MODULEFORCO2TRANSPORTDocumentPreparedby:PerspectivesClimateGroupGmbHandSouthPoleCarbonAssetManagementLtdTitleModuleforCO2transportVersionDraftforPublicConsultationDateofIssueJune302023Type☒Module☐ToolSectoralScope16.CarbonCaptureandStorageSubmittedByCCS+InitiativeContactinformationinfo@ccsplus.orgCONTENTS1SOURCES..............................................................................................................32SUMMARYDESCRIPTIONOFTHEMODULE.........................................................43DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................................44APPLICABILITYCONDITIONS..............................................................................65MODULEBOUNDARY...........................................................................................76QUANTIFICATIONPROCEDURES.........................................................................96.1OptionA:DirectMonitoringofFuel,ElectricityandHeatConsumption..................106.2OptionB:DefaultValues.................................................................................................136.3QuantificationofLeakage..............................................................................................147DATAANDPARAMETERS...................................................................................167.1DataandParametersAvailableatValidation............................................................167.2DataandParametersMonitored...................................................................................198REFERENCES.......................................................................................................31Module:VCSVersion4.131SOURCESThefollowinghavealsoinformedthedevelopmentofthemodule:●“BestPracticesforLifeCycleAssessment(LCA)ofDirectAirCapturewithStorage”,U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,OfficeofFossilEnergyandCarbonManagement●“Carbondioxidecapture,transportation,andgeologicalstorage—Quantificationandverification”,StandardISO/TR27915:2017:●“CarbonDioxideTransport,InjectionandGeologicalStorage”,Chapter5inVolume2ofthe2006IPCCGuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories●“TheGHGProtocolforProjectAccounting”,WorldBusinessCouncilforSustainableDevelopment(WBCSD)andtheWorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)●“AGreenhouseGasAccountingFrameworkforCarbonCaptureandStorageProjects”,CentreforClimateandEnergySolutions●Methodologyforthequantification,monitoring,reportingandverificationofgreenhousegasemissionsreductionsandremovalsfromcarboncaptureandstorageprojects,Version1.1.,publishedbytheAmericanCarbonRegistry●“GuidelinesforCarbonCapture,TransportandStorage”,WRI●“CarbonCaptureandSequestrationProtocolundertheLowCarbonFuelStandard”,CaliforniaAirResourcesBoard●“Modalitiesandproceduresforcarbondioxidecaptureandstorageingeologicalformationsascleandevelopmentmechanismprojectactivities”,UNFCCC●“CommissionImplementingRegulation(EU)2018/2066”oftheEuropeanCommission,Directorate-GeneralforClimateAction●“EUDirectiveonthegeologicalstorageofcarbondioxide”oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilThismoduleisusedincombinationwiththelatestversionofthefollowingmethodologies,modules,andtools:●VM00XXMethodologyforCarbonCaptureandStorageCaptureModules•VMD00XX:CO2CapturefromAir(DirectAirCapture)•VMD00XX:CO2CapturefromFossilFuelorGeothermalBasedPowerandHeatGeneration(underdevelopment)•VMD00XX:CO2CapturefromIndustrialProcesses(underdevelopment)Module:VCSVersion4.14•VMD00XX:CO2CapturefromOilandGasProductionandProcessing(underdevelopment)•VMD00XX:CO2CapturefromBiogenicSources(BECCS)(underdevelopment)TransportModule(s)•VMD00XX:ModuleforCO2TransportStorageModules•VMD00XX:CO2StorageinSalineAquifers•VMD00XX:CO2StorageinDepletedOilandGasReservoirs(underdevelopment)OtherModules/Tools•VMT00XX:ToolforDifferentiationbetweenEmissionReductionsandRemovalsinCarbonCaptureandStorageProjects(underdevelopment)•VMT00XX:ToolforBaselineQuantificationandAllocationofProjectEmissionsinProjectswithVCSandnon-VCS-CO2flowsinCarbonCaptureandStorageProjects(underdevelopment)ThismoduleusesthelatestversionsofthefollowingCDMTools:•CDMTool12:Projectandleakageemissionsfromtransportationoffreight2SUMMARYDESCRIPTIONOFTHEMODULEThemoduleprovidesproceduresandrequirementsforprojectactivitiesthattransportcarbondioxide(CO2)viapipelines,ships/barges,rail,andtrucksforeligiblecarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)activitiesunderVM00XXMethodologyforCarbonCaptureandStorage.3DEFINITIONSInadditiontothedefinitionssetoutintheProgramDefinitionsoftheVCSProgram,thefollowingdefinitionsapplytothismodule:CO2ConditioningTheprocessoftreatmentofanincomingCO2streamtoachievetherequiredconditionsfortransportand/orinjectionandstorageoftheCO2inaCCSprojectactivity.Itmayincludevariousprocessesincludingbutnotlimitedtorefrigeration,dehydration,desulphurization,deoxygenation,andcompressionModule:VCSVersion4.15GeologicalReservoirSubsurfacebodyofrockwithsufficientporosityandpermeabilitytoreceive,transmitandcontainfluids,particularlysuper-criticalordensephaseCO2,includingareasorzonesforexpansionandmigrationoftheCO2plumedefinedbythereservoirmodelling.IntermediateStorageIntermediatestorageincludestheprocessesandequipmentonasitethatenablestemporarystorageofCO2intransit,duringthetransferofCO2fromonemodeoftransporttoanother(e.g.,transferofCO2fromapipelinetotransportbyship)ModeofTransportReferstohowCO2canbemovedfromanentrypoint(e.g.,acapturesite)toapointofdelivery(e.g.,othermodesoftransportorstorage).ThistypicallyincludesCO2transportbypipelines,ships,rail,and/ortrucksNon-condensableGasNon-condensablegasesaregasesthatdonotcondensateintotheliquidphasewithintheoperatingtemperatureofasystem.Theyarerelevantforgeothermalpower/heatplantsNon-VCS-CO2TheCO2capturedoutsidetheprojectboundaryofaCCSprojectactivityregisteredunderVCSthatisconditioned,transported,orstoredusing(someof)thefacilitiesoftheregisteredCCSprojectactivitySolventSolvent-basedCO2captureinvolvesthechemicalorphysicalabsorptionofCO2fromfluegasintoaliquidcarrierStorageFacilityAnyfacilityusedforgeologicalstorageofCO2TransportFacilityAnyfacilitiesusedtotransportCO2TransportofCO2Anetwork,singlepipeline,oranyothermodeoftransportthathasbeenpurpose-builttotransportCO2,orwhichisexistingbutdedicatedtoandauthorizedforthetransportofCO2TransportSegmentAportionofaCO2transportationsystemthatconnectsacapturefacilitytointermediatestorage,othertransportsegments,intermediatestoragefacilitiesandstoragefacilities.Transportsegmentshaveonemodeoftransport.Module:VCSVersion4.164APPLICABILITYCONDITIONSThismoduleappliestothetransportofCO2inacarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)projectactivityusingthelatestversionofVM00XXMethodologyforCarbonCaptureandStorage.Thismoduleisapplicableunderthefollowingconditions:1.TheprojectactivitytransportsaconcentratedCO2streamfromacapturesite(s)toanoncontiguousstoragesite(s)asafree-flowingfluid.2.TheprojectCO2streamistransportedthroughoneoracombinationofthefollowingtransportmodes:a.Pipelines;b.Ships/barges(hereinafterreferredtoasships,unlessspecified);c.Railway;ord.Trucks.3.Theprojectmustincludeoneormultipletransportsegmentsthatconnectscapturesite(s),intermediatestoragesite(s),andstoragesite(s).4.TheprojectmayincludeintermediatestoragesitesthatenabletemporarystorageoftheprojectCO2streamwhileintransit,duringthetransferofCO2toorfromatransportsegment,ifthestorageisinabove-groundvessels1.Thismoduleisnotapplicableunderthefollowingconditions:1.TransportationorintermediatestorageofCO2thatisdissolvedinsolvents,dilutedindiluents(beyondremnantsofthecaptureprocessorfeedstockcontaminants),mineralizedinmaterials,orinfusedinproducts2.2.Intermediatestoragethatisinageologicalreservoir.3.Upgradestoexistingtransportfacilitiesorchangesinoperationalpracticesleadingtoimprovedtransportefficiencycannotberegisteredasanewprojectactivitybyitself.FortransportprojectsalreadyregisteredundertheVCS,suchimprovementsmayoccurandwouldbeconsideredinthecalculationofthebaselineandtheprojectemissionsoverthecreditingperiod.1Includingshiptransport.2Additionalmodulesallowingtransportforexampletransportindissolvedinwaterareunderdevelopment.Module:VCSVersion4.175MODULEBOUNDARYThemoduleboundaryforthismoduleencompassesCO2transportandalltheassociatedprocessesalongtheCO2transportvaluechain.Commonlyusedequipmentorprocessesmayinclude:•CO2Conditioning(e.g.,dehydration,cooling);•CompressionofCO2;•LoadingandunloadingofCO2to/fromships,trains,andtrucks;•Propulsionofships,trains,andtrucksfortransportofCO2;•HoldingCO2conditions(e.g.,temperature)inpressurevessels;•ReconditioningofCO2toalterthemodeoftransportorchangethedeliverycondition(e.g.,regasification);Thepointofcustodytransferisappropriatetodefinemoduleandsegmentboundariesinthecaseofprojectswithdiverseownership.Withinthetransportmoduleboundary,theprojectactivitiesarefurthersub-dividedintointermediatestoragesitesortransportsegments,where:•IntermediatestoragesitesincludetheprocessesandequipmentonasitethatenablestemporarystorageofCO2intransit,duringthetransferofCO2fromonetransportsegmenttoanother.•TransportsegmentsincludeequipmentandprocessesformovingaCO2streamthroughaportionofthetransportationsystemthatusesacommonquantificationapproachasdescribedinsection6.Transportsegmentsmustmeetthefollowingcriteria:oTransportsegmentsdonotincludeintermediatestoragefacilitiesorequipmentoutsidethemoduleboundary(asdefinedabove).oAllequipmentandprocessesinatransportsegmentareconnectedsuchthattheydonotstraddleothertransportsegmentsorintermediatestoragefacilities.oEachtransportsegmentmovesCO2throughonemodeoftransport(i.e.,eachdifferentmodeoftransportinaprojectmustbeaseparatetransportsegment).oPipelinesandelectricrailnetworksthatcrossinternationalboundariesmustuseseparatetransportsegmentsforeachcountrytoproperlydetermineprojectemissionsfromgridelectricityconsumptionineachjurisdiction.Truck,ship,anddieselrailnetworksthatcrossinternationalboundariesdonotneedaseparatetransportsegmentforportionsofthetransportineachcountry.TheboundaryforthismoduleispresentedinFigure1.Module:VCSVersion4.18Figure1:ModuleboundaryforCO2transport.Emissionsources,includingbothprimaryandsecondaryeffects,thatareconsideredinthismoduleareillustratedrelativetothemoduleboundaryinFigure2.Figure2:BoundaryforPrimaryandSecondaryProjectActivityEffectsTheGHGsincludedinorexcludedfromthemoduleboundaryaredepictedinTable1.Module:VCSVersion4.19Table1:GHGSourcesIncludedorExcludedfromtheProjectBoundarySourceGasIncluded?Justification/ExplanationProjectElectricityconsumptionCO2YesMajoremissionsourceCH4YesSignificantupstreamemissionsourceN2OYesIncludedforcompletenessOtherNoExcludedforsimplicity,emissionsareconsiderednegligible.FuelconsumptionCO2YesMajoremissionsourceCH4YesSignificantupstreamemissionsourceN2OYesIncludedforcompletenessOtherNoExcludedforsimplicity,emissionsareconsiderednegligible.CO2streamprocessingCO2YesIncluded.AnylossofCO2duetofugitiveemissionsorventingduringcaptureisinherentlydeductedfromtheoverallcalculationofGHGemissionreductionssinceonlyinjectedCO2volumesarequantifiedasthebaselineemissions.CH4NoExcludedasalsonotconsideredunderthebaselinescenario.N2ONoExcludedasalsonotconsideredunderthebaselinescenario.OtherNoExcludedforsimplicity,emissionsareconsiderednegligible.6QUANTIFICATIONPROCEDURESTotalprojectemissionsofthetransportedCO2arecalculatedasperEquation(1):𝑃𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑦=∑𝑃𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑡,𝑦𝑡+∑𝑃𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑠,𝑦𝑠−𝑃𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑉𝐶𝑆𝐶𝑂2,𝑦(1)Where:Module:VCSVersion4.110𝑃𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑦=TotalprojectemissionsfromCO2transportationinyeary(tCO2e)𝑃𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑡,𝑦=Totalprojectemissionsfortransportsegmentsintheyeary(tCO2e)𝑃𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑠,𝑦=Totalprojectemissionsfromtheoperationofintermediatestorageitheyeary(tCO2e)t=Transportsegmentindexs=Intermediatestorageindex𝑃𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑉𝐶𝑆𝐶𝑂2,𝑦=Projectemissionsfromprocessesandequipmentrelatedtonon-VCSsources.inyeary(tCO2e)tobedeterminedasperthelatestversionoftheVMT00XX:ToolforBaselineQuantificationandAllocationofProjectEmissionsinProjectswithVCSandnon-VCS-CO2flowsinCarbonCaptureandStorageProjects.Forprojectswithoutnon-VCSCO2,PEnonVCSCO2,y=0(tCO2e)Projectemissionsfromintermediatestoragesitesandtransportsegmentsincludethosefromgridelectricityconsumption,combustionoffossilfuel,andconsumptionofheat.ThismoduleprovidestwooptionsforthecalculationofGHGemissionsfromthetransportsegmentsandintermediatestoragesites.OptionAprovidesproceduresfordirectmonitoringwhileOptionBprovidesdefaultvaluesthatmayonlybeusedwhenthetransportsegment(s)orintermediatestoragesite(s)meettheconditionsinSection6.2.6.1OptionA:DirectMonitoringofFuel,ElectricityandHeatConsumptionProjectemissionsassociatedwithatransportsegmentarecalculatedasperEquations(2):𝑃𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑡,𝑦=𝑃𝐸𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏_𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦+𝑃𝐸𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦(2)Where:𝑃𝐸𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏_𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦=Projectemissionsfromfuelcombustiontooperateequipmentfortransportorintermediatestorageprocessesintheyeary(tCO2e).