InpartnershipwithStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202372ndeditionTheEnergyInstitute(EI)StatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy™analysesdataonworldenergymarketsfromtheprioryear.TheReviewhasbeenprovidingtimely,comprehensiveandobjectivedatatotheenergycommunitysince1952.DiscovermoreonlineAllthetablesandchartsfoundintheprintededitionareavailableatenergyinst.org/statistical-reviewplusanumberofextras,including:•Theenergychartingtool–viewpredeterminedreportsorchartspecificdataaccordingtoenergytype,region,countryandyear.•Historicaldatafrom1965formanysections.Additionalcountryandregionalcoverageforallconsumptiontables.•AnExcelworkbookanddatabaseformatofthedata.DownloadtheEnergyStatisticalReviewappExploretheworldofenergyfromyourtabletorsmartphone.Customisechartsandperformcalculations.Reviewthedataonlineandoffline.DownloadtheappforfreefromtheAppleAppStoreandGooglePlayStore.AppleAppStoreGooglePlayStore.EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy20231EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy20231Introduction2Foreword32022Keyhighlights42022KeychartsPrimaryenergy8Consumption9Consumptionbyfuel11ConsumptionpercapitaCarbon12Carbondioxideemissionsfromenergy13Naturalgas:flaring14CarbondioxideequivalentemissionsOil15Production19Consumption24Prices25Refining27TrademovementsNaturalgas30Production32Consumption34Prices37TrademovementsCoal39Production40Trademovements42ConsumptionNuclearenergy43ConsumptionHydroelectricity44ConsumptionRenewableenergy45Consumption46Generation47Generationbysource48Solarcapacity49Windcapacity50Biofuelsproduction51BiofuelsconsumptionElectricity52Generation53GenerationbyfuelKeyminerals54Production54Reserves55PricesMethodology56MoredetailonthemethodologyAppendices58Approximateconversionfactors59Definitions60MoreinformationForewordForewordPublishingthe72ndStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergyisasignificantmomentfortheEnergyInstitute(EI).Asthecharteredprofessionalmembershipbodyforpeoplewhoworkacrosstheworldofenergy,theEIanditsprecursorbodiesdatebackmorethanacentury.Thismajoradditiontoourbodyofworkunderpinsourdeterminationtobringthebestevidencetobearinthevitaldecisionsmadebythebusinesscommunity,policymakersandacademicsinenergy.WithourpartnersKPMGandKearney,thecontinuinginvolvementofHeriot-WattUniversityandwithenormousthankstobpforsevendecades’workbuildingoneoftheworld’smostrespectedenergydatasources,weareopeninganewchapterinthestoryoftheStatisticalReview.Itcontinuestobefull,firstandfree:thefullest,mostreliableaccountofenergyproduction,consumption,tradeandemissions;thefirstdatasourcetoprovideacompleteglobalpictureofthepreviousyear;andcompletelyfreetoaccessforusers.Thisyearmorethanever,itprovidesinsightintohowourenergysystemsareadaptingtoescalatingenvironmentalandgeopoliticalcrises.Thedatashedlightonayearinenergydefinedbythreecriseslayeredoneontopoftheother–onsupply,priceandclimate.Justastheworldemergedfromthehugeimpactonenergydemandcausedbytheglobalpandemic,2022witnessedenergymarketsagainincrisis,asRussia’sinvasionofUkraineupendedassumptionsaboutsupplyandsentoutripplesaroundtheworld.Thatinturnprecipitatedapricecrisisandprofoundcost-of-livingpressuresacrossmanyeconomies.Morefundamentally,wehaveseenfurtherandevermoredangerousimpactsofclimatechangeacrossallcontinents.Anddespitebroadconsensusontheneedtoreachnetzero,globalenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissionsarestillheadinginthewrongdirection.TheStatisticalReviewprovidesahighlevelviewoftheglobalenergysystem,ofhowglobalmarketsarefaringunderthesepressures,andhowtheenergytransitionisevolving.AttheEI,theStatisticalReviewhasanew,long-term,independenthome.Userswillfindallofthefamiliarelements–bothinprintandonline.Welookforwardtoworkingwiththeusercommunitytoensureitstaysrelevantasweworktogethertoacceleratethetransitiontoacleaner,moresecureenergyfuture.Thisyearmorethanever,itprovidesinsightintohowourenergysystemsareadaptingtoescalatingenvironmentalandgeopoliticalcrises.JulietDavenportOBEHonFEI,President,EnergyInstituteDrNickWaythCEngFEIFIMechE,CEO,EnergyInstituteBacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202332022KeyhighlightsWhilst2022sawenergydemandcontinuetorecoverfromtheCOVID-19pandemic,legacysupplychainissues,alongwithconflictinUkraine,continuedtoimpacttheglobalenergysector.Energydevelopments•2022sawa1%increaseintotalprimaryenergyconsumptiontakingittoaround3%abovethe2019pre-COVIDlevel.•Renewables’(excludinghydroelectricity)shareofprimaryenergyconsumptionreached7.5%,anincreaseofnearly1%overthepreviousyear.•Fossilfuelconsumptionasapercentageofprimaryenergyremainedsteadyat82%.Carbonemissions•Carbondioxideemissionsfromenergyuse,industrialprocesses,flaringandmethane(incarbondioxideequivalentterms)continuedtorisetoanewhighgrowing0.8%in2022to39.3GtCO2e,withemissionsfromenergyuserising0.9%to34.4GtCO2e.•Incontrast,carbondioxideemissionsfromflaringdecreasedby3.8%andemissionsfrommethaneandindustrialprocessesdecreasedby0.2%.Oil•Brentcrudeoilpricesaveraged$101/bblin2022,itshighestlevelsince2013.•Oilconsumptioncontinuedtoincrease,risingby2.9millionbarrelsperday(b/d)to97.3millionbarrelsperday(b/d),asmallerincreasethanwasseenbetween2020and2021.Consumptionremained0.7%below2019levels.•Regionally,OECDconsumptionincreasedby1.4millionb/dandnon-OECDby1.5millionb/d.Mostofthegrowthcamefromjet/kerosene(0.9millionb/d)anddiesel/gasoil(0.7millionb/d).•Globaloilproductionincreasedby3.8millionb/din2022,withOPEC+accountingformorethan60%oftheincrease.Amongallcountries,SaudiArabia(1,182,000b/d)andtheUS(1,091,000b/d),sawthelargestincreases.Nigeriareportedthelargestdeclineinproduction(184,000b/d)withproductioninLibyadecliningby181,000b/dtoo.•Refiningcapacityincreasedslightlybyaround534,000b/dlastyeardrivenbyanincreaseincapacityinnon-OECDcountries.Naturalgas•NaturalgaspricesreachedrecordlevelsinEuropeandAsiain2022,risingnearlythreefoldinEurope(TTFaveraging$37/mmBtu)anddoublingintheAsianLNGspotmarket(JKMaveraging$34/mmBtu).USHenryHubpricesroseover50%toaverage$6.5/mmBtuin2022–theirhighestannuallevelsince2008.•Globalnaturalgasdemanddeclinedby3%in2022droppingjustbelowthe4Tcmmarkachievedforthefirsttimein2021.Itsshareinprimaryenergyin2022decreasedslightlyto24%(from25%in2021).•Globalgasproductionremainedrelativelyconstantcomparedto2021.•LNGsupplygrew5%(26Bcm)to542Bcmin2022,similarto2021.LNGsupplyincreasescamemostlyfromNorthAmerica(10Bcm)andAPAC(8Bcm).AllotherregionsmadeapositivecontributiontoLNGsupplygrowthin2022(8Bcm).•TheincreaseinglobalLNGdemandwastriggeredbyEurope(62Bcm)in2022.CountriesintheAsiaPacificregionreducedtheirLNGimportsby24BcmandthoseinSouth&CentralAmericaby11Bcm.•JapanreplacedChinaastheworld’slargestLNGimporterandaccountedforcloseto60%ofglobalLNGdemandgrowthin2022.TheAsiaPacificregionaccountedforaround65%ofglobalLNGdemandbutfell6.5%comparedto2021whilstEuropeincreaseditsLNGimportsby57%.•Overallnaturalgaspipelinenettradefell~15%globallyin2022(78Bcm).Europeanpipelineimportsfellby35%(82Bcm),almostentirelyattributabletosuppliesfromRussia.Overall,Russiantotalpipelineexportsfell38%.TheMiddleEastincreaseditspipelineexportsby12%.Chinaincreaseditspipelineimportsby5Bcm.Coal•Coalpricesreachedrecordlevelsin2022,withEuropeanpricesaveraging$294/tonneandtheJapanCIFspotpriceaveraging$225/tonne(increasesof145%and45%over2021respectively).•Coalconsumptioncontinuedtoincrease,rising0.6%in2021to161EJ;thehighestlevelofcoalconsumptionsince2014.•ThegrowthindemandwaslargelydrivenbyChina(1%)andIndia(4%).Theircombinedgrowthof1.7EJwassufficienttooffsetdeclinesinotherregionsby0.6EJ.