Capgemini-航空的未来：创造更环保的明天（英）-2023-12页VIP专享VIP免费

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2023-11-05
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A GREENER

TOMORROW

DELIVERING

THE FUTURE

OF AVIATION

Air transportation

will be shaped by

the expansion of

urban populations

By 2050, the world’s population is

predicted to reach 9.7 billion[1] with

70% of people living in cities.[2] This will

lead to further challenges for road and

rail transport, such as increased

congestion, longer travel times, and

greater maintenance requirements.

Aviation is set to play a vital role in

tackling these transport issues

on the ground.

The future of aeronautics will

be dened by two key axes that

are inextricably linked: new aerial

mobility and sustainability. Short-

distance ights in urban aircraft

are set to revolutionize travel, and,

at a time when airlines have pledged

to achieve net- zero CO₂ emissions

by 2050,[3] the next generation of aerial

vehicles must be developed with

sustainability at its core.

Applying a global strategy to these

drivers is the most eective way to nd

solutions that can be applied around

the world. This means addressing issues

holistically in collaboration with experts

and stakeholders internationally.

What are eVTOL vehicles?

eVTOL (Electric Vertical

Take-O and Landing) vehicles

are lightweight commercial

aircraft, operated by either a pilot

or – in the future – an autonomous

system. These vehicles

are designed for lower altitudes

and shorter ranges than

conventional commercial aircraft

and can take o and land

in a vertical fashion, like helicopters.

However, unlike helicopters,

eVTOL vehicles have lower

operating costs, greater eciency,

and superior maneuverability.

And, instead of being powered

by conventional fuel sources, they

use battery-based propulsion

or hybrid systems.

EMPLOYING A GLOBAL APPROACH TO

AIR MOBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY

2NEXT GENERATION & SUSTAINABLE AVIATION

The number of eVTOL vehicles,

including electric aircraft and drones,

is expected to grow signicantly in the

coming years. In so-called megacities

like New York, Shanghai, and Tokyo,

the development of air taxis and air

ambulances is already underway to

bypass dicult trac conditions. The

urban air mobility (UAM) market is

expected to increase momentum from

2030 onwards, with the addressable

UAM market being worth around $9

trillion by 2050.[4]

The use of eVTOL vehicles for

commercial deliveries is also set

to grow exponentially. The world’s

rst commercial drone delivery was

completed by Domino’s Pizza in

2016. By 2026, more than one million

drones are expected to be carrying

out retail deliveries.[5] Major players

in the delivery and logistics industries

– including UPS, FedEx, DHL, and

Amazon – have also been investing in

eVTOL technology for years.

Aside from the logistical issues caused

by increased road trac, there are also

environmental issues and air quality

concerns to consider. Road travel

currently accounts for 15% of the

total global CO₂ emissions,[6] whereas

commercial aviation is responsible for

around 2.5%.[7]

Aerial vehicles are being considered

as greener alternatives to internal

combustion engine (ICE) road

vehicles. Ground vehicles are currently

responsible for 29% of all greenhouse

gas emissions in the USA, but drones

lithium-ion batteries will produce far

fewer greenhouse gases throughout

their lifetime than fossil fuel-powered

road vehicles.

[1] UNFPA, Population Data Portal

[2] The World Bank, Urban Development, 6 October 2022

[3] IATA, Our Commitment to Fly Net Zero by 2050 [4] eVTOL/Urban Air Mobility TAM Update: A Slow Take-O,

But Sky's the Limit, Morgan Stanley, 6 May 2021

[5] Why Flying Drones Could Disrupt Mobility and Transportation Beyond COVID-19, Gartner, 19 May 2020

[6] Our World in Data, Cars, planes, trains: where do CO2 emissions from transport come from? 6 October 2020

[7] Our World in Data, Climate change and ying: what share of global CO2 emissions come from aviation?

22 October 2020

3NEXT GENERATION & SUSTAINABLE AVIATION

/12

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THEFUTUREOFAVIATIONDELIVERINGAGREENERTOMORROWEMPLOYINGAGLOBALAPPROACHTOAIRMOBILITYANDSUSTAINABILITYAirtransportationApplyingaglobalstrategytothesewillbeshapedbydriversisthemosteffectivewaytofindtheexpansionofsolutionsthatcanbeappliedaroundurbanpopulationstheworld.ThismeansaddressingissuesholisticallyincollaborationwithexpertsBy2050,theworld’spopulationisandstakeholdersinternationally.predictedtoreach9.7billion[1]with70%ofpeoplelivingincities.[2]ThiswillWhatareeVTOLvehicles?leadtofurtherchallengesforroadandeVTOL(ElectricVerticalrailtransport,suchasincreasedTake-OffandLanding)vehiclescongestion,longertraveltimes,andarelightweightcommercialgreatermaintenancerequirements.aircraft,operatedbyeitherapilotAviationissettoplayavitalroleinor–inthefuture–anautonomoustacklingthesetransportissuessystem.Thesevehiclesontheground.aredesignedforloweraltitudesandshorterrangesthanThefutureofaeronauticswillconventionalcommercialaircraftbedefinedbytwokeyaxesthatandcantakeoffandlandareinextricablylinked:newaerialinaverticalfashion,likehelicopters.mobilityandsustainability.Short-However,unlikehelicopters,distanceflightsinurbanaircrafteVTOLvehicleshaveloweraresettorevolutionizetravel,and,operatingcosts,greaterefficiency,atatimewhenairlineshavepledgedandsuperiormaneuverability.toachievenet-zeroCO₂emissionsAnd,insteadofbeingpoweredby2050,[3]thenextgenerationofaerialbyconventionalfuelsources,theyvehiclesmustbedevelopedwithusebattery-basedpropulsionsustainabilityatitscore.orhybridsystems.2NEXTGENERATION&SUSTAINABLEAVIATIONThenumberofeVTOLvehicles,Asidefromthelogisticalissuescausedincludingelectricaircraftanddrones,byincreasedroadtraffic,therearealsoisexpectedtogrowsignificantlyintheenvironmentalissuesandairqualitycomingyears.Inso-calledmegacitiesconcernstoconsider.RoadtravellikeNewYork,Shanghai,andTokyo,currentlyaccountsfor15%ofthethedevelopmentofairtaxisandairtotalglobalCO₂emissions,[6]whereasambulancesisalreadyunderwaytocommercialaviationisresponsibleforbypassdifficulttrafficconditions.Thearound2.5%.[7]urbanairmobility(UAM)marketisexpectedtoincreasemomentumfromAerialvehiclesarebeingconsidered2030onwards,withtheaddressableasgreeneralternativestointernalUAMmarketbeingwortharound$9combustionengine(ICE)roadtrillionby2050.[4]vehicles.Groundvehiclesarecurrentlyresponsiblefor29%ofallgreenhouseTheuseofeVTOLvehiclesforgasemissionsintheUSA,butdronescommercialdeliveriesisalsosetpoweredbyanelectricmotorandtogrowexponentially.Theworld’slithium-ionbatterieswillproducefarfirstcommercialdronedeliverywasfewergreenhousegasesthroughoutcompletedbyDomino’sPizzaintheirlifetimethanfossilfuel-powered2016.By2026,morethanonemillionroadvehicles.dronesareexpectedtobecarryingoutretaildeliveries.[5]Majorplayersinthedeliveryandlogisticsindustries–includingUPS,FedEx,DHL,andAmazon–havealsobeeninvestingineVTOLtechnologyforyears.