𝑃𝐸𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦=GHGemissionsfromelectricityconsumptiontooperatetransportorintermediatestorageprocessesintheyeary(tCO2e).ProjectemissionsfromfossilfuelconsumptionforCO2transportviatrucks,rail,orshipsmustconsiderbothoutboundandemptyreturntrips.Projectemissionsfromtransportsegmentsandintermediatestoragearecalculatedasfollows.ProjectemissionsassociatedwithintermediatestoragearecalculatedasperEquationsError!Referencesourcenotfound.):𝑃𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑠,𝑦=𝑃𝐸𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏_𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦+𝑃𝐸𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦(3)Module:VCSVersion4.1116.1.1ProjectemissionsfromfuelcombustionProjectemissionsfromfossilfuelcombustionformobileequipment,powerandheatgenerationarecalculatedasfollows:𝑃𝐸𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏_𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦=∑(𝑄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦𝑖×𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝐶𝑂2,𝑖)+∑(𝑄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦𝑖×𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝐶𝐻4,𝑖)×𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4+∑(𝑄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦𝑖×𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑁2𝑂,𝑖)×𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂(4)Where:𝑃𝐸𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏_𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦=Projectemissionsfromfuelcombustionformobileequipment,onandoff-sitepowerandheatgenerationinyeary(tCO2e)𝑄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦=Quantityofeachtypeoffueliforon-siteandoff-sitemobileequipment,powerandheatgenerationinyeary(m3orkgorGJ)𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝐶𝑂2,𝑖=CO2emissionfactoroffueliinyeary(tCO2/m3,tCO2/kgortCO2/GJ)𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝐶𝐻4,𝑖=CH4emissionfactoroffueliinyeary(tCH4/m3,tCH4/kgortCH4/GJ)𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑁2𝑂,𝑖=N20emissionfactoroffueliinyeary(tN2O/m3,tN2O/kgortN2O/GJ)GWP=Globalwarmingpotential(forCH4andN2Orespectively)Ifpowerorheataresuppliedfromadirectlyconnectedoff-sitefacility,𝑄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦mustbedeterminedasaproportionofthetotalfuelusedtogeneratethetotalelectricityandheatgeneratedbythedirectlyconnectedfacilitywiththefollowingequation:𝑄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦=𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙_𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑖,𝑦×(𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑦+𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑦)(𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑦+𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑦)(5)Where:𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙_𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑖,𝑦=TotalmassofafueltypeiusedbytheCogenerationunittogenerateelectricityand/orheatinyeary(metrictons/year)𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑦=QuantityofusefulthermalenergysuppliedtothetransportfacilitybytheCogenerationunitinyeary(MWh/year)𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑦=QuantityofelectricitysuppliedtothetransportfacilitybytheCogenerationunitinyeary(MWh/year).EqualszeroifonlyheatsuppliedtothetransportfacilityModule:VCSVersion4.112𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑦=TotalquantityofusefulthermalenergyproducedbytheCogenerationunitinyeary(MWh/year)𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑦=TotalquantityofelectricityproducedbytheCogenerationunitinyeary(MWh/year)Projectemissionsfromtheconsumptionofwasteheatcanbeassumedtobezeroforheatsourcesthatmeetthecriteriaofwasteheatinthebaselinesection.Wherebiofuelorbiomassisused,itmustcomplywiththedefinitionandconditionsofrenewableandsustainablebiomassasprovidedbythelatestversionofVMD00XX:CO2CapturefromBiogenicSources.Otherwise,emissionsfromthecombustionofbiofuelorbiomassmustbeaccountedforperEquation(4).6.1.2ProjectemissionsfromelectricityconsumptionProjectemissionsfromelectricityconsumptionarecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingEquation(6).𝑃𝐸𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦=𝑄𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦×𝐸𝐹𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚_𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐(6)Where:𝑃𝐸𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦=Projectemissionsfromconsumptionofelectricitytooperateequipmentinthetransportmoduletheyeary(tCO2e).𝑄𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦=Totalmeteredelectricityusagetooperateequipmentinthetransportmoduleinyeary(MWh/year).𝐸𝐹𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚_𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐=Emissionsfactorforelectricitygeneration(tCO2e/MWh).Foron-siteordirectlyconnectedoff-siteelectricitygeneration,theemissionsrelatedtoelectricityconsumptionmustbedeterminedbasedontherelatedfuelconsumptionaspertheprovisionsundertheparameters𝑃𝐸𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏_𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦and𝑃𝐸𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦.SeeSection6.1.1forguidanceondeterminingfueluseforelectricityfromcogenerationrelatedtoCCSprojectactivitiesbelow.Forgridelectricityconsumption,publishedemissionfactorsfromregionalcompliancemarket-approvedtools,and/ordatapublishedbyStateorNationalgovernmentagenciesmustbeusedProjectproponentsmustreferencethesourcesusedandprovideevidenceoftheelectricityprocurement.Renewableenergy(i.e.,wind,solar,hydro)fromadirectlyconnected,off-gridcaptivesourceisdeemedtohavenoemissions.Projectproponentsmustprovideevidenceofadirectconnection.Forelectricityconsumptionfromadedicatedgeothermalpowerplant,CO2emissionsfromthereleaseofnon-condensablegasesmustbeconsideredintheemissionfactor.Module:VCSVersion4.1136.2OptionB:DefaultValuesProjectemissionsassociatedwithatransportsegmentmaybecalculatedasperEquation(7),ifthetransportsegment:•Usestrucksasthetransportmode,andthemostlikelyroutehasaone-waytraveldistanceshorterthan40km;•Usesrailasthetransportmode,themostlikelyroutedoesnotcrossanationalborder,andhasaone-waytraveldistanceshorterthan80km;•Usesbargesasthetransportmode,andthemostlikelyroutehasaone-waytraveldistanceshorterthan100km;or•Usesships(notbarges)asthetransportmode,andthemostlikelyroutehasaone-waytraveldistanceshorterthan200km.