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Accelerating the

Decarbonization of Buildings:

The Net-Zero Carbon Cities

Building Value Framework

BRIEFING PAPER

JANUARY 2022

In collaboration

with Accenture

Contents

Executive summary

Introduction

1 The role of buildings in combatting climate change

2 The Building Value Framework

3 Key insights

4 Practical application of the framework

Conclusion

Contributors

Acknowledgements

Endnotes

Images: Getty Images

reserved. No part of this publication may

be reproduced or transmitted in any form

or by any means, including photocopying

and recording, or by any information

storage and retrieval system.

Disclaimer

This document is published by the

World Economic Forum as a contribution

to a project, insight area or interaction.

The ﬁndings, interpretations and

conclusions expressed herein are a result

of a collaborative process facilitated and

endorsed by the World Economic Forum

but whose results do not necessarily

represent the views of the World Economic

Forum, nor the entirety of its Members,

Partners or other stakeholders.

Accelerating the Decarbonization of Buildings: The Net-Zero Carbon Cities Building Value Framework 2

With over half of the world’s population living in

cities and producing over 70% of carbon emissions,

cities play a key role in combatting climate change.

Construction and the operation of buildings are

responsible for 38% of global emissions, and there

is an urgent need for solutions to help accelerate

the decarbonization of the urban built environment

to limit the global temperature rise to below 1.5°C.

Although some leaders in sustainable buildings

have started to consider social and environmental

impacts in their decision-making, many obstacles

to investment in net-zero buildings still relate to

ﬁnancing, both real and perceived. The World

Economic Forum’s Net-Zero Carbon Cities Building

Value Framework seeks to accelerate investment by

overcoming these barriers.

The framework proposes that a more holistic

decision-making approach, which recognizes the

importance of social and environmental outcomes

and system performance, is key to increasing

capital ﬂow towards decarbonization solutions. The

framework guides decision-makers to connect non-

ﬁnancial beneﬁts such as “user satisfaction” and

“systemic value efﬁciency” and correlate them with

reducing risk or increasing return on investments.

The Building Value Framework has been developed

and validated through case studies to understand

the investment decisions and evaluate outcomes in

real projects. From this process, key insights and a

practical checklist (focusing on reducing operational

emissions) have emerged to maximize value

creation, as illustrated through the presented cases.

– First, it is vital to invest in decarbonizing

technologies and combine them to optimize

impact. For example, the Belgian real estate

company Extensa used complementary

solar and geothermal technologies to

renovate and refurbish an old railway station

in Brussels. This project demonstrates

how bundling these technologies greatly

impacts ﬂexibility and system resilience.

– Second, investment in digital can maximize

the beneﬁts of decarbonizing technologies. In

a case study from Turin, Italy, a municipality,

in collaboration with Enel X, a leading smart

energy service provider, retroﬁtted municipal

buildings for energy efﬁciency and on-site

renewable generation. Integrating these

with a digital platform added value to the

project by enabling data-driven management

decisions across the municipal system.

– Third, investing in city ecosystem services

and equipping buildings with distributed

renewable power generation, storage and

smart energy management solutions can

enhance local resilience and accelerate

decarbonization across cities without the

need for disruptive grid upgrades.

The ﬂexibility of the Building Value Framework means

it can be used for the retroﬁt and refurbishment

of existing buildings, as well as for the construction

of new buildings. It can be applied in diverse

contexts across different types of building assets

and used at any point on the investment planning

and decarbonization timeline.

The urgency to transition the world’s cities towards

a net-zero carbon future is abundantly clear. The

Building Value Framework presents an approach

to help accelerate the investments needed to

deliver a greener urban built environment.

Executive summary

The transition to a greener built

environment requires a shift in how

value is deﬁned and perceived.

Accelerating the

Decarbonization of Buildings:

The Net-Zero Carbon Cities

Building Value Framework

January 2022

The Building

Value Framework

can be applied in

diverse contexts

across different

types of building

assets and used

at any point in

the investment

planning and

decarbonization

timeline.