•CoalconsumptioninbothNorthAmericaandEuropedeclinedby6.8%and3.1%respectively.In2022,OECDconsumptionwasaround10%lessthanits2019pre-COVIDlevelandnon-OECDcoalconsumptionover6%higher.•Globalcoalproductionincreasedbyover7%comparedto2021,reachingarecordhighof175EJ.China,India,andIndonesiaaccountedforover95%oftheincreaseinglobalproduction.Renewables,hydroandnuclear•Renewablepower(excludinghydro)rose14%in2022toreach40.9EJ.Thiswasslightlybelowthepreviousyear’sgrowthrateof16%.•Solarandwindcapacitycontinuedtogrowrapidlyin2022recordingarecordincreaseof266GW.Solaraccountedfor72%(192GW)ofthecapacityadditions.•ThelargestportionofsolarandwindgrowthwasinChinaaccountingforabout37%and41%ofglobalcapacityadditionsrespectively.•Hydroelectricitygenerationincreasedby1.1%in2022whilstoutputfromnuclearfellby4.4%.Electricity•Globalelectricitygenerationincreasedby2.3%in2022whichwaslowerthanthepreviousyear’sgrowthrateof6.2%.•Windandsolarreachedarecordhighof12%shareofpowergenerationwithsolarrecording25%andwindpower13.5%growthinoutput.Thecombinedgenerationfromwindandsolaronceagainsurpassedthatofnuclearenergy.•Coalremainedthedominantfuelforpowergenerationin2022,withastablesharearound35.4%,marginallydownfrom35.8%in2021.•Naturalgas-firedpowergenerationremainedstablein2022withashareofaround23%.•Renewables(excludinghydro)met84%ofnetelectricitydemandgrowthin2022.Keyminerals•Lithiumcarbonatepricesrose335%toaveragearecordhighof$47,000/tonne.Similarly,thepriceofcobaltincreased24%in2021toaverage$64,000/tonne.•Lithiumandcobaltproductionrosesharplyby21%.Backtocontents4EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy20234EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023CO2emissionsEmissionsfromenergycontinuedtoreboundstronglyreachingarecordhighof39.3billiontonnesofcarbondioxideequivalentrepresentinga0.8%increaseover2021.Emissionsfromenergyconsumptioncontributed87%oftotalglobalemissions.CommoditypricesGlobalenergypricesrosesharplyin2022drivenbyenergysupplyconcerns.Themostpronouncedincreasewasinthepriceoflithiumcarbonate,whichincreasedbyover300%in2022.Oilpricesrosebyaround40%,withBrentendingtheyearaveragingaround$101/bbl.Gas(NetherlandsTFF)pricesincreasedbyover130%toaveragearound$37/mmBtu,whilecoalpricesalsosawanincreasewiththeNorthwestEuropemarkerpriceincreasingby141%to$294/tonne.2022KeychartsPrimaryenergyusein2022was2.8%above2019levels.In2022,theenergysystemswitchedfromconcernsarounddemandpost-COVIDtosupplyconcernsarisingfromtheconflictinUkraine.Thesechartssummarisesomeofthekeyhighlightsfromthisyear’sStatisticalReview.PrimaryenergyPrimaryenergydemandgrowthslowedcomparedto2021,increasing1.1%(6.6EJ)in2022versus5.5%(30.9EJ)in2021.Primaryenergyin2022was16.6EJabove2019pre-COVIDlevelswithconsumptionincreasinginallregionsexceptforEurope(-3.8%)andCIS(-5.8%).Primaryenergyconsumptioninnon-OECDcountriesincreasedby20.5EJcomparedtotheir2019pre-COVIDlevels,drivenlargelybygrowthinChina(14.6EJ)accountingfor72%oftheincrease.PrimaryenergydemandinOECDcountrieswasslightlydownagainst2019levelsat234EJin2022versus238EJin2019.Theincreaseinprimaryenergysupplybetween2019and2022waslargelydrivenbyrenewable(excludinghydro)energysources(13.5EJ)andcoal(10.6EJ),withincreasedgasproduction(2.7EJ)alsoevident.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy20235Primaryenergyin2022reachedarecordlevelwithnon-OECDcountriesaccountingformostoftheincrease.ChangeinprimaryenergybyfuelChangeinprimaryenergybygeographyCarbonemissionsreachedarecordhighin2022AsiaPacificregioncontinuestoincreaseitsshareoftotalglobalemissionsEnergyandmineralpricesrosesharplyin2022withgasandlithiumcarbonatereachingrecordlevels10-10-20-30203040200820102012201420162018202020220EJ■Oil■Naturalgas■Coal■Nuclearenergy■Hydroelectricity■Renewables10-10-20-30203040200820102012201420162018202020220EJ■OECD■Non-OECD80%70%50%30%10%100%90%2008201020122014201620182020202260%20%0%40%150010000-1000-200025002000500-1500-2500-500ShareoftotalemissionsAnnualchangeMtCO2e■TotalAsiaPacific■TotalNorthAmerica■TotalEurope■TotalCIS■TotalMiddleEast■TotalS.