𝑃𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑡,𝑦=∑(𝑡𝐷𝑡,𝑦×𝑀𝐶𝑂2𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑡,𝑦×𝐷𝐸𝐹𝑡)×10−6)(7)Where:𝑃𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑡,𝑦=Totalprojectemissionstooperatetransportsegmentsintheyeary(tCO2)𝐷𝑡,𝑦=Lengthofthetransportsegmentt(km)𝑀𝐶𝑂2𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑡,𝑦=MassofCO2transportedbythetransportsegmentsintheyeary(t)𝐷𝐸𝐹𝑡=DefaultemissionfactorforCO2transportationbythesegmentt(gCO2/tkm)t=TransportsegmentindexTotalprojectemissionsfromanintermediatestoragesite,i,maybecalculatedasperEquation(8),if:•Theintermediatestoragefacilitydoesnotconsumefossilfuelsorheatgeneratedoff-site(e.g.,steamimported);and•TheaggregatedmassofCO2eemissionsfromalltheintermediateCO2storagefacilitiesintheprojectoperatingatpeakpowerconsumptionislessthan5%oftheinjectedmassofCO2attheproject’sdesignthroughput.𝑃𝐸𝑡𝑟𝑎,𝑠,𝑦=∑𝑃𝑃𝑠.𝑦×𝑇𝑠,𝑦×𝐸𝐹𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑠(8)Where:Module:VCSVersion4.114𝑃𝐸𝑡𝑟𝑎,𝑠,𝑦=Projectemissionstooperateintermediatestorageiintheyeary(tCO2e)𝑃𝑃𝑠.𝑦=Peakpowerconsumptionoftheintermediatestorageiintheyeary(MW).𝑇𝑠,𝑦=Usagetimeofintermediatestorageibytheprojectactivityinyeary(hours)𝐸𝐹𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐=Emissionsfactorforelectricitygeneration(tCO2e/MWh).s=Intermediatestorageindex6.3QuantificationofLeakageTotalleakageemissionsofthetransportedCO2arecalculatedasperEquation(9):𝐿𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑦=∑𝐿𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑡,𝑦𝑡+∑𝐿𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑠,𝑦𝑠(9)Where:𝐿𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑦=LeakageemissionsfromCO2transportationinyeary(tCO2e)𝐿𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑡,𝑦=Leakageemissionsfortransportsegmentsintheyeary(tCO2e)𝐿𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑠,𝑦=Leakageemissionsfromtheoperationofintermediatestorageitheyeary(tCO2e)t=Transportsegmentindexs=IntermediatestorageindexLeakageemissionsfromintermediatestoragesitesandtransportsegmentsincludethosefromgridelectricityconsumption,combustionoffossilfuel,andconsumptionofheat.ThismoduleprovidestwooptionsforcalculatingGHGemissionsfromthetransportsegmentsandintermediatestoragesites.OptionAprovidesproceduresfordirectmonitoring.OptionBprovidesdefaultvaluesthatmayonlybeusedwhenthetransportsegment(s)orintermediatestoragesite(s)meettheconditionsinSection.LeakageemissionsmustbequantifiedwhenOptionAisusedtocalculateprojectemissions.LeakageemissionsarenotrequiredtobequantifiedwhenOptionBisused,sincethedefaultfactorsincludesufficientconservativeness.6.3.1LeakageofFuel,ElectricityandHeatConsumptionLeakageemissionsassociatedwithatransportsegmentarecalculatedasperEquation(10):𝐿𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑡,𝑦=𝐿𝐸𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦+𝐿𝐸𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦(10)Where:Module:VCSVersion4.115𝐿𝐸𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦=LeakageGHGemissionsfromupstreamfuelconsumptionfortransportorintermediatestorageprocessesintheyeary(tCO2e).𝐿𝐸𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦=LeakageGHGemissionsfromupstreamelectricityconsumptiontooperatetransportorintermediatestorageprocessesintheyeary(tCO2e).LeakageemissionsfromupstreamfossilfuelconsumptionforCO2transportviatrucks,rail,orshipsmustconsiderbothoutboundandemptyreturntrips.LeakageemissionsassociatedwithintermediatestoragearecalculatedasperEquation(11):𝐿𝐸𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑠,𝑦=𝐿𝐸𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦+𝐿𝐸𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦(11)6.3.2LeakageemissionsfromfuelconsumptionUpstreamemissionsfromtheproductionandtransportationoffueltothetransportfacilitiesanddirectlyconnectedoffsitefacilitiesarecalculatedusingEquation(12).𝐿𝐸𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦=∑(𝑄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦×𝐸𝐹𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚_𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦)(12)Where:𝐿𝐸𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑦=LeakageGHGemissionsfromupstreamsourcesrelatedtofuelconsumedinon-siteequipmentintheyeary(tCO2e).𝑄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦=Quantityoffueltypeiusedinthetransportmoduleequipmentand/orthirdparty(foroffsiteheat/steamsupply)inyeary(m3orKgorGJ)𝐸𝐹𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚_𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦=Emissionfactorforupstreamsourcesrelatedtofueltypeiusedinthetransportmoduleequipmentinyeary(tCO2e/m3,tCO2e/KgortCO2e/GJ)Ifpowerandheataresuppliedfromanoff-sitefacility,𝑄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦mustbedeterminedasaproportionofthetotalfuelusedtogeneratethetotalelectricityandheatgeneratedbythedirectlyconnectedfacilityusingEquation(5).Projectswherenoseparateinformationon𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖and𝐸𝐹𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚_𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦isavailablemayuseacombinedemissionfactorandapplyitinEquation(4)accordingly.Theemissionfactorfortheproduction,processing,andtransportoffuelusedfortransportorusedbyathirdpartytoprovideheatorsteamtothetransportfacilitymustbeaccountedforusingalifecycleanalysis(LCA)thatisconsistentwiththetransportmoduleboundaries(i.e.,primaryandsecondaryeffects).Module:VCSVersion4.1166.3.3LeakageemissionsfromelectricityconsumptionEmissionsfromupstreamelectricityconsumptionarecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingEquation(13).