Accelerating the Decarbonization of Buildings: The Net-Zero Carbon Cities Building Value Framework 3

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AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFrameworkBRIEFINGPAPERJANUARY2022IncollaborationwithAccentureContentsExecutivesummaryIntroduction1Theroleofbuildingsincombattingclimatechange2TheBuildingValueFramework3Keyinsights4PracticalapplicationoftheframeworkConclusionContributorsAcknowledgementsEndnotes34567911121315Images:GettyImages©2022WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.DisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders.AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework2Withoverhalfoftheworld’spopulationlivingincitiesandproducingover70%ofcarbonemissions,citiesplayakeyroleincombattingclimatechange.Constructionandtheoperationofbuildingsareresponsiblefor38%ofglobalemissions,andthereisanurgentneedforsolutionstohelpacceleratethedecarbonizationoftheurbanbuiltenvironmenttolimittheglobaltemperaturerisetobelow1.5°C.Althoughsomeleadersinsustainablebuildingshavestartedtoconsidersocialandenvironmentalimpactsintheirdecision-making,manyobstaclestoinvestmentinnet-zerobuildingsstillrelatetofinancing,bothrealandperceived.TheWorldEconomicForum’sNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFrameworkseekstoaccelerateinvestmentbyovercomingthesebarriers.Theframeworkproposesthatamoreholisticdecision-makingapproach,whichrecognizestheimportanceofsocialandenvironmentaloutcomesandsystemperformance,iskeytoincreasingcapitalflowtowardsdecarbonizationsolutions.Theframeworkguidesdecision-makerstoconnectnon-financialbenefitssuchas“usersatisfaction”and“systemicvalueefficiency”andcorrelatethemwithreducingriskorincreasingreturnoninvestments.TheBuildingValueFrameworkhasbeendevelopedandvalidatedthroughcasestudiestounderstandtheinvestmentdecisionsandevaluateoutcomesinrealprojects.Fromthisprocess,keyinsightsandapracticalchecklist(focusingonreducingoperationalemissions)haveemergedtomaximizevaluecreation,asillustratedthroughthepresentedcases.–First,itisvitaltoinvestindecarbonizingtechnologiesandcombinethemtooptimizeimpact.Forexample,theBelgianrealestatecompanyExtensausedcomplementarysolarandgeothermaltechnologiestorenovateandrefurbishanoldrailwaystationinBrussels.Thisprojectdemonstrateshowbundlingthesetechnologiesgreatlyimpactsflexibilityandsystemresilience.–Second,investmentindigitalcanmaximizethebenefitsofdecarbonizingtechnologies.InacasestudyfromTurin,Italy,amunicipality,incollaborationwithEnelX,aleadingsmartenergyserviceprovider,retrofittedmunicipalbuildingsforenergyefficiencyandon-siterenewablegeneration.Integratingthesewithadigitalplatformaddedvaluetotheprojectbyenablingdata-drivenmanagementdecisionsacrossthemunicipalsystem.–Third,investingincityecosystemservicesandequippingbuildingswithdistributedrenewablepowergeneration,storageandsmartenergymanagementsolutionscanenhancelocalresilienceandacceleratedecarbonizationacrosscitieswithouttheneedfordisruptivegridupgrades.TheflexibilityoftheBuildingValueFrameworkmeansitcanbeusedfortheretrofitandrefurbishmentofexistingbuildings,aswellasfortheconstructionofnewbuildings.Itcanbeappliedindiversecontextsacrossdifferenttypesofbuildingassetsandusedatanypointontheinvestmentplanninganddecarbonizationtimeline.Theurgencytotransitiontheworld’scitiestowardsanet-zerocarbonfutureisabundantlyclear.TheBuildingValueFrameworkpresentsanapproachtohelpacceleratetheinvestmentsneededtodeliveragreenerurbanbuiltenvironment.ExecutivesummaryThetransitiontoagreenerbuiltenvironmentrequiresashiftinhowvalueisdefinedandperceived.AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFrameworkJanuary2022TheBuildingValueFrameworkcanbeappliedindiversecontextsacrossdifferenttypesofbuildingassetsandusedatanypointintheinvestmentplanninganddecarbonizationtimeline.AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework3IntroductionTheWorldEconomicForum’sNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesprogrammeaimstoacceleratethetransformationofurbanecosystemstowardsamoresustainable,resilientandequitablefuturethroughintegratedsolutionsthataddressenergy,buildingsandmobility.Iftheworldistokeeppacewithlimitingtheglobaltemperaturerisetobelow1.5ºCcomparedtopre-industriallevels,atransitiontoacleanelectrifiedworldisneeded.Buildingsaccountforupto38%ofglobalcarbonemissions.Reducingemissionsintheurbanbuiltenvironmentwillthereforebeacriticalstrategytomeetthischallenge,andmoreinvestmentisneededinrelevantsolutions,rangingfromelectrificationtoenergyefficiency,frommoredigitalizationtobetterweatherization.TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFrameworkseekstoacceleratethistransformationoftheurbanbuiltenvironmentbyelevatingthetangentialbenefitsthatareoftenqualitativeinnatureandhelpingcorrelatethesewiththereturnoninvestmentingreenbuildings.Thisapproachproposesthatintegratingtheholisticvalueofinvestmentsinthedecision-makingprocesscouldincreasecapitalflowstowardsdecarbonizingprojectsandsolutions.Thisframeworkanditsaccompanyingrecommendationsarepresentedastoolsthatassetownersandinvestorsfromthepublicandprivatesectorscanuseincapitalinvestmentdecisions.AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework4Theroleofbuildingsincombattingclimatechange1Citiesarethefrontlineinloweringglobalcarbonemissions.Overhalfoftheworld’spopulationliveincities,accountingforover70%ofCO2emissions.1Buildingsarethelargestcontributortoemissionsincities,responsiblefor50-70%ofcityemissionsand38%ofglobalemissions.2Roughly75%ofbuildingemissionsareoperationalemissionsgeneratedfrombuildingsystems(e.g.heating,ventilationandairconditioning,lightingandITservers).Theremaining25%comeintheformofembodiedemissions–carbongeneratedfromthemanufactureofbuildingmaterials,constructionandinternalfurnishings.3Astheworldstrivestowardsanet-zeroeconomy,allbuildingsmustbecomenetzerobydesign.ThestepsneededtodeliverthisoutcomeareoutlinedintheGreenBuildingPrinciples:TheActionPlanforNet-ZeroCarbonBuildings.Duetotherelativelackofnet-zerobuildingsinexistence(fewerthan1%ofbuildingsworldwidearenet-zero),4adoptingscalablesolutionstotransformurbanbuildingstockisurgentlyneeded.Thecurrentpaceofeconomicgrowthandpopulationriseinemergingeconomieswillleadtoadoublingofglobalbuildingfloorspacefromnewconstructionoverthenext40years.5Netzerobydesignisnotlimitedtonewconstruction,as80%ofallbuildingsthatwillexistin2050alreadyexisttoday.6Retrofitandrefurbishmentprojectsarecriticalinthemovementtodecarbonize.InEurope,between1-1.5%ofallbuildingstockisbeingrenovatedeveryyear.However,tomeetthegoalsoftheParisAgreement,therateofrenovationneedstoreach2-5%ayear.7Net-zerobuildingsareanessentialtoolinachievingglobalemissionsgoals.Inaddition,asenergysystemsevolvetowardsnetzero,buildingswillplayalargerroleintheenergysystem.Matchingelectricitysupplytodemandisabalancingactandbuildingscanhostnewdistributedresources,storepowerandoptimizedemandtohelpstrikethisbalance.Buildingsarethelargestcontributortoemissionsincities–responsiblefor50-70%ofcityemissionsand38%ofglobalemissions.AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework5TheBuildingValueFramework2Althoughtraditionalfinancialoutcomeshavehistoricallydriveninvestmentdecisionsinthebuildingecosystem,manyindustryleadersareincreasinglyrecognizingnon-financialconsiderations8andareoftenincludingoutcomessuchasenvironmentalandsocialimpactsinbuildingconstruction,valuationandacquisitiondecisions.However,theWorldGreenBuildingCouncil’srecentBeyondtheBusinessCasereporthasfoundthatthreeofthetopfivemostsubstantialobstaclestoinvestmentinsustainablebuildingsstillrelatetofinancing,with53%