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2023-11-19
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GLOBAL ELECTRIC

MOBILITY READINESS

INDEX 2023

Charting the progressive course of

e-mobility across the world

2023

REPORT

DR. ANDREAS SCHLOSSER

Partner, Global Lead

Central Europe

DR. PHILIPP SEIDEL

Principal

Central Europe

DR. RAYMOND KHOURY

Partner

Middle East

HIROTAKA UCHIDA

Partner

Southeast Asia & Japan

AMIT DAKSHINI

Associate Director

India

We would like to acknowledge all those who contributed to this Report, especially:

Hala Akiki, Gunseli Alic, Eren Atsiz, Nicola Borgo, Thao Do, Hirotoshi Ema, Shrey Gandhi,

Walid Ben Hammadi, Naomichi Hirose, Felix Hoffmann, Riya Jain, Dominic Kuriakose,

Akshay Prasad, Fabian Sempf, Serkan Somer, Rahul Tiwary, and Thitiya Visittpong

CONTENT — PART I

GLOBAL ANALYSIS

FOREWORD 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & KEY FINDINGS 6

1. GEMRIX 2023 METHODOLOGY 10

2. GLOBAL BENCHMARKS 18

CONTENT — PART II

COUNTRY PROFILES

#1 NORWAY 22

#2 CHINA 24

#3 GERMANY 26

#4 SINGAPORE 28

#5 UK 30

#6 HONG KONG 32

#7 UAE 34

#8 US 36

#9 QATAR 38

#10 NEW ZEALAND 40

#11 JAPAN 42

#12 ISRAEL 44

#13 JORDAN 46

#14 KUWAIT 48

#15 AUSTRALIA 50

#16 INDIA 52

#17 THAILAND 54

#18 BAHRAIN 56

#19 OMAN 58

#20 ALGERIA 60

#21 INDONESIA 62

#22 MOROCCO 64

#23 SAUDI ARABIA 66

#24 MALAYSIA 68

#25 TÜRKIYE 70

#26 VIETNAM 72

#27 MEXICO 74

#28 EGYPT 76

#29 LEBANON 78

#30 BRAZIL 80

#31 PANAMA 82

#32 COSTA RICA 84

#33 IRAQ 86

#34 PHILIPPINES 88

#35 SOUTH AFRICA 90

CONCLUSION 92

/96

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REP2O0R2T3GLOBALELECTRICMOBILITYREADINESSINDEX2023Chartingtheprogressivecourseofe-mobilityacrosstheworldCONTENT—PARTIGLOBALANALYSISFOREWORD4EXECUTIVESUMMARY&KEYFINDINGS61.GEMRIX2023METHODOLOGY102.GLOBALBENCHMARKS18DR.ANDREASSCHLOSSERHIROTAKAUCHIDAPartner,GlobalLeadPartnerCentralEuropeSoutheastAsia&JapanDR.PHILIPPSEIDELAMITDAKSHINIPrincipalAssociateDirectorCentralEuropeIndiaDR.RAYMONDKHOURYPartnerMiddleEastWewouldliketoacknowledgeallthosewhocontributedtothisReport,especially:HalaAkiki,GunseliAlic,ErenAtsiz,NicolaBorgo,ThaoDo,HirotoshiEma,ShreyGandhi,WalidBenHammadi,NaomichiHirose,FelixHoffmann,RiyaJain,DominicKuriakose,AkshayPrasad,FabianSempf,SerkanSomer,RahulTiwary,andThitiyaVisittpong2CONTENT—PARTIICOUNTRYPROFILES#1NORWAY22#2CHINA24#3GERMANY26#4SINGAPORE28#5UK30#6HONGKONG32#7UAE34#8US36#9QATAR38#10NEWZEALAND40#11JAPAN42#12ISRAEL44#13JORDAN46#14KUWAIT48#15AUSTRALIA50#16INDIA52#17THAILAND54#18BAHRAIN56#19OMAN58#20ALGERIA60#21INDONESIA62#22MOROCCO64#23SAUDIARABIA66#24MALAYSIA68#25TÜRKIYE70#26VIETNAM72#27MEXICO74#28EGYPT76#29LEBANON78#30BRAZIL80#31PANAMA82#32COSTARICA84#33IRAQ86#34PHILIPPINES88#35SOUTHAFRICA90CONCLUSION923REPORT:GEMRIX2023ARTHURD.LITTLEFOREWORDCatastrophicclimatechangeurgesglobalshifttowardelectricvehicles—buttheworldneedstoestablishitsreadinessThepressingissueofclimatechange,whichworld-renownednaturalistDavidAttenboroughcalled“thebiggestthreattosecuritythatmodernhumanshaveeverfaced,”broughtworldleaderstoasinglestageculminatinginthelandmarkParisAgreement.ThisresultedintherequirementforcountriestosubmitclimateactionplansknownasNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs),outliningtheiremissions-reductiontargetsandthemeasurestheywouldundertaketoachievethem.Energyisattheheartoftoday’sclimatechallengeandkeytothesolution,withtheinherentneedtotransitionfromfossilfuelstoclean,sustainableenergy.Thetransportsector,inparticular,isresponsibleforapproximatelyaquarterofgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions,withabout95%oftheworld’stransportenergycomingfromfossilfuels.Thus,theelectrificationoftransportationoffersapromisingsolutiontoclimatechange—butonlyifcombinedwithatransitiontoelectricenergygenerationfromrenewableresources.Inanycase,electricvehicles(EVs)beatalternativepowertraintechnologieswithinternalcombustionengines(ICEs)inefficiencybyawidemargin,disregardingtheburningoffuel.44ARTHURD.LITTLEOfcourse,endingtheageofthecombustionengineisstillachallengeforlargepartsoftheplanet.However,with90%oftheworldGDPnowcoveredwithnet-zerocommitmentsandpressureoncompaniestocounterclimatechangethroughnewproducts,processes,andpurpose,e-mobilitytopicshavemovedupthestrategicagendaforautomotiveexecutivesaroundtheglobe.Toassistexecutivesinorganizationsofallkindsaroundtheworld,ArthurD.Little(ADL)hassetupamethodologytoevaluatethe“readiness”ofmarketsforelectricmobilityandhelpformulatestrategiesbasedonthedata.ThestandardizedapproachanddetailedanalysisofkeymarketdriversforEVsenableasolidunderstandingofthecurrentsituation.ADL’scurrentanalysiscovers35marketsacrossallcontinentsundervariedsituationsregardingdemographics,economics,motorization,energygeneration,andsoforth.InthisReport,weprovideanoverviewofthekeyresultsofthe2023editionoftheGlobalElectricMobilityReadinessIndex(GEMRIX),whichADLfirstcarriedoutin2018underthename,“BEVReadinessStudy.”Dr.AndreasSchlosserPartner,GlobalLead,Automotive5REPORT:GEMRIX2023EXECUTIVESUMMARY&KEYFINDINGSGEMRIX2023isthethirdeditionofthestudyandnowincludes35marketsacrossallcontinents(seeFigure1).Alreadysincethe2022edition,therehasbeenamassivejumpinEVadoptionworldwide.NorwayhasdefendeditspositionasthegloballeaderoftheEVreadinessranking,butanewchallengerisgettingcloser,makinghugesteps:China.Thetwomarketsarefollowedbythreedistinctgroupsofcountries.AllcountriesaremovingtoincreaseEVadoption,followingsimilarpatternsbutwithdifferencesintimebyafewyears,assomestartedearlierthanothers.Wediscerndifferencesbetweenglobalmarketsprimarilyinspecificlegislationand,toalesserextent,socioeconomicfactors.Incountrieswithhigherincome,forexample,environmentprotectionplaysacrucialrole,whileincountrieswithloweraverageincome,costistheprimarydeterminingfactor.Theperspectivetoparticipateinanew,dynamicallygrowingindustryalsosetsincentivesforvehicleelectrificationinmanyregions.Figure1.GEMRIX2023findingsFigure1.GlobalElectricMobilityReadinessIndex—GEMRIX2023GlobalAmbitiousEmergingStarterBenchFollowersEVmarketsMarketsmark11798100858179MacrofactorsEVmarketCustomerEVreadiness5757555453Publiccharging4847464646444443434240TCO&governmentregulation3838353534333231302928282820NorwayChinaGermanySingaporeUKHongKongUAEUSQatarNewZealandJapanIsraelJordanKuwaitAustraliaIndiaThailandBahrainOmanAlgeriaIndonesiaMoroccoSaudiArabiaMalaysiaTürkiyeVietnamMexicoEgyptLebanonBrazilPanamaCostaRicaIraqPhilippinesSouthAfricaSource:ArthurD.LittleSource:ArthurD.Little6ARTHURD.LITTLEInthe2023GEMRIXstudy,themarketsareclassifiedintofourclusters:1.GlobalBenchmark—marketswithaGEMRIXscoreof100orabove.Inthe2022edition,onlyNorway,aleadmarketforelectricmobility,populatedthiscategorywithmorethan110points.Thisyear,forthefirsttime,asecondmarkethasmovedclosertothethreshold:Chinascores98points.Amongthe35markets,NorwayisstilltheonlycountrywithanEVsalesshareofmorethan50%.Astunning88%ofallnewcarssoldinNorwayin2022wereeitherbatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs)orplug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs).2.AmbitiousFollowers—whereallprerequisitesforEVmobilityareinplaceandEVsareonthevergeofbecomingmainstream.ExamplemarketsinthiscategoryareGermany,Singapore,andtheUK.AmongAmbitiousFollowers,EVshaveincreasedtheirsalessharestomorethan30%.Inleadingmarkets,afullrangeofEVmodelsindifferentformatsandpricerangesisavailable,servingabroadspectrumofclientneeds.However,eveninleadingmarkets,OEMsarestillunderpressuretoexpandtheirEVofferings,especiallytotheentrymarketsegment.3.EmergingEVMarkets—whereconditionsforEVsarestillinferiortothoseforICEvehicles,eventhoughcustomersarebecomingmorecomfortablewiththeideaofEVsasinfrastructureisrampingup.ExamplemarketsaretheUS,Japan,theUAE,andIndia.Here,weseemainlyscoresbetween40and60,withtheUAEandHongKongemergingasthefront-runnerswithascoreof57.Inthesemarkets,westillseeafewoperationalandfinancialdrawbacks.However,thesecountrieshavedemonstratedaclearintentiontomakesteadyprogresstowarde-mobility.Theyaremakingsignificantinvestmentstoboostthelandscape—andwilllikelycatchupsoon.Forexample,anentrepreneurialculture7REPORT:GEMRIX2023andastart-upecosystemhaveplayedapivotalroleindrivingEVinnovationsintheAmericas,SoutheastAsia(SEA),andtheMiddleEast.Furthermore,theUAEhasexperiencedanincreaseinEVcharginginfrastructureowingtogovernment-ledinitiatives,asignificantcatalystbehindtheincreasingnumberofconsumerswillingtobuyanEVastheirnextvehicle.4.StarterMarkets—whereEVshavejustenteredthegameandstillfacemajorchallengesintermsofcostsandinfrastructurereadiness.ExamplemarketsareSouthAfrica,Malaysia,andTürkiye.InStarterMarkets,electricmobilityisjustbeginningtoentertheconversation.Consumersareexcitedaboutembracingsustainabletechnologies,includingEVs,asreflectedinthesecountriesscoringhighinreadiness.Givenlowerfuelcostsintheseregions,highertotalcostofownership(TCO)ofanEVisadeterrent.ThelimitedavailabilityofEVoptionsisyetanothermajorissue.Additionally,givenglobalawarenessregardingclimatechangeandacallforsustainability,theseregionshaveventuredintoelectricmobilityandannouncedinitiatives,butexecutionandimplementationatscaleremaintobeseen.AlthoughtheexpansionoftheEVcharginginfrastructureisstillinitsnascentstage,thesecountriesarelikelytoascendintherankingsasconcernssurroundingchargingaccessibilityarealleviated.Moreover,governmentsexhibitastronginclinationtowardpromotinge-mobilityinpublictransportation.RegardingCustomerReadiness,costisoneofthemost,ifnotthemost,importantdriversofEVadoption.ThisposesachallengeindevelopingcountriesasEVpricesarestillhighandincomeiscomparativelylow.Thus,OEMsneedtodecreasecosts,whilegovernmentsneedtocreateincentivestopavetheroadtosuccessandallowcustomerstoenjoyelectricmobility.Especiallyinmarketswithlowcostsforfossilfuels,thereneedstobeimprovementwithTCOforEVstoenableabreakthrough.8ARTHURD.LITTLEIntermsofInfrastructureReadiness,battlingrangeanxiety—thefearthatavehicle’sbatterywillnothavesufficientchargetoreachthedestination—isakeyissue.DCchargersarebecomingmorepopular,astheylowerchargetime,areperfectlysuitedtohighways,anddecreaserangeanxiety.ChargingindustryplayersshouldfocusontheEmergingEVMarkets—asthesecountriesareabouttosolvethechicken-and-eggproblem(i.e.,determiningwhichmustbeinplacefirst,infrastructureorEVs),iftheyhaven’talreadydoneso,andgovernmentsarepushinginfrastructurebuildup,enablingplayerstowinlarge-scalecontracts.InmarketswithaquicklyrisingEVpopulation,thechallengeistokeepupwithinfrastructureinstallationstoavoidcreatingbarrierstoadoption.GovernmentReadinesshingesongovernment’swillingnesstotakethefirststepbyintroducingwideincentivesforpurchasingvehicles.CustomersshouldnotpayapremiumforEVs.Moreover,governmentsneedtoreduceTCObyintroducingincentivesforvehicleusage.PromotingEVadoptioninEmergingEVMarketsandStarterMarketswillgivecharginginfrastructureplayerstheincentivetoenteracountry,creatingareinforcingspiralofEVadoption.BettingonEVsisnolongerariskygamble,andthepredictabilityoftheEVmarketiscontinuingtogrow.Theonlymajordriverthatcannotbepredictedfullyisgovernmentpolicy.However,makingreasonableassumptionsaboutthiswillgivetheindustryinallcountriesfirmgroundonwhichtobasetheirplanning.9REPORT:GEMRIX20231.GEMRIX2023METHODOLOGYGEMRIXevaluatescountries’progresstowarde-mobility,providingacomprehensiveassessmentoftheirsuitabilityforEVadoptionINDEXMETHODOLOGYEachcategoryisfurtherbrokendownintosix&APPROACHto16specificdatametrics,analyzedwithastandardizedmetricforeachcountry,renderingADL’s2023GEMRIXhasbeencalculatedfor47variablespercountry.35countries.Theindexprovidesaplatformtocomparecountries’preparednessandprogressThefivecategoriesareassignedweightstowarde-mobility.GEMRIXiscalibratedaccordingtotheirrelevanceforEVadoption.betweennotionalscoresof0and100.AscoreThecountriescanscoredifferentpointsinof100impliesthatICEvehiclesandEVsareeachcategory,witheachmetricwithintheatthesamelevelintermsofacceptability,categoriesvaryingbyweightandmarketdata.affordability,andavailability.ThehighertheTheindividualpointscoreiscalculatedfromscore,thehigherthefavorabletransitiontoEVsanalyticsthatconsiderrelativeandabsoluteinthecountry.Thus,ascorebeyond100showsperformancemeasures.ThefinalGEMRIXscorethatEVsareevenmorebeneficialthanICEs.istheaggregateofperformanceindicatorsfromthefivesubcategories,providingathoroughGEMRIXcomprisesfivemajorcategoriesassessmentofacountry’ssuitabilityforreflectingEVadoption:(1)macrofactors,e-mobility.(2)EVmarketandcompetitivelandscape,(3)customerEVreadiness,(4)publiccharginginfrastructure,and(5)TCOandgovernmentregulation(seeFigure2).Figure2.GEMRIXcategoriesFigure2.GEMRIXcategoriesGEMRIXMacrofactors•GDPpercapitaSource:ArthurD.Little•Qualityofelectricityinfrastructure•MotorizationrateEVmarket&competitivelandscape•EVmarketshareand5-yearsalesforecast•EVproductofferingCustomerEVreadiness•CustomerslikelihoodtobuyEVasnextvehicle•TCO•SustainabilitymindsetPubliccharginginfrastructure•Publicchargingnetworkdeploymentforecast•DCandHPchargingnetworkdensityTCO&governmentregulation•Quantitative&qualitativebenefitsforEV•DirectfinancialsubsidiesforEV&infrastructureSou1rc0e:ArthurD.LittleARTHURD.LITTLEACOUNTRY’SrenewableenergyintotheirgenerationRENEWABLEENERGYportfolios.Importantly,resilientelectricalgridPRODUCTIONANDinfrastructurecanaccommodatethegrowingROADQUALITYPLAYdemandforchargingEVs.TheavailabilityofaSIGNIFICANTROLESsecureandsteadyelectricalsupplyguaranteesINDETERMININGEVownersaseamlesschargingexperience,thusE-MOBILITYREADINESSeasingthetransitiontoelectricmobility.MacrofactorsCOMPETITIONAMONGOEMs,THEAcountry’smacroeconomicconditionscanAVAILABILITYOFBEVs,substantiallyimpactitsreadinessfore-mobilityANDGOVERNMENTsolutions.GDPpercapita,netincome,andINITIATIVESPROMOTEgrowthrateareamongkeymacroeconomicINNOVATIONANDstatistics.HigherGDPpercapitameansmoreAFFORDABILITYdisposableincomeforemergingtechnologylikeEVs;theshareoftheurbanpopulationalsoEVmarket&competitivelandscapepavesthewayforEVadoption(seeFigure3).AscitiestypicallyhavehigherpollutionandThelevelofcompetitionamongOEMsimpactscongestionlevels,EVsareappealingtomitigateacountry’sEVadoption—highercompetitiontheserisksinurbancities.resultsinmoreinnovation,lowerprices,andbetterconsumerservices(seeFigure4).TheFurthermore,renewableenergyproductioncannumberofBEVorPHEVmodelsofferedinthebooste-mobilitypreparednessbypoweringmarketbyOEMsalsoindicatestheavailabilityEVswithcleaner,moresustainableenergy.ofconsumerchoices,whichdrivescompetitionRenewableenergyproductioniscrucialforandinnovation.This,inturn,canmakeEVsmoreEVstobeatrulysustainablealternativeaccessibleandaffordabletoabroaderrangeoftoICEvehicles.Smartgridsarealsovitalpeople.asgovernmentspursueambitiousplanstoboosttheirelectricitysupplyandintegrateFigure3.SummaryofmacrofactorsFigure3.Summaryofmacrofactors100%100%99%100%87%83%87%93%93%92%86%90%87%87%89%88%84%84%85%82%78%74%78%77%71%65%64%69%68%52%57%43%48%35%37%54545338363339343140291011181117773634611113354213825NorwayChinaGermanySingaporeUKHongKongUAEUSAQatarNewZealandJapanIsraelJordanKuwaitAustraliaIndiaThailandBahrainOmanAlgeriaIndonesiaMoroccoSaudiArabiaMalaysiaTürkiyeVietnamMexicoEgyptLebanonBrazilPanamaCostaRicaIraqPhilippinesSouthAfricaAdjustednetincomepercapita($USk)ShareofurbanpopulationSource:ArthurD.Little11Source:ArthurD.LittleREPORT:GEMRIX2023Figure4.SummaryofmarketandcompetitivelandscapeFigure4.Summaryofmarketandcompetitivelandscape21Vehiclemarketsize,2022(pastcarsales/population)Vehiclemarketgrowthexpectations,2022–202615MarketsharePHEV,20221312MarketshareBEV,20221110BEV/PHEVmarketshareexpectations,2022–2026E-mobilityimportanceinnon-PCsegments:salesofelectricbuses&trucksNumberofBEVofferedinmarket(OEM,modelline)NumberofPHEVofferedinmarket(OEM,modelline)88777766655554433333332222211NorwayGermanyChinaUKNewZealandKuwaitQatarHongKongUSUAEJapanSaudiArabiaJordanBahrainIsraelAustraliaVietnamIndonesiaBrazilIndiaMoroccoPhilippinesSingaporePanamaThailandEgyptTürkiyeAlgeriaCostaRicaSouthAfricaMalaysiaMexicoLebanonOmanIraqFigure5.SalesshareofPHEVandBEVpermarketSource:ArthurD.LittleFigure5.SalesshareofPHEVandBEVpermarket86%Source:ArthurD.Little25%26%22%19%8%7%10%8%12%5%3%4%4%1%2%6%0%3%0%1%0%0%3%1%2%0%0%3%1%1%0%0%0%0%NorwayChinaGermanySingaporeUKHongKongUAEUSQatarNewZealandJapanIsraelJordanKuwaitAustraliaIndiaThailandBahrainOmanAlgeriaIndonesiaMoroccoSaudiArabiaMalaysiaTürkiyeVietnamMexicoEgyptLebanonBrazilPanamaCostaRicaIraqPhilippinesSouthAfricaBEVPHEVSource:ArthurD.LittleSource:ArthurD.LittleRecently,EVmarketsgloballyhaveprovedtoAtthesametime,ChineseEVmanufacturersarebeverydynamic(seeFigure5).WhileitwasonlynowreadytoexporttheirEVsallovertheworld.twoyearsagoinwhichtheEVmarketoutsideMoreover,inmanycountries,newdedicatedEVChinawasdominatedbyemergingplayers(withbrandsandmanufacturershavebeeninstalledTeslaleadingtheway),manyincumbentOEMsandareabouttostartoperation,forexample,havesinceracedtoovertakethem.GermanandinVietnam,Türkiye,andSaudiArabia,amongUSOEMsareagoodexampleofthisvolatility.others.Upto2019,theyonlyreluctantlyintroducedEVs.CustomersinterestedinelectriccarsofanewkindlargelyhadtoturntoTesla.Startingin2020,however,pushedbygovernmentinitiativesandthepressureofcominglatetothisimportantfuturemarket,GermanOEMsrapidlyintroducednewall-electriclinesandmodels.TheUSsawaverysimilaruptake,asmajorUSOEMs—includingFordandGM—alsoelectrifiedtheirmainstreammodellines.12ARTHURD.LITTLECUSTOMERS’ABILITYFigure6summarizesthefactorsinfluencingTOCHARGEEVsATcustomerreadiness,whileFigure7zonesinonHOME,OPENNESSTOcustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVastheirnextvehicle.TECHNOLOGY,ANDThetopicofchargingnaturallyleadstoENVIRONMENTALaccessibility.WeseeacorrelationbetweentheCONCERNSAREDECISIVEshareofapopulationlivinginurbanareasandEVreadiness.LackofaccesstopublicchargingCustomerEVreadinessinfrastructureisamassivehurdletotheadoptionofEVs.Globally,thedensityofpublicCustomerpreparednessallowsforthechargingpointsinruralareasisnowherenearaccelerationofEVadoptionandpromotion.thedensityofpetroleumstations.WithmostThisisinfluencedbysuchfactorsasthechanceEVsarestilloflowerrangecomparedtotheirofacquiringanEV,Internetpenetration,andICEcounterparts,countrieswithalargeruralEVpricingversusICEautomobiles.Ahigherpopulationhaveasignificantchallengetosolve,incidenceofhomeownershipcancreateaasisveryvisibleinIndiaandVietnam.Again,widerpoolofpotentialEVownerswhocanthishurdleismuchlesspronouncedfortwo-readilyaccessandinstallhome-chargingwheelers(2Ws),whichcanbechargedeffectivelyFinifgraustrreuc6tu.reS.ummaryofcustomerEVursiengasdtainndearsdshouseholdpowerlines.Figure6.SummaryofcustomerEVreadiness28Availabilityof22kWACatdedicatedhomeparkingorequivalent26SmartphonepenetrationHomeownershiprateinmarket(country)Innovationindex(INSEAD,Cornell,WIPO)1919CustomerslikelytobuyPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle181717171616Averagedailytrip/commutelength1515141312111111111111101010109887776655NorwayChinaUAESingaporeGermanyThailandQatarMoroccoUKJordanIndiaAlgeriaBrazilKuwaitUSNewZealandIsraelBahrainIndonesiaOmanMalaysiaTürkiyeSaudiArabiaAustraliaVietnamEgyptJapanIraqHongKongPhilippinesSouthAfricaPanamaLebanonCostaRicaMexicoFigure7.CustomerslikelytobuyPHEVorBEVasnextvehiclepermarketSource:ArthurD.LittleFigure7.CustomerslikelytobuyPHEVorBEVasnextvehiclepermarketSource:ArthurD.Little100%75%82%80%80%83%66%74%72%66%68%55%51%48%53%50%50%45%49%48%44%41%45%33%42%38%40%38%21%26%27%24%24%25%5%NorwayChinaGermanySingaporeUKHongKongUAEUSQatarNewZealandJapanIsraelJordanKuwaitAustraliaIndiaThailandBahrainOmanAlgeriaIndonesiaMoroccoSaudiArabiaMalaysiaTürkiyeVietnamMexicoEgyptLebanonBrazilPanamaCostaRicaIraqPhilippinesSouthAfricaSource:ArthurD.Little13REPORT:GEMRIX2023FactorslikeknowledgeandautomobileACOMPREHENSIVEpreferencesalsodeterminecustomerreadiness.ANDRELIABLEACAfavorableinclinationtowardEVsenablesANDDCCHARGINGgreateradoption,asthelucrativedemandsideINFRASTRUCTUREwillpushthesupplyside,namely,governmentNETWORKISCRUCIALandOEMs,toentertheEVmarket.OnefactorFORGROWTHANDsignalingcustomerpreferenceforEVsistheSUCCESSOFEVhomeownershiprate.HomeownershavetheINDUSTRYflexibilityofcharginginstallation,therebymakinge-commutesmorefeasible.SomePubliccharginginfrastructurecountries,suchasOmanandQatar,havefaredwellinGEMRIXduetoupbeatcustomerTheavailabilityandqualityofchargingreadiness,primarilydrivenbyhomeownershipinfrastructurearecriticalvariablesinarates.Rangeanxietyisanotherfactorthatcountry’sEVindustry’sgrowthandsuccess.concernsconsumers.Thus,ashorteraverageBeforepurchasinganEV,consumersmustlengthofcommutebolsterstheuseofEVs.havefaithintheavailabilityanddependabilityofcharginginfrastructure.AcomprehensiveConcernsaboutenvironmentalprotectionplaycharginginfrastructurenetwork,includingthesecondmostimportantroleinreadinesstobothACandDCnetworks,canimprovethebuyanEV.WeseeaclearcorrelationbetweenconvenienceandappealofowninganEVbyEVreadinessandenvironmentalawareness,increasingthenumberofopportunitiesforasmeasuredprimarilybythenumberofdriverstorechargetheirvehicles.Furthermore,governmentalactivitiesandyearssincethosedevelopingacharginginfrastructurenetworkactivitieswereintroduced.WhilethisaspectcanboostcustomertrustandencourageEVisveryimportantinNorwayandGermany,adoption,increasingdemandforEVsandmovinginacountrysuchasIndia,itonlyreachesatheEVsectorforward.verysmallgroupofcustomers.Furthermore,the“coolness”ofdrivinganelectriccarisaACcharginginfrastructure,prevalentinhomes,determiningfactor—again,primarilyinEuropeworkplaces,andpublicparkinglots,providesandNorthAmerica.slowerchargingspeedsbutisappropriateforovernightorextendedchargingperiods.Additionally,ahigherscoreintheGlobalItmakeschargingconvenientandaccessibleInnovationIndex(GII)1ofacountrycanpavefordailycommutingandroutineuse.DCfast-thewayfortechnologicaladvancementsinEVcharginginfrastructure,ontheotherhand,technology,includingimprovementsinbatteryprovidesconsiderablyfasterchargingspeeds,efficiency,range,andcharginginfrastructure.allowingEVstorechargetheirbatteriesCustomersaremorelikelytobereadyforEVwithin30minutesorless.DCfastchargersadoptionwhentheyseecontinuousinnovationarefrequentlyinstalledalonghighwaysandandadvancementsintheseareas.maintravelroutestofacilitatelong-distancetravelandreducechargingtimeduringtrips.ThepresenceofbothACandDCcharginginfrastructuredemonstratestheEVsector’scomprehensivedevelopment(seeFigure8).1Dutta,Soumitra,BrunoLanvin,LorenaRiveraLeón,andSachaWunsch-Vincent(eds.).“GlobalInnovationIndex2023:InnovationintheFaceofUncertainty.”WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO),2023.14ARTHURD.LITTLEFigure8.PubliccharginginfrastructureFigure8.Publiccharginginfrastructure33Third-partyhighwayHPCnetworkperformance/density30Third-partyhighwayDCnetworkHighwaychargingstationCAGR,2020–20252524DCpublic/destinationchargingpoints(non-highway)inrelevantarea22DCpublic/destinationchargingpointsCAGR19ACpublicchargingnetwork/ACdestinationchargingACpublicchargingnetwork/ACdestinationchargingCAGR151312121212121110109888877766666554430ChinaNorwayUKSingaporeGermanyHongKongUAEQatarJapanKuwaitOmanBahrainAlgeriaPanamaIsraelMalaysiaIndiaPhilippinesVietnamJordanIndonesiaTürkiyeSaudiArabiaIraqLebanonUSThailandEgyptAustraliaMoroccoNewZealandMexicoCostaRicaSouthAfricaBrazilSource:ArthurD.LittleSTohurecei:mArtphuorrDt.aLinttcleeofthecharginginfrastructureBecausethelackofpublicchargingisthecategoryinGEMRIXisestablishedbyallocatinggreatesthurdleinstartingEVmarkets,andtheoneofthehighestweightages.Somesmallercostsofinfrastructuresetupandchargingplayanddenselypopulatedcountriesscorehighamajorrole,ACchargingupto22kWwastheinthiscategorybecauseofhighEVchargerfirstchoiceinearlyEVmarkets.Whilethesedensityonhighways,atdestinationsandinchargingspeedsaresufficientforsmallbatteryresidentialareas.EVcharginginfrastructureispacksandchargingusecasesthatallowforalsoamongthefoundationsforstrengtheningseveralhoursofcharging,theyfailinenroutetheUAE’spositioninachievingthehighestchargingandlocationswithhighandcontinuousscoreinthiscategory.Forexample,Dubaiischargingdemand.investinginmakingthecharginginfrastructurerobustthroughvariousinitiativesaligningWeobservedthatDCchargingbecomesthewithitsvisiontowardsustainability.Itmakespreferredchoiceinagrowingnumberofpublicitalucrativego-to-marketforEVchargingchargingusecases,includingdestination,infrastructurevendors.curbside,andenroutehighwaycharging,wheremaximumoutputscanreachupto300kWWhenstartingEVmarkets,theavailabilitycurrently.OnlyDCchargingpowersofaroundofprivatechargingathomeorworkplacesis100kWandaboveenableaquickrefillfordrivingthekeyenabler,buteverysignificantstepinadistancesgreaterthan50kminanhourorless.market’sEVadoptionrequirespubliccharginginfrastructure.Onlydense-enoughandeasy-LeadingGEMRIXmarkets,suchasNorwayto-usepubliccharginginfrastructureenablesandSingapore,scorehighinGEMRIXfortheirlong-distancetravelbyEVandopensthemarketpublicDCcharginginfrastructures,whilethetocustomerswhodonothaveaccesstoprivateUK,Germany,andthegroupofEmergingEVovernightparkingwithelectricpowersupply.MarketsarestillmoreAC-heavybeyondthemainhighwayconnections.ChangingexistinginfrastructuretoDCorcreatingasufficientdensityofDCchargepointswillrequiresignificantinvestmentsinthosemarketsinthecomingyears.StarterMarketspreparingforthefirstwaveofEVscanleapfrogtoDCcharginginpublicspaces.15REPORT:GEMRIX2023SUBSIDIES,TAXThus,governmentregulationscansignificantlyINCENTIVES,ANDimpactthesmoothtransitiontoEVs(seeFigureEMISSIONSSTANDARDS9).Policieslikesubsidies,taxincentivesforPLAYAVITALROLEEVpurchases,andregulationsonemissionsINDRIVINGTHEandfuel-efficiencystandardsforvehiclescanTRANSITIONTOEVsincentivizeconsumersandmanufacturersINMENAREGIONtoadoptEVs.SuchschemeshelpreduceTCO,therebycreatingastrongdemandpull.TCOandgovernmentregulationAdditionally,regulationsmandatingtheinstallationofcharginginfrastructureandVehiclepriceandrunningcostsarethemostpromotingtheuseofrenewableenergysourcesimportantfactorsforcustomerdecisionsforelectricitygenerationcanfurtherfacilitatebetweenICEsandEVs.ICEvehicleshavehadathegrowthoftheEVindustry.headstartofmorethanacenturyinoptimizingproductionatscaleandbuildinganecosystem,TheclassicalexamplefortaxationinfavorofwhichhasallowedcustomerstobuyandEVsisNorway.Withoutthevalue-addedtaxoperatevehiclesaffordablyandconveniently.(VAT)onEVs,whichis25%inNorway,theend-Therefore,legislatorshaveintroducedvariouscustomerpriceforanewUS$50,000vehicleEVincentivestocompensateforeconomiceffectivelyfallstoUS$40,000foraprivatedisadvantages,whichareclusteredintothreecustomer.Asabusiness,onecoulddeductthebroadcategories:VATanyway.Thus,EVadoptioninNorwayhasbeendrivenprimarilybyprivatecustomers,1.Salesprice—taxreductionorlumpsumwhichhaspushedthemarketforwardandallowedtheoverallnetworkeffectstogenerateadvantagesforcommercialcustomers.2.Ownership—mostlyreductionofmotorSingaporedecreasedtollsforEVs,makingEVsvehicletaxnotonlymorecost-efficienttobuybutalsotooperate.Moreover,insomestatesofMexico,3.Operations—lowerenergyprices,reducedEVownersareexemptfromthe“Tenencia,”antolls,reducedparkingprices/exclusiveparkingannualvehicletaxbasedoncarvalue,whichamountstosavingsofapproximatelyUS$850.Additionally,inleadingEVcountries,thecostsofdriving100kmonfuelisnowadayscomparativelyhigherthanthoseofdoingsoonelectricity,alsobecauseoftaxes.Figure9.TCOandgovernmentregulationresultsFigure9.TCOandgovernmentregulationresultsTax&tariffbenefitsforBEV(general)DirectfinancialsubsidiesforprivateBEVcharginghardwareDirectfinancialsubsidiesforBEV(general)GasolinecostperkmtraveledFinancialbenefitsforsmallEVatpurchaseHouseholdelectricitycostperkmtraveledFinancialbenefitsformediumEVatpurchasePublicDC/HPCchargingcostperkmtraveled2525FinancialbenefitsforlargeEVatpurchaseRegistrationrestrictionsforICEFinancialbenefitsforsmallEVinoperationp.a.AnnouncedbanofICEregistrations(yes/no,when)2221FinancialbenefitsformediumEVinoperationp.a.DrivingrestrictionsforICE(congestionzones,etc.)20FinancialbenefitsforlargeEVinoperationp.a.191918171715151414121212101010999998888888776SingaporeNorwayGermanyChinaUSNewZealandUKIndonesiaMexicoHongKongJapanThailandIndiaLebanonJordanEgyptAustraliaIsraelTürkiyeAlgeriaMoroccoCostaRicaBrazilVietnamPhilippinesUAEMalaysiaIraqQatarKuwaitSaudiArabiaBahrainPanamaOmanSouthAfricaSource:ArthurD.Little16Source:ArthurD.LittleARTHURD.LITTLESuchpoliciesaimtocreateadistinctionThecomparisonbetweengasolineandbetweenICEvehiclesandEVs.Customers’electricitypricesalsoleadstodeterminingabilitytopurchaseandmaintainEVsisadrivingthefavoredmodeoftransportation.Someforce.Itincludesfinancialincentivesduringcountriesarecharacterizedbysignificantoilpurchaseandwheninoperation.Beyondthesereserves,drivingoilpricesdown.Asareaction,benefits,thegovernmentoffersincentiveslikeforinstance,theLebanesegovernmenthastheannouncedbanonICEvehicles(seeFigurereducedsubsidiesonfuelprices.Itindicatesa10)andfreeparkingforEVs.Manymarkets,“disincentivization”ofgasoline.Thus,thepushsuchastheEU,Israel,Türkiye,andEgypt,havefromthegovernmentbecomesmorecrucialalreadyannouncedbansontheregistrationofinshapingtheaffordability,demand,andICEvehicles,whichwillbecomeactiveinthedevelopmentoftheEVsector.nextdecade.Figure10.AnnouncedplansforbanningICEsFigure10.AnnouncedplansforbanningICEs•EuropeanmarketsareleadingwhenitcomestorestrictingregistrationsofICEswithNorwayattheforefront,startingwithICEnewcarregistrationbanfrom2025•EUvotedonbanningsalesofICEsby2035,atthelatest•Chinabans“oldtechnology”vehiclesby2035,butleavesdooropenforhybrids•UShasannouncedplanstobanICEsby2035butnotyetfacilitatedthemintolegislation•CountriessuchasIndia,Brazil,andThailandhaveponderedplansbutnotyetannouncedthem202520352040SurveyedbutnoplansannouncedSource:ArthurD.LittleSource:ArthurD.Little17REPORT:GEMRIX20232.GLOBALBENCHMARKSWhatmarketscanlearnfromglobalbenchmarksinEVreadinessAconsistenttrendisthatBEVpowertrainsOnlyanintegratedapproachcanensurecost-arekeytodecarbonizingtransportandeffectiveandcustomer-orientedinfrastructurecontributetodecreasingcarbonemissions.developmentwithoutjeopardizinggridstabilityThisisparticularlysoforpassengervehicles,andmacroeconomicfeasibility.Whilethisaswellaslightcommercialtrucks,andlikelyinfrastructurewasmainlyAC-basedintheearlywillbethemaintechnologyoverthenext20-30periodsofelectricmobilityandinstartingyears.However,thefullvaluechain,includingmarkets,nowadaystheimportanceofDCsuppliers,OEMs,andcustomers,willhaveafastchargingbecomesclear.Long-distancedifficulttimethroughthetransition.mobilitywithEVsandwidespreadEVadoption,especiallyamongdriverswithouthome-chargingNorway,stillthefront-runnerine-mobility,opportunities,canonlyworkwithadense,fast-showshowlongitmaytaketoturnevenasmallchargingnetworkalongallmajorroutes.marketandvehiclefleettowardEVs.Norway’sjourneybeganin2011,whenEVswererareandCLOSED-LOOPexotic,andthefirstTeslaswerenotyetinseriesEVSUPPLYCHAINproduction.AmbitiousFollowersandStarterMarketswillhaveiteasiertoday,askeymarketSuccessfulEVmarketsrequirearesilient,conditionslikeEVavailability,comparativeTCO,sustainable,andeffectiveEVsupplychaineitherandenvironmentalawarenesshaveimprovedondomesticallyorinclosereach.Chinaistheaglobalscaleoverthelast10years.primeexampleforsettingupacompetitivelystrongEVindustryend-to-endinnomoreFinancialincentivesforEVsanddisincentivesthan10years.ThisinvolvestheavailabilityforICEsmaystillbeadequatesupportmeasuresofrawmaterials,keycomponents,andfocalinastartingmarket,whereonlypioneerswithcapabilitiesforEVs.Italsonecessitatesahome-chargingabilityuseEVs.However,tocircularapproach—reducingandreusingenabletrueandmainstreamtransition,allnaturalresources—tomakee-mobilityatrulymarketsrequireafunctioningecosystemforsustainablealternativeandensuresupplyofEVs,whichmustworkhasslefreeforusers.Thus,scarceinputs.OtherexamplesofthisapproachthestagemustbeholisticallysetupbymultiplecanbefoundinCentralandNorthernEuropeanpartiesandstakeholders.markets,whichhavediscoveredtheattractionofdomesticbatteryproductionandrecycling.InINFRASTRUCTUREaddition,SEA,withautomotivehubsinThailand,Malaysia,Vietnam,andothers,isalreadysettingFormerlyindependentindustries,suchasvehicleuptofollowthisEVclusterstrategy.OEMs,energycompanies,roadinfrastructure/serviceproviders,andtelecomandsoftwarecompanies,needtoworktogetherwithlocalandnationalauthoritiestoprovidewidelyavailable,easy-to-use,andreliablecharginginfrastructureforEVs.18ARTHURD.LITTLEMULTI-STAKEHOLDEREmergingEVMarketsORCHESTRATIONPlayersthatstillwanttoshapeanEVmarketGovernmentsandregulatorshaveplayedawithnewandselectivevehicleofferingsandcentralroleinsupportinge-mobilityandwillcharginginfrastructuresolutionswillturntocontinuetodoso.However,theyneedtochangeEmergingEVMarketsintheMiddleEastorSEA,theirapproachsincemanymarketshavereachedsuchastheUAEorThailand.Thesemarketsnewlevelsofmaturity.EVinfrastructurearenotyetfullydividedupamongincumbentsandsupplychainsarekeyprerequisitesforandgrowingratherquickly—averypromisingsuccessfule-mobilitymarketsofthefuture.environmentinwhichtoscaleupandcreateaBothrequireholisticandintegratedactionfromhomebaseforlaterexpansion,ortoenterfordisconnectedpartiesandmarketactors.Suchincreasedmarketshareanddynamicallygrowinga“garageband”needsaconductortobecomerevenues.Governmentsintheseregionshaveasymphonicorchestra,andmarketsneedmorecleartransitionplansandsupporte-mobilitythantaxincentivesononehandandrestrictionswithlegislativeandfiscalaction.ontheother.StarterMarketsCorporateplayers,too,canassumetheroleofintegrators.MarketsinwhicheitherentrepreneursSlightlylatetotheparty,StarterMarketsofferorauthoritiessuccessfullyassumeintegrativehugepotentialfornewstart-up-styleentrantsrolesintheareasofinfrastructureandsupplyandearlyinfrastructuredevelopmentina“bluechainswillbecomeAmbitiousFollowersquickly,oceanenvironment,”wheremarketsharesareorevenfutureleaders.notyetdividedup.However,profitpoolsneedtobedevelopedfirst.ThesemarketsrequireMARKETREADINESSsome(financial)patienceandwillingnesstoDIFFERENCESATTRACTinvest.EstablishedplayerswouldratherwaitforDIFFERENTPLAYERSotherstopreparethegroundandmakealatemarketentrywithscaleandfinancialpower.Leaders&AmbitiousFollowersManyStarterMarketshavetakenactionbyestablishinglocalEVmanufacturersandfullEVMatureEVmarketslikeNorwayandChinaecosystemswithcomponentandlocalenergyareexperiencingincreasingcompetitionproviderpartnershipstosetupachargingamongmarketplayersintheEVsector—forinfrastructure.bothvehiclesandinfrastructure.AmbitiousFollowersareatastagethatenablestheentryHOWACTORSCANCOPEofallkindsofEVactors,holdingpotentialforestablishedEVOEMsandscaled-upprovidersVehiclemanufacturersofcharginginfrastructureandecosystemservices.CustomersinthesemarketsappreciateManufacturersmustadapttheirofferingsandagrowingandstillimprovingofferingandhaveasupplychainplanningtomarket-readinessratherhighwillingnessandabilitytopay—butlevels(e.g.,inquantitativesalesplanningandalsoholdhighexpectations.Thecompetitionproductmanagement).However,thereisnoisincreasing,especiallywithnewEVOEMstimetolose,andmanufacturersthathaveyetenteringtheglobalfield.ThesemarketswillseetoembarkontheEVjourneywillfacemorethanfurtherconsolidation,andmarket-entrybarriershardtimestosurvivetheindustrytransitionfornewentrantsarealreadyhigh.duringthecomingyears.19REPORT:GEMRIX2023InmarketswithhigherGEMRIXscores,suchInfrastructureprovidersasAmbitiousFollowers,EVsalesplanningcanfollowprovenmethods,consideringtargetNorwayandAmbitiousFollowersaresegments,pricing,positioning,andproductexperiencingconsolidationofthechargingspecifications.Inaddition,salesplannersinfrastructuremarketalready.Thisincludestheshouldnotethatpowertraindisruptionusuallyformationandshiftofrolesbetweenenergydecreasesbrandloyalty.AconvincingEVmodelproviders,charge-pointoperators,andassetofferinghelpsconquermarketshareandtapowners.Playersthathavenotyetpeggedtheirintonewmarketsegments.Somesuccessfulpositions—andestablishedpartnerships,examplesshowthatpositivebrandrepositioningcustomerbases,andsolidmarketshares—willandexpansionintonewmarketscanworkwithfacedifficultyinkeepingupwithdevelopment.electrification.Forincumbents,nowisthetimeforscalingandsettingupfastpublicDCcharginginStarterMarketsandmarketswithlowerattractivelocations.Increasingutilizationofreadiness,however,needspecialmethodschargepointswillbekeytoimproveeconomics.ofsalesplanningandmarketentry.OEMsPublicmegawatt(MW)chargingfortrucksandfrequentlypreferselectiveofferings,firstcommercialvehicleswillbethenextbigtopicintargetingthemostpromisingcustomermatureEVmarkets.segmentswithlowerrisk.NewsalesmodelsandsaleschannelsmayhelpmitigaterisksInfrastructureplayersinStarterMarketsshouldandlowerinvestmentrequirements.Allsalesavoidcopy-and-pastestrategiesfromearlyEVplanningmustadjusttothefactthatanewmarketslikeNorway,andnotrelyontherolloutofferingisonlyonepartoftherequiredmarketofwideACnetworksinthepublicspace.Today’spreparation.Inparticular,EVintroductionincustomersinmanydevelopingmarketsrequirelessmaturemarketsrequiresawell-plannedpubliccharging,astheylackprivateparkinglaunchstrategy.Itmay,nevertheless,bemoreandchargingpossibilities.LeapfroggingtosuccessfulthanexpectedduetothelowerlevelquickerDCchargingsolutionsatdestinationsofcompetition.Forabrand,gainingmarketandchargingparksinfuelstationlocationsissharewithnewEVsiseveneasierinaStarterturningouttobethewinningstrategytoavoidMarketthaninmorematureenvironments,theneedforupdateinvestmentsfiveyearsfromwhilelowerabsolutesalesvolumesneedtonow.bedealtwith.Weexpecttoday’sStarterMarketstodevelopEVreadinessquickerthanfirst-benchmarkmarkets,andthuschargingneedstocatchupsoonerratherthanlater.20ARTHURD.LITTLE21REPORT:GEMRIX2023NORWAY#1RANKStillleadinginEVsandsustainabilityduetofirst-moveradvantageNorwayisleadingtheEVmovementacrosstheAsNorwayhashistoricallynothadalargecarglobe.In2022,80%ofnewvehiclesaleswereindustry,anewkindofautomotivesuppliersBEVs.Thisaddstoalonghistoryofleadershiparecurrentlyflockingtothisdestination.Forinmanysustainabilityareas.Forexample,theexample,batterycellmanufacturersFREYRcountry’sutilitiessectorisbuiltmainlyonASandMorrowBatterieshavesetupshoprenewableenergyfromhydropower,with45%ofinNorway,andbatteryrecyclersSwedishitsenergymixcomingfromthatsource;thefirstNorthvoltandCanadianLi-Cyclearebuildinghydropowerplantwasbuiltin1892.Moreover,asplantsinthecountry.Thehighavailabilityfarbackas2016,98%ofelectricityproductionofrenewableenergyforelectricity-intensecamefromrenewables.operationsisthekeydriverofthisdevelopment.OnedriverforNorway’sEVadoptionisitsNorway’sgovernmentresolvedthepreviouslyhighshareofurbanpopulation.OfNorway’smentionedeconomicchicken-and-eggprobleminhabitants,84%liveincities.Asaresult,throughgovernment-fundedinfrastructuretypicalrangeanxiety,amajorinhibitorofEVprojectsandtaxbreaksforEVs.Thefirst2,000adoption,islessrelevant,sincecitydrivingchargepointswerebuiltthroughaprogramcoversfewerkilometers.However,giventhatcostingjust€7million.Furthermore,NorwayNorwayisavastcountry,averagetriplengthiscommittedtoestablishingchargersatintervalshigh,atcloseto15kmperday.Thegovernmentofatleastevery50kmatmajorroadways,counteredpossiblerangeanxietybylaunchingandsuccessfullyfulfilledthatgoal.TofurtherprogramstoinstallcharginginfrastructureasaccelerateEVadoption,Norwaysuspendedearlyasthelate2000s,resultinginabout2,000importtaxesonEVsin1990,decreasedannualchargepointsby2011.Today,around25,000registrationtaxesin2000,andslashedEVVATpublicchargingstationsareavailableinNorway,to0%in2011.Figure11i.ncNluodinrgwaraouyndG6,E00M0fRasIt-Xchargingstations.Figure11.NorwayGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE117INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO12High-powercharging7.13#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging1.1512.351MARKET21ACcharging#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER28#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING30residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION25ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperOther$14,581$109$106,149capitaincome13%$27,081$109$109$53,5184%BEV$18,831SmallMediumLarge202565%vehiclevehiclevehicleGDPp.c.PHEVSmallMediumLargeYearofICE84%Renewableenergy22%vehiclevehiclevehiclesalesbangenerationp.c.Customerslikelytobuya27,528kWhPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:100%UrbanpopulationFinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little22ARTHURD.LITTLEItsfocusoncuttingtaxespaidoffasEVsEVADOPTIONHASbecamethemajortechnologyin2019,reachingREACHEDLEVELS50%ofsales,andpureBEVsreached50%ofINNORWAYTHATsalesin2020.Conversely,taxburdensonAREALLOWINGITSfossil-fueledcarsaresubstantial.GOVERNMENTTOROLLBACKTAXINCENTIVESInaddition,NorwayhassetambitiousgoalsSTEPBYSTEPforthefuture,declaringatargetofzerolocalemissionsfrompassengervehiclesby2025.Puttingthisinperspective,theEUaimsforthesameby2035.EVadoptionhasreachedlevelsinNorwaythatareallowingitsgovernmenttorollbacktaxincentivesstepbystep.23REPORT:GEMRIX2023CHINA#2RANKLeadingindustrialBEVecosystemenablesglobalchampionpositionTheEVindustryinChinaisthelargestintheWhileglobalplayersarestrengtheningtheirworld,accountingformorethanhalfofglobaltechnologyposition,theyalsoneedlocaltiestoproduction(58%,accordingtoInternationalrealizeadditionalopportunities.ChineseOEMsEnergyAssociation[IEA]),andshareofsuchasXPeng,Nio,Geely,andBYDsawnewexportedEVsfromChinahaveincreasedfromrecordgrowthinEVsalesin2022.Theseregional25%in2021to35%.Plug-inelectricvehiclecompaniesareprovidingasuperiorexperience(BEV/PHEV)salesamountedtonearly25%oftolocalconsumers.FeaturessuchasstrongoverallautomotivesalesinChinain2022,andhuman-machineinterfacesandconnectivitythesesaleswereincreasinglydrivenbylocaldifferentiatethemfromthecompetition.automotivecompanies.Whenitcomestovehicleavailability,ChinaisthemostdevelopedWithover2.5millionchargingstationsaddedEVmarketglobally,withmorethan90brandsin2022alonethroughoutthecountry,China’sofferingover300modelsinallpriceranges,EVinfrastructurecontinuestoexpandatanfrommicrocartoluxury.Localbrandshaveaimpressiverate.Withthesuccessfultransitionmarketshareofmorethan80%,amongwhichtoEVssofar,China’schargingnetworkhasareBYD,Wuling,Chery,andChangan.Fromgrowninstepwithothertechnologies,suchChina,therearealsointernationallyactiveEVasbattery-swapstations.Asaresult,ithasstart-ups,suchasNio,XPeng,Zeekr,andAiways.establisheditselfasthecurrentleaderinEVWithChinarepresentingabout50%oftheglobalinfrastructure.BEVmarket,internationalOEMsmustincreasetheirvaluetocustomersandfindcost-savingopportunitiesbydesigningvehiclestomeetlocalrequirements.Figure12.ChinaGEMRIXFigure12.ChinaGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE98INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO5High-powercharging4.00#locationsperhighwaykm2MARKET13#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER26DCcharging4.47#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING33ACcharging13.41residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION21ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEV$1,325$833$12,720capitaincome19%$0$277$555$7,54087%PHEV$1,835SmallMediumLarge20356%vehiclevehiclevehicleGDPp.c.OtherSmallMediumLargeYearofICE65%75%vehiclevehiclevehiclesalesbanRenewableenergyCustomerslikelytobuyagenerationp.c.PHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:75%1,580kWhUrbanpopulationFinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little24ARTHURD.LITTLETheChinesegovernmentissupportingtheTHECHINESEdevelopmentoftheEVindustrythroughGOVERNMENTISregulation.ThereareencouragingpoliciesSUPPORTINGTHEandmeasuresforbothEVmanufacturersandDEVELOPMENTOFpurchasers,aswellasincentivesforbusinessTHEEVINDUSTRYoperatorstoengageinandimprovechargingTHROUGHREGULATIONandotherperipheralservices.FinancialbenefitsforcustomerscanrangefromUS$1,500-$2,000pervehicleandUS$1,000-$1,500formanufacturers.25REPORT:GEMRIX2023GERMANY#3RANKTransitioningautomotiveindustryandpublicawarenessofsustainabilityandclimatechangeGermanyhasalwaysbeenastrongautomotivetheUSandChina,Germanmanufacturersonlymarket,hostingmanyoftheworld’smoststartedseriousproductionofEVpassengerrenownedbrands,especiallyinthehigh-endvehiclesaround2019–2020.Despitethelatesector.Comparingthenumberofcarsonstart,GermanOEMspickedupthepace,Germanroadstothepopulation,statisticallyandtoday,morethan120differentBEVsaremorethaneverysecondpersonownsacarinavailableinthemarket,representingahealthythecountry.mixoflocalandinternationalbrands.Additionally,environmentalprotectionhasOneofthemajorbarrierstoadoptingEVsinlongplayedasignificantroleinGermany.TheGermanyistheaforementionedchicken-and-firstlegislationonthe“Energiewende”(energyeggchallengeofconsumerunwillingnesstobuytransition)datesfromthelate1970s.Today,vehiclesduetopoorcharginginfrastructureandabouthalfofthecountry’selectricenergyisindustryhesitancetoinvestininfrastructuregeneratedfromrenewablesources.Thepoliticalduetopoorvehiclesales.GermanyrecentlyuncertaintiesaroundenergyimportfromRussiamadeanewattempttobreakthisviciouscycle,havepromptedGermanytoincreaselocalwithmanynew,attractiveEVscomingtomarketproductionofrenewableenergyevenfurther.thatspannedallpriceranges.Manyofthesevehiclescomewithafree(oratleastwell-TheautomotiveindustryinGermany,however,priced)wallcharger,makingEVsanattractivemaintainedastrongfocusonICEsforalongofferfortheconsiderableportionofthetime.WhilethehypearoundEVsfrom2010populationlivinginsingle-familyhomeswithto2013wasalreadyhighincountriessuchasparking.Figure13.GermanyGEMRIXFigure13.GermanyGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE85INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO8High-powercharging1.23#locationsperhighwaykm3MARKET15#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER18DCcharging0.43#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING22ACcharging0.92residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION22ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEV$8,508$267$63,552capitaincome14%$4,727$38,40718%PHEV$7,090$267$267203512%OtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLargeYearofICEGDPp.c.74%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclesalesban78%RenewableenergyCustomerslikelytobuyagenerationp.c.PHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:66%2,780kWhUrbanpopulationFinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little26ARTHURD.LITTLEGermanconsumershavealwaystendedtoNotably,Germanmanufacturers’suddenspendmorefortheirvehicles(US$45,000onincreaseofvehiclemodelswasalsodrivenbyaveragefornewcarsin2022),andcarsarestillthefactthatotherglobalOEMs,forexample,highlyappreciatedinpartsofthepopulation.fromtheUSandChina,arenowcompetingRuralGermansoftenseethecarastheironlyheavilywithestablishedEuropeanbrands.meansoftransportation.CombinedwiththeThenewfoundGermanappreciationforEVssubstantialfinancialbenefitsofferedbythealsobenefitsfromEUregulationlikethefederalgovernmentin2022,EVadoptionannouncementofbanningregistrationofincreasedsignificantly.This,inturn,madenewICEvehiclesby2035.investmentinpubliccharginginfrastructureattractiveforplayersfromtheautomotive,oil,andenergyindustries,aswellasstart-ups.27REPORT:GEMRIX2023SINGAPORE#4RANKEVsalesboominSingaporewithnewgovernmentalmeasuresSingaporesufferedasetbackinEVpenetrationthesameyear.In2022,about3,600EVswereduringthepandemicbuthasbouncedbacksold,representingabout12%ofallnewcarssharplywithnewmeasurestopromoteEVsales.registered.Teslahasbeenthehighest-sellingWithastrongeconomy(ahighestimatedperEVbrand,withamarketshareofabout24%,capitaGDP)andalmost100%urbanization,followedbyBYD.SingaporeconsumersarenotanxiousaboutdrivingrangeandarewillingtopayapremiumTheSingaporegovernmentannouncedinitspriceforEVs,consideringthemanifold2021budgetspeechthatUS$25millionhasbeenadvantages.ThegovernmenthasalsobeensetasideoverthenextfiveyearsforEV-relatedclearaboutitsencouragementofEVadoptioninitiativesentailingpublic-privatepartnerships.throughitsannouncementinMarch2021thatThiscouldincludemeasurestoimprovechargingallnewcarandtaxiregistrationswouldneedtoavailabilityatprivatepremises.Singaporewillbecleanenergymodelsfrom2030onward,andalsoacceleratethedevelopmentofitschargingthatallvehiclesonroadswouldneedtorunoninfrastructuretobettersupportthegrowthofcleanenergyby2040.EVsinthenextdecade,aimingtoenabletherapidgrowthofEVsalesataround40%year-EVsalesareexpectedtocontinuetogrowaton-year.Theplanistodeploy60,000charginganaverageannualrateofaround40%year-on-pointsatpubliccarparksandprivatepremisesyear—toreachanannualsalesvolumeofjustby2030—whichismoreambitiousthantheunder7,000unitsby2030andanEVpenetrationprevioustargetof28,000chargers.rateofaround9.6%oftotalvehiclesalesinFigure14.SingaporeGEMRIXFigure14.SingaporeGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE81INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO9High-powercharging0.06#locationsperhighwaykm4MARKET3#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER19DCcharging3.08#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING24ACcharging6.16residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION25ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$6,904$1,411$82,794capitaincome$14,7122%3%$710$9,748$12,984$039%2040SmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLargeGDPp.c.RenewableenergyOthervehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicleYearofICE100%generationp.c.salesban95%213kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaUrbanpopulationPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.66%Source:ArthurD.Little28ARTHURD.LITTLEFinancialregulationsinSingaporearequiteAllthesemeasuresaremotivatingconsumersprogressiveaswell.NewpoliciessuchastheandfleetoperatorstoshiftfromICEstoVehicularEmissionsScheme,togetherwiththeEVsasthetransitionbecomesincreasinglyEVEarlyAdoptionIncentiveinitiatives,provideuser-friendly.TheyhaveputSingaporeatthetaxrebatestoreducethepricesofsomeelectricforefrontofEVadoptionacrosstheglobe,carsbyuptoUS$15,000.FromMay2022,tosecondonlytoChinainAsia.supportmass-marketEVs,thosewithupto110kWofpowerweregroupedinthesmallercarcategoryinauctionsforcertificatesofentitlement(COEs),loweringcostsforconsumers.Thisthresholdwaspreviouslyat97kW.29REPORT:GEMRIX2023UK#5RANKFastaccelerationofEVadoption—Government’scourseisbecomingunclearbutnothavinganegativeeffectyetElectricmobilityisslowlybecomingasuccessOneobstacletoEVuptakeintheUKusedtostoryintheUK.In2022,thesalesshareofberenewableenergysupply.Themarkethaselectriclightvehiclesclimbedby40%to22.8%,increaseditsspeedintheenergytransition,whiletheoverallcarmarketsuffered.Theand2022sawrecordhighsinrenewableenergydominatingtechnologyisfullBEVs,asnearlygeneration:windcontributed27%,biomass5%,17%oftotalvehiclessoldusedapurelyelectricsolar4.4%,andhydropower1.8%.drivetrain.GovernmentsandcitiesareendorsingEVuptakeTheUKgovernmenthassetambitiousgoalsthroughbansandregulationsontheonehand,forbuildingupitscharginginfrastructure.andincentivestoempowerendconsumersIn2022,thepublicandsemi-publicchargingontheother.Theoriginalplantobanallnewinfrastructurestoodataround39,000chargeregistrationsofICEvehiclesby2030has,points,ofwhich6,900wereDCfastchargershowever,beenpostponedbyfiveyears.Thewithmorethan100kW,andamajorityofeffectswillhavetobemonitored.Furthermore,21,500wereACwithupto22kW.Thecountrypartsofcitiesareregulatedthroughcongestionaimsforatleastsixrapidchargepointsatzonesinwhichvehicleoperatorsmustpayifeverymotorwayserviceareaby2023.By2030,emissionsandtrafficdensitystandardsaremorethan2,500high-powerchargepointsnotmet.Forexample,inLondon’sUltraLowarescheduledtobeaddedacrossstrategicEmissionZone,gasolinecarsandvansmustroadnetworks.InadditiontoitslargepublicmeetatleastEuro4standardstoavoidcharges,infrastructureprogram,theUKsubsidizeswhereasinOxford’sZeroEmissionZone,everyprivatehomechargingwithagrantofuptovehiclewithlocalemissionsischarged—even£350.PHEVs.Figure15.UKGEMRIXFigure15.UKGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE79INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO7High-powercharging1.48#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.305MARKET12ACcharging2.55#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER16#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING25residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION19ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEV$1,980$238$45,850capitaincome12%$6,143$238$238$36,24231%PHEV$3,072SmallMediumLarge20307%vehiclevehiclevehicleSmallMediumLargeYearofICEGDPp.c.RenewableenergyOthervehiclevehiclevehiclesalesban84%generationp.c.81%1,782kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation48%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little30ARTHURD.LITTLEAdditionally,EVpurchasesubsidiesareinplaceInrecentyears,theUKhasstartedtoembraceforupto£1,500,aswellasexemptionsfromthechangefromICEstoEVsandisacceleratingroadtaxandanexpensive-carsupplementaryfasttonudgeendcustomersinthedirectionoftax.Further,theUKgovernmentalsodrivestheelectricpowertrain.ThesteepincreaseincorporatepromotionofEVswithacapitalEVsalesandtherapidbuildupofinfrastructureallowanceandabenefit-in-kindtax.Intotal,indicateitssuccess.weestimatethataBEVcompanycarhasanadvantageofmorethan£8,500spreadoverthreeyearsoverasimilarICEcar.31REPORT:GEMRIX2023HONGKONG#6RANKCharginginfrastructureconcentratedinresidentialandcommercialbuildingsHongKongwantstoachievecarbonneutralitybyIn2021,thegovernmentoftheSpecial2050andwiththetransportationsectorbeingAdministrativeRegionimplementedaroadmapthesecondlargestsingleproducerofcarbontosupporttheadoptionofEVs,includinglong-emissions,electrificationofroadtransportisantermobjectivesandpoliciestoreachnet-zeroimportantsteppingstone.Thisregionhasgoodvehicleemissionsby2050(whileplanningtobeoverallconditionsforanEVtransition:anurban,carbonneutraloverallatthesametime).Abanyoung,tech-savvypopulation;well-developedonfossil-fueledcarsfrom2035onwardssetsaelectricityinfrastructure;andahighsmartphoneclearagenda,andthegovernmenthasintroducedpenetrationandGIIscore.waiversoffirst-registrationtax(FRT)forEVs,leadingtolargefinancialbenefits.EnterprisesHongKongprofitsfromthestrongChineseEVbuyingEVscanfullydeductthepurchasemarket.ThelocalmarketforEVsisbroadandwellpricefromtheirprofitsinthefirstyearfortaxdeveloped,as188EVpassengercarsareavailablereduction.forsale,benefitingfromthelargeofferingofChinesecarbrands.Unfortunately,onlyanegligibleThegovernmenthasalsoallocatedfundsforshareofelectricityinHongKongisgeneratedelectricbusesforpublictransportation.TheEVfromrenewablesources.Therefore,EVsarenotsalessharewas8%in2022,whiletheshareoffleetautomaticallyasustainablealternative,buttheyiscurrentlyaround6%.helpreducelocalortailpipeemissions.Figure16.HongKongGEMRIXFigure16.HongKongGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE57INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO7High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykm6MARKET8DCcharging#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER72.38#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING19ACcharging10.03residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION17ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEV$36,628$0$43,370capitaincome8%$0$54,46017%PHEV$0$020350%$0GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherYearofICE100%generationp.c.92%salesban14kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLargePHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle26%UrbanpopulationFinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little32ARTHURD.LITTLEAlthoughauthoritieshighlighttheimportanceofMOREPUBLICCHARGINGchargingathomeortheworkplace,morepublicINFRASTRUCTUREWILLcharginginfrastructurewillberequiredtolowerBEREQUIREDTOLOWERadoptionbarriersforEVs.AcurrentgovernmentADOPTIONBARRIERSplanwantstohaveaminimumof5,000publicFOREVschargersinstalledinHongKongasearlyas2025,inadditionto125,000chargersinresidentialandcommercialbuildingparkinggarages.ThegovernmenthasprovidedfundsforinstallationofEVcharginginfrastructureatexistingresidentialbuildings.ForEVusersinHongKong,anincreasedtransparencyaboutpublicEVcharginglocationsinthecity,alongwithbetteraccessibility,willmakethetransitiontoEVeasier.33REPORT:GEMRIX2023UAE#7RANKIncentivessupportgovernment’sambitiousEVvision;charginginfrastructurefuelsEVgrowthEVsareincreasinglyvisibleontheUAE’sroads.TheconcertedeffortofboththegovernmentThisnumberissettoexpandrapidlyintheandprivatesectorsinboostingtheEVcomingyearsandwillinterlinkthetransportandlandscapehasbeenmetwithapromisingelectricitysectorslikeneverbefore,astheUAEresponsefromconsumers;astaggering82%areaimstobecomecarbonneutralby2050.UnderwillingtopurchaseanEVastheirnextvehicle.UAEVision2021,thegovernmenthasplacedastrongemphasisonpromotingtheadoptionNWTN,agreenmobilitytechfirm,wantstoofEVsacrossthecountry.Dubai,forexample,establishanEVassemblyplantinAbuDhabihaslauncheditsGreenMobilityStrategy2030,witha25,000squaremeterfacility.Itwillunderwhichitaimstohaveapproximatelyhaveaninitialcapacityof5,000-10,000units42,000electriccarsonthestreetsofDubaiannually,withpotentialexpansionto50,000.by2030.AdnocDistribution,theUAE’slargestfuelandIn2015,DubailaunchedtheEVGreenChargerconvenienceretailer,andAbuDhabiNationalinitiativetoenhancetheavailabilityofEnergyCompanyarecomingtogethertocreatechargingstationsforEVs.Theoverallnumbernewjointventure(JV)E2GO.TheventureaimsofchargingstationsinthecountryhasgrowntobecometheprimaryproviderofEVchargingconsiderablytoapproximately700stationsandpointsandinfrastructureinAbuDhabi,withissettoexpandfurther.TheDubaiElectricity&planstodeployanetworkoffastchargersatkeyWaterAuthorityandRoadTransportAuthoritylocations,providingassociatedsolutionslikeareworkingjointlytoincentivizetheuseofparkingandtollingservicesandrelateddigitalEVs,withbenefitssuchasfreeparkingandplatformstoenhanceEVcharging.exemptionfromtolls.By2050,theyaimtoFigure17m.aUkeApuEbliGctEraMnspRorItXationemissions-free.Figure17.UAEGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE57INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO7High-powercharging0.33#locationsperhighwaykm7MARKET7DCcharging#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER190.49#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING15ACcharging0.33residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION8ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEV$0$7$42,440capitaincome3%$0$33,37627%PHEV$0$720350%$7SmallMediumLargeYearofICEGDPp.c.RenewableenergyOthervehiclevehiclevehicleSmallMediumLargesalesban87%generationp.c.97%vehiclevehiclevehicle591kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation82%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little34ARTHURD.LITTLEByunlockingnewrevenuestreamsandcateringTHEUAEISWELLONITStotheevolvingneedsofEVcustomers,WAYTOACHIEVINGITSthepartnershipiswellplacedtopromoteGOALOFBECOMINGAtheadoptionofEVsinAbuDhabi.WithLEADERINE-MOBILITYthegovernment’scontinuedsupportandANDSUSTAINABLEcollaborationwiththeprivatesector,theTRANSPORTATIONUAEiswellonitswaytoachievingitsgoalofbecomingaleaderine-mobilityandsustainabletransportation.35REPORT:GEMRIX2023US#8RANKRobustgovernmentmeasurescontinuetocreatesustainableEVecosystem—drivenalsobyoneoftheworld’slargestEVOEMsUntilnow,EVadoptionhasbeenslowintheUS,TheUSautomotiveindustry’sdevelopmentwhereEVswereroughly6%ofsalesin2022.Byisnowsupportedbythecountry’sInflationtheendoftheyear,onlyabout1%ofthemoreReductionActpolicies,includinghugecleanthan280millionpassengervehiclesinthevehicletaxcreditsfordomesticmanufacturerscountrywereelectrified.AstheUShasalwaysofEVsandEVcomponentssuchasbatteries.beenacountryofsignificanceforthewholeTheriseofTeslaarguablykickedofftheelectricautomotiveindustry,developmentswillbemobilitymovementacrosstheglobeandrevivedexcitingtomonitoroverthecomingyears.theUSautomotiveindustry.Tesla’sModelYandModel3arestillthemostpopularEVswithintheTheUShasfavorablemacrofactorsthatareUS.GMandFordfolloweduponTesla’ssuccesssettingapromisingframeworkforEVs:highbyannouncingambitiousEVsalesplansandGDPpercapitaatmorethanUS$76,000andintroducingelectricversionsoficonicUScars5.6%GDPgrowthoverthelastthreeyearsliketheFordF-150andtheDodgeRam.GMaimsindicateadequatedisposableincomeinmanyfor40%ofglobalsalesbeingelectricby2025cases.Oneofthehighestmotorizationratesand100%ofUSpassengerEVsby2035.Fordacrosstheglobe,withnearly830carspertargetsa50%shareofEVsalesby2030.New1,000inhabitants,establishesthepotentialentrantsarealsotryingtogettheirshareofofthemarket.Highsmartphonepenetrationthemarket,suchasSUVbrandRivianandLucidof82%andholdingthirdplaceinGIIrankingsMotors.alsoshowstheUS’saffinityforinnovativetechnologies.Figure18.USGEMRIXFigure18.USGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE55INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO9High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.098MARKET7ACcharging0.61#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER12#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING6residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION20ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$7,500$0$76,399capitaincome3%1%$7,500$53,30339%$7,500$02035$0GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeYearofICE83%generationp.c.96%vehiclevehiclevehicleSmallMediumLargesalesbanvehiclevehiclevehicle2,614kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation51%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little36ARTHURD.LITTLEHowever,lackofinfrastructureisamajorEncouragingly,thecurrentUSgovernmentinhibitor:charge-pointdensityonhighwaysishasannouncedmoreambitiousplans.Ithasverylow,atapproximatelytwochargepointsperdeclaredagoalof50%ofsalesbeingEVsby1,000km.TheEastandWestCoastsboastbetter2030,withtheadditionof500,000newchargeinfrastructurethantheCentralandMidwesternpoints.Itbacksuptheseclaimsbysubsidizingstates.Additionally,energyinfrastructuremightEVpurchaseswithtaxcreditsofuptoUSposeaproblemforhomecharging,asresidential$7,500andafundforinfrastructurerollout,homesareusuallyservedbyasingle-phaseincludingUS$7.5billionfortheinstallationandpowersupply;onlycommercialsiteshavetheoperationofchargers.Togetherwiththestrongthree-phasepowerrequiredfor22kWchargers.tailwindformanufacturersfromtheIRA,theseThiscreatesoneofthelargestchallengesindevelopmentsmaketheUSoneofthemosttheUS,asrangeanxietyisthesecondbiggestattractivecountriesforEVplayersinthecominginhibitor,withmorethan25kmtraveledpertripyears.perinhabitant.37REPORT:GEMRIX2023QATAR#9RANKPolicyframeworksandincreasedcharginginfrastructurearerequiredtocapitalizeongrowingcustomerEVreadinessWithoneoftheworld’shighestGDPperAboosttotheEVlandscapecomesfromthecapitaandaheavilyoil-relianteconomy,recentlyconcludedFIFAWorldCup2022inQatarhassetambitioustargetstotransitionQatar,wheretheuseofelectricbusesandtaxisfromanindustrial-basedeconomicmodelraisedawarenessofEVsamongtouristsandtoasustainable,innovation-drivenone.Thelocalsalike,whilealsoencouragingconsumerscountry’sEVaspirationsalignwiththevisiontochooseEVs.Inaddition,tobringEVsandtofacilitatethetransition.hybridEVs(HEVs)toQatar,thecountryisformingpartnershipswithseveralinternationalAccordingtoQatarNationalVision2030,automakers.Forexample,QatarFreeZonesthenationaimedtoachieve25%ofitspublicAuthority(QFZA)recentlysignedamultilateraltransitbusfleettobeelectricby2022andhadframeworkagreementwithYutong,oneofthesuccessfullyreachedthismilestonebyyearend.world’sleadingbusandcoachsuppliers,andTheMinistryofTransport,inlinewithQatar’sMowasalat,Qatar’smajortransportservicesVision,aimstoswitch35%oftotalvehiclesinitsprovider,toestablishandoperateanelectricfleetand100%ofitspublictransportbusestobusfactory.Regardingcharginginfrastructure,electricby2030.ThesestrongcommitmentsareQatarGeneralElectricityandWaterCorporationatestamenttothepotentialoftheEVmarketin(Kahramaa)andfuelretailerWoqodsignedanQatar.agreementinlate2022tosupply,install,andoperate37DCfast-chargingunitsforEVsatWoqodstations.Figure19.QatarGEMRIXFigure19.QatarGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE54INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO8High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.05#locationsperkm2of9MARKET8ACcharging0.21residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER17REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING13$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION8$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEV$60,597capitaincome4%$39,48364%PHEV0%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOther99%generationp.c.96%52kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLargePHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle74%UrbanpopulationFinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little38ARTHURD.LITTLEInadditiontothesupportforpublicThegovernment’sstrongcommitmenttotransportation,thegovernmentispushingpromotinggreenmobilityisevidentintheactiveforhigherEVadoptionamongtheconsumerparticipationofvariousministries,offices,andsegment.TheMinistryofTransportisactivelystakeholdersindevelopingrobustinfrastructurepromotingthedeploymentofpersonalEVforEVchargingandofferingabroadrangechargingunitsforprivateuse,whilefinancialofbenefitslikefreecharging.Theseefforts,institutionsarerespondingtothegrowingcombinedwithafocusonenhancingchargingdemandforEVsandhybridsbyofferinggreeninfrastructureandprovidingincentivesforfinancingoptionstofacilitatepurchases.EVpurchases,areexpectedtoacceleratetheAsaresult,itisnotsurprisingthatnearlygrowthoftheEVmarketinQatarandcontributethree-quartersofconsumersareconsideringtoachievingthecountry’ssustainable,purchasinganEVastheirnextvehicle.innovation-driveneconomicgoals.39REPORT:GEMRIX2023NEWZEALAND#10RANKApromisingEVmarketwithloadsofrenewableenergyandlackofpubliccharginginfrastructureNewZealandisknownforitstourismandapproximately7%in2022,andPHEVsaleshavebeautifullandscapesandshowsincreasingbeenatmorethan15%.Currently,salessharesawarenessoftheneedforasustainableeconomy.areincreasingatahighspeed.ClimateissuesareparticularlyimportanttoNewZealanders,especiallygiventhattheAsia-Asaquitewealthysociety,withaGDPofmorePacificregionhassufferedseverelyfromnaturalthanUS$42,000percapitaandasolideconomydisasters.andpoliticalsystem,NewZealandhasgoodstartingconditionsforatransitiontoEVs.NewZealandislikelytobansalesofICEvehiclesAlso,ithasahighurbanizationrate,andstrongby2040buthasthusfarnottakenlegislativeinterestinEVshasbeenexpressedinsurveysactioninthatregard.ItcouldimproveitsGEMRIXamongconsumers.positiononceabanhasbeenintroduced.However,thegovernmenthastakenactiononotherends,Alargeshareofrenewableelectricitysuchasimplementingtradepoliciesthatfocusgeneration(around85%)willhelpNewZealandonsustainablegrowthandceasingfossil-fuelednotonlyreducetailpipeemissionsofitssubsidies.Forinstance,ithasintroducedanlocalcarfleetbutalsoloweroverallcarbonexemptionforroaduserchargesthatapplyemissionsfromtheroadtransportsectorbytheexclusivelytoEVs.ThesewillbeinplaceatleastintroductionofEVs.ThegovernmenthassetuntilMarch2024.Thegovernmentistargetinganouttoincreasethissharetofully100%by2030,EVshareof2%ofalllightvehiclesonthenation’senablingnet-zeroemissionsviauseofEVs.roadsbythattime.EVsalesshareshavereachedFigure20.NewZealandGEMRIXFigure20.NewZealandGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE53INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO8High-powercharging0.01#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.09#locationsperkm2of10MARKET11ACcharging0.03residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER11REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING5$3,927$448$0TCO&REGULATION19$448$448$3,927ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSAdjustedperBEVcapitaincomeUS7%PHEV$42,272$33,72415%12%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOther87%generationp.c.78%2,328kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLargePHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle48%UrbanpopulationFinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little40ARTHURD.LITTLENewZealandisspecificallyweakinpublicACLIMBUPTHEGEMRIXcharginginfrastructure,havingaverylowRANKSISPROBABLEFORGEMRIXscoreandonlyonechargerper75kmofNEWZEALANDINTHEstatestreets.Asamarketof“homechargers”FUTUREcurrently,NewZealandcouldstepuptobecomeAmbitiousFollowersquicklywithanimprovedpubliccharginginfrastructure.Someprovidershaveannouncedplanstoinstallseveralhundredultra-fastchargersoverthecomingyears.Thus,aclimbuptheGEMRIXranksisprobableforNewZealandinthefuture.Currently,thegrowthrateofpublicEVcharginginfrastructureismorethan30%year-on-year.41REPORT:GEMRIX2023JAPAN#11RANKAhugeHEVmarketpreparesforstartoffullelectrificationEVsalesasapercentageoftotalautosalesWhilePHEVsandBEVshavenotseenhighforJapanwereabout2%for2022,withanadoptioninthecountry,HEVsarestillquiteestimatedannualsalesvolumeofabout77,000popular,reachingarecordinsalesshareof49%units—ahugejumpfromaround42,000unitsoftotalautosalesin2022.Japanalsohasatheyearbefore.However,whileEVadoptionstrongEVcharginginfrastructure,withaboutisrisingslowly,recentinitiativestakenbythe30,000chargingstations,andthegovernmentgovernmentandOEMsareexpectedtobringaplanstoincreasethenumberto150,000bymuch-neededboosttoelectrification.2030.Withastrongmixofurbanpopulationandregulatorypush,JapanisslatedtobecomeoneIn2021,theGovernmentofJapansetatargetforofthebiggerEVmarketsglobally.allnewcarssoldby2035tobeenvironmentallyfriendly,whichwillpushEVsales.TheJapan’slaggardapproachtoe-mobilityisgovernmenthasalsosubsidizedpartofthecostlargelyduetoitshugeinvestmentsingasoline-ofpurchasingEVs,particularlyBEVs,PHEVs,andelectrichybrids.Foralongtime,theNissanfuelcellEVs(FCEVs).LocalautomakerssuchasLeafwastheonlysuccessfulBEVoperatinginToyota,Suzuki,andHondaexpandedtheirEVthecountry.Thus,boththegovernmentandofferingsin2022forthefirsttime,afterbettingJapanesecompanieshavegoodreasontoholdmuchlongeronhybridand(insmallnumbers)theirbetsonEVs.fuelcellpowertrains.ForJapaneseconsumers,2022markedthefirstyearofEVmodelavailabilityfromdomesticmanufacturers.Figure21.JapanGEMRIXFigure21.JapanGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE48INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO7High-powercharging0.21#locationsperhighwaykm11MARKET5DCcharging#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER80.31#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING12ACcharging1.13residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION15ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONAdjustedperBEVPHEV$3,000$0capitaincome$5,999US1%1%$33,815$31,197$4,50040%SmallMediumLarge$02035vehiclevehiclevehicle$0GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherYearofICE93%generationp.c.98%SmallMediumLargesalesbanvehiclevehiclevehicle2,009kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation27%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little42ARTHURD.LITTLEToday,JapandominatestheglobalmarketforAsdemandforHEVscontinuestorise,theEVthecurrentgenerationofgasoline-electriccharginginfrastructurewillfurtherimprove.vehicles.Givencustomers’familiaritywiththisThegovernmentprovidessubsidiesatthepointtechnology,theirpreferencetoshifttoPHEVs/ofpurchaseforEVs,butnosuchincentiveisBEVsisfarlowerthanthatofotherdevelopedcurrentlyprovidedforoperatingEVs.Thelatestnations.AlmosthalfofallvehiclessoldinchangesinthestrategyofJapaneseOEMshaveJapanareHEVs.AfterincentivesprovidedshownthatincumbentslikeToyotawillsurelybythegovernmentin2012,electricchargingmovequicklytoavoidbeingleftbehind.infrastructuredevelopedrapidlyinthecountry,withmorethan30,000stationsalreadyoperating.43REPORT:GEMRIX2023ISRAEL#12RANKPropelledbyboostinpubliccharginginfrastructureande-mobilityinnovationsIsraelisahighlyurbanized,denselypopulatedAnewdealbetweenToyotaandElectreonwillcountrywithahighdependencyonprivatecaryieldbuilt-inwirelesschargingforfutureToyotacommutes.ItscommitmenttofightingclimateEVs,aswellasaneasy-to-installkit.Withsuchchangehasresultedinanimpressivegrowthstoryinnovativesolutions,IsraelispoisedtobreakintoforEVsinthecountry,whichranksamongthetopthetopbracketofcountriesleadingtheglobalEVcountriesintheregionintermsofEVreadiness.market.Thegovernment’sannouncementofmakingelectriccarstheonlyoptionforpurchasefromWithoneofthehighestratesoftaxationonICE2030hasfurtherboostedtheEVlandscape.vehiclesintheworldandlowerratesforEVs,IsraelhasincentivizedtheadoptionofEVs.TheMoreover,Israel’srankingof16thinGIIavailabilityofpublicchargingstationsandgoodunderscoresitsaffinityforinnovativeelectricityinfrastructurehasalsofacilitatedtechnologies.Althoughthecountry’sEVindustrytheEVuptakeamongcustomers.Asaresult,islessmaturethanthatofcountrieslikeNorway,around45%ofconsumerswilllikelybuyanEVasSweden,andtheNetherlands,Israelicompaniestheirnextvehicle.MostcurrentEVpurchasesinhavedevelopedsomeofthebestsolutionsintheIsraelareChineseimports,withBYDandGeelyindustry.ManyoftheequipmentandsolutionsbecomingpopularbrandsandbeatinglegacydevelopedbyIsraelicompaniesarehighlyvalued,playerslikeHyundaiandKiainsalesnumbers.eveninmaturemarkets.Forexample,StoreDot,anIsraelistart-up,hasdevelopedafast-chargingAccordingtoIsraeliexpertsandimporters,batterythatcanchargeanEVinjustfiveminutes,advancedtechnologies,higheravailability,andwhileElectreonWirelesshasdevelopedwirelessbetterconfigurationarethethreemainreasonschargingtechnologyforEVs,enablingamoreforthesuccessofChineseEVsintheIsraelimarket.2Figure22co.nvIesnrieanteclhaGrgiEngMexRpeIriXence.Figure22.IsraelGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE47INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO8High-powercharging0.02#locationsperhighwaykm12MARKET7DCcharging#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER110.28#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING10ACcharging0.47residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION10ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEV$1$0$47,157capitaincome4%PHEV$1$10,8033%$1$0203015%$0GDPp.c.RenewableenergySmallMediumLargeYearofICE93%generationp.c.OthervehiclevehiclevehicleSmallMediumLargesalesban93%vehiclevehiclevehicle491kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaUrbanpopulationPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.45%Source:ArthurD.Little2XinhuaNewsAgency.“ChineseElectricCarsBecomeNewBlackinIsraeliMarketasNewEnergyVehicleIndustryThrives.”ChinaDaily,14February2023.44ARTHURD.LITTLEHowever,rapidgrowthofEVshasputtheIsraeliTHEOVERALLEVgovernmentinaconundrum.ThegovernmentINDUSTRYISBEINGisdiscussingdoublingthepurchasetaxonEVsBOLSTEREDBYfrom10%to20%.TheintentistoemphasizeTHEGOVERNMENTpublictransportationversusmassiveprivateEVcarusage,asonegovernmentofficialreportedsayingthatthegovernment’s“aimisnottofilltheroads,buttoencouragetravelonpublictransport.”Whilethismovemaycausesomeconfusioninthemarketregardingemphasisonpublicandprivatemobility,theoverallEVindustryisbeingbolsteredbythegovernment.45REPORT:GEMRIX2023JORDAN#13RANKWell-developedelectricinfrastructure;young,urbanpopulation;andboomingtourismindustrybodeswellforEVmarketIntheheartoftheMiddleEast,Jordanheavilyonimportedvehicles,focusingonusedistransformingintoasustainableandcarsratherthannewones.Affordabilityisaenvironmentallyfriendlynation.ThecountrykeyconsiderationforJordaniancarbuyers.hasshownsignificantinterestinpromotingEVs,Thus,costadvantagewouldbeasignificantparticularlythroughgovernmentsupport.Insellingpointformovingfromfuel-basedtorecentstudies,morethanhalfofthepopulationelectriccars.Therefore,thegovernmentmustshowsinterestinbuyingEVsastheirnextinvestincharginginfrastructureandpublicvehicle.Jordanhasasignificantshareofthetransportationtosupportthetransitiontowardyoungandurbanpopulation(92%),whoaremorealow-carboneconomy.likelytoembracesustainabletechnologieslikeEVs.Additionally,Jordanhasawell-developedJordan’seconomicmodernizationvisionaimselectricinfrastructure,whichisakeyenablertopromoteEVadoptionaspartofitsstrategyforrobustEVcharginginfrastructureandtoreducedependenceonimportedfossilfuelsopportunitiesforhomecharging.andpromotesustainableenergysolutions.ThegovernmenthasalreadyimplementedseveralJordan’sboomingtourismindustrywillhaveainitiativestosupportEVadoption,includingpositiveeffectonexpandingthecommercialdevelopinganetworkofelectricchargingautomotivesector.Intendingtobuildalow-stations.Onesuchinitiativeisviaapartnershipcarbontransportationinfrastructure,JordanwithGermanelectricchargingstationcompanycancapturethisboomincommercialtransporteChargetoinstall10,000publicchargingpointstoenrichelectricmobility.Thecountryreliesnationwide.Figure23.JordanGEMRIXFigure23.JordanGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE46INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO5High-powercharging0.02#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.10#locationsperkm2of13MARKET6ACcharging0.40residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER16REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING8$1$0$1TCO&REGULATION12$0$1$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEV$4,111capitaincome4%PHEV$3,7943%28%GDPp.c.RenewableenergySmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge92%generationp.c.Othervehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle93%273kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaUrbanpopulationPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.72%Source:ArthurD.Little46ARTHURD.LITTLETomeetrisingdemand,JordanisalsomakingOVERALL,JORDANHASstridesinelectrifyingpublictransportationbyFAVORABLECONDITIONSpurchasingupto15newbatteryelectricbusesFOREVADOPTION(BEBs)inapilotrolloutforthefirstelectricbustransportationnetworkinthecity.Thisprojectispartofalargerfleetexpansionprojectthatinvolvespurchasing151buses—136dieselEuroVbusesand15BEBs.Overall,JordanhasfavorableconditionsforEVadoption.Withcontinuedfiscalincentivesfromthegovernment,suchasexemptedregistrationfeesandlowercustomsdutiescomparedtoICEvehicles,thecountryiswellpositionedtoaccelerateitstransitiontowardsustainabletransportation.47REPORT:GEMRIX2023KUWAIT#14RANKAmbitiousinfrastructuregoalsandplansfortheMiddleEast’sfirstEVmanufacturingcenterindicatepotentialprogressintransitionKuwait’se-mobilityreadinessisgainingCustomers’sentimenttowardelectricmomentum,withvariousinitiativesbeingtransportationislukewarm,givennosubstantialimplementedtoencouragetheadoptionofvalueadditionoverICEvehicles.OnthepositiveEVs.With100%urbanization,thereisahighside,theKuwaitipopulationownsahighnumberconcentrationofpeopleandautomobilesinofcarsper1,000people.SUVsareKuwait’smostdenselypopulatedareas,whichcouldmakepopularvehicletype,accountingforalittleEVsaviableoptionforreducingairpollutionlessthanhalfofthemarket.Kuwaitisalsoanandtrafficcongestion.Inaddition,theexceptionalmarketforhigh-endluxuryandInternetpenetrationrateinKuwaitis100%,vintagecars.ThisreflectsthattheaveragewhichcouldfacilitatesimpleaccesstoonlineKuwaitiiswillingtospendahigheramountcharginginfrastructure,vehicletracking,oncars.Kuwaitalsopossessesanexpansiveandmaintenanceservices.OtherpotentialautopartssupplychainbyleadingthesupplyindicatorsincludeKuwait’shighpercapitaservicestoIraqandAfghanistan.ThesefactorsGDPandthegovernment’scommitmenttocanaddtopositiveacceptabilityofEVsasthesustainabledevelopment.transitiontakesplace.However,Kuwaitisahighlyoil-drivenmarket,InOctober2022,Kuwait-basedlogisticscompanywithmorethan50%ofitseconomygeneratingAgilityannouncedaninvestmentofUS$20outputfromtheindustrysector.SucheasymillioninLoopGlobal,aUSmanufacturerofEVandinexpensiveavailabilityoffuelposesainfrastructure.Thisexhibitstheinclinationofhindrancetotheevolutionofelectricmobility.privateplayerstomoveaheadintheEVspace.Figure24.KuwaitGEMRIXFigure24.KuwaitGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE46INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO7High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.01#locationsperkm2of14MARKET6ACcharging0.03residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER13REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING12$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION8$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$28,992capitaincome0%0%$28,77360%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge100%generationp.c.100%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle14kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation53%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little48ARTHURD.LITTLETheKuwaitigovernment’sinfrastructureandMinisterofPublicWorksandMinisterofenvironmentalobjectivesareambitious.KuwaitElectricity,Water,andRenewableEnergyAliPortsAuthority(KPA)announcedintentionsAl-MousasaidinastatementtoKuwaitNewstodevelopEVCity,theMiddleEast’sfirstAgency(KUNA)thataproposedelectricchargingEVmanufacturingcenter,inAugust2021.Inruleintendstogiveelectriccarchargerstofiscalyear2023/2024,designandconstructionclients.3Therulestressesthatitestablishescontractsweretobeputouttobid.ThedecisionamechanismtoenhancetheplacementsoftocreateafacilityforEVmakersalignswiththechargingpointsindifferentareasofKuwaitvisionofNewKuwait2035.ThisvisionstrivestowhiletakingtechnicallimitationsandKuwait’srecastKuwaitasatradinghub.Strengtheningenvironmentintoaccount.“Preparingthistradingrelationswouldpavethewaytoregulationwillencouragemanyforeignelectriccometoparwithotherleadingeconomiesincar-producingcompaniestoentertheKuwaititransportationdevelopment.market,whichisoneofMEW’sgoals,”theministeradded.3“ElectricCarChargersRegulationReady:KuwaitiOfficial.”KuwaitTimes,9October2022.49REPORT:GEMRIX2023AUSTRALIA#15RANKGovernmentincentivesandincreasinginvestmentsintocharginginfrastructuresupportdouble-digitannualgrowthofEVmarketLikeotherlargeterritorialstateswithThereisalackoffast-chargingstations,populationscloggingsomeurbanespeciallyatinterstateconnections.Severalagglomerations,EVsharesofvehiclefleetsfederalfinancialincentivesareinplace;fordiffergreatlyinAustralia.Thisshareisveryexample,ahigherthresholdfornet-zero-lowinruralandscarcelypopulatedareas,butemissionsvehiclesinluxurycartax(LCT)hashigherinlargecitieswithbetterdevelopedbeenintroduced,andallcustomsdutieshaveinfrastructureandhigherawarenessofbeenremovedforBEVs,PHEVs,andFCEVs.sustainabilityandclimatechangeissues.Additionally,zeroandlowtailpipeemissionsvehiclesareexemptfromfringebenefitsAustraliaisgenerallywelldevelopedandhasatax(FBT).Someterritorieshaveintroducedstrongeconomy,withahighGDPofmorethanadditionalbenefits,suchasfreeregistrationsUS$60,000percapita.In2022,itsEVsalesforBEVs,directpurchasesubsidies,andstampsharewasreportedat7%forPHEVsand1.5%fordutywaivers.BEVs.AustraliaannouncedthatitwouldbanICEregistrationsfrom2035onwards—puttingitonAustralia’sshareofrenewableenergyintapwiththeambitionleveloftheEU.electricityisstilllow,atbelow40%,butgrowing.ThegridisstableandwelldevelopedinurbanHowever,infrastructureisaproblem,especiallyareas.inareaswithlowpopulationandtrafficdensity.Figure25.AustraliaGEMRIXFigure25.AustraliaGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE46INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO8High-powercharging0.01#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.0115MARKET10ACcharging0.18#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER10#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING6residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION12ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$1,921$1,921$1,921$0$60,798capitaincome1%7%SmallMediumLarge$40,201vehiclevehiclevehicle16%$02035$0GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherYearofICE86%generationp.c.92%SmallMediumLargesalesbanvehiclevehiclevehicle2,386kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation38%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little50ARTHURD.LITTLEConsumerinterestinEVshasonlyjustbegun,EVsMAYBECOMEasAustraliaisnotabigcarmarketanddueMOREPOPULARAStoitsright-handtrafficstyleisrarelyamongNEWMODELSAREthefirstmarketsservedbynewentrants.INTRODUCEDStill,approximately150differentEVandPHEVmodelsarenowavailableonthemarket,andsteadilyincreasinginnumber.EVsmaybecomemorepopularasnewmodelsareintroducedbeyondSUVsandsedans(e.g.,pick-uptrucksandvans).51REPORT:GEMRIX2023INDIA#16RANKStronggovernmentpushdrivesEVadoptionIndiaisuniquelypositionedintheEVspace,withTheIndiangovernment’sFasterAdoptionandhighcustomeradoptioninafewsegments.TheManufacturingofHybridandElectricVehiclescurrentpenetrationrateofalittlemorethanII(FAME-II)policyisoneofthemostimportant1%isnotencouraging,butgiventhecountry’sregulatoryfactorsdrivingtheEVpush.Althoughambitionsandcapacitycommitments,itmightcurrentEVinfrastructureisbarelypresent,bothturnouttobethedarkhorseintheEVrace.localandglobalplayershaveplacedbigbetsonsettingupadequateEVinfrastructureintheMoreandmoreIndian-basedmanufacturerscomingtwotothreeyears.Arisingmiddle-classandlocalsubsidiariesofinternationalOEMspopulation,thegovernment’spushtoreducerecognizethehugeopportunityofthelargecarbonemissions,andincreasingfuelpricesarelocalvehiclemarket.TataMotorscurrentlysomeotherfactorsdrivingEVadoption.hasamarketshareofmorethan70%inthenascentmarketbutwillhavetofaceincreasingTheIndiangovernmentisprovidingcompetition.severalfinancialincentivestoOEMsinEVmanufacturing,whichhavebeenpasseddownHowever,EVadoptionhasbeenhigherfor2Wstocustomersatthepointofpurchase.However,and3WsinIndiaincomparisontopassengerlackofadequatecharginginfrastructurehascars,whichhavenothadmuchtraction.Alackrestrainedcustomersfromshiftingtowardofproperroadconnectivity,longchargingEVs,whichisstillusuallyapreferredsecondtimes,andinfrastructureconstraintshavecarchoiceforaspirationalconsumersinthefunneledpenetrationinfavorof2Wsand3Wscountry.inthecountry,whichremainthebackboneoftransportinthelargeurbancenters.Figure26.IndiaGEMRIXFigure26.IndiaGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE44INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO2High-powercharging0.05#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.03#locationsperkm2of16MARKET4ACcharging0.12residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER15REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING9$1$0$1TCO&REGULATION14$0$1$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSAdjustedperBEVPHEVcapitaincomeUS1%1%$2,071$1,66394%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge35%generationp.c.98%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle213kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation66%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little52ARTHURD.LITTLEAlotofnonfinancialincentiveshavebeenIndia’sprominenceintheglobalspaceisprovidedforEVs,whichhasfurtherspurredreflectedinitsmissiontoplayanimportantroleadoption.GivenIndia’sdemographics,theshiftintheEVspace.Itremainstobeseenifplanswill,however,beledbythemetropolisesofputinplacematerializesoonforthecountrytoDelhi,Mumbai,Bengaluru,andChennaibeforeitachieveitstargets.tricklestootherpartsofthecountry.Thelowercostandcustomerpreferencetotravelsmallerdistancesonbikeshaveledtofasteradoptionof2Ws.PlayerslikeOlaandAtherhavealreadysoldouttheirfirstbatchesofEVbikes,andlargeOEMslikeHero,Honda,andTVShaveshiftedtheirfocusto2Wsaswell.53REPORT:GEMRIX2023THAILAND#17RANKStrongstakeholderengagementenhancesEVadoptionOftenreferredtoasthe“AutomotiveHubofTheThailandgovernmentissupportingEVsalesAsia,”Thailandhaswitnessedtheflourishingthroughvariousdemand-sideandsupply-sideofitsautomobileindustryovertheyears.Theincentives,includingtaxincentivesforlocalindustrycontributessignificantlytoitsGDP.EVproductionandimportdutiesexemptiononmachinery.Theyarealsoofferingafive-Atpresent,EVpenetrationisstilllow,withayearcorporateincometaxexemptionforfleetshareofbelow1%andasalesshareof3%investmentsinchargingstationswithatleastofallnewcarsasof2022.Itisencouragingto40chargers.Thegovernmenthassetatargetnote,however,thatalmosthalfthepopulationof1.123millionnet-zero-emissionsvehiclesbywouldpreferanEVintheyearstocome.To2030,withafocusonelectrificationinthecarsustainthisenthusiasm,Thailandwillneedandpick-upsegment.activegovernmentinterventionandstakeholderengagement.Recentprogressisnoteworthy.Also,thegovernmenthasplannedconsistentTherehasbeenaconcertedpushtofast-effortsforbuildingthecountry’schargingtrackEVadoptioninthecountry.State-runinfrastructure.TheMinistryofIndustry,forcompanies,academicinstitutions,governmentexample,targetsthesettingupofchargingagencies,andautomotiveassociationsarestationswithinamaximum50-to70-kmradiustakingtheleadinelectrifyingthevehicularintheyearstocome.Tobolsterthis,threestatefleet,particularlyintheareaofpublicenterprises—ElectricityGeneratingAuthoritytransportation.ofThailand(EGAT),MetropolitanElectricityAuthority(MEA),andProvincialElectricityFigure27.ThailandGEMRIXAuthority(PEA)—havejoinedtosupportinvestmentsinEVcharginginfrastructure.Figure27.ThailandGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE44INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO2High-powercharging0.03#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.01#locationsperkm2of17MARKET3ACcharging0.02residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER17REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING6$2,075$148$4,446TCO&REGULATION15$39$4,446$15ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$7,497capitaincome3%2%$5,40312%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge52%generationp.c.95%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle306kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation80%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little54ARTHURD.LITTLETheThailandNationalEVPolicyCommitteeThailand,therefore,issetforacceleratedhasintroducedaroadmapasaframeworkforgrowthinEVsinthenextfiveto10years,EVdevelopmentfrom2021to2035,withthewithincreasedinvestmentsfromlocalandaimofdevelopingawell-establishedsupplyThaiinvestors,coupledwithgovernmentchainformanufacturingEVsandbuildingtheincentives.Thegovernmenthascommittedtechnologicalcapacityformodernmobility.tocarbonneutralityby2050,whichwillleadtoathrustinEVadoptionfrom2025onwards.WithEGAT,theMinistryofHigherEducation,Thegovernment’sNationalElectricVehicleScience,Research,andInnovationandseveralPolicyCommitteehassetthetargetofEVsalesacademicinstitutionshavecollaboratedtopenetrationat30%by2030.formtheThailandEnergyStorageTechnologyAlliance(TESTA),whichhastheobjectiveofrevolutionizinglocalstoragetechnology,akeypillarofelectricmobility.55REPORT:GEMRIX2023BAHRAIN#18RANKInaugurationoffirstEVchargingstationandcollaborationwithmicro-mobilityfirmspaveswayforgrowthBahrainhasbegunitsfirststepstowardBahrainhostedaDecarbonizationRoundtableembracingEVswiththeinaugurationoftheSeriestoenhanceunderstandingofcarbonfirstEVchargingstationin2021,followingmarketsandtheiraffectinachievingnet-zerointhefootstepsofotherGulfCorporationemissions,whichcouldhaveimplicationsfortheCouncil(GCC)countriesaimingtoelectrifydevelopmentoftheEVindustryinBahrain.transportation.Inaddition,Bahrain’sEconomicVision2030emphasizestheimportanceFurthermore,initialprogresscomesfromofincreasingsustainability.Inthefuture,collaborationbetweenBahrain’sMinistryofthisvisioncanpavetheroadforprogressiveTransportationandTelecommunications(MTT)adoptionofe-mobilitysolutions.andTIER,theleadingmicro-mobilityfirminEurope,toinstallemissions-freeelectricInNovember2021,BahrainlauncheditsLogisticsscootersandbikesacrossthecityofManama.ServicesSectorStrategy2022–26tolifttheAdditionally,in2022,theNationalBankoflogisticssector’scontributiontoGDPto10%.Bahrain(NBB)joinedhandswithBahrainThiswouldbenefitthecountry’scommercialNationalInsurancetoofferdiscountedmotortransportationingeneral.GiventhesebroadandEVinsurancepremiums.infrastructuraldevelopments,electrificationoflogisticaltransitcanbeconsideredafuturestep.Figure28.BahrainGEMRIXFigure28.BahrainGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE43INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO7High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.00#locationsperkm2of18MARKET5ACcharging0.00residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER11REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING12$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION8$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$25,311capitaincome0%0%$17,76446%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge90%generationp.c.100%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle8kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation50%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little56ARTHURD.LITTLEThisserviceisprovidedaspartofNBB’sBusinessesthatoperateintheoilandgasautomobilelendingprogram.Customersalsobusinessorgeneratemoneyfromtheextractionwillreceiveuptofiveyears’completeinsuranceorrefinementoffossilfuelsinBahrainarecoverageforagencyrepairs,aswellasadditionalexemptfromalltaxes,includingincome,sales,benefitslikebatteryreplacementandelectriccapitalgains,andestatetaxes.Becauseofcarrecharging.In2023,BahrainicompanyMarsonthegovernment’ssignificanthandinthefuelGroupannouncedplanstolaunchBahrain’sindustry,privatecompaniesarenotadequatelyfirstelectriccarfactory.Theorganizationhasincentivizedtooperateinnon-oilbusinesses.partneredwithUSmanufacturingcompanyGassBahrainstillhasalongwaytogoinencouragingAutoforimplementation.ThefactoryintendsOEMsandauxiliarycompaniestoentertheEVtomanufacturevariousEVs,including2Wsandcarmarket.passengercars.57REPORT:GEMRIX2023OMAN#19RANKNet-zeroannouncementsandpubliccharginginfrastructuregrowtharelikelytoincreaseEVreadiness,butcountrystillhaslongwaytogoAspartofOmanVision2040,thegovernmentchargingisdoneduringoff-peakhours.Italsohassetoutplansforasustainablefuturewithaintendstodramaticallyupgradeitsmeteringdiversifiedeconomy;theadoptionofEVsplaysasystem.Asaresult,thereisachancethatPEV-crucialroleinthisgoal.Withmorethan2millionspecificormoregeneraloff-peakrateswillvehiclesonOman’sroads,representingalmostemergeinthemediumterm.Inthemeantime,halfofthecountry’spopulation,reducingwithahighhomeownershiprateandsubsidizedcarbonemissionsfromthetransportsectorisaelectricitytariffregimesinplaceforresidentialtoppriority.Thegovernmenthascommittedtocustomers,homechargingislikelytobequiteachievingnet-zeroemissionsby2050aspartofattractivecomparedwiththerunningcostsofitsCOP27commitment,withplanstophaseoutanICEvehicle.fuel-operatedvehiclesandensurethatabout80%ofvehiclesinOmanareelectricby2035.Oman’sBahwanServicesandTrading(BST)andSaudiArabia’sAjlan&Brothers(Abilitii)haveTosupportEVadoption,thegovernmentissignedacollaborationagreement,aligningwithprioritizingthedevelopmentofinfrastructureSaudiVision2030andOmanVision2040.Thethatenhancesconvenienceforearlyadopters.agreementencompassesprojectsinindustrialForlargeindustrialandcommercialusers,Omanmanufacturingoflithium-ionbatteries,hasimplementedtime-of-use(TOU)charges,renewableenergy,healthcare,andfoodsecurity.whicharemoreappealingthandefaultrates,ifFigure29.OmanGEMRIXFigure29.OmanGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE43INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO6High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.00#locationsperkm2of19MARKET6ACcharging0.02residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER11REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING12$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION7$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$18,450capitaincome3%0%$10,80364%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge87%generationp.c.97%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle46kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation44%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little58ARTHURD.LITTLECharginginfrastructuredevelopmentiscriticalCHARGINGtothesuccessoftheEVindustryinOman.INFRASTRUCTUREAlthoughfacilitiesarestillsomewhatlimited,DEVELOPMENTISnewfuelstationsonmajorhighwaysarenowCRITICALTOTHErequiredtoincludeEVchargingfacilities.AttheSUCCESSOFTHEEVsametime,free-of-chargefacilitiesavailableINDUSTRYINOMANatanincreasingnumberofhotelsandmallsarefurtherexpectedtoaccelerateOman’stransitiontowardsustainablemobility.59REPORT:GEMRIX2023ALGERIA#20RANKStrongparticipationfromvariousstakeholders,includinggovernmentandprivateplayers,actsastailwindtoaccelerateEVmarketAlgeria,thelargestnationintheAfricanAlgerianPresidentAbdelmadjidTebboune’scontinent,ismakingremarkableprogressinstatementtosupportEVimportsinthecountrytheEVmarket.Thegovernmenthastakenstrengthensitscommitmenttopromotingsignificantstepstocreateasupportivethesector’sgrowth.ItwillalsohelptheNorthenvironmentforitsgrowth.IthasprovidedaAfricannationtoreducepollutionsincethe20%importbenefitonEVsoverICEvehicles,transportsectorgenerates20milliontonsofferingasolutiontothecostissueforanofCO2annually.In2015,thesun-richcountryimport-basedEVmarket.updateditsRenewableEnergyandEnergyEfficiencyDevelopmentPlanto2030toincreaseTofurtherpromotegrowthinthesector,Algeriaitsproductionofrenewableenergy,whichwillhassetanambitioustargetofinstalling1,000benefitthecharginginfrastructureforEVs.chargingstationsin58wilayasby2024.PublicenergycompanySonelgaz,inpartnershipwithThesegovernmentinitiativesarespurringNaftal,asubsidiaryofSonatrach,willinstallinterestinthemarketamongotherthesechargingstations.Additionally,theCentrestakeholders.InMarch2023,Fiat’sowner,fortheDevelopmentofRenewableEnergiesStellantis,hasincludedAlgeriaasakey(CDRE)initiativetodesignandmanufacturecontributortoitsDareForward2030strategicAlgeria’sfirstEVhasfurthersupportedtheplan.Stellantis’songoingproject,theTafraoui-enterprise.TheunitproductioncostofthisOranmanufacturingfacility,willfacilitatethesmallEVwithseatingcapacityoftwoisjustproductionofAlgeria’sfirsthybridvehicle,theunderUS$5,300,makingitveryfeasibleforEVFiat500Hybrid.growthinthenation.Figure30.AlgeriaGEMRIXFigure30.AlgeriaGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE42INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO3High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.00#locationsperkm2of20MARKET1ACcharging0.00residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER15REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING12$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION10$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$3,683capitaincome0%0%$1,68232%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge74%generationp.c.100%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle16kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation80%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little60ARTHURD.LITTLEHowever,Algeria’snextchallengeliesinTHEGOVERNMENTaddressingrangeanxietyinthedesertnationMUSTACCELERATETHEcausedbyhightemperaturesandanabove-INSTALLATIONOFMOREaveragecommutelength.ThegovernmentmustCHARGINGSTATIONSacceleratetheinstallationofmorechargingstationstosolvethisproblem.Nevertheless,withthegovernment’ssupport,carmanufacturers’initiatives,andhighcustomerreadiness(approximately80%),AlgeriaispoisedtodefinetheEVmarketintheMENAregion.61REPORT:GEMRIX2023INDONESIA#21RANKStrategicadvantageandincentivessparkingEVpushTheautomotiveindustryisoneofIndonesia’s55/2019,whichaimstodevelopanend-to-endmostsignificantcontributorsofGHGemissions;EVsupplychain.at27%,itisrankedasthesecond-largestemitter.Thegovernment,asperMinistryofIndustryRegulationNo.6/2022,hasalsosetanationalAround10,000electriccarsweresoldintargetof600Kbatteryelectricfour-wheelersIndonesiain2022.AspartofitsEVroadmap,(e4Ws)and2.45millione2Wsby2030.EVthecountryseekstobecomeamajorEVmarketincentivesincludeeaseoflicenseprocurement,by2030.Interestingly,thecountryholdsonecoupledwithlucrativetaxincentivessuchasofthelargestnickelreservesintheworld,aa0%tariffonluxuryvehiclesthatadheretokeycomponentofthelithium-ionbatterycellsnet-zero-emissionstechnologystandards.ThedrivingtheEVrevolution.ThisgivesthecountrygovernmenthasreducedtheVATonEVstoamajorstrategicadvantageinEVexpansion,1%from11%,bringingthestartingpriceof,forandIndonesiaisplanningtodomesticallyexample,aHyundaiIONIQ5tounderUS$45,000produce600,000EVsperyear.fromoverUS$51,000.However,thispricepositioningisstillnotgoodenoughformanyTothisend,theIndonesiangovernmenthasprospectiveEVbuyersinthecountry,withaperintroducedvariousincentives,suchasthecapitaGDPofUS$7,500.MobilizationisverylowPositiveInvestmentList(PIL),whichpromisesininternationalcomparison;inmanycases,theahostofincentivesforcompaniesmakingfirststepbeforeadoptingelectricpassengerinvestmentsintheEVspace.Since2013,thecarswouldbee2Wsore3Ws.PartoftheissueIndonesiangovernmenthasbeenintroducingcomesfromthehighvehicle-importduty:incentivestosupportxEVs(BEVs,PHEVs,andcompletelybuiltunits(CBUs)facea50%importHEVs)throughitsLowCarbonEmissionVehicleduty,whilecompletelyknockeddown(CKD)vehiclesarestillchargedat10%ofthevalue.Figure31(L.CIEnV)dproognraemsainadPGreEsidMenRtiaIlXRegulationNo.Figure31.IndonesiaGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE40INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO1High-powercharging0.02#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.00#locationsperkm2of21MARKET3ACcharging0.00residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER11REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING8$5,130$0$0TCO&REGULATION18$0$5,130$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$4,783capitaincome1%0%$1,40133%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge57%generationp.c.99%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle115kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation50%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little62ARTHURD.LITTLEAdditionally,thecountryiswitnessingTraditionalfuelpricesarelowcomparedtoaggressiveurbanizationandanincreasingothermarkets;thus,theeconomicsofEVsstillshareofyouthamongitspopulation.Hence,thedonotconvincemanytobuythem.Atthesameenvironmentisconducivetorapidexpansionoftime,giventhestrategicadvantagearoundEVs;still,thereneedstobeaconsistentinfusionthecountry’snickelreserves,governmentofcapital,time,andefforts.Accordingtoincentives,andinterestfromprivateinvestors,CoordinatingMinisterforMaritimeAffairsandIndonesiaispoisedforstronggrowthintheInvestmentLuhutBinsarPandjaitan,IndonesiaEVsector.ToyotaIndonesia,forinstance,hasrequiresUS$35billiontobuildandscaleitsEVannouncedaUS$1.8billioninvestmentinEVecosystem.assembly,whileLGhascommittedUS$9.8billiontowardEVbatterycellmanufacturing,ChallengesaroundsupportinginfrastructureinallowingittobenefitgreatlyfromPILincentives.Indonesiaprevail;asoftheendof2022,only439chargingunitswerebuiltacross328locations.Conversely,apromising960battery-swapstationsfore2Wshadbeensetup.63REPORT:GEMRIX2023MOROCCO#22RANKPotentialtobecomeEVmanufacturinghub,withplansforgigafactoryandinvestmentsinEVsupplychainThecurrentEVfleetinMoroccoaccountsforThisdevelopmentisexpectedtoprovideaonly0.2%ofallpassengercars.AffordabilityreliablelocalsourceofEVbatteries,benefitingconcernsareoneofthecriticalcausesthecountry’sautoindustry.Thebatteryunderpinningsuchamarginalmarketlandscape.manufacturerlikelywillsupplyRenaultandFuelpricesinthecountryhavereachedStellantis,furthersolidifyingMorocco’skeyEVunprecedentedhighsduetothesurgeinglobalmanufacturinghubposition.StellantisalreadyenergypricesandsupplychaindisruptionshassignedadealtoproduceOpel’sRocks-eEVcausedbyRussia’sinvasionofUkraine.TheseinKenitra.priceincreaseshavediscouragedpeoplefrompurchasingavehicleduetorisingoperationalMoroccoisworkingtowarddevelopingacosts.Besidesaffordability,thecountry’scomprehensiveEVsupplychain,includingcharginginfrastructureisweak.battery-recyclingandminingcompanies.Thecountryhassignificantcobaltdeposits,akeyDespitethecurrentscenario,theEVsectorincomponentofEVbatteries,whichcouldsupportMoroccoholdssignificantpotentialforgrowthitsEVmanufacturingcapabilities.BMWhasandoffersvariousbenefitsacrossdifferentsigneda€100millionsupplycontractwithlocaldimensions.MoroccoissettobecomeacrucialminerManagemtosourcecobaltforitsEVhubforEVmanufacturing,asseveralOEMshavebatterycells.Theseinvestmentsshouldfurtherannouncedinvestmentplans.ThegovernmentenhanceMorocco’sappealasanEVproductionhasrevealedplanstoconstructagigafactory,hub.butfurtherprogressisyettobecommunicated.Figure32.MoroccoGEMRIXFigure32.MoroccoGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE38INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO3High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.01#locationsperkm2of22MARKET4ACcharging0.05residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER17REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING5$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION9$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$3,517capitaincome0%0%$2,68732%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge64%generationp.c.100%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle190kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation83%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little64ARTHURD.LITTLEMoreover,Morocco’sautoindustryisanticipatedMorocco’sIntersectorialAssociationforElectrictogrowduetoitspopularityamongautopartsMobility(APIME)isleadingtheinitiativetoandcomponentsmanufacturersrelocatingopen2,500EVchargingstationsby2026.ThefromUkraineduetotheongoingwar.JapanesechargingstationsmainlywillbelocatedinmajorcompanySumitomoElectricIndustriescitieslikeTangier,Rabat,andCasablanca.TheannounceditsplantorelocateitswiringmoveshouldincentivizemoreconsumerstoharnessproductionfromUkrainetoMoroccoswitchtoEVs.andRomania.ThisrelocationshouldboosttheautomotiveindustryinMoroccoandRomania,createnewjobopportunities,andincreaseexports.65REPORT:GEMRIX2023SAUDIARABIA#23RANKViaSaudiVision2030andhugeinvestmentsininfrastructure,EVindustrysettogrowexponentiallySaudiArabiaisoneofthebiggestautomotiveitsmarketintheMiddleEast,establishingitsmarketsintheGCCregion,withmorethan50%firstoverseasmanufacturingplantintheKingofallnewvehiclesalesintheregion.ContinuingAbdullahEconomicCity(KAEC)regionofthewithitspolicyofrevampingtheoveralleconomynation.KSAhasalsoagreedtopurchase100,000underSaudiVision2030,theKingdomofvehiclesfromthegroupinthenextdecade.WithSaudiArabia(KSA)introducedtheSaudiGreentheseprojections,KSAplanstobuilda310,000Initiativein2021topromotegreenenergy,productioncapacityforEVby2030.emphasizingEVs.Theinitiativeboastsatargetof30%oftotalvehiclesinthecapitalbeingEVsFollowinginthefootstepsofNorway,anoil-builtby2030.economy,KSAalsoaimstoprovideafavorableenvironmentforEVimports/manufacturerstoWithavisiontobeasignificantplayerintheestablishtheirbase,enablingpublicchargingglobalEVindustry,inearlyNovember2022,infrastructureandprovidingbenefitsforHRHCrownPrinceMohammedbinSalmancustomerstoreduceTCO.KSAhassignedannouncedthecreationofCEER,thefirstSaudiagreementswithvariouscompaniestodevelopautomotivebrand.ItisaJVbetweenPIFandEVpubliccharginginfrastructureinthecountry,TaiwanesemanufacturerFoxconntodevelop,afewkeyplayersbeingElectrominandABB.build,andsellseveralBEVsinKSAby2025.TheElectrominalreadyhasinstalled100chargingcompanyhasatargettoproducemorethanstationsinthecountryandplanstogrow150,000EVsannuallytobeavailableintheGulfexponentiallywiththegovernment’ssupport.Itcountries.Inadditiontothis,PIFalsoboughtalsoprovidesfree-of-costchargingatvariousamajoritystake(65%)inUS-basedEVbrandchargingstationstoincentivizeconsumerstoLucid.Undertheagreement,LucidplanstogrowbuyEVs.Figure33.SaudiArabiaGEMRIXFigure33.SaudiArabiaGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE38INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO6High-powercharging0.01#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.06#locationsperkm2of23MARKET7ACcharging0.28residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER10REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING7$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION8$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$21,719capitaincome0%0%$16,85543%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge85%generationp.c.100%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle69kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation45%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little66ARTHURD.LITTLEKSA’sgeographicaladvantageallowsittobeSaudiArabiaislookingintoeconomicallyefficientatthecenterofsourcing(mining/importing)waystoextractandprocesslithiumfromseawaterraremineralsrequiredforbatteryproductionindesalinationandthebrinethataccompaniesoil.theregion.Inlinewiththis,KSAhasannouncedDoingsowouldallowittosourcelithiumforEVUS$6billionforsteelminingandEVbatterybatteryproductionwithinitsownborders,vastlyproductionprojects,includingbuildinganEVreducingproductioncostsandtransnationalmetalsplanttoattractfutureinvestment.supplychainvulnerability.AccordingtoIndustryandMineralResourcesMinisterBandarAl-Khorayef,“TheinvestmentsOverall,SaudiArabia’sconcertedeffortstowillcontinuetopositiontheKingdomasapromoteEVadoptionandbuildasoliddomesticminingproductionandlogisticshubforaregionEVindustryholdtremendouspotentialforthestretchingfromAfricatoAsia,whilesupportingcountry’seconomyandtheglobaltransitionthetransformationofourminingsectorsoitcantowardamoresustainablefuture.achieveitspotential.”44SaudiArabiaAnnounces$6BlnInvestmentsinSteelComplex,EVMetalsPlant.”Reuters/EconomicTimesAuto,6May2022.67REPORT:GEMRIX2023MALAYSIA#24RANKAnemergingEVmarketwithambitioustargetsElectricmobilityinMalaysiaisstillinitsThelackofcharginginfrastructureandhighearlystagesofdevelopment,relativelysmallpricesofEVsaresomeofthemainbarrierstobutgrowingquickly.DuetoonlystartingtheadoptioninMalaysia.Thecountry’spercapitaelectrificationofthemarket,thegovernmentGDPisonlyUS$11,000.InMarch2022,thecannotyetsetatargetyearforbanningsalesgovernmentreiterateditsaimforinstallingofnewICEvehicles.10,000publicchargingstationsby2025—thecurrentnumberisapproximately1,000ACandThegovernmenthassetatargetofhaving200DCfastchargers,whichleavesalarge100,000EVsontheroadby2030,butasofthenumbertoreachthetarget.endof2022,therewereonlyaround10,000EVsregisteredinthecountry,accordingtotheRoadTheMalaysiangovernmenthasimplementedTransportDepartmentofMalaysia.Includingandlatelyextendedseveralincentivestodifferenttypesofhybrids,thenumberofEVsencouragetheadoptionofEVsinthecountry:alreadyreachesmorethan100,000.Onlyalimitedrangeoflessthan40differentEVs(BEVs-Taxexemptions.EVsareexemptfromimportandPHEVs)wereavailableinthemarketin2022.andexciseduties.ThismakesEVsmoreaffordableforMalaysians.Figure34.MalaysiaGEMRIXFigure34.MalaysiaGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE35INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO5High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.03#locationsperkm2of24MARKET2ACcharging0.25residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER11REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING10$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION8$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$11,372capitaincome1%2%$7,2775%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge78%generationp.c.97%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle92kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation41%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little68ARTHURD.LITTLE-Roadtaxexemptions.EVsarealsoexemptTheseincentivesarepartofthegovernment’sfromroadtax.effortstoreducecarbonemissionsandpromotesustainabletransportationinMalaysia.There-Charginginfrastructure.ThegovernmentarealsoseveralinitiativesbyprivatecompanieshasallocatedfundstoinstallmorechargingtopromoteEVs,suchasride-hailingservicesstationsacrossthecountrytosupporttheusingEVsandtheintroductionofelectricbusesgrowthofEVs.insomecities.Overall,whilethereisstillalongwaytogo,therearepositivesignsofprogress-Greeninvestmenttaxallowance.CompaniestowardelectricmobilityinMalaysia.thatinvestinEV-relatedactivities,suchasmanufacturing,R&D,andcharginginfrastructure,areeligibleforataxallowanceofupto100%.-Purchaserebates.ThegovernmenthasintroducedarebateofuptoRM20,000forthepurchaseofEVs.69REPORT:GEMRIX2023TÜRKIYE#25RANKAstrongautomotiveindustrydrivesEVmarketgrowth,butlackofclearpoliciesandtargetsmayhinderfullpotentialOverthepastdecade,TürkiyehastakenWhilethecountry’sconsumerspreferimportedsignificantstridestowardbecomingamajorcars,70%-80%ofthe1.5millionvehiclesplayerintheEVmarket,withagrowingnumberproducedannuallyareshippedoverseas,mainlyofconsumersandbusinessesembracingthetoEurope.ThecountryisfollowingEurope’stechnology.Around49%ofTurkishconsumerscarbon-freeinitiativesinthehopeofbecomingsaytheywillconsideranEVfortheirnextanEVmanufacturinghuband,alongthevehicle.way,boostingitsindustrialcompetitiveness.ThemostimportantdevelopmentfortheTürkiye’sstrategiclocationandhistoryinthecarTürkiyeautomotiveindustryin2023willbeindustry,skilledlaborforce,stronggovernmenttheintroductionofthehomemadeEVTOGGsupport,andgrowingdomesticmarketmakeittothelocalmarket.Includingnewmodelstoattractiveforautomotivecompanies.Türkiyebeintroducedbyothercarmakers,EVsalesinhasbecomeanimportantproductioncenterforTürkiyeareexpectedtoreach40,000unitsincarssoldinEurope.Forexample,Ford,LGEnergy2023,whichmeanstheshareofEVsintotalSolution,andKoçHoldingplantobuildoneofvehiclesaleswillclimbto7%.Europe’sbiggestEVbatteryfactoriesinTürkiye.Thefactoryissettobreakgroundinlate2023andexpectedtostartproductionin2026.TheJVaimstoachieveaminimumof25GWhofannualproductioncapacity,potentiallyexpandingto45GWh.Figure35.TürkiyeGEMRIXFigure35.TürkiyeGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE35INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO5High-powercharging0.04#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.0325MARKET3ACcharging0.14#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER10#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING7residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION10ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONAdjustedperBEVPHEV$1$25capitaincome$1US1%0%$9,108$7,164$021%SmallMediumLarge$252040vehiclevehiclevehicle$25GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherYearofICE77%generationp.c.99%SmallMediumLargesalesbanvehiclevehiclevehicle921kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation49%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little70ARTHURD.LITTLETürkiyeisalsokeepingpacewiththeexpectedTHEEXTENTTOWHICHriseinsalesbycontinuouslyaddingtotheEVEVCHARGINGSTATIONScharginginfrastructure.However,asofnow,ULTIMATELYWILLTürkiyehasnomedium-orlong-termpolicytoBEPROMOTEDANDtransformtheEVmarket.NotargethasbeenREGULATEDTHROUGHannouncedforEVuptakeorthedeploymentofOFFICIALPOLICYEVcharginginfrastructure,andnolimitationsREMAINSUNCLEARhavebeenplacedontheuseorsaleofICEvehicles.Thus,theextenttowhichEVchargingstationsultimatelywillbepromotedandregulatedthroughofficialpolicyremainsunclear.However,theoutcomewilllikelybesuboptimalwithoutdecisiveaction.71REPORT:GEMRIX2023VIETNAM#26RANKStrongautomotivefoundationspursshifttowardEVsVietnamisoneofthedynamicallygrowingmiddleclassisabouttochangethissituation,economiesinSEA,withaGDPCAGRofmorestrivingforpassengercarsandpotentiallySEAthan6%,andcleantransportationrankshightohostanEVmanufacturingcompany.However,onthegovernment’sagenda.TheofficialaimoftheEVsectorhassincegrownsluggishly.thegovernmentistoshift10%ofallnewvehicleTraditionally,VietnamhasnotbeenverysalesinVietnamtoelectricby2023.stronginmanufacturing.Forinstance,enginecomponentsaredesignedandmanufacturedAlongwithenvironmentalconcerns,akeydriveroverseasandshippedtoVietnam.Thereis,ofVietnam’sEVpushislikelytobeitsmassivehowever,growinginterestamongprivateplayersyoung,Internet-savvypopulation.Aboutathirdinthecountry;VinFast,Kia,Mercedes-Benz,andofVietnam’sconsumersreporttheyarelikelyToyotaareallplacingbetsontheVietnamEVtopurchaseanEV.However,muchremainsmarket.tobedonetoleveragethispotential.ThemotorizedvehiclemarketislargelydominatedRealizingtheneedtoplayanactiveroleinby2Ws,andtheEVuptakehassofarprimarilyEVexpansion,theVietnamgovernmenthashappenedinthisarea:Vietnamisthesecondexemptedelectriccarsfromregistrationfeeslargestmarketworldwideforelectric2Ws.Carforthreeyearsandreducedtheexcisetaxonownership,ontheotherhand,isquitelow,atBEVs(ofnineseatsorfewer)to3%,startingin25vehiclesper1,000inhabitants.AgrowingMarch2022.Figure36.VietnamGEMRIXFigure36.VietnamGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE34INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO2High-powercharging0.05#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.04#locationsperkm2of26MARKET5ACcharging0.19residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER10REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING8$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION9$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$4,163capitaincome1%1%$3,03745%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge37%generationp.c.98%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle288kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation33%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little72ARTHURD.LITTLEHowever,tofurtherenableelectrification,theTHEREARENOgovernment’sfocuscouldshifttoleveragingCONCRETEPOLICYtheinterestofprivateplayersthroughpoliciesMEASURESTOBOOSTcenteredaroundfriendlytaxesandeaseofMANUFACTURINGOFEVsproduction,asinmanyothermarkets.GivenINVIETNAMATPRESENTthattherearenoconcretepolicymeasurestoboostmanufacturingofEVsinVietnamatpresent,apartfromlowerexcisetax,theroadtoelectrificationremainschallenging.73REPORT:GEMRIX2023MEXICO#27RANKUrgentneedtotacklerisingpollutionpropelsEVpushAmongthemostpopulouscountriesintheHowever,alackoflarge-scalegovernmentworld,Mexicoisriddledwithhightraveltimessupportandlimitedcharginginfrastructureareandairpollution.Whilethesolutiontobothkeyconcerns.Accordingtoindustryreports,problemsliesinelectricmobility,only5%ofonly1,200publicchargingpointswereavailableconsumerswouldpreferanEVintheyearsinMexicoattheendof2022,mostconcentratedtocome.Governmentincentivesandprivateinurbanareas.However,thechargingnetworkinvestmentsarerequiredforastrongpushinMexicoiscurrentlygrowingby40%annually.towardelectrificationoftheMexicanfleet.TogetherwithincreasinggovernmentincentivesforEVs,thiswillraisethereadinessoftheUnderstandingthecriticalityofitsrole,themarket.Mexicangovernmenthasdevelopedaroadmapforelectricmobility.MunicipaltaxexemptionsEVownersareexemptfrompaymentoftenureandandpollutioncontrolinspectionsareverificationforthefirsteightyears.Theaverageincentivizinglocals.Further,gasolinepricesarecarpriceinMexicoisaroundUS$22,000,limitingontherise,whichhasfurtherbolsteredsalesoftherangeofEVsaffordablefortheaverageelectricandhybridvehicles.Privateautomotivecarbuyer.Onlyasmallrangeof24fullEVsareplayerslikeBMWandNissanaremakinginroadsavailableonthemarket.EVsonthemarketincludeinthecountryaswell.NissanLeaf;RenaultTwizy;BMWi3;TeslaS,X,andM3;ChevroletBolt;andZacuaM2.Figure37.MexicoGEMRIXFigure37.MexicoGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE33INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO4High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.0027MARKET3ACcharging0.02#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMERresidential&roadarea5CHARGING#locationsperkm2of4residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION17ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONAdjustedperBEVPHEV$252$379$1,390$870capitaincomeUS0%0%SmallMediumLarge$11,091$6,268vehiclevehiclevehicle42%$535$7362035GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeYearofICE87%generationp.c.100%vehiclevehiclevehiclesalesban654kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation5%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little74ARTHURD.LITTLENotably,MexicoCityispartoftheZeroEmissionThefutureisencouraging,withGeneralMotorsBusRapid-deploymentAccelerator(ZEBRA)announcingplanstoinfusemorethanUS$1initiative,focusedonnet-zero-emissionspublicbillioninitsMexicoplanttobuildonlyEVstransportinmainstreamcitiesacrossLatintherefrom2024onwards.ThisinvestmentalsoAmerica.Whileinfrastructureisachallenge,envisagescapacityforbatterypacks,electricthereisaclearunderstandingoftheneedformotors,andothercomponents,andisthefirstEVsinMexico.ofitskindinMexico.75REPORT:GEMRIX2023EGYPT#28RANKBanonICEvehiclesby2040highlightspositiveoutlookfore-mobilityEgypt’sEVindustryisinthenascentstage,Severalstepshavebeentakensince2019towithalimitednumberofEVsonthestreets.boosttheexpansionoftheEVindustry.TheIthasoneofthelowestGDPspercapitaincountry’sMinistryofPublicBusinessSectortheMENAregion,withalargeproportionofandDongfengMotorsignedamemorandumlow-incomehouseholds.Thisisacontributingofunderstanding(MOU)toproduceEVsinthefactorresponsibleforlaggardEVadoption.country.Theassemblyfacility,whichwillbeinMoreover,theabsenceofanadequatechargingElNasr’sfactories,willhaveaninitialcapacityinfrastructureexacerbatesthedifficultiesbyof25,000units.Moreover,theArabOrganisationlimitingtheuseofEVsinthecountry.forIndustrialisation,amilitaryorganization,presentedthenation’sfirstelectricbusroute,DespitetherelativelylowpresenceofEVs,contributingtotheincreasedpopularityofEVsthegovernmenthasbeenexpressingstronginEgypt.Inaddition,theintroductionofmoreambitionstopushforthepromotionofEVs.AaffordablepassengerEVsbymanufacturerslikekeyreasonforthisambitionisthegovernment’sMG,aswellasthegovernment’splantorolloutcommitmenttoachievingitssustainablepubliccharginginfrastructure,alignswellwithdevelopmentgoals,whichareelaboratedonthepushforEVs.inEgyptVision2030.Thevisioncallsfora10%reductioninGHGfromtheenergysector,includingoilandgas,by2030,relativeto2016levels.Inlinewiththisinitiative,thegovernmenthasannouncedabanonICEvehiclesby2040.Figure38.EgyptGEMRIXFigure38.EgyptGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE32INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO3High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.0128MARKET2ACcharging0.05#locationsperkm2ofresidential&roadareaCUSTOMER9#locationsperkm2ofCHARGING6residential&roadareaTCO&REGULATION12ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$0$0$3,322capitaincome$00%0%$3,022$032%$02040SmallMediumLarge$0GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOthervehiclevehiclevehicleYearofICE43%generationp.c.100%SmallMediumLargesalesbanvehiclevehiclevehicle220kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation42%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little76ARTHURD.LITTLETheEVindustryinEgypthasbeenfacingEGYPTWILLLIKELYchallengesduetothecountry’scurrentforeignBECOMEANIMPORTANTcurrencycrunch.NewcarsareofferedonlyMARKETFOREVsinUSdollars.Thisposesaproblemformanypotentialcustomerswhomayneedaccesstoforeigncurrencyorwanttoavoidincurringadditionalfeesassociatedwithcurrencyexchange.Still,EgyptisallsettomanufacturethefirstEgyptianEV.PrimeMinisterMostafaMadboulyevenconductedafollow-uptotracktheplan’sprogress.Giventhepositiveoutlookanditsinitiatives,EgyptwilllikelybecomeanimportantmarketforEVs.77REPORT:GEMRIX2023LEBANON#29RANKAmbitioustargettorevampelectricinfrastructuregivesEVshugepotentialLebanonisstillworkingtoestablishtheEVtoelectricmobilityworldwide.Thee-motorsectorintheshakeneconomy.ThecountryshowconductedinthecountryshowcasedalreadyhassomepresenceofEVsonthevariouse-modelsfromdifferentleadingcarroad.Thefactthatthenation’slimitedpublicmanufacturers,signifyingtheiractiveinterestcharginginfrastructureiscurrentlydominatedinthecountry.byluxurycarmanufacturerPorscheshowsthatmuchneedstobedonetomakeEVamoreDespiteLebanon’sEVmarketbeingnascent,itiswidespreadspecies.Topoweritsnewelectricattractivebecausethegovernmenthasreducedcars,EVElectraplanstosetuparound100supportforfuelprices,makingthesesomerechargingstationsacrossthecountry.ofthehighestintheregion,complementedbysomeofthelowestelectricityunitcosts.SupportforEVuptakecomesfromastabilizingThegovernmentalsosupportedthisgrowthnewcarmarketin2022(23,600units),whichbyprovidingreducedcustomsdutyof20%onwasfurtherincreasingby15%year-on-yearHEVsandcompleteexemptiononfullyelectricinthefirsthalfof2023.Themarkethasthemodels.Theseincentivesandprospectivepresenceofvariouscarcompanies,includinggrowthhaveledtoLebanon’sfirstlocallyToyota,Nissan,andRenault.Thesemarketbuiltautomobile,QudsRise,pricedatjustleaders’consistentgrowthpaintsafavorableUS$30,000,byEVElectra.pictureforEVsinthenation,astheytransitionFigure39.LebanonGEMRIXFigure39.LebanonGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE31INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO4High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.00#locationsperkm2of29MARKET2ACcharging0.02residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER6REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING6$1$0$1TCO&REGULATION14$0$1$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSAdjustedperBEVPHEVcapitaincomeUS2%0%$6,241$4,32328%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge89%generationp.c.98%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle209kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation21%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little78ARTHURD.LITTLEThoughitpresentsgreatpotential,LebanonLEBANON’SEVSECTORneedstoaddressthechallengesofaweakGROWTHWILLDEPENDeconomicscenarioanditsoverdependenceSIGNIFICANTLYONTHEonfossilfuelsforpowergeneration.IthasGOVERNMENTanambitioustargetof30%ofitsenergyconsumptionbeingfromrenewablesby2030,butamajorrevampisstillrequiredtokeeppace.Thisalsorequiresthepowersectortoundergoamajorreform,asitisoneofthebiggestcontributorstothecountry’sGHGemissions.Overall,Lebanon’sEVsectorgrowthwilldependsignificantlyonthegovernmenttoprovideincentivesonthepurchasingandoperationofEVs,whichwillworkwithfuelandelectricitypricestowardthesamegoal.79REPORT:GEMRIX2023BRAZIL#30RANKRisingpricesoffuelandICEvehiclesarenotyetenoughtosparkEVmarketAdevelopingeconomythathasseenoneoftheawarenessofemissionsproblemsfromICElowestGDPpercapitagrowthratesduringthevehicleshasbeengrowingamongconsumers.pandemic(-5%)andmuchchangeinpoliticalHowever,limitedspendingpowerandsparsedirection,BrazilisstilltryingtofindtherightcharginginfrastructurehavehamstrungpathtocleanertransportinlinewitheconomicadoptionofEVs.development.ItisstillfarbehindothernationsinEVadoption,eventhoughfuelpricesAccordingtotheBrazilianElectricVehiclesurgedrapidlyin2021.DespitestrongpriceAssociation(AssociaçãoBrasileiradoVeículofluctuations,thegovernmenthasnotyetsetElétrico,ABVE),themarketshareofelectricclearroadmapsortargetsforEVadoption.carsroseto2.5%in2022,with126,500vehiclesontheroadandmorethan50,000newEVsThecountryhasagoodstartingpositionforEVs,soldduringtheyear.Theslowuptakeismainlywithahighshareofrenewablesinelectricityduetocomparablyhighacquisitioncostsandgeneration(92%in2022).Conversely,thekeylackofinfrastructure,asthevehiclesdependreasonforthegovernment’sinabilitytoshiftonsupplynetworksandspecializedchainsforitsfocustoEVsisthecountry’ssuccessinmaintenance.Alackofregulationandnationalreducingitscarbonfootprintusingbiofuels.consensusontheroleofEVshasbeennotoriousBrazilisplanningtoexploremoreopportunitiesinthenation,sothereisnodedicatedchargingforsustainablevehiclesusingbiofuels.Apartinfrastructureinplace.Inaddition,fewOEMsfromthis,thenationcannotshiftabruptlytoarewillingtotacklethehighinvestmentsBEVs,ascurrentconsumersareunabletoaffordandrisksofnewinfrastructurerequiredforthemandgovernmentandOEMinvestmentadaptingmanufacturingplantstoBEV-nativeinrecharginginfrastructureisuncertain.Yet,architecture.Figure40.BrazilGEMRIXFigure40.BrazilGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE30INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO3High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.00#locationsperkm2of30MARKET3ACcharging0.02residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER14REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING0$650$875$650$0TCO&REGULATION9$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$8,918capitaincome0%1%$5,75830%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge88%generationp.c.99%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle2362kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation68%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little80ARTHURD.LITTLEThatsaid,recentgovernmentmeasuresinBRAZIL’SBIOFUELtermsoffinancialbenefitshavesparkedhopeECOSYSTEMFORforgrowthofEVs,with68%ofconsumersVEHICLESWILLreportingthattheirnextvehicleislikelytobeDETERMINETHEPATHelectric.Brazil’sbiofuelecosystemforvehiclesFORELECTROMOBILITYwilldeterminethepathforelectromobilityinINTHELONGTERMthelongterm,andthenationmustexpediteitspoliciestocompetewithsimilaranddevelopedeconomiesacrosstheworld.81REPORT:GEMRIX2023PANAMA#31RANKEVmarketreallyonlystarting—atverylowlevelsIn2022,salesshareofEVswerereportedatothermarkets,Panamawantstoreduceitsbelow1%oftotalsales—forPHEVsandBEVsdependencyonfossilfuelsandlowerGHGcombined,whichmakesEVsstillaveryrareemissions,improvingtheoverallsustainabilityspeciesonPanama’sroads.Ingeneral,thereofitsenergyinfrastructureandmovingtowardareneitherfinancialincentivesnoraconsumertheobjectiveofenergyindependenceby2050.appetite.Additionally,thereisbarelyanypubliccharginginfrastructure—onlyaround10Theshareofrenewableelectricitygenerationpublicchargingstationsarecurrentlylistedforreachedmorethan70%inPanamain2021,PanamaCity.withamajoritycomingfromhydropower.PlanEnergéticocallsforincreasingtheshareto70%ThenumberofEVsavailableonthemarketoftotalenergyconsumption(includingotherisstillverylimited:BMWandBYDareamongformsofprimaryenergy)by2050.ThiswouldtheOEMsofferingEVs,butonlyatotalof17requiresubstantialchangestoenergyuseinthedifferentBEVswereavailabletoPanama’stransportsector,namelyastrongshifttoEVs.customersin2022.However,similartomanyFigure41.PanamaGEMRIXFigure41.PanamaGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE29INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO3High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.08#locationsperkm2of31MARKET2ACcharging0.08residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER6REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING11$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION7$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSAdjustedperBEVPHEVcapitaincomeUS0%0%$15,388$10,93015%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge69%generationp.c.100%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle1,609kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation24%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little82ARTHURD.LITTLEWithafocusonthetransportationsector’sTHENUMBEROFEVsemissions,whichaccountforasignificantAVAILABLEONTHEportionofGHGemissions,thegovernmenthasMARKETISSTILLsetoutapathinPlanEnergéticotoachievethisVERYLIMITEDgoal:thepresidentapprovedalawpromotingEVsaspartofalargerinitiativetocutGHGemissions,encouragetheuseofrenewableenergysources,andadvancesustainability.However,sofar,noyeartobanICEvehicleshasbeenannounced.83REPORT:GEMRIX2023COSTARICA#32RANKAbundantrenewableenergyforuseinquicklygrowingpopulationofEVsCostaRicaisamongtheworldchampionsin2,680EVsweresoldinthecountryin2022.Therenewableelectricitygeneration,withnearlyoverallpassengercarmarketistinyonaglobal100%ofenergyoutputin2020fromrenewablesscale,withonlyaround30,000vehiclessold(72%hydroelectricand15%geothermal,withlessperannum.ThenumberofEVsavailableinthethan1%solar).Thiswouldmakeelectrificationofmarketiscurrentlylimitedto20BEVsandeightthetransportsectorverybeneficialintermsofPHEVs.Attheendof2022,around5,300EVssustainabilityandclimateprotection.Transport(carsandLCVs)hadbeenregisteredinCostagrowthhasrecentlyincreasedthedemandRica,leadingtoafleetshareofonly0.5%,andforoilandfossilfuelsinthecountry.Costatherearearound270publiccharginglocationsRicahastoimportasubstantialportionofitsacrossthecountry.petroleumproducts,andthecountryreliesonimportedcrudeoilandrefinedpetroleum.Thus,AwarenessamongconsumersofEVsislow,asdiversifyingitsenergysourcesandreducingonly24%statethattheirnextvehiclemaybeandependenceonfossilfuelsarelong-termgoals.EV.Availabilityofhomechargingisonlyaverage,althoughhomeownershipratesarehighat70%.Inaddition,CostaRicareachedthehighestForacountrylikeCostaRica,withapercapitareportedEVsalesshareintheAmericasinGDPofUS$13,300andamotorizationrateof2022,with7.3&ofallcarssoldbeingBEVs,only240carsper1,000inhabitants,affordabilityoutperformingCanadaandtheUS.However,ofEVsiskey.ThegovernmentisnowprovidingelectricmobilityandEVreadinesshavestilltaxbenefitsforEVs(BEVsonly),whichwillraisenotreachedmuchmorethanastartinglevel.itsGEMRIXpositionandoverallEVreadinessofSettingthemarketshareinperspective,onlythemarketoverthecomingyears.Figure42.CostaRicaGEMRIXFigure42.CostaRicaGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE28INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO5High-powercharging0.01#locationsperhighwaykm#locationsperkm2of32MARKET5DCchargingresidential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER50.11residential&roadareaCHARGING4ACcharging0.33$0TCO&REGULATION9$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSREGULATIONUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$0$13,374capitaincome12%0%$0$10,64017%$0GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOther82%generationp.c.88%2,412kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLargePHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle24%UrbanpopulationFinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little84ARTHURD.LITTLEUnderthisnewplan,fullyEVscostinglessthanEVs(notPHEVs)willcontinuetobeexemptUS$30,000areexemptfromtaxes.Vehiclesfromanyimportduties.AnadditionalcostingbetweenUS$30,001andUS$45,000incentivespackagewasaddedin2018,includingpayonlyhalfofsalestaxand75%ofselectiveeliminationoflicenseplatedrivingrestrictions,consumptiontax.VehiclesvaluedbetweenUSwaivingpaymentforyearlyroadpermits,and$45,001andUS$60,000paysalestaxandonlyfreeparkingindesignatedareas.halfofselectiveconsumptiontax.VehiclesvaluedatUS$60,001andmorepayfulltaxes.ThenewbillalsoprovidestaxincentivestocompaniesthatreplacetheirgasolinevehicleswithEVs.CostaRica’spublicinstitutionscanreplacetheirvehiclefleetswith“100%electric”vehicles.Also,thecountry’sbusfleetswillbereplacedwithelectricbuses.85REPORT:GEMRIX2023IRAQ#33RANKGovernmentreducingsupportforfuelprices,coupledwithincreasingoilprices,maykick-startEVuptakeIraqisatanascentstageintheEVmarket,asTofurtherfacilitateeaseofdoingbusinessevidencedbyitslowrankinginGEMRIXandforinternationalplayers,Iraqisproactivelyrelatedindicators.However,withathrivingtakingstepstocreateastableandrobustautomotiveindustryprojectedtocrossamarketenvironmentforgrowth.Inarecentinterview,sizeofUS$1billionby2023(CAGRof27.6%)IraqOilMinisterIhsanAbdulJabbaremphasizeddespiteaCOVID-inducedslowdown,Iraqhasthecurrentgeopoliticaltensionintheregionbecomealucrativemarketforglobalplayersandandworld,highlightingthatdisruptionleaderstoinvestinduringtheearlystages.Thisintheoilmarketwillinevitablyforcetheisexemplifiedbytheentryofpremiumcarbrandcountry’stransitiontoEVssoonerthanlater.5EXEEDintothecountry’sautomotivemarketandThestatementsignifiesthechangeinthelaunchofthenation’sfirstEV,JaguarI-PACE.government’soutlook,asitseekstodiversifyitsportfolioandreduceitsoverrelianceonoil.Jaguar’sandLandRover’spresenceinthecountryisagamechanger,asitissettodefineInacommendableshifttowardacleanerfuture,theEVmarket.Rightnow,JaguarI-PACEcanIraqhascommittedtoreducingpollutionby15%onlybeimported.Jaguarisalsoplanningaspartofaglobalinitiativetoaddressclimatetoinstallchargingstationstokick-startchange.Tofurthersupportitscommitment,thedevelopmentofastrongEV-enablingIraqhaswithdrawnasignificantportionofinfrastructure.financialsupportforfuelprices,makingtheTCOofICEvehiclesmorecomparabletothatFigure43.IraqGEMRIXofEVs.IraqhasalsomandatedabanonnewICEregistrationsuntiloldregistrationsexpire,furtherreducingsupportforICEvehicles.Figure43.IraqGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE28INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO4High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.00#locationsperkm2of33MARKET1ACcharging0.00residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER8REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING7$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION8$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$4,910capitaincome0%0%$3,04632%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge71%generationp.c.100%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle123kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation38%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little5Krauss,Clifford.“IraqiMinisterSaysHighOilPricesCouldSpeedtheShifttoEVs.”TheNewYorkTimes,10March2022.86ARTHURD.LITTLEAtpresent,Iraqonlyhas0.01%ofhybridsandThefutureofEVsinIraqstronglyliesintheEVsinthemarket.Thislownumberissupportedgovernment’ssupportforthesector.GivenbyasurveygaugingIraqis’viewsonEVsandtheitscommitmenttoacleanerfuture,Iraq,inchallengesassociatedwiththeiradoption.Thecomplementwithitsgeopoliticaladvantage,surveyshowsthatonly38%ofpeoplearewillingholdstremendouspotentialtodrivethechangetobuyanEVastheirnextvehicle,whereasintheEVmarket.mostareeitherunawareofthemorunwillingtobuythembecauseofanonexistentcharginginfrastructureorhighTCOforEVs.Totacklethis,amulti-stakeholderapproachviasupportivepoliciesandincentiveswillbeneededtosolvethechicken-and-eggproblemofwhethertobuildcharginginfrastructureorincreasethenumberofEVsfirst.87REPORT:GEMRIX2023PHILIPPINES#34RANKCourseforEVadoptionissetbygovernmentalplans,whileEVfleetisstilltinyThetotalEVfleet,includinghybrids,intheimports.RoadtransportationisestimatedPhilippineswasestimatedat14,000vehiclesintoaccountfor80%ofthesector’semissions.2022,makingitthethird-largestEVpopulationThePhilippinesalsowantstoincreaseitsinSEA(afterThailandandIndonesia).PureEVsrenewableenergygeneration,currentlyrankinghaveonlybeenafractionofit(probablyaroundonlysecondinSEAincombinedsolarandwind9,000vehicles).Only426pureEVsweresoldpowergeneration,with1,766MWofinstalledintheentiretyof2022inatotalcarmarketofcapacity,afterVietnam.Philippinepower350,000newvehicles,showingthatelectriccompaniesconsumedcoalfornearly60%ofmobilityisonlyjustbeginning.However,thetheirelectricitygenerationin2022andhavegrowthratesareenormous.Moreandmoreincreasedcoal-firedpoweremissionsbymoreOEMsarebringingtheirvehiclestothemarketthan40%since2017.Thistrendwouldneedtotoservegrowingcustomerdemand.In2022,bestoppedtomakeEVsatrulysustainable40differentBEVandPHEVmodellineswerealternativetothosewithcombustionengines.available.KeyissuesforcustomersremaintheDecarbonizingthetransportsector,whichisaffordabilityofthevehicles(PhilippinesGDPamajorcontributortoGHGemissions,ispartpercapitawasUS$3,500in2022),thechargingofthecountry’sclimatecommitmentsandopportunitiesathomeandinpublic,andtheobjectivetoreducedependenceonfossil-fueledabsenceofstrongfinancialincentives.Figure44.PhilippinesGEMRIXFigure44.PhilippinesGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE28INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO1High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.00#locationsperkm2of34MARKET3ACcharging0.00residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER7REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING8$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION9$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$3,528capitaincome0%0%$3,12857%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge48%generationp.c.100%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle119kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation25%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little88ARTHURD.LITTLEThegovernmentissuedanEVroadmapin2023Therearecloseto180,000jeepneysoperatingandremovedtariffsonCBUEVsforfiveyearsthroughoutthecountrythatneedtobefrom2023onwards.Asidefromtaxincentives,modernized,andtheEVindustryisaimingtoEVownerswillbenefitfrompriorityregistration,fillin10%ofthispotentialdemand.Smaller-discountsonfeesandlicenseplates,andscaleprogramsatlocalgovernmentandanexemptionfromtrafficvolumereductionbusinesseslevels(resortsandthelike)haveschemes.beenimplementedfortheadoptionofEVs.ThegovernmentisalsostartingtopurchaseEVsasForexample,theDepartmentofTransportationpartofitsfleet.(DOTr)isimplementingthePublicUtilityVehicleModernizationProgram,whichcallsforphasingoutjeepsconvertedtopublictransportthatareover15yearsoldtobereplacedwithenvironmentallyfriendlyalternatives(eitherEuro4-compliantvehiclesorEVs).89REPORT:GEMRIX2023SOUTHAFRICA#35RANKNonexistentEVmarketlikelytogrowslowlyincomingyearsSouthAfrica’sEVmarketisstillalmostforconventionalfuelvehicles.Newimportednonexistent,withonly1,500electriccarsonvehiclesareunaffordableforalargeshareofthetheroadandEVsalesmakinguponly0.16%ofpopulation,andthereiscurrentlynodomesticallnewvehiclesalesin2022.Only500EVswereEVproduction.soldthroughout2022.However,themarketisexpectedtogrowinthenextdecadedueCurrently,SouthAfricahasaround300chargingtomultiplegovernmentinitiativestoreducestations,withapproximatelyonechargingcarbonemissionsandcombatglobalwarmingbystationforeveryfiveEVsinthecountry,givingcatalyzingtheEVsector.itoneofthehigheststation-to-EVratiosintheworld.However,lackoflocalpurchaseSuchlowEVpenetrationislargelyduetotheincentives,combinedwithcontinuedimportgovernment’slimitedfocus,shrinkingGDPduties,willlimittheuptakeofEVsinthepercapita,andhighup-frontcostsofEVs,country,aswellasthepotentialforlocalcoupledwithapoorelectricitysupply.TheproductionduetolackofamarkettoofferongoingchallengetomaintainaconstantpowerEVproducerssupport.supplycausedbybelow-potentialelectricitygenerationmakesconsumerswaryofpurchasingToreducetheriskofelectricitydeficits,theBEVs.However,thereisanopportunityforgovernmenthasamendedSchedule2oftheincreasedsalesofhybridvehicles,astheycanElectricityRegulationAct(ERA),liftingthebepoweredbygasolineordieselwhennotusinglicense-exemptioncapforgeneratorsto100theelectricmotor.Further,importdutiesandMW.Thisisexpectedtobringininvestmentsintaxesaccountfor45%ofthecostofimportedthepowersectorandcouldbenefitthedemandEVs,whichissignificantlyhigherthanthatforEVsasthesupplyofelectricitystabilizes.Figure45.SouthAfricaGEMRIXFigure45.SouthAfricaGEMRIXINDEXPOSITIONINDEXVALUE20INFRASTRUCTUREMACRO2High-powercharging0.00#locationsperhighwaykmDCcharging0.00#locationsperkm2of35MARKET2ACcharging0.01residential&roadarea#locationsperkm2ofCUSTOMER7REGULATIONresidential&roadareaCHARGING3$0$0$0TCO&REGULATION6$0$0$0ECONOMYVEHICLEMARKETSUSAdjustedperBEVPHEV$6,776capitaincome0%0%$4,55156%GDPp.c.RenewableenergyOtherSmallMediumLargeSmallMediumLarge68%generationp.c.100%vehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehiclevehicle319kWhCustomerslikelytobuyaPHEV/BEVasnextvehicle:Urbanpopulation40%FinancialbenefitsatpurchaseFinancialbenefitsinoperationp.a.Source:ArthurD.Little90ARTHURD.LITTLEInMarch2021,theUKgovernmentselected10Overall,EVadoptionwillbequiteslowinSouthprojectsinSouthAfricatoreceiveZAR64millionAfrica,asnaturalgas-poweredvehiclescouldinfundingtohelpdecarbonizeJohannesburgbethefastest,mostcost-effective,andeasiestandNelsonMandelaBay,whichcouldboostroutetoreducingemissionsinSouthAfrica’sdevelopmentoftheEVinfrastructure.transportsector.However,thereisgrowthCompanieslikeAudi,Mercedes,Nissan,andpotentialforhydrogenfuel-cellvehicles,asOpelarealsolaunchingfullEVmodelsinthethecountryismorelikelytoadoptaffordablecountry.Thiswillattractinvestmentinchargingliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)–poweredvehiclestostations,which,inturn,willhelpattractthecutemissions.nexttierofbuyers.91REPORT:GEMRIX2023CONCLUSIONNorway,withanEVsalesshareofclosetoIncountrieswithloweraverageincomesand90%,hascompleteditstransitiontoEVs.Thise-mobilityreadiness,subsidiesarerequiredtocasestudydemonstratesthatbatteryelectricmakee-mobilityaffordablebyloweringTCOmobilityisfeasibleforanentirecountry.NeithersignificantlybelowthatofICEvehiclesinthehydrogennorICEvehicles,includinghybridsorshortterm.Thiswillsparkinterestandmakeupthoseburningsyntheticorbiologicallyproducedforcurrentinconveniencesininfrastructure.Inliquidfuels,playaroleinthenewvehiclemarketthemidterm,e-mobilityfollowerscanleapfroganylonger.ThisfulltransitionhasonlytakenEVdevelopmentbyquicklyinvestinginthelittlelongerthanadecade.requiredfast-chargingnetworks.TechnologicaldevelopmentwillcontinuetopushEVcostsThetrajectoryofEVreadinessseemstobebelowthoseofICEsanddrivecustomerdeterminedbytheyearinwhicheffortsbegan,decisionstowardelectricmobility.averageincomeofpopulation,governmentincentives,andorchestratedbuildupofchargingFromanalysisofnewlyaddedMENAandSEAinfrastructure.EverycountryonourlistcancountriesinGEMRIX2023,werecognizethatadoptEVsinthecomingyearsiftherespectivethesecountriesarealsotransitioningtoEVsgovernmentwantstodosoandorchestratesforreasonsofeconomicdiversification.Theprivateandpublicinvestmentsandactionstechnologicaldisruptioniswidelyseenasaccordingly.achancetoreshuffleglobalmarketsharesinthecarindustryandtobuildupnewlocalIncountrieswithhigherincomes,supportformanufacturingecosystems.areliableanddensecharginginfrastructureistheprimarytooltosupportincreasingEVThegovernmentshavealsorecognizedadoption,togetherwithfinancialincentivestotheenvironmentalconcernsandthushaveleveltheplayingfieldbetweenICEsandEVspromotedsustainabletransportation,duringthetransitionperiod.Manycustomersleveraginglocalskillsandnaturalresources.arelikelytochooseEVsbecauseoftheirThegovernment’spushinstillsconfidenceintheenvironmentalbenefits,especiallyincountriespublictoembraceadvancedEVtechnologies.thathaveaccesstoelectricityfromrenewableApositiveoutlooktowardEVsiswitnessedbysources.Inthosecountries,availabilityofpublicconsumers’favorablelikelihoodofpurchasingfast-charginginfrastructurewillbethekeyanEV.Thistrendisemergingfromenhanceddeterminant.knowledgeabouttechnologyandsustainability.92ARTHURD.LITTLEAdditionally,customersenthusiasticallyWithsimilarconsistentprogress,theseembraceEVstolooktrendyandinvogue.countriesmayfollowtheexampleofNorwaysoon,andincreaseEVreadinesstobreakThoughmanyoftheemergingandstartingEVthroughthe100GEMRIX-pointsthresholdcountriescurrentlyhavelowEVpenetration,someday.theyarestartingthetransitionbymakingEVsfinanciallymoreattractivetocustomers.Investmentsinthecharginginfrastructurealsosupportfasteradoptionandoffernewbusinessopportunities.Bothpublicandprivatestakeholdersarejoininghandstobuildtheinfrastructureinthesecountries.Suchcombinedendeavorsareplayingapivotalroleinadvancingthecountries’positionsintheEVspace.93REPORT:GEMRIX2023NOTES94ARTHURD.LITTLE95ArthurD.Littlehasbeenattheforefrontofinnovationsince1886.Weareanacknowledgedthoughtleaderinlinkingstrategy,innovationandtransformationintechnology-intensiveandconvergingindustries.Wenavigateourclientsthroughchangingbusinessecosystemstouncovernewgrowthopportunities.Weenableourclientstobuildinnovationcapabilitiesandtransformtheirorganizations.Ourconsultantshavestrongpracticalindustryexperiencecombinedwithexcellentknowledgeofkeytrendsanddynamics.ADLispresentinthemostimportantbusinesscentersaroundtheworld.WeareproudtoservemostoftheFortune1000companies,inadditiontootherleadingfirmsandpublicsectororganizations.Forfurtherinformation,pleasevisitwww.adlittle.com.Copyright©ArthurD.Little–2023.Allrightsreserved.

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