𝐿𝐸𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦=𝑄𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦×𝐸𝐹𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚_𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐(13)Where:𝐿𝐸𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦=Leakageemissionsfromconsumptionofelectricitytooperateequipmentinthetransportmoduletheyeary(tCO2e).𝑄𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦=Totalmeteredelectricityusagetooperateequipmentinthetransportmoduleinyeary(MWh/year).𝐸𝐹𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚_𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐=EmissionsfactorforupstreamGHGsourcesrelatedtoelectricitygeneration(tCO2e/MWh).Foron-siteordirectlyconnectedoff-siteelectricitygeneration,theemissionsrelatedtoelectricityconsumptionmustbedeterminedbasedontherelatedfuelconsumptionconsideringprojectandleakageemissionsasdescribedinthismodule.Forgridelectricityconsumption,publishedemissionfactorsfromregionalcompliancemarket-approvedtools,and/ordatapublishedbyStateorNationalgovernmentagenciesmustbeusedProjectproponentsmustreferencethesourcesusedandprovideevidenceoftheelectricityprocurement.Fordirectlyconnectedwind,solarorhydropowerplantsthatareoff-gridcaptiveplants,energysuppliedisdeemedtohavenoemissions.Projectproponentsmustprovideevidenceofadirectconnection.Forelectricityconsumptionfromadedicatedgeothermalpowerplant,CO2emissionsfromthereleaseofnon-condensablegasesmustbeconsideredintheemissionfactor.Projectswherenoseparateinformationon𝐸𝐹𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐and𝐸𝐹𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚_𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐isavailablemayuseacombinedemissionfactorandapplyitinEquation(4)accordingly.7DATAANDPARAMETERS7.1DataandParametersAvailableatValidationAdditionaldataandparametersaredefinedintherespectiveVM00XXMethodologyforCarbonCaptureandStorageandrelatedtools(VCSandCDM)asapplicable.Module:VCSVersion4.117Data/ParameterGWPCH4DataunittCO2e/tCH4DescriptionGlobalwarmingpotentialforCH4Equations(4)SourceofdataThelatestversionoftheVCSStandardValueappliedSeethelatestversionoftheVCSStandardJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedUnlessotherwisedirectedbytheVCSProgram,thelatestversionoftheVCSStandardrequiresthatCH4mustbeconvertedusingthe100-yearglobalwarmingpotentialderivedfromtheIPCCFourthAssessmentReport.PurposeofDataCalculationofprojectemissionsCommentsData/ParameterGWPN2ODataunittCO2e/tN2ODescriptionGlobalwarmingpotentialforCH4Equations(4)SourceofdataThelatestversionoftheVCSStandardValueappliedSeethelatestversionoftheVCSStandardJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedUnlessotherwisedirectedbytheVCSProgram,theVCSStandardrequiresthatN2Omustbeconvertedusingthe100-yearglobalwarmingpotentialderivedfromtheIPCCFourthAssessmentReport.PurposeofDataCalculationofprojectemissionsCommentsData/Parameter𝐷𝐸𝐹𝑡Module:VCSVersion4.118DataunitgCO2/tkmDescriptionThedefaultemissionfactortotransportonetonneCO21kmeitherbyship,truck,orrail.Equations(7)SourceofdataFordefaultvaluesoftruckandrail:CDMTool12:ProjectandleakageemissionsfromtransportationoffreightFordefaultvaluesofshipsandbarges:Figure8.6ofChapter8Transport.In:ClimateChange2014:MitigationofClimateChange.ContributionofWorkingGroupIIItotheFifthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeDefaultfactorsincludeembodiedupstreamemissions.ValueappliedTransportModalityDEFm(gCO2/tkm)LightVehicles(<=26tGrossVehicleMass)300HeavyVehicles(>26tGrossVehicleMass)160Rail160Ships(notbarges)60Barges120JustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedDefaultvaluesfortrucksandrail:CDMisanapprovedprogramundertheVCS.MethodologiesandToolsofCDMcanbedirectlyusedintheVCS.Defaultvaluesforshipsandbarges:IPCCprovidesarangeofemissionintensityfordifferentshiptypesandbarges.ConsideringthelowerpossibledensityofCO2streamtransportedbytheshipsandbargesascomparedtoothercargoes,thenexthighervalueofthey-axisisconsideredforconservativeness.PurposeofDataCalculationofprojectemissionsComments-Data/Parameter𝑃𝑃𝑖,𝑦DataunitKilowatt(kW)DescriptionPeakpowerconsumptionoftheintermediatestorageiusedintheyeary(kW).Equations(8)SourceofdataDesignspecificationsforallequipmenton-siteModule:VCSVersion4.119ValueappliedJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedThemanufacturer’sspecificationwouldprovidetheappropriatevalueforpeakpower.PurposeofDataCalculationofprojectemissionsComments-7.2DataandParametersMonitoredData/Parameter:𝑄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦Dataunit:m3,KgorGJinayearyDescription:QuantityofeachfueltypeiusedinthetransportmoduleEquations(4)and(12)Sourceofdata:Fuelreceipts/invoicesorflowmeterreadingsDescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Measuredfromflowmetersorcalculatedfromfuelreceipts/invoices.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AggregatedannuallyQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:Flowmetersmustbeoperatedwithinthemanufacturer'sspecifiedoperatingconditionsatalltimes.Flowmetersmustberoutinelycalibrated,inspected,andmaintainedaccordingtothemanufacturer'sspecifications.Purposeofdata:CalculationofprojectandleakageemissionsCalculationmethod:Volumetricgasflowmeterreadingsmustbecorrectedfortemperatureandpressure.Thefuelconsumptionmustbeadjustedasfollows:Fortransportviatrucks,rail,orships,thedistancemustconsiderbothoutboundandemptyreturntrips.Ifanotherfreightistransportedonthereturntrip,Module:VCSVersion4.120thenthedistanceassociatedwiththereturntripneednotbeaccountedfor.ThecompanysupplyingortransportingtheCO2shouldprovidedatatotheprojectproponentaboutthemode(s)oftransportationused,thetotalnumberoftonnesdelivered,andthetotaldistancetraveled.Wherethetransportationprocessincursstopsthatarenotpartofthedirecttrip,theiraddeddistancesmustbeincluded(e.g.,ashiptransportingCO2thatdetourstocollectanothercargofromanothersitebeforearrivingatthestoragesite).Comments:Data/Parameter:𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝐶𝑂2,𝑖Dataunit:tCO2/m3,tCO2/KgortCO2/GJDescription:CO2EmissionfactorfromthecombustionoffueliinyearyEquations(4)Sourceofdata:Thefollowingdatasourcesmaybeused:1)EmissionfactorprescribedbyIPCC.