&Cent.America■TotalAfrica■TotalemissionsannualchargeOil($/bbl)Gas($/mmBtu)Coal($/tonne)Minerals($k/tonne)100%0%200%300%400%500%YoY%change71101163712229451641147■2021vs2020■2022vs2021BrentNetherlandsTTFNorthwestEuropeMarkerPriceCobaltLithiumCarbonateSources:Brent:S&PGlobalPlatts,©2023,S&PGlobalInc.TTF:ICISHerenEnergyLtdNorthwestEuropemarkerprice:S&PGlobalPlatts,©2023,S&PGlobalInc.Cobalt:LondonMetalExchangeLithiumcarbonate:BenchmarkMineralIntelligence2022vs2021percentagechangesusethelatestdataavailableasofJune2023NaturalgaspricesreachedrecordlevelsinEuropeandAsiaPacificregions.Globalgreenhousegasemissionscontinuetorise,reachingrecordlevelsin2022.Backtocontents6EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023Refinedproductdemandgrewin2022TheshareofrenewablesinglobalpowergenerationcontinuedtoincreaseRussianshareofEuropeancrudeoil,naturalgas,andcoalsupplyRussiaaccountedforaround15%ofEurope’sgasusein2022.2022KeychartsMb/d50-112346NapthaGasolineFuelOilEthaneandLPGOthersDiesel/GasoilJet/KeroseneTotal■2021v2020■2022v20210%10%20%30%40%50%20082010201220142016201820202022——Coal——Gas——Oil——Renewables(excludinghydro)0%20%40%60%80%100%OilNaturalgasCoal■ImportsfromRussia■Europeansupply■Othersupply18%19%14%BacktocontentsSolarandwindrecordedarecordincreaseof266GWin2022withsolaraccountingfor72%ofthecapacityadditions.OildemandOildemandin2022was0.65Mb/d(0.7%)below2019levels.Gasoline(25%)anddiesel/gasoil(29%)accountedforjustoverhalfoftotaldemand.Althoughaviation-relatedoildemandexhibitedthestrongestgrowth,itremainedmorethan1.7Mb/dbelow2019pre-COVIDlevels.Demandforgasolinein2022wassimilartopre-pandemiclevels,whilstdemandfornaphtha,diesel/gasoil,fueloil,andotheroilproductsin2022wereabovetheirpre-pandemiclevels.Napthademandfellbetween2021and2022,whilstdemandforallotherproductsincreased.PowerbyfuelTheshareofrenewables(excludinghydro)inglobalpowergenerationcontinueditsrisingtrend,drivenbyrecordnewbuildofsolarandwind.Theirshareoftotalglobalelectricityproductionreached14%in2022,higherthanthatofnuclearenergy(9%).Theshareofcoalinthepowersectorstoodataround35%whilsttheshareofgasgenerationin2022remainedclosetoits10-yearaveragelevelat23%.Despiteastrongrecovery,aviation-relatedoildemandremainedbelow2019levelsin2022.Oil,gasandcoaltradeRussiannaturalgas(pipelineandLNG)accountedforaround33%ofEurope’stotalgasimportsin2022.CrudeoilfromRussiamadeup23%oftotalEuropeancrudeoilimports.Russiancoalcontributed30%ofEurope’scoalimportsin2022.EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy20237BacktocontentsPrimaryenergyConsumption8EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023GrowthrateperannumShareExajoules2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada14.0614.4014.4314.5214.3214.5414.6714.5913.7113.8414.142.2%0.1%2.3%Mexico8.068.078.027.938.118.268.168.067.437.998.739.2%0.8%1.4%US90.1792.6293.5992.6992.6092.9596.3595.6788.5793.4095.912.7%0.6%15.9%TotalNorthAmerica112.30115.09116.03115.14115.04115.76119.18118.32109.71115.23118.783.1%0.6%19.7%Argentina3.403.533.533.593.573.573.543.343.133.483.603.7%0.6%0.6%Brazil12.2112.5112.8312.6612.3612.4712.5112.7212.2212.8513.414.3%0.9%2.2%Chile1.451.491.471.491.561.621.691.711.591.721.794.2%2.1%0.3%Colombia1.701.751.841.741.961.982.012.031.852.072.196.1%2.6%0.4%Ecuador0.630.650.680.680.670.700.740.760.660.760.793.1%2.3%0.1%Peru0.920.950.971.011.081.091.151.181.001.141.215.5%2.7%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago0.810.830.820.800.710.750.710.680.590.610.59-3.1%-3.1%0.1%Venezuela3.653.693.543.493.043.062.592.211.822.102.215.2%-4.9%0.4%OtherS.