ofrespondentscitinghigherupfrontcosts,eitherrealorperceived,asthebiggestbarrier.TheBuildingValueFramework9helpstacklethisbarrierbycontextualizingthevalueofsustainablebuildingstoincludeenvironmentalandsocialbenefits,aswellasimprovementstosystemperformance.Itaimstoacceleratedecarbonizationinvestmentsbychangingtheperceptionoftheholisticvalueandbenefitofthoseinvestmentsforkeydecision-makersacrossthebuildinglifecycle.Theframeworkguidesdecision-makerstolinktheseholisticperformanceoutcomestoareductioninriskoranincreaseinreturnoninvestment.Forinstance,increasedusersatisfactioninagreenbuildingmaylinktolowerrisksofvacancyandhigherrentsbyattractingtenantswillingtopayforhigherstandards.10Inanalysingeachcasestudy,weask:Whatrisksarereducedthroughtheseoutcomes?Whatreturnsaregeneratedthroughtheseoutcomes?UsersatisfactionImprovehealth,well-beingandproductivitySocio-economicimprovementEnhancejobcreationLowerenergycoststoconsumersAssetoutcomesCityoutcomesEmissionsreductionMinimizeembodiedcarbonMinimizeoperatingcarbonMaximizeuseoflocallygeneratedcleanelectricityEnvironmentalimprovementMinimizewaterwastageMinimizewasteIncreasebiodiversitySystemicvalueefﬁciencyImproveefﬁciencyIncreaseﬂexibilityImproveinteroperabilityImproveresilienceImprovegridservicesSource:WorldEconomicForum,Net-ZeroCarbonCities:BuildingValueFrameworkTheBuildingValueFrameworkevaluatessocial,economic,environmentalandenergysystemoutcomesresultingfrominvestmentsindecarbonizationsolutionsFIGURE1AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework6Keyinsights3Theaboveframeworkwasusedtoevaluatethevalueofseveralreal-lifeexamples.Threekeyinsightsemergedtomaximizevaluecreation:InvestindecarbonizationtechnologiesandbundleforimpactTechnologiessuchasheatpumps,distributedrenewableelectricityandstoragecanhaveagreateraggregateimpactonemissionsreductionwhenimplementedtogetherratherthanindividually.Forexample,distributedenergygenerationismoreimpactfulwhencombinedwithstoragethanwhendeployedalone.InvestindigitalBuildingsthatareequippedtooperationalizedata(suchasthatforenergyuseandemissions)andconnectsystemswithinabuildingtoenablesmartoptimizationwillbemorefuture-proof.Digitalanddatafluencywillamplifytheimpactoflow-carbontechnologyinterventionsthroughenhancedoperationaldecisionsupportorautomaticcontrolsofbuildingmanagementsystems.Theuseofdigitaltwinscanimprovedecisionmodellingandefficiencyduringconstruction,operationandmaintenance.InvestincityecosystemservicesBuildingscanbeacornerstoneoftransportandenergydecarbonizationbyprovidingservicestothebroadercityecosystem.Thosebuildingsequippedwithdistributedrenewablegeneration,storageandsmartenergymanagementsolutionscancontributedemandorfrequencyresponseservicesthatacceleratecity-widedecarbonizationbyofferingsolutionsthatdonotrequiredisruptivegridupgrades.Co-sitingsmartchargingforelectricvehicleswithmulti-residenceorcommercialbuildingscanprovidegridservicesaswellascontributetothedecarbonizationofindividualvehicletransportation.Astate-of-the-artsustainableofficebuildingattheheartofalocallyself-reliantenergycommunity:GareMaritime,Brussels,BelgiumCASESTUDY1HighlightingthekeyinsightswithcasestudiesTheBelgianrealestatecompanyExtensaconvertedanoldrailwaystationinBrusselsintoastate-of-the-artmixed-usebuilding.Theiraiminthisprojectwastoachievethehighestsustainabilitystandardswhilepositioningthebuildingatthecentreofanup-and-comingdistrictwithalocallyself-reliantenergycommunity.Thisprojectclearlyillustratesthevalueofbundlingdecarbonizationtechnologiestomaximizeimpact.Theprojectincludedextensivelyrenovatingtheexistingindustrialrailwaystationandrefurbishing10,000m3innewwoodconstruction.Thisuseofalternativebuildingmaterialwithlowerembodiedcarbonsaved3,500tonnesofCO2comparedtoasimilarapplicationofconcrete,steelandaluminium.Extensafittedthedevelopmentwith