(2021).ClimateChange2021:ThePhysicalScienceBasis.ContributionofWorkingGroupItotheSixthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress:IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeRetrievedMay18,2022,fromhttps://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/;2)EmissionfactorspublishedbyUSEPAorsimilarsource;https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg-emission-factors-hub;or3)Dataprovidedbythefuelsupplier.Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Usethelatestdatapublishedbytheabovesourcesatthetimeofreportingprojectemissions.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AnnualQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:N/APurposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:N/AComments:Module:VCSVersion4.121Data/Parameter:𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝐶𝐻4,𝑖Dataunit:tCH4/m3,tCH4/KgortCH4/GJDescription:CH4EmissionfactorfromthecombustionoffueliinyearyEquations(4)Sourceofdata:Thefollowingdatasourcesmaybeused:1)EmissionfactorprescribedbyIPCC.(2021).ClimateChange2021:ThePhysicalScienceBasis.ContributionofWorkingGroupItotheSixthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress:IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeRetrievedMay18,2022,fromhttps://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/;2)EmissionfactorspublishedbyUSEPAorasimilarsource,https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg-emission-factors-hub;or3)Dataprovidedbythefuelsupplier.Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Usethelatestdatapublishedbytheabovesourcesatthetimeofreportingprojectemissions.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AnnualQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:N/APurposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:N/AComments:Data/Parameter:𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑁2𝑂,𝑖Dataunit:tN2O/m3,tN2O/KgortN2O/GJDescription:N20EmissionfactorfromthecombustionoffueliinyearyEquations(4)Sourceofdata:Thefollowingdatasourcesmaybeused:Module:VCSVersion4.1221)EmissionfactorprescribedbyIPCC.(2021).ClimateChange2021:ThePhysicalScienceBasis.ContributionofWorkingGroupItotheSixthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress:IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeRetrievedMay18,2022,fromhttps://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/;2)EmissionfactorspublishedbyUSEPAorasimilarsource,https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg-emission-factors-hub;or3)Dataprovidedbythefuelsupplier.Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Usethelatestdatapublishedbytheabovesourcesatthetimeofreportingprojectemissions.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AnnualQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:N/APurposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:N/AComments:Data/Parameter:𝐸𝐹𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚_𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙,𝑖,𝑦Dataunit:tCO2e/m3,tCO2e/KgortCO2e/GJDescription:TheupstreamemissionfactoroffueltypeiusedinthetransportmoduleinyearyEquations(12)Sourceofdata:Theoptionsforsatisfyingthisrequirementareasfollows:•Option1)Aqualifiedthird-partymayconductanLCAinaccordancewithISO14040and14044,latestedition,thatuseseitherprimaryorpublishedandpeer-revieweddata3;or3Peer-reviewedliteraturemeansreviewedscientificliteraturepublishedinreputableenvironmentaland/orclimatesciencejournals.StateorNationalgovernmentdataonthecarbonintensitiesofthefuelsarealsoacceptablesourcesofdatafordeterminingemissionsfactorsforfuelsusedbythetransportfacility.Module:VCSVersion4.123•Option2)Theembodiedemissionfactorforeachfueltypecanbecalculatedusingregionalcompliancemarket-approvedmethodsorequivalent(e.g.,CA-GREETintheCaliforniaLowCarbonFuelStandard4andGHGeniusintheBritishColombiaRenewableandLowCarbonFuelRequirementsRegulation5;or•Option3)Emissionfactorspublishedinpeer-reviewedliterature5thatarerepresentativebothtemporallyandgeographicallyofthetransportplantoperation.Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Usethelatestdatapublishedbythesourcesatthetimeofreportingprojectemissions.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AnnualQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:Usethelatestdatapublishedbytheabovesourcesatthetimeofreportingprojectemissions.Inthecaseofpeer-reviewedliterature,theliteraturemusthavebeenpublishedwithinayearofreportingprojectemissions.ItmustbetemporallyandgeographicallyrepresentativeofthetransportfacilityPurposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:N/AComments:SeealsoSection0.Data/Parameter:𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙_𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑖,𝑦Dataunit:m3,KgorGJDescription:QuantityoffuelconsumedintheCogenerationunit4CA-GREET(https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/lcfs-life-cycle-analysis-models-and-documentation)isadaptedfromtheopen-sourceGreenhousegases,RegulatedEmissions,andEnergyuseinTechnologiesModel(https://greet.es.anl.gov/)fromArgonneNationalLaboratory(https://www.anl.gov/)basedoutofLemont,IllionisintheUnitedStates.5GHGenius(https://www.ghgenius.ca/index.php/modelling-resources/about-ghgenius)isanopen-sourceLCAmodeldevelopedandmaintainedby(S&T)SquaredConsultantsInc.andcanbeusedtoanalyzetheemissionsofmanycontaminantsassociatedwiththeproductionanduseoftraditionalandalternativetransportationsfuels.Module:VCSVersion4.124Equations(5)Sourceofdata:Fuelreceipts/invoicesorflowmeterreadings,asapplicableDescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Measuredfromflowmetersorcalculatedfromfuelreceipts/invoices.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AggregatedannuallyQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:Flowmetersmustbeoperatedwithinthemanufacturer'sspecifiedoperatingconditionsatalltimes.Flowmetersmustberoutinelycalibrated,inspected,andmaintainedaccordingtothemanufacturer'sspecifications.Purposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:SeeaboveComments:Invoicesand/orcontractswiththethirdpartyhavetobeinplacetoallowproperdatacollection.Data/Parameter:𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑦Dataunit:MWhDescription:QuantityofusefulheatconsumedbythetransportmoduleEquations(5)Sourceofdata:Utilityreceipts/invoicesormetereddataforheatusage.Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Measuredfromcalorimetersorcalculatedfromreceipts/invoices.