&Cent.America3.863.873.884.074.294.274.354.393.954.204.322.8%1.1%0.7%TotalS.&Cent.America28.6329.2629.5729.5329.2429.5229.2929.0126.8128.9330.114.1%0.5%5.0%Austria1.491.481.421.421.471.501.471.541.441.451.37-5.5%-0.8%0.2%Belgium2.472.532.342.372.552.582.572.662.392.662.45-7.8%-0.1%0.4%CzechRepublic1.801.761.731.691.671.771.761.721.591.681.67-0.5%-0.7%0.3%Finland1.231.231.191.181.201.181.201.181.131.151.182.2%-0.4%0.2%France10.3710.4710.0310.099.929.8410.039.818.849.408.39-10.8%-2.1%1.4%Germany13.5413.9313.3613.6113.8314.0113.6613.3112.4112.7812.30-3.8%-1.0%2.0%Greece1.261.181.111.121.111.161.171.141.001.091.144.4%-1.0%0.2%Hungary0.900.860.860.900.920.970.980.990.971.020.96-6.4%0.6%0.2%Italy7.006.696.346.536.566.646.676.555.956.346.14-3.1%-1.3%1.0%Netherlands3.943.833.663.723.763.783.693.683.563.653.54-3.1%-1.1%0.6%Norway2.021.901.951.972.002.011.981.862.012.051.90-7.4%-0.6%0.3%Poland4.104.113.964.004.184.344.394.274.084.414.31-2.2%0.5%0.7%Portugal0.961.051.071.051.121.091.111.050.960.960.93-3.2%-0.3%0.2%Romania1.411.321.371.381.381.401.431.391.331.391.30-6.9%-0.9%0.2%Spain6.015.715.605.675.725.795.895.735.185.555.763.6%-0.4%1.0%Sweden2.352.202.192.262.222.302.252.342.222.272.280.4%-0.3%0.4%Switzerland1.261.301.241.211.141.141.161.211.111.081.05-2.4%-1.8%0.2%Türkiye5.155.115.265.786.076.436.366.606.496.967.010.7%3.1%1.2%Ukraine5.194.934.353.613.783.513.643.453.313.362.33-30.7%-7.7%0.4%UnitedKingdom8.578.548.068.198.118.118.087.917.107.207.311.6%-1.6%1.2%OtherEurope6.326.406.186.316.496.616.716.546.176.526.50-0.3%0.3%1.1%TotalEurope87.3486.5183.2884.1085.2086.1786.2184.9379.2482.9879.81-3.8%-0.9%13.2%Azerbaijan0.540.560.570.620.610.600.620.650.660.700.70-0.8%2.5%0.1%Belarus1.171.061.060.960.981.001.111.111.031.101.07-2.9%-0.9%0.2%Kazakhstan2.642.652.782.312.602.802.892.932.712.933.126.4%1.7%0.5%RussianFederation29.2628.9229.0128.5529.1329.3130.3930.1629.0731.4828.89-8.2%-0.1%4.8%Turkmenistan1.090.971.001.201.191.171.311.291.521.621.652.1%4.3%0.3%Uzbekistan1.961.962.031.941.851.911.921.921.912.032.113.9%0.8%0.3%OtherCIS0.760.730.740.740.750.780.850.820.820.830.81-2.3%0.7%0.1%TotalCIS37.4236.8437.1936.3237.1137.5739.0838.8837.7240.7038.36-5.8%0.2%6.4%Iran9.219.539.929.8810.3610.7511.1111.7312.1612.1012.160.5%2.8%2.0%Iraq1.541.711.701.691.922.152.182.311.992.082.3110.9%4.1%0.4%Israel1.020.960.940.991.011.031.051.091.031.041.094.8%0.7%0.2%Kuwait1.491.531.551.621.601.621.661.511.431.501.606.4%0.7%0.3%Oman1.021.141.141.211.221.271.351.341.291.421.505.4%3.9%0.2%Qatar1.591.731.872.132.092.022.022.101.831.931.88-2.4%1.7%0.3%SaudiArabia9.779.8310.5511.0011.4511.4511.1710.7010.4110.7611.506.9%1.6%1.9%UnitedArabEmirates3.874.084.074.434.604.434.374.474.224.715.057.1%2.7%0.8%OtherMiddleEast2.242.162.142.001.962.042.002.001.911.982.053.7%-0.9%0.3%TotalMiddleEast31.7532.6833.8934.9636.2036.7736.9137.2536.2637.5239.134.3%2.1%6.5%Algeria1.831.932.112.222.222.252.412.502.342.532.47-2.6%3.0%0.4%Egypt3.513.493.443.503.693.843.843.773.543.793.985.0%1.3%0.7%Morocco0.750.770.780.800.800.840.870.950.870.970.92-4.3%2.1%0.2%SouthAfrica5.125.145.205.105.335.315.115.334.995.004.82-3.6%-0.6%0.8%OtherAfrica5.595.936.216.566.616.907.337.467.237.918.071.9%3.7%1.3%TotalAfrica16.8017.2717.7418.1818.6619.1419.5620.0218.9620.2020.260.3%1.9%3.4%Australia5.535.605.645.775.785.775.856.055.715.735.984.3%0.8%1.0%Bangladesh1.061.101.151.391.391.451.551.741.651.731.794.0%5.4%0.3%China117.45121.87125.03126.49127.00131.94138.30144.74149.45157.94159.390.9%3.1%26.4%ChinaHongKongSAR1.141.171.141.181.211.291.311.240.930.880.79-10.3%-3.6%0.1%India24.9925.8227.5628.5229.8030.9432.6933.5231.7634.5136.445.6%3.8%6.0%Indonesia6.826.596.676.786.807.047.728.227.617.769.7726.0%3.7%1.6%Japan19.9919.8419.3419.0718.8219.0518.9518.5117.1517.9417.84-0.6%