[1]UNFPA,PopulationDataPortal[2]TheWorldBank,UrbanDevelopment,6October2022[3]IATA,OurCommitmenttoFlyNetZeroby2050[4]eVTOL/UrbanAirMobilityTAMUpdate:ASlowTake-Off,ButSky'stheLimit,MorganStanley,6May2021[5]WhyFlyingDronesCouldDisruptMobilityandTransportationBeyondCOVID-19,Gartner,19May2020[6]OurWorldinData,Cars,planes,trains:wheredoCO2emissionsfromtransportcomefrom?6October2020[7]OurWorldinData,Climatechangeandflying:whatshareofglobalCO2emissionscomefromaviation?22October20203NEXTGENERATION&SUSTAINABLEAVIATIONWHYAGLOBALAPPROACHISIMPORTANTEffectivelylaunchingnewaerialvehiclesThisisimportantforensuringthatintothemarketrequiresaglobaleffort.theoperatingcostsofeVTOLsalignAcollaborativenetworkofcompaniesmorecloselywiththeautomotivemodel,andspecialistsfromaroundtheworldratherthanthemodelcurrentlyusedisnecessary.Thiswouldincludeleadinginaerospace.expertsfromvariousindustriesincludingaerospace,automotive,Communicationsserviceprovidersandtelecommunications.areindispensablepartnersbecauseoftheneedfor5GtechnologyforeVTOLs.Aerospacecompanies5Gtechnologyensuresthenetworkhavesignificantexpertiseinaeronauticalreliability,lowlatency,andhighbandwidthdesign,airtrafficmanagementsystems,thatareneededtomanageflightpathsandairsafetystandards.Theyalsoandcommunicatewithotherairtraffichavewell-establishedrelationshipssafelyandcost-effectively.withtheregulatoryagenciesresponsibleforapprovingeVTOLsLeveragingtheknowledgeandexperienceforcommercialoperations.ofstrategicpartnersisthebestwaytodevelopnewaerialmobilityAutomotivemanufacturersinawaythatprioritizessustainability.Usingbringvaluableexperiencetothetableinsightsfromthesepartnershipscanalsowhenitcomestoproducingpowersourcesmitigatepotentialrisksindevelopmentforvehicleswithalowenvironmentalandreducedeliverytimes.impact,likelithium-ionbatteries.Theyalsohaveexpertiseinhigh-volumevehicleproductionandsupplychainmanagement.4NEXTGENERATION&SUSTAINABLEAVIATIONCLOUD-BASEDENGINEERINGFACILITATESDIGITALCONTINUITYCollaborativeengineeringdesign–Byconsolidatingcomputingresourcesincludinginternationalengineeringteamsincloud-baseddatacenters,cloudproviders–canbeaccomplishedbyintegratingdigitalcanachieveeconomiesofscaleandpassproductdesigntools,includingmodel-basedthefinancialbenefitsontotheirclients.Fromsystemsengineering(MBSE)andproductasustainabilityperspective,cloud-basedlifecyclemanagement(PLM)systems,datacenterscansignificantlyreduceenergywithinthecloud.consumptionperunitofcomputingpower,whichresultsinlowergreenhousegasemissionsEngineersfromacrosstheworldcanviewandenergycostscomparedtotraditionalon-siteandworkontheentiresystemseamlesslydatacenters.inonecontinuousflow.Thisapproachallowsforwholesystem-levelsimulationswhereAdditionally,cloud-basedengineeringenhancesdesignerscanexperimentvirtuallyandgaincollaborationacrossnationalandinternationalinsightsintotheimpactondesign,supplychains,teams,reducingtheneedfortravel,whichandin-useemissions.Thisspeedsupthewholeleadstolowercarbonemissionsandotherdesignprocessasrapiditerationsofdesignsenvironmentalimpacts.canbeachievedbycollectingandsharingglobaltestdata.5NEXTGENERATION&SUSTAINABLEAVIATIONCHOOSINGTHEIDEALSOFTWARETOOLSFORAVIATIONPROJECTSByselectinganddeployingOncethetoolshavebeentherightsoftwaretoolschosen,theimplementationforproductlifecycleofthesoftwarenecessitatesmanagementanddesign,end-to-endmodificationsaviationdeveloperscanbuildtoITarchitecture,datacloud-basedengineeringsystemsmanagement,andintegrationfornetzeroobjectivesthatwithcloudproviders.areuptotentimesfasterthanThereisalsotheneedcurrentindustrystandards.forcustomizationandpluginsthroughouttheentiresystem,However,therearenoone-inaccordancewithsize-fits-allsolutions.Workingtheorganization'sengineeringwithexperiencedpartnerstandards,lifecycleorganizationshelpsaviationmethodologies,andinnovationdeveloperscarefullyplans,toensurecontinuity.choosesoftwaretoolsfromthewiderangeofoptionsavailable.Thisisdonebasedontheproject'sspecificrequirementsandbyconsideringhowdifferenttoolsintegratewithoneanother.6NEXTGENERATION&SUSTAINABLEAVIATIONACHIEVINGSUSTAINABLEPROPULSIONFORAIRCRAFTWhenitcomestocarbonemissions,SAFs–madefromorganicmaterialsaviationisaheavilyscrutinizedsector,andnon-fossilsources,suchaskitchenandtheindustry’sdecarbonizationoil,ratherthankerosene–arebeingeffortsarebeingkeenlyobserved.lookedatasaviablefueloption,whileToachievenetzerogoals,organizationshydrogenisalsobeingconsideredmustdesignaircraftwithintelligentasalong-termsolutionformedium-capabilitiestoachievelowerrangeorlong-rangeaircraft.However,fuelconsumption.therearestillsignificanttechnologicalandeconomichurdlestoovercome.Increasingly,fuelswillbeadoptedTheproductionandsupplyofhydrogenbasedontheirsustainabilitycredentials.andSAFsforthemarketposesNewairmobilityaircraftwillusechallenges,andscalingupbothdifferentenergysources,includingsolutionswillbeakeyobstacle.fullyelectricvehicles,alongsidehybridIfhydrogenorSAFsbecomemodels.Aircraftmanufacturershavewidespreadfuelsforaircraft,entirelongbeenexploringthepossibilitiesecosystemswillneedtobesupportedofgreenelectro-fuelandsustainableandsafetyconcernswillneedaviationfuels(SAFs).tobeaddressed–especiallyrelatedtotheirusewithinairports.TopromoteGreenelectro-fuel,alsoknownasgreentheadvancementofaircraftusingsyntheticfuel,isproducedusinghydrogenandSAFs,regulatorsdecarbonizedmethods.RenewableinEuropeandtheUSAareofferingenergysourcesareusedtoproduceincentivesforbothsectors.hydrogenandcapturecarboneitherfromtheatmosphereorindustrialfacilities,creatingasustainablefueloption.7NEXTGENERATION&SUSTAINABLEAVIATIONTHEINDUSTRYISACCELERATINGANDTHETIMEFORACTIONISNOWSocialpressuresurroundingclimatestandsnow,flightscarrying10billionchange–andtheriseofso-calledairpassengerswouldgenerate"flight-shaming"–hasledto27%around2,000megatonnesofCO₂.[10]ofpeopletoconsiderreducingtheirToachieveitsgoalofnetzeroairtravel.[8]Itisalsomakingithardercarbonemissionsby2050,theglobalforaerospacecompaniestorecruitairtransportindustrymusttakeandretaintalent.significantstepstomakeitstechnology,fuels,andoperationsmoresustainable.Despitesustainabilityconcerns,demandAlthoughsustainabilityobjectivesforairtravelissettorise.Ithasbeenshouldaimtogobeyondcarbonforecastthatthenumberofpassengersemissionsalone,thenon-CO₂effectstravelingbyairwillclimbfromofaviationaccountfortwo-thirds4.5billionin2019[9]toover10billionofitstotalclimateimpactandthisalsoby2050.[10]Astheaviationindustryneedstobeaddressed.[11][8]Reuters,Flightshaminghitsairtravelas'Gretaeffect'takesoff,2October2019[9]ICAO,AnnualReport2019,TheWorldofAirTravelin2019[10]Waypoint2050,AirTransportActionGroup,Secondedition:September2021[11]Transport&Aviation,Non-CO2effectsofaviation8NEXTGENERATION&SUSTAINABLEAVIATIONAchievinggreenerairtravelanddecarbonizingaviationrequiresastrongecosystemalongthevaluechain.Thisincludesaircraftmanufacturers,energyproviders,andafullsupportinginfrastructure.Sustainableaviationfueldoesnotrequiretheaircrafttobemodifiedtoomuch.However,thereisagreaterconcernaboutthebiologicalorchemicalprocessesrequiredtogenerateSAForhydrogenatthevolumesthatareneeded–andinamoresustainableway.Sufficientlymaturetechnologymustbeembeddedintheprocesstogeneratetherequiredvolumes.Sustainabilityitselfisatime-sensitiveissueandneglectingthismattertodaywillresultincompoundingchallengesthatwillescalateovertime.Engineeringspeedshouldbeprioritizedwhenredesigningairframes,wings,andengines.Additionally,acceleratingthewholedevelopmentprocessandlaunchinganinnovativeproductaheadofyourcompetitorscanofferacompetitiveedge–andachancetoearnbillionsofdollarsinrevenue.9NEXTGENERATION&SUSTAINABLEAVIATIONEVERYONESAIDITWASIMPOSSIBLE"SolarImpulse2"–solar-poweredairplaneFortheteamwhoembarkedonthefirst-everCapgeminitookonthechallengeandprovidedround-the-worldsolarflight,anearlyobstaclesupportinthreecriticalareas:wasfindingtherightpartnerstomakeithappen.TherewasresistancewithintheaviationindustryFlightstrategyfrompeoplewhothoughttheprojectwouldneverCapgeminiwasresponsibleforestablishingflightgetofftheground.Thechallengesoftheundertakingpathpatternsandtheroutingoftheairplane.wereclearfromthebeginning:theairframeOurengineers,basedinthemissioncontrolcenter,neededtobeextremelylightwhilealsolargewerealsoinchargeoftheadvancedflightsimulation.enoughtoaccommodatethesolarpanelsrequiredtopoweritspropellers.ThelightnessoftheairplaneVirtualcopilotsystemalsomeantthattheaircraftwouldbeparticularlyThevirtualcopilotsystem,whichdetectsvulnerabletoweatherconditions.Despitetheseinconsistenciesintheairplane’sbehavior,wascreatedchallenges–andafter13yearsofdevelopment–andmaintainedbyourengineers.thedreamofaround-the-worldsolarflightwasfinallyaccomplishedin2016.SafetyandsecurityanalysisToobtainflightpermitsandothercertificationsfromtheappropriateauthorities,wehadtofirstensureandimprovethereliabilityoftheairplane.10NEXTGENERATION&SUSTAINABLEAVIATIONAPARTNERFORNEXT-GENERATIONANDSUSTAINABLEAVIATIONCapgeminiisarecognizedleaderinCapgeminiprovidesastreamlinedsustainabilityenablementtechnologyapproachtoaviationengineeringservices.[12]Wehaveestablishedstrongbyactingasasinglestrategicpartnerpartnershipswithsolutionproviderstoourclients,eliminatingtheneedandmanufacturersworldwide,bringingtocoordinatemultiplepartnerstogetheroverthreedecadesofandreducingcosts.experienceintheaeronauticsindustryandpartnerknowledgefromarangeofWorkingwithleadinginnovatorssectors,includingenergy,automotive,aroundtheworldtotestanddeployandtelecommunications.Thiscross-sustainabletechnologies,ourglobalsectorexperienceisinvaluable.approachallowsustoprovidecohesiveForexample,expertisefromtheandeffectivesolutionsforaviationdevelopmentofautonomousdrivingtechnologyengineering.canbetransferredtothedevelopmentofautonomousaviationsystemsandsingle-pilotprojects.[12]EverestGroup,SustainabilityEnablementTechnologyServicesPEAKMatrix®Assessment2022,June202211NEXTGENERATION&SUSTAINABLEAVIATIONAboutMACS3690_05-2023CapgeminiCapgeminiisagloballeaderinpartneringwithcompaniestotransformandmanagetheirbusinessbyharnessingthepoweroftechnology.TheGroupisguidedeverydaybyitspurposeofunleashinghumanenergythroughtechnologyforaninclusiveandsustainablefuture.Itisaresponsibleanddiverseorganizationofover360,000teammembersinmorethan50countries.Withitsstrong55-yearheritageanddeepindustryexpertise,Capgeminiistrustedbyitsclientstoaddresstheentirebreadthoftheirbusinessneeds,fromstrategyanddesigntooperations,fueledbythefastevolvingandinnovativeworldofcloud,data,AI,connectivity,software,digitalengineering,andplatforms.TheGroupreported2022globalrevenuesof€22billion.GetTheFutureYouWantwww.capgemini.comTheinformationcontainedinthisdocumentisproprietary.©2023Capgemini.Allrightsreserved.

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