10,000solarPVpanels,tengeothermalenergywells,two1,300m3rainwatercollectiontanksand3,000m2ofindoorgardens.Deployedindividually,eachoftheseinvestmentscanimprovethetargetedoutcomes.However,thebenefitsofeachinterventionaremultipliedwhencomplementarytechnologiesaredeployedtogether.Forinstance,solarPVandgeothermalwellsarecomplementarysolutions.Locallygeneratedcleanelectricitycombinedwithamoreenergy-efficientheatingandcoolingsystemminimizesoperatingemissions,lowersoperatingcostsandenablesnear-autonomyfromgridenergy.Takenalone,neithersolarnorgeothermaltechnologiescouldgeneratethesamebenefittosystemresilienceandflexibility.Similarly,thecombinedapplicationsofrainwaterharvestingandcultivatingindoorgreenspacecreateaclosed-loopsystemforirrigationthatminimizeswaterconsumptionandwaterwastewhileenhancingusersatisfactionbyprovidingapleasantenvironmentfortenants.AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework7Creatingasystemicallyandenergy-efficient,resilientbuildingportfoliobyenhancingdecarbonizationtechnologiesthroughadigitalplatform:SanMauroTorinese,Turin,ItalyThemunicipalityofSanMauroTorineseledaprojectwithEnelX,aleadingsmartenergyserviceprovider,toretrofitanddigitalizetheirportfolioofmunicipalbuildings.Theproject’smainobjectivesweretoreducemunicipaloperatingexpensesandincreaseenergyefficiencyatthebuildingandportfoliolevelswhilemaximizingthequalityoflifeforlocalresidents.Thisprojecthighlightshowtheapplicationofdigitaltechnologiescanunlockandleapfrogvaluecreationfromconventionalbuildingefficiencymeasuresbyimprovingtheoperationofsystemswithinbuildingsandsynchronizingoperationsacrossthebuildingportfolio.Themunicipalitydeployedretrofitsolutions,includingbuildinginsulation,LEDlightingforbuildingsandstreetlights,on-siterenewablegenerationandhybridheatingsystemswithgasboilersandheatpumps.Thesetechnologiesdeliveredonkeyoutcomesofimprovingenergyefficiencyandqualityofservicetoresidents,andinthecaseofstreetlighting,enhancingpublicsafety.Additionalvaluewascreatedbyintegratingasuiteofdigitaltools,includingmonitoringdevicesandsensorstocapturedataacrossdifferentsystems,andaninternet-of-thingsplatformtocollectandprocessa“singlesourceoftruth”.Atthebuildinglevel,automatedbuildingmanagementenabledpredictivemaintenance,whichreducedoperatingexpensesandmaintenancecosts.Atthesystemlevel,theuseofautomationanddataanalyticsacrossthebuildingportfolioenabledthemunicipalitytoprioritizemaintenanceissuesandoptimizeresourcedeploymenttoachieveabetterqualityofserviceforallresidents.CASESTUDY2AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework8Practicalapplicationoftheframework4Theframeworkcanevaluateboththenewconstructionandretrofitofexistingbuildings.Itisalsointendedtobeuniversallyapplicablefordifferenttypesofassetownersacrossdifferentassetcategoriesandbuildingtypes.Thisflexibleapproachcanbeadaptedtodifferentcontextstospotlightthemostimportantoutcomesineachproject.Forinstance,asocialhousingagencymayprioritize“usersatisfaction”and“socio-economicimprovement”,whereasacommercialbuildingownermaychoosetofocuson“systemicvalueefficiency”tocreateadditionalrevenuestreamsfromgridservices.Thethreekeyinsightareasderivedfromtheprojectcasestudiespresentapproachestomaximizeprojectvaluecreation.TheoperationalchecklistshowninFigure2servesasabasistohelpidentifyrelevantoptionsatthetimeofanyinvestmentplanning.Thesenineoperationalpointscanassistassetownerstoandinvestorstopracticallyachievethekeyinsights,especiallythosefocusingonreducingoperationalemissions.Theselectionofinvestments(singularorbundled)mayofcoursevaryaccordingtobuildingtypeorassetownerprofile.Thischecklistismeanttobeappliedacrossallbuildingassettypesatanystageoftheinvestmentplanninganddecarbonizationjourney.ElectrifywhatyoucanMakeuseofdistributedpowergenerationandsolarInstallactiveandpassiveenergyefﬁciencytechnologyDesigntosupportthegridandlocalenergycommunitiesContributetocleanmobilitybyinstallingsmartelectricvehiclechargingMonitorenergyconsumptionDesignfortheconnectivityandinteroperabilityofdeployedassetsOptimizeenergyusewithbuildingmanagementsystemsOptimizelifecycleefﬁciencywithbuildinginformationmodellingInvestindecarbonizationtechnologiesandbundleforimpactInvestindigitalKeyinsightsOperationalchecklistInvestincityecosystemservicesThreekeyinsightsdrawnfromcasestudiesaremappedtoanine-pointchecklistofpracticalconsiderationstoguidedecision-makersFIGURE2AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework9ConclusionTheBuildingValueFramework,keyinsightsfromcasestudiesandoperationalchecklistareuniversallyapplicableindiversecontexts.Thisflexibleapproachallowstheusertoadaptthetoolfordifferentcontextstohighlighttheprioritiesandoutcomedriversuniquetoeachproject.Thesetoolsareintendedtoserveaslivingproductsthatmayberevisitedandupdatedperiodicallyasneeded.Whiletheframework'sobjectivewillremainconstant,theoutcomesmaybeadjustedasglobalneedsandthecontextevolve.Theaccompanyingoperationalchecklistmaysimilarlybeupdatedaccordingtochangingtechnologicaldevelopmentsandcapabilitiesinthefuture.Theurgencytotransitiontheworld’scitiestowardsanet-zerocarbonfutureisabundantlyclear.TheBuildingValueFrameworkpresentsanapproachtohelpacceleratetheinvestmentsneededtodeliveragreenerurbanbuiltenvironment.MoredetailsaboutthisinitiativecanbefoundontheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFrameworkprojectpage.11AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework10ContributorsAccentureElizabethBurlonManagementConsultingManager,AccentureMaximilianDeitersManagementConsultant,AccentureAmirhosseinGhanbariManagementConsultingSeniorManager,AccentureSandaTuzlicIndustryExecutivePrincipal,AccentureWorldEconomicForumVincentMinierPlatformFellow,Energy,MaterialsandInfrastructureProgramme,WorldEconomicForum;Vice-President,GlobalStrategyProspectiveandExternalAffairs,SchneiderElectricKristenPaneraliHeadofEnergy,MaterialsandInfrastructureProgramme–Net-ZeroCarbonCities,WorldEconomicForumOliverTsaiPlatformCurator,Energy,MaterialsandInfrastructureProgramme–Net-ZeroCarbonCities,WorldEconomicForumAcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework11AcknowledgementsProjectteamAnnaAcanforaProjectFellow,Net-ZeroCarbonCities,WorldEconomicForumFarahAd’OulManagementConsultingManager,AccentureJohnnyHespDigitalBusIntegrationManager,AccenturePreranaPakhrinMisrahiProgramAnalyst,Energy,MaterialsandInfrastructureProgramme–NetZeroCarbonCities,WorldEconomicForumWiththankstothefollowingWorkingGroupmeetingandinterviewparticipants:NidhiBaiswarSustainabilityandClimateLeadershipDirector,JLLVictoriaBurrowsDirector,AdvancingNetZero,WorldGreenBuildingCouncilLisaBrylowskiVice-President,BusinessOperations–RealEstate,BrookfieldAssetManagementRebeccaCameronSeniorProfessionalOfficer,Net-ZeroCarbonBuiltEnvironment,CityofCapeTownGregClarkGlobalHead,FutureCitiesandNewIndustries,HSBCPatriciaEllendaSilvaSecretaryofEconomicDevelopment,GovernmentoftheStateofSãoPauloEszterGulacsyTechnicalDirectorandGlobalLeadforHealthyBuildings,MottMacDonaldBjörnHugossonChiefClimateOfficer,CityofStockholmSonalJainHeadofSustainability,WorkspaceGroupJeremyKellyResearchDirector,JLLGregoryKightDirectorofSustainability,JacobsZsoltKohalmiGlobalHeadofRealEstateandCo-ChiefExecutiveOfficer,PictetAlternativeAdvisorsSylvieLagiesHeadofESG/Sustainability,AroundtownDavidLevershaDirectorandNetZeroLeadforPropertyandBuildings,WSPPhoebeLewisSeniorSustainabilityConsultant,JLLSimoneMancaHeadofSmartandEfficientBuildings,EnelXJamesMandelManagingDirector,Sustainability,BlackstoneNicholasMangonVice-President,AECStrategy,AutodeskPhindileMaxitiCouncillor,CityofCapeTownJamesMiddlingGlobalSectorLeader,BuiltEnvironment,MottMacDonaldClayNeslerGlobalLead,BuildingsandEnergy,WorldResourcesInstituteRemiPaccouMarketingDirector,Digital&SustainableBuildings,SchneiderElectricAlexanderPiurHeadofInnovationandSustainability,RealEstateFinance&Infrastructure,INGCarloRattiDirector,SENSEableCityLaboratory,MITAcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework12StephenRichardsonDirector,EuropeRegionalNetwork,WorldGreenBuildingCouncilMateuszRivaKeyAccountManager,EnelXJasminRiveraDirector,DCASEnergyManagement,CityofNewYorkFrankRossenExecutiveDirector,CapitalMarkets,AroundtownParthaSarathyHeadofAssetManagement–RealEstate,PictetAlternativeAdvisorsJanShoemakerGlobalVice-President,Buildings,DanfossMartinaSimoniMarketingSpecialist,SmartCities,EnelXTomSmithGlobalDirector,PropertyandBuildings,WSPNishantSodhaniDirector,FutureCities&NewIndustries,HSBCJustinTravlosGlobalHead,ResponsibleInvestment,AXAIMRealAssetsCeesvanderSpekDirector,PublicAffairs&GlobalCorporateRelations,EDGEClareWildfireGlobalPracticeLead,Cities,MottMacDonaldAcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework13Endnotes1.InternationalEnergyAgency,WorldEnergyOutlook,2021,https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/888004cf-1a38-4716-9e0c-3b0e3fdbf609/WorldEnergyOutlook2021.pdf.2.Wei,T,Wu,JandChen,S,“KeepingTrackofGreenhouseGasEmissionReductionProgressandTargetsin167CitiesWorldwide”,FrontiersinSustainableCities,2021,https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2021.696381.3.WorldGreenBuildingCouncil,BringingEmbodiedCarbonUpfront,2019,https://www.worldgbc.org/embodied-carbon.4.WorldGreenBuildingCouncil,Everybuildingontheplanetmustbe‘netzerocarbon’by2050tokeepglobalwarmingbelow2°C-Newreport,https://www.worldgbc.org/news-media/every-building-planet-must-be-%E2%80%98net-zero-carbon%E2%80%99-2050-keep-global-warming-below-2%C2%B0c-new.5.WorldGreenBusinessCouncil,BeyondtheBusinessCase:Whyyoucan’taffordnottoinvestinasustainablebuiltenvironment,2021,https://viewer.ipaper.io/worldgbc/beyond-the-business-case/?page=12.6.“80%ofthebuildingsthatwillexistin2050alreadyexist”–Bringingnetzerotothemasses,PropertyWeek,17June2021,https://www.propertyweek.com/analysis-resi-and-data/80-of-the-buildings-that-will-exist-in-2050-already-exist-bringing-net-zero-to-the-masses/5114832.article.7.“With25%ofEurope’sGreenhouseEmissionscomingfromBuildings,ScientistsSuggestFundamentalPolicyChanges”,EuropeanAcademiesScienceAdvisoryCouncil,2June2021,https://easac.eu/media-room/press-releases/details/with-25-of-europes-greenhouse-emissions-coming-from-buildings-scientists-suggest-fundamental-policy-changes/.8.“Asurprisingwaytocutrealestatecosts”,JLL,2016,https://www.us.jll.com/en/trends-and-insights/workplace/a-surprising-way-to-cut-real-estatecosts.9.TheBuildingValueFrameworkhasbeendevelopedthroughexecutiveworkinggroupconsultationandvalidatedthroughmultiplecasestudiesofsustainablebuildingprojectswithindustry-recognizedstandardssuchasLEEDPlatinumandBREEAMExcellent,amongotherratingsandperformancestandards.10.JLL,DecarbonizingtheBuiltEnvironment,2021,https://www.jll.co.uk/en/trends-and-insights/research/decarbonizing-the-built-environment.11.WorldEconomicForum,Net-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework,nodate,www.weforum.org/nzcc/building-value-framework.AcceleratingtheDecarbonizationofBuildings:TheNet-ZeroCarbonCitiesBuildingValueFramework14WorldEconomicForum91–93routedelaCapiteCH-1223Cologny/GenevaSwitzerlandTel.:+41(0)228691212Fax:+41(0)227862744contact@weforum.orgwww.weforum.orgTheWorldEconomicForum,committedtoimprovingthestateoftheworld,istheInternationalOrganizationforPublic-PrivateCooperation.TheForumengagestheforemostpolitical,businessandotherleadersofsocietytoshapeglobal,regionalandindustryagendas.

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