewanttoprovidesolutionsandwejointhetransformationofcurrentenergyandproductionmodels.MadrileñareddeGashasjoinedtheOGMP2.0thisyearaccordingtoourcommitmentwiththemethaneemissionsreductionintheoilandgassector.OurinterestinadheringtoOGMP2.0istobeinformedaboutfuturemethanereductionscommitmentsandalsoknowthelatesttechnologiestoidentifyandmeasurefugitiveleaksinordertoapplyittoreduceouremissions.MadrileñaReddeGashassetlong-termobjectives,aimedatimprovingefficiencyinthemanagementofitsdistributionassets,tomitigatefugitivenaturalgasemissions,withtheconsequentforecastofreducingmethanegasemissions.Wehaveannouncedanewtargetofreachingamethaneintensityof9%by2025inouroperatedassets.ThereportedvaluescorrespondtotheL3level.GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20232024202520262027goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5120UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(intensity)NEDGIA0.0221%Nedgia,partofNaturgyGroup,istheleadingcompanyinthenaturalgasdistributionactivityinSpain,supplyingYearlyconveyedmethanealongthegridnaturalgasto70%ofconsumers.Withalonghistory(KgCH4/year)ofmorethan180years,Nedgiaiscurrentlyoperatingin11autonomouscommunitieswitharound6millionofDATAQUALITY2022METHANEsupplypoints.Itsmainassetisalmost60,000kmofREPORTED(kt)infrastructuresallowingtheenergysupplyofnaturalgastobedeliveredsafelyandefficientlytoday,andalsothe1.97distributionofrenewablenaturalgas(likebiomethane)andhydrogeninthefuture.OPERATEDNedgiahasalongstandingcommitmentonnetworkinnovationtoenhanceoperations,improvesafetyandminimizeimpactofouractivityontheenvironment.Thecompanyworkstodevelopinnovativeandefficientsolutionstominimizemethaneemissions,aspartofitsSustainabilityPlan,andcontributingtobuildacarbon-freeenergysystemtofightclimatechange.Inthelastyears,wehavebeenworkinginaproactivewaytomitigateourmethaneemissionsthroughvoluntaryprogramsandbydrivingresearchinitiativestogetherwithsomeofthemainEuropeangasassociationsandorganizations,highlightingthefactthatweremainstronglycommittedtotacklethisissueandcontributetoachievetheEU’sclimateneutralityobjective.WealsoworkonacoordinatedbasiswithNaturgycompaniesaroundtheworldinanefforttominimizemethaneemissions.ThisispartofourSustainabilityPlantoreduceGHGemissions,alignedwiththeEuropeanGreenDeal.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5121UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)NETZEGESELLSCHAFTSÜDWEST45%Netze-GesellschaftSüdwestmbH(NetzeSüdwest)anditspredecessorcompaniescanlookbackonahistorypercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsofmorethan30yearsofnaturalgassupplyinBaden-by2025basedon2020estimatesWürttemberg.NetzeSüdwestisregulatedbythestateregulatoryauthorityofBaden-Württemberg,whereitistheDATAQUALITY2022METHANElargestgasnetworkoperatorsupervisedbytheauthority.REPORTED(kt)Ourcoretasksincludethereliableandsecuresupplyof3044.03.698gastonetworkcustomers.Thisincludestheconstruction,operationandmaintenanceofdistributionnetworks,includingnetworkconnections.However,ourtasksasanetworkoperatoralsoincludecommunitysupportthroughconcessionmanagementaswellasregulatoryandnetworkaccessandenergydatamanagementasdefinedbytheEnergyIndustryAct(EnWG).Inaddition,NetzeSüdwestensuresareliable,economicalandenvironmentallyfriendlysupplytocustomersinitsconcessionareas,aswellassecureoperationandcontinuousexpansionofthenetwork.Inthiscontext,theentryofrenewableenergiesintotheheatingmarketisexplicitlytakenintoaccount,thuslayingthefoundationforefficientenergyuse.Inthisway,NetzeSüdwesthelpstoensurethatthecommunitiessuppliedremainattractivetohouseholdsandindustryandcangrow,usingnaturalgasasanefficientandsustainableenergysourceandintegratingregionalenergysources.OPERATEDLEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5122UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)RENDONETBEHEER1%N.V.RENDOisalocalgridoperator,responsibleforanadequatedistributionofgasandelectricityinSouthDrenthepercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsandNorthOverijssel.N.V.RENDOstrivestocontinuouslyby2025basedon2022estimatesimproveitscurrentstrongpositionasagridoperator.N.V.RENDOwantstobeactiveasagridoperatorinfacilitatingDATAQUALITY2022METHANEnewdevelopmentsinthefieldofsustainableuseofenergyREPORTED(kt)andthetransitiontoasustainableenergysupply.0.22Importantcompanyvaluesareinadditiontoasafe,high-quality,reliableandaffordableenergynetwork:customerOPERATEDfocus,flexibilityandsustainableentrepreneurship.N.V.RENDOhasthreeimportantstakeholders:customers/LEVELSpublic,staffandtheultimatesharehoilders.Forcustomers/public,N.V.RENDOoffersasafe,reliableandefficientenergynetwork,goodserviceatrelativelylowcostandattractive(sustainable)productsandservicesforthefreemarket.Foremployees,N.V.RENDOisagoodcompanyforcommittedemployees,whichactsonthebasisofrespectandmutualresponsibilityandacompanywithagoodworkingclimate.Fortheultimateshareholders,N.V.RENDOis:awell-organizedandtransparentcompanyandacompanythatalwaysrealizespositivevaluedevelopmentinabroadsense.N.V.RENDOdistributesgastoover100,000privatehouseholdsandcommercialbusinessesandoperatesover3,500kilometersgasdistributiongrid.Around2,700kilometerofthegridisknownasalowpressurenetworkwithapressureof100millibar.Theother800kilometerisknownasahighpressurenetworkwithpressuresof1,4and8bar.12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5123UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)SCHWABENNETZ10%SchwabennetzGmbHisagasdistributioncompanyoperationalinthesouthofGermanyinwesternBavaria.percentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsSchwabennetzisa100%subsidiaryoferdgasschwabenby2025basedon2019estimatesGmbHandispartoftheThügagroup,anallianceof100localandregionalutilitycompanies.TheThügagroupDATAQUALITY2022METHANEwantstoexpanditsexpertiseinthemeasurement,REPORTED(kt)quantificationandmitigationofmethaneemissions,therefore3gasdistributioncompanieshavejoinedOGMP0.052.0inOctober2020.OPERATEDSchwabennetzoperates7.000kmofgasgridsina200villagesandsmallercities.ThepressurelevelsrangefromLEVELSlowpressureupto80bar.Schwabennetzalsooperates2smallemergencycompressors,5gasconditioningplantsand8CNGfuellingstations.Theweightedaverageageoftheservicelinesis18yearsandofthemaingridbetween22and36years.Inthepast30yearsallgreycastandductileironhavebeensubstitutedwithpolyethylenepipesandsteelwithcathodicprotection.In2021100%ofallsteelpipeswereequippedwithcathodicprotection.Everynewsteelpipeisinsulatedwithpolyethyleneandhascathodicprotection.SincejoiningtheOGMP2.0schwabennetzhasconductedseveraldetailedmeasurementsonleakagesinthegrids,pressurereductionstationsandin2022severalcompressors.Thequantificationofmethaneemissionsisbecomingmoredetailedeachyear,newtechnologiesforLDARandtopdownmeasurementsaretested.Schwabennetzhasimplementedin2016voluntarilytheISO14001environmentalmanagementsystemandisauditedregularlyevery3years.12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5124UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)STEDIN4.60%StedinGroupisapublicorganizationwhosesharesareheldby44municipalities.Withourshareholdersandpercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsotherstakeholders,weworktogethertorealizetheenergyby2025basedon2015estimatestransition.StedinGroupoperatesandisbasedintheNetherlands.AsagridoperatorwecarryoutregulatedDATAQUALITY2022METHANEactivitiesandasgroupsomenon-regulatedactivitieswithREPORTED(kt)astrongrelationshiptotheenergyinfrastructure.OurheadofficeislocatedatBlaak8,3011TA,Rotterdam.2.91Asagridoperatorforgasandelectricity,weprovideavitalOPERATEDinfrastructure.Withjustunder5,000colleagues,wearefacedwiththetaskofinvestingintheenergytransitionandmaintainingthequalityofourgridsinthelongerterm.StedinGroupdistributesgastoover2.1milliongascustomers(privatehouseholdsandcommercialbusinesses)andoperatesover28,160kmofgasdistributiongrid.Theoperatingpressurerangesfrom30mbarupto8bar.Workingtogethertocreatealivingworldfullofnewenergy.Thatisourmission.Weareconvincedthatwecanmaketheenergytransitionpossiblebyfocusingonourcoretasksfor(future)gridmanagementandbyprovidingexcellentservicestoour,intotal,2.3millioncustomers.Wefocusonourgrids:building,utilizeandmanagingourassets.Stedinoperatesalongsidefiveotherregionalgridoperatorsinaregulatedmarket.Everyregionalnetworkoperatorisamonopolistwithinitsservicearea.RegulationmeansthatthetasksthatthegridoperatorsperformarelaiddownintheDutchlegislationandthattheratesthattheymayaskforit,aredeterminedbytheNetherlandsAuthorityforConsumersandMarkets(ACM).LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTdottedpattern=incompletedataGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5125UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)THÜGAENERGIENETZE5%ThügaEnergienetzeGmbH(THEN)inSchifferstadtisadistributioncompanyoperatinggasandelectricitygridseachyearinthesouthandsouthwestofGermany.Wearea100%subsidiaryofThügaAGinMunich.Wedistribute6TWhofpercentagereductionofannualnaturalgasandbiomethanethroughourregionalandlocalmethaneemissionsby2025gasgridof4.800kmininamultitudeofcommunitiesto101.000residential,commercial,industrialend-usersandDATAQUALITY2022METHANE4independentDSO.Allassetsareoperated.REPORTED(kt)For30yearsmajorreconstructionworkswerecarried0.03outinthegridwhichledtoaconstantdecreaseoftheemissions.72%ofthegridismadeofpolyethylene,OPERATED72%ofsteelpipesareequippedwithcathodicprotection.Allcast-andductile-ironpipesweresubstituted,nowoldersteelpipesareunderrenovation.JoiningtheOGMP2.0inOctober2020isalogicalnextstepinoureffortstomeasureandquantifyouralreadysmallproportionofemissionsingreaterdetailandfindwaystofurtherreducethem.Wearecommittedtofollowthepathforgoldstandard.Aswehavealreadyreachedaverylowmethaneintensityof<0,007%weconsiderourtargetfor2025asachallengingendeavour.THENisactivelyinvolvedintheworkofOGMPandexplorenewways.In2021afirst600kmtrialwithvehicle-basedLDARwasdone.AllmeasurementsandexperiencesfeedintothelargeGermanmeasurementprogram-organizedbytheDVGW-toupdateandexpandtheofficialemissionsfactorsoftheGermanEnvironmentalAgency.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5126UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)UNARETI40%UNARETIisinvolvedingasdistributionindifferentregionsinthenorthareaofItaly.Conditionsofnetworksareverypercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsdifferentplanttoplant.Thecompanyprovidesmorethanby2025basedon2019estimates480millionofsmceachyeartoonemillionofusersalongmorethan5.130kmofgrids.DATAQUALITY2022METHANEREPORTED(kt)UNARETImovestowardsboththeimprovementsofthemethodologytoquantifyemissionsandtheincrease1.56ofinspectionfrequencyalongallplantsgridserved.Inthisperspectiveduring2022morethan1.500kmshaveOPERATEDbeeninspectedusingPICARRO®technology.CombiningPICARRO®technologywithotherinspectionmethodsUNARETIcanensuretheinspectionofmorethan72%ofitsnetworkannually.Surveyofbothmaingridsandallotherassetsofdistributionplants(buriedandairbranchesormeters)hasbeenintensifiedandimproved.Differentinstrumentscapableofdetectingverysmallvolumeofdispersedgasareusedtodetectanykindofleakagesasearlyasitoccurs.Thehealthoflinesiscontinuouslymonitoredsinceolderandmorefugitivesectionshavebeensubstituted:methaneemissionsratevisiblyreduced.ThereductionofmethaneemissionsisacrucialpointforUNARETIsustainabilityreport.Alltheobjectives,fixedinOGMPimplementationplan,arecoherentwithalltheactivitiescarriedoutintheperspectivesofmethaneemissionsreductionandimprovementsofestimationmethodology.LEVELS12345NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTGOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5127UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.2025TARGET(absolutereduction)WESTLANDINFRANETBEHEER5%Asanetworkcompany,includingagridoperator,weworktowardsalivableandsustainablesocietyforeveryone.Wepercentagereductionofannualmethaneemissionsbelieveinpoweringinnovationandcollaborationtoachieveourby2025basedon2022estimatesgoalsandtakingcareofavailabilityforenergy,aswellnowasinthefuture.TransformingthecurrentenergysupplysystemsDATAQUALITY2022METHANEintoasustainableenergysysteminthecomingdecadesisREPORTED(kt)seenasourbiggestchallenge.0.12Specializedintransportofenergyandrelatedproductsandservices,withinthelegalframeworks,wetaketheOPERATEDinitiativebyseekingconnectionswithallstakeholders.Byworkingtogether,wearriveatthebestsolutions.WeseetheLEVELStransformationofthecurrentenergysupplyintoasustainable,reliableandcost-efficientenergysystemasthegreatest12345challengeforthecomingdecades.NODATAPOORDATAEXCELLENTFortheinhabitantsoftheWestlandandMidden-Delflandregions,forthegreenhousehorticulturesectorandforourdottedpattern=incompletedatacustomersinindustry,businessservicesandothersectors.Thegoalisclearerandatthesametimemorechallengingthanever.Global,European,Nationwide,Regional.AndasN.V.Juva,wehaveonecommongoal:ToreduceCO2andmethaneemissionstovirtuallyzeroby2050.Weareintrinsicallymotivatedandhaveastrongintentionofcontributingtotheclimateobjectives.Italsoappliestoourorganisationthattherearestillstepstobetakeninbusinessoperationsinordertorealiseourimpact.Thismeansthatwemustconstantlyadjustourchoicesandconsiderations.N.V.Juvahasthreesubsidiaries,eachwithitsownspecialization:WestlandInfraNetbeheerB.V.(gridoperatornetworkmanagementgasandelectricity),CapturamB.V.(sustainable&innovativeactivitiesand(heat)projects)andAnexoB.V.(commercialmediumandlowvoltage,measuring&datacompany).GOLDSTANDARDINDEXSEGMENTdataquality=Reportinglevels1to5,wheredownstreamincreasinglevelcorrespondstoincreaseduseofdirectmeasurements20212022202320242025goldstandardhasbeenawardedtocompanieswhodemonstrateanexplicitandcredibleGoldStandardhasbeenachievedonthebasisofacredibleimplementationplanpathtoreportallmaterialassetsatlevels4and5within3yearsforoperatedventuresandwithin5128UNEPIMEO2023Reportyearsfornonoperatedventures.TheGoldStandardismaintainedbymeetingthecrediblepathandcontinuingtoprogressreportingtolevel5fortheoverwhelmingmajorityofmaterialassets.07BibliographyArs,S.,Vogel,F.,Arrowsmith,C.,Heerah,S.,Knuckey,E.,Fernandez,J.M.,Maazallahi,H.,France,J.L.,Menoud,M.,Lavoie,J.etal.(2020).InvestigationofthespatialdistributionCorbu,M.,Ardelean,M.etal.(2022).Street-levelmethaneofmethanesourcesintheGreaterTorontoAreausingemissionsofBucharest,Romaniaandthedominanceofmobilegasmonitoringsystems.EnvironmentalScience&urbanwastewater.AtmosphericEnvironmentX/13,100153.Technology54(24),15671-15679.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100153.https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05386.Forstmaier,A.,Chen,J.,Dietrich,F.,Bettinelli,J.,ColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironmentMaazallahi,H.,Schneider,C.etal.(2023).Quantification(2023).Oil&gascomplianceandrecordkeeping.ofmethaneemissionsinHamburgusinganetworkofhttps://cdphe.colorado.gov/oil-and-gas-and-your-health/oil-FTIRspectrometersandaninversemodelingapproach.gas-compliance-and-recordkeeping.AccessedOctober2023.AtmosphericChemistryandPhysics23(12),6897-6922.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6897-2023.Defratyka,S.M.,Paris,J-D.,Yver-Kwok,C.,Fernandez,J.M.,Korben,P.andBousquet,P.(2021).MappingurbanFoulds,A.,Allen,G.,Shaw,J.T.,Bateson,P.,Barker,P.A.,methanesourcesinParis,France.EnvironmentalScience&Huang,L.etal.(2022).QuantificationandassessmentofTechnology55(13),8583-8591.methaneemissionsfromoffshoreoilandgasfacilitiesonhttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c00859.theNorwegiancontinentalshelf.AtmosphericChemistryandPhysics22,4303-4322.Delre,A.,Hensen,A.,Velzeboer,I.,vandenBulk,P.,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4303-2022.EssonanaweEdjabou,M.andScheutz,C.(2022).MethaneandethaneemissionquantificationsfromonshoreoilandFrance,J.L.,Bateson,P.,Dominutti,P.,Allen,G.,Andrews,gassitesinRomania,usingatracergasdispersionmethod.S.,Bauguitte,S.etal.(2021).FacilitylevelmeasurementElementa:ScienceoftheAnthropocene10(1),000111.ofoffshoreoilandgasinstallationsfromamedium-sizedhttps://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.000111.airborneplatform:Methoddevelopmentforquantificationandsourceidentificationofmethaneemissions.AtmosphericEquitableOrigin(2022).TechnicalSupplement:OnshoreMeasurementTechniques14,71-88.NaturalGasandLightOilProduction.https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-71-2021.https://energystandards.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/EO100-TechnicalSupplement-Onshore-Natural-Gas-and-Light-Gorchov-Negron,A.M.,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