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AggregatedannuallyQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:Calorimetermustberoutinelycalibrated,inspected,andmaintainedaccordingtomanufacturerspecifications.Module:VCSVersion4.125Purposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:SeeaboveComments:Invoicesand/orcontractswiththethirdpartyhavetobeinplacetoallowproperdatacollection.Data/Parameter:𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑦Dataunit:MWhDescription:QuantityofelectricityconsumedbythetransportmoduleEquations(5)Sourceofdata:Utilityreceipts/invoicesormetereddataforelectricityuse.Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Measuredfromelectricitymetersorcalculatedfromreceipts/invoices.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AggregatedannuallyQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:Electricitymetersmustberoutinelycalibrated,inspected,andmaintainedaccordingtomanufacturerspecifications.Purposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:SeeaboveComments:Invoicesand/orcontractswiththethirdpartyhavetobeinplacetoallowproperdatacollection.Data/Parameter:𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑦Dataunit:MWhDescription:QuantityoftotalusefulheatproducedbytheCogenerationunitEquations(5)Sourceofdata:Utilityreceipts/invoicesormetereddataforheatproduced.Module:VCSVersion4.126Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Directmeasurementofsteamflows(orotherheattransferfluid)andcharacteristicsatthecogenerationfacilitytakingintoconsiderationenergycontentinsteamandcondensatereturn.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AggregatedannuallyQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:Calorimetersmustberoutinelycalibrated,inspected,andmaintainedaccordingtomanufacturerspecifications.Purposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:SeeaboveComments:Invoicesand/orcontractswiththethirdpartyhavetobeinplacetoallowproperdatacollection.Data/Parameter:𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑦Dataunit:MWhDescription:QuantityofelectricityproducedbytheCogenerationunitEquations(5)Sourceofdata:Utilityreceipts/invoicesormetereddata.Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Measuredfromelectricitymetersorcalculatedfromreceipts/invoices.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AggregatedannuallyQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:Invoicesand/orcontractswiththethirdpartyPurposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:SeeaboveComments:Invoicesand/orcontractswiththethirdpartyhavetobeinplacetoallowproperdatacollection.Module:VCSVersion4.127Data/Parameter:𝑄𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑦Dataunit:MWhDescription:QuantityofelectricityconsumedbythetransportmoduleEquations(6)and(13Sourceofdata:Utilityreceipts/invoicesormetereddataforoff-griduse.Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Measuredfromelectricitymetersorcalculatedfromreceipts/invoices.Engineeringestimatesbasedonequipmentsizeandmanufacturerefficiencyestimatescanbeusedforequipmentwhereitcanbedemonstratedthatthespecificelectricityconsumptionoftheequipmentislessthan1%ofthetotalelectricityconsumption.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AggregatedannuallyQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:Electricitymetersmustberoutinelycalibrated,inspected,andmaintainedaccordingtomanufacturerspecifications.Purposeofdata:CalculationofprojectandleakageemissionsCalculationmethod:Theelectricityconsumptionmustbeadjustedasfollows:Fortransportviatrucks,rail,orships,thedistancemustconsiderbothoutboundandemptyreturntrips.Ifanotherfreightistransportedonthereturntrip,thenthedistanceassociatedwiththereturntripneednotbeaccountedfor.ThecompanysupplyingortransportingtheCO2shouldprovidedatatotheprojectproponentaboutthemode(s)oftransportationused,thetotalnumberoftonnesdelivered,andthetotaldistancetraveled.Wherethetransportationprocessincursstopsthatarenotpartofthedirecttrip,theiraddeddistancesmustbeincluded(e.g.,ashiptransportingCO2thatdetourstocollectanothercargofromanothersitebeforearrivingatthestoragesite).Comments:Data/Parameter:𝐸𝐹𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚_𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐Dataunit:tCO2e/MWhModule:VCSVersion4.128Description:EmissionsfactorforelectricitygenerationincludingupstreamemissionsfromelectricitygenerationandtransportEquations(13Sourceofdata:Thefollowingdatasourcesmaybeused:1)Forgridelectricityconsumption,regionalemissionfactorsfromCompliancetools,anddatapublishedbyStateorNationalgovernmentmustbeused.Examplesofsuchtools/sourcesarelistedinAppendixIofVMD00XX:CO2CapturefromAir(DirectAirCapture).2)Renewableenergy(i.e.wind,solar,hydro)fromadedicated/off-gridcaptivesourceisdeemedtohavenoemissions.3)Forelectricityconsumptionfromadedicatedgeothermalpowerplant,CO2emissionsfromthereleaseofnon-condensablegasesmustbeconsideredintheemissionfactorasprovidedbytheoperatorofthegeothermalpowerplant.Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Inlinewithdatasourcesused.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AnnualQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:Usethelatestpublisheddataortoolsbythesourcesatthetimeofreportingprojectemissions.Purposeofdata:CalculationofleakageemissionsCalculationmethod:N/AComments:Data/Parameter:𝐷𝑡,𝑦Dataunit:Kilometer(km)Description:Tripdistancetraveledbythetransportsegmenttintheyearywithinthemoduleboundarydefinedinsection5.1.Equations(7)Sourceofdata:DeterminedforeachCO2transportationsegmentforareferencetripusingthevehicleodometerorequivalentmeasurementdevice.(e.g.,Module:VCSVersion4.129usinghandheld/mountedglobalpositioningsystems(GPS)),onlinesources(maps)Descriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Fortransportviatrucks,rail,orships,thedistancemustconsiderbothoutboundandemptyreturntrips.Ifanotherfreightistransportedonthereturntrip,thenthedistanceassociatedwiththereturntripneednotbeaccountedfor.ThecompanysupplyingortransportingtheCO2shouldprovidedatatotheprojectproponentaboutthemode(s)oftransportationused,thetotalnumberoftonnesdelivered,andthetotaldistancetraveled.Wherethetransportationprocessincursstopsthatarenotpartofthedirecttrip,theiraddeddistancesmustbeincluded(e.g.,ashiptransportingCO2thatdetourstocollectanothercargofromanothersitebeforearrivingatthestoragesite).Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:Continuous.Ifthemodeoftransportoriginanddestinationarethesame,thedistancebetweentheoriginandthedestinationcanbemultipliedbythetotalnumberoftripstakenduringthemonitoringperiod.QA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:•Tobeupdatedwhenthedistancechanges.•Devices(suchasodometersand,GPS)usedshouldbecalibratedasperthemanufacturer’sspecifications.•Whenusingonlinesources(e.g.,maps),thedistancebetweenthestart/enddestinationisnotlessthantheactualdistance.Purposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:Whendistancesaremeasuredthroughdevicessuchasodometers,thedistanceisthedifferencebetweenreadingsatthestartofthemoduleboundaryandthereadingattheendofthemoduleboundary.Comments:ApplicableonlytoOptionBandwhentheprojectemissionsfromtransportmodes(trucks,ships,andrail)areseparatefromemissionstooperateintermediatestorageandotherequipment.Data/Parameter:𝑀𝐶𝑂2𝑇𝑟𝑎,𝑚,𝑦Dataunit:Tonnes(t)Description:MassofCO2transportedbyeachmodeoftransportEquations(7)Sourceofdata:MeasurementDescriptionofmeasurementmethodsMassofCO2:AsperthecriteriaandproceduresestablishedinVM00XX:MethodologyforCarbonCaptureandStorageWhenCO2istransportedincontainers/tanksthatarenotpartofthemodeoftransportused(e.g.,atraintransportingCO2inacontainerModule:VCSVersion4.130andprocedurestobeapplied:attachedtothetrain),theweightofthecontainer/tankmustbeincludedinthetotalmasstransported.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:ContinuousQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:AsperthecriteriaandproceduresestablishedinVM00XX:MethodologyforCarbonCaptureandStorageCalculatedand/orreplacedperthemanufacturer'sspecificationsPurposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:AsperthecriteriaandproceduresestablishedinVM00XX:MethodologyforCarbonCaptureandStorageComments:ApplicableonlytoOptionBandwhentrucks,ships,andrailareused.Thisisnotapplicabletotransportviapipeline.Data/Parameter:𝑇𝑠,𝑦Dataunit:hoursDescription:Hours(h)forwhichtheintermediatestoragesisusedinyearyEquations(8Sourceofdata:MeasurementDescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:Thetimeofintermediatestorageusedfortheprojectactivities.Timeinminutesmustalwaysberoundeduptothenexthour.E.g.,1hour10minsmustbeconsideredas2hours.Whentheexactnumberofhoursthatintermediatestorageisusedcannotbedetermined,thedefaultassumptionisthattheintermediatestoragehasoperatedthroughouttheyear.Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:AggregatedyearlyQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:N/APurposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:-Comments:-Module:VCSVersion4.1318REFERENCESAmericanCarbonRegistry(2021):Methodologyforthequantification,monitoring,reportingandverificationofgreenhousegasemissionsreductionsandremovalsfromcarboncaptureandstorageprojects,availableat:https://americancarbonregistry.org/carbon-accounting/standards-methodologies/carbon-capture-and-storage-in-oil-and-gas-reservoirs/acr-ccs-v1-1-new-format.pdfCaliforniaAirResourcesBoard(2018):CarbonCaptureandSequestrationProtocolundertheLowCarbonFuelStandard.https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/carbon-capture-sequestrationEU(2009),Directive2009/31/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof23April2009onthegeologicalstorageofcarbondioxideandamendingCouncilDirective85/337/EEC,EuropeanParliamentandCouncilDirectives2000/60/EC,2001/80/EC,2004/35/EC,2006/12/EC,2008/1/ECandRegulation(EC)No1013/2006(1).OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion2009;L140:114-35EUCommission(2022):ImpactAssessmentReportPart1/2andPart2/2.AccompanyingdocumentstoProposalforaRegulationoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilestablishingaUnioncertificationframeworkforcarbonremovals,EUCommissionStaffWorkingDocument.Brussels.EUR-Lex-52022SC0377-EN-EUR-Lex(europa.eu)ForbesSarahM.;VermaPreeti;CurryThomasE.;FriedmannS.Julio;WadeSarahM.(2008):GuidelinesforCarbonCapture,TransportandStorage,WorldResourcesInstitute,Washingtonhttps://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/pdf/ccs_guidelines.pdfIETA(2022):High-LevelCriteriaforCarbonGeostorageActivities.ProvisionalVersion1.0.PowerPointPresentation(ieta.org)IPCC(2005):IPCCSpecialReportonCarbonDioxideCaptureandStorage.PreparedbyWorkingGroupIIIoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange[Metz,B.O.Davidson,H.C.deConinck,M.Loos,andL.A.Meyer(eds.)].CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,UnitedKingdomandNewYork,NY,USA,442pp.Availableat:https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/srccs_wholereport-1.pdfInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(2017):ISO/TR27915:2017Carbondioxidecapture,transportationandgeologicalstorage—Quantificationandverification.Geneva,Switzerland.MikeMcCormick,CenterForClimateandEnergySolutions(2012):AGreenhouseGasAccountingFrameworkforCarbonCaptureandStorageProjects.https://www.c2es.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/CCS-framework.pdfSimsR.,R.Schaeffer,F.Creutzig,X.Cruz-Núñez,M.D’Agosto,D.Dimitriu,M.J.FigueroaMeza,L.Fulton,S.Kobayashi,O.Lah,A.McKinnon,P.Newman,M.Ouyang,J.J.Schauer,D.Sperling,andG.Tiwari,2014:Transport.In:ClimateChange2014:MitigationofClimateChange.ContributionofWorkingGroupIIItotheFifthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange[Edenhofer,O.,R.Pichs-Madruga,Y.Sokona,E.Farahani,S.Kadner,K.Seyboth,A.Adler,I.Baum,S.Brunner,P.Eickemeier,B.Kriemann,J.Savolainen,S.Module:VCSVersion4.132Schlömer,C.vonStechow,T.ZwickelandJ.C.Minx(eds.)].CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,UnitedKingdomandNewYork,NY,USA.U.S.DOE.(2022).BestPracticesforLifeCycleAssessment(LCA)ofDirectAirCapturewithStorage(DACS).U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,OfficeofFossilEnergyandCarbonManagement.https://www.energy.gov/fecm/best-practices-LCA-DACSU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)(2010):GeneralTechnicalSupportDocumentforInjectionandGeologicSequestrationofCarbonDioxide:SubpartsRRandUUGreenhouseGasReportingProgram.OfficeofAirandRadiation.WorldBusinessCouncilforSustainableDevelopmentandWorldResourcesInstitute(2005).TheGreenhouseGasProtocol:TheGHGProtocolforProjectAccounting,availableat:https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/ghg_project_accounting.pdf
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