-1.1%3.0%Malaysia3.743.913.954.014.224.284.354.474.304.584.845.6%2.6%0.8%NewZealand0.860.860.900.910.920.940.930.950.860.850.84-1.0%-0.2%0.1%Pakistan2.482.712.792.943.203.393.503.543.523.903.60-7.7%3.8%0.6%Philippines1.291.391.461.601.751.921.972.031.841.962.117.3%5.0%0.3%Singapore2.902.922.983.163.343.423.423.353.283.283.16-3.5%0.9%0.5%SouthKorea11.5811.6211.7211.9312.2912.4112.6212.4812.0012.5612.711.2%0.9%2.1%SriLanka0.280.290.310.340.380.370.380.390.380.380.34-10.8%2.0%0.1%Taiwan4.644.744.844.844.874.864.934.844.704.984.78-4.0%0.3%0.8%Thailand4.684.714.864.985.085.175.335.344.975.015.061.1%0.8%0.8%Vietnam2.252.372.622.993.243.483.914.344.344.344.595.7%7.4%0.8%OtherAsiaPacific2.052.032.192.292.462.963.103.243.333.503.551.3%5.6%0.6%TotalAsiaPacific213.72219.55225.17229.17232.54240.67250.82258.98257.78271.84277.602.1%2.6%46.0%TotalWorld527.96537.19542.87547.39553.98565.60581.05587.39566.49597.41604.041.1%1.4%100.0%ofwhich:OECD232.37234.63232.73233.30234.50236.88240.39238.25221.69232.38234.420.9%0.1%38.8%Non-OECD295.59302.56310.15314.10319.49328.72340.66349.14344.80365.03369.621.3%2.3%61.2%EuropeanUnion#63.2762.7660.5961.3962.0662.9562.8861.8657.2560.2858.18-3.5%-0.8%9.6%Inthisreview,primaryenergycomprisescommercially-tradedfuels,includingmodernrenewablesusedtogenerateelectricity.Energyfromallsourcesofnon-fossilpowergenerationisaccountedforonaninput-equivalentbasis.Seetheappendixorhttps://www.energyinst.org/statistical-reviewformoredetailsonthismethodology.^Lessthan0.005.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andSloveniapriorto1990.BacktocontentsPrimaryenergyConsumptionbyfuelEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023920212022ExajoulesOilNaturalgasCoalNuclearenergyHydro-electricityRenewablesTotalOilNaturalgasCoalNuclearenergyHydro-electricityRenewablesTotalCanada4.114.210.500.833.610.5813.844.274.380.390.783.740.5914.14Mexico3.393.500.200.110.330.467.994.123.480.250.100.340.458.73US35.5130.0910.577.422.357.4793.4036.1531.729.877.312.438.4395.91TotalNorthAmerica43.0237.8011.278.366.288.50115.2344.5339.5810.518.196.509.46118.78Argentina1.291.650.050.090.190.213.481.381.640.050.070.220.243.60Brazil4.781.460.710.133.422.3612.855.011.150.590.134.012.5313.41Chile0.760.250.29–0.170.251.720.800.270.22–0.210.291.79Colombia0.860.450.11–0.570.072.070.960.450.10–0.600.072.19Ecuador0.490.02^–0.240.010.760.530.02^–0.230.010.79Peru0.480.290.02–0.300.051.140.500.350.03–0.280.051.21Trinidad&Tobago0.050.56–––^0.610.050.54–––^0.59Venezuela0.451.01^–0.64^2.100.531.05^–0.63^2.21OtherS.&Cent.America––––––––––––––TotalS.&Cent.America11.676.041.410.226.303.2828.9312.375.821.190.207.003.5330.11Austria0.500.320.11–0.370.161.450.480.280.10–0.330.171.37Belgium1.230.610.110.45^0.252.661.160.520.120.39^0.262.45CzechRepublic0.410.330.540.280.020.101.680.410.270.590.280.020.101.67Finland0.330.070.120.210.150.261.150.330.040.120.230.130.321.18France2.921.550.233.430.550.729.402.911.380.212.650.420.818.39Germany4.183.302.240.620.192.2512.784.262.782.330.310.162.4512.30Greece0.550.250.07–0.060.161.090.620.220.07–0.040.181.14Hungary0.350.390.060.14^0.081.020.350.330.050.14^0.090.96Italy2.352.610.23–0.430.726.342.472.350.31–0.260.766.14Netherlands1.691.260.230.03^0.443.651.780.980.230.04^0.513.54Norway0.380.150.04–1.350.132.050.360.140.03–1.200.161.90Poland1.350.811.90–0.020.334.411.460.651.81–0.020.394.31Portugal0.420.210.01–0.110.210.960.460.20^–0.060.210.93Romania0.440.420.170.100.160.101.390.450.350.170.100.130.111.30Spain2.421.240.130.510.280.985.552.661.190.170.530.171.045.76Sweden0.500.040.070.480.700.492.270.500.030.070.460.650.562.28Switzerland0.370.13^0.170.340.061.080.380.11^0.210.280.071.05Türkiye2.022.061.74–0.530.626.962.101.841.75–0.630.697.01Ukraine0.440.980.950.780.100.113.360.390.690.520.560.100.072.33UnitedKingdom2.452.800.240.410.051.247.202.672.590.210.430.051.367.31OtherEurope––––––––––––––TotalEurope27.7020.6310.397.986.1710.1282.9828.7217.9610.076.685.3211.0679.81Azerbaijan0.230.46^–0.01^0.700.250.44^–0.01^0.70Belarus0.330.680.040.05^0.011.100.310.660.040.04^0.011.07Kazakhstan0.630.781.40–0.090.032.930.780.781.44–0.090.043.12RussianFederation6.8817.093.432.012.020.0631.487.0514.693.192.011.860.0828.89Turkmenistan0.291.32––^^1.620.301.35––^^1.65Uzbekistan0.221.670.09–0.05^2.030.221.740.10–0.05^2.11OtherCIS––––––––––––––TotalCIS8.7622.215.052.082.500.1140.709.1019.844.872.082.330.1438.36Iran3.338.510.070.030.140.0212.103.698.240.080.060.070.0212.16Iraq1.440.61––0.03^2.081.590.68––0.03^2.31Israel0.410.420.16–^0.051.040.460.410.16–^0.071.09Kuwait0.780.71^––^1.500.810.78^––^1.60Oman0.401.01^––0.011.420.451.03^––0.011.50Qatar0.491.44^––^1.930.561.32^––0.011.88SaudiArabia6.624.12^––0.0110.767.154.33^––0.0111.50UnitedArabEmirates1.912.550.100.10–0.064.712.192.510.100.18–0.075.05OtherMiddleEast––––––––––––––TotalMiddleEast16.4020.230.360.130.190.2137.5217.9720.180.370.240.120.2639.13Algeria0.801.720.01–^0.012.530.861.590.01–^0.012.47Egypt1.272.240.05–0.130.103.791.522.190.05–0.130.103.98Morocco0.560.030.31–0.010.070.970.570.010.28–^0.060.92SouthAfrica1.040.173.510.110.020.155.001.060.163.310.090.030.164.82OtherAfrica––––––––––––––TotalAfrica7.956.064.180.111.440.4720.208.395.853.970.091.470.4920.26Australia1.931.441.63–0.150.595.732.071.501.55–0.160.705.98Bangladesh0.461.100.15–0.010.011.730.551.050.18–0.010.011.79China29.5213.6987.543.6812.2511.27157.9428.1613.5388.413.7612.2313.30159.39ChinaHongKongSAR0.550.170.15––^0.880.470.160.15––^0.79India9.252.2419.300.401.511.8234.5110.052.0920.090.421.642.1536.44Indonesia2.811.332.75–0.230.637.763.061.334.38–0.260.749.77Japan6.613.734.930.550.751.3717.946.613.624.920.470.701.5317.84Malaysia1.481.780.94–0.290.084.581.731.780.94–0.310.094.84NewZealand0.300.140.07–0.230.110.850.300.130.05–0.250.110.84Pakistan1.021.620.720.140.350.053.900.991.380.640.200.330.063.60Philippines0.810.120.79–0.090.161.960.890.110.84–0.100.172.11Singapore2.770.480.02––0.013.282.660.470.02––0.023.16SouthKorea5.402.253.041.430.030.4212.565.472.232.871.590.030.5212.71SriLanka0.23–0.07–0.070.010.380.20–0.06–0.070.020.34Taiwan1.920.981.680.250.030.124.981.771.011.580.210.050.164.78Thailand2.171.690.78–0.040.325.012.391.600.71–0.060.315.06Vietnam0.940.262.16–0.720.274.341.030.282.05–0.900.334.59OtherAsiaPacific––––––––––––––TotalAsiaPacific69.3733.43127.786.4617.5417.27271.8469.6132.65130.506.6517.9420.24277.60TotalWorld184.86146.41160.4325.3340.4039.97597.41190.69141.89161.4724.1340.6845.18604.04ofwhich:OECD85.0565.2629.9417.2913.6621.17232.3887.9864.6828.9016.1213.2223.53234.42Non-OECD99.8081.15130.498.0526.7418.79365.03102.7177.21132.588.0127.4621.64369.62EuropeanUnion21.3814.296.846.613.277.8860.2822.1312.366.985.482.608.6358.18Inthisreview,primaryenergycomprisescommercially-tradedfuels,includingmodernrenewablesusedtogenerateelectricity.Energyfromallsourcesofnon-fossilpowergenerationisaccountedforonaninput-equivalentbasis.Seetheappendixorhttps://www.energyinst.org/statistical-reviewformoredetailsonthismethodology.^Lessthan0.005.BacktocontentsPrimaryenergyWorldconsumptionExajoules0100200300400500600700202220202018201620142012201020082006200420022000■Oil■Coal■Naturalgas■Nuclearenergy■Hydroelectricity■Renewables05%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%——Oil——Coal——Naturalgas——Nuclearenergy——Hydroelectricity——Renewables202220202018201620142012201020082006200420022000WorldconsumptionRegionalconsumptionpattern2022Shareofglobalprimaryenergy%shares■Oil■Naturalgas■Coal■Nuclearenergy■Hydroelectricity■Renewables0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%TotalNorthAmericaTotalS.&Cent.AmericaTotalCISTotalEuropeTotalMiddleEastTotalAfricaTotalAsiaPacific10EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023Inthisreview,primaryenergycomprisescommercially-tradedfuels,includingmodernrenewablesusedtogenerateelectricity.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202311PrimaryenergyConsumptionpercapitaGrowthrateperannumGigajoulepercapita2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–22Canada405.3410.6407.5406.4396.7397.8396.2388.7361.8362.7367.81.4%-1.0%Mexico69.768.867.566.066.767.365.864.559.063.168.48.5%-0.2%US284.8290.0290.6285.5283.0281.8290.1286.2263.7277.2283.52.3%†TotalNorthAmerica240.4244.0243.7239.6237.3236.6241.7238.1219.5229.6235.62.6%-0.2%Argentina81.083.382.483.081.881.079.874.669.576.879.23.1%-0.2%Brazil61.162.063.161.759.759.859.560.157.360.062.33.8%0.2%Chile83.685.183.483.486.488.390.189.682.588.191.23.6%0.9%Colombia37.137.839.436.941.240.940.840.436.240.142.35.4%1.3%Ecuador40.441.142.541.841.042.043.643.837.342.943.71.9%0.8%Peru31.131.531.933.034.634.635.635.830.133.935.44.5%1.3%Trinidad&Tobago569.1575.5568.6548.1483.2509.6473.9445.4391.7399.8386.2-3.4%-3.8%Venezuela124.0123.5117.2114.398.9100.286.776.463.874.578.14.8%-4.5%OtherS.&Cent.America36.135.835.536.838.337.838.138.133.935.736.41.9%0.1%TotalS.&Cent.America58.759.359.458.757.657.656.655.651.054.756.53.4%-0.4%Austria177.0174.6166.3164.5168.1170.7166.3173.9162.1162.9153.7-5.6%-1.4%Belgium223.5227.6209.6210.4225.7226.4224.6230.9206.8228.9210.2-8.2%-0.6%CzechRepublic171.1167.8164.3161.0158.8167.7167.1163.3151.3159.8159.3-0.3%-0.7%Finland226.4226.2217.4216.1218.9213.9217.9213.2203.9208.0212.32.1%-0.6%France164.5165.3157.7158.1155.0153.5156.0152.4137.0145.7129.8-10.9%-2.3%Germany166.1170.5163.2165.8168.0169.6164.8160.1149.0153.2147.5-3.7%-1.2%Greece114.7108.3102.0103.8102.8108.5109.7107.994.8104.3109.55.0%-0.5%Hungary91.186.686.991.893.799.099.9101.399.8105.396.0-8.8%0.5%Italy116.3110.9105.2108.5109.1110.6111.4109.799.9107.0104.1-2.7%-1.1%Netherlands235.0226.9215.8218.5219.4220.0213.7211.8204.1208.8201.6-3.5%-1.5%Norway403.1373.4380.3380.1382.3381.2372.8347.0374.0379.2348.9-8.0%-1.4%Poland106.2106.5102.7103.9108.4112.7114.0110.8106.3115.2108.2-6.0%0.2%Portugal90.9100.4103.0101.1108.5105.4107.6102.592.893.290.3-3.1%-0.1%Romania70.365.868.569.269.671.172.871.468.472.166.0-8.4%-0.6%Spain128.5122.4120.5122.1123.2124.3126.0121.6109.4117.0121.03.5%-0.6%Sweden245.8228.1224.7230.0223.5228.3221.4227.8213.8216.7215.7-0.4%-1.3%Switzerland158.0160.3151.1146.1135.9135.0136.1141.0128.8123.7120.1-3.0%-2.7%Türkiye68.466.767.472.675.078.476.879.177.282.182.2†1.9%Ukraine114.4108.896.480.384.378.682.078.075.377.358.7-24.0%-6.5%UnitedKingdom134.3132.8124.5125.6123.5122.8121.6118.4105.9107.0108.41.3%-2.1%OtherEurope103.1104.7101.4103.8106.8109.0110.8108.1102.1108.4108.2-0.2%0.5%TotalEurope131.9130.2124.9125.7126.9128.0127.8125.6117.1122.6118.0-3.7%-1.1%Azerbaijan57.457.958.162.861.559.860.863.264.168.367.5-1.2%1.6%Belarus120.8109.5109.599.1101.2103.0114.1114.9107.2114.9112.1-2.4%-0.7%Kazakhstan154.3152.8158.2129.6143.7152.7156.0156.3142.5152.8160.95.3%0.4%RussianFederation203.7200.9201.0197.3200.8201.5208.6207.0199.6217.0199.7-8.0%-0.2%Turkmenistan199.1173.7176.7207.8202.2196.7215.5208.7243.5255.1256.90.7%2.6%Uzbekistan66.365.566.762.658.959.959.258.457.159.660.92.3%-0.8%OtherCIS38.136.036.535.935.836.939.838.037.537.736.0-4.5%-0.6%TotalCIS159.3155.9156.4151.7154.0154.9160.2158.6153.3165.0154.9-6.1%-0.3%Iran119.1121.5124.1120.8124.4127.2129.8135.5139.3137.6137.3-0.2%1.4%Iraq45.448.146.244.849.554.353.655.546.847.851.88.5%1.3%Israel134.2124.8119.6123.9124.1124.3124.2126.3117.3117.3121.13.2%-1.0%Kuwait440.0419.2413.3413.3394.2393.5385.0340.6328.1353.0374.05.9%-1.6%Oman288.5299.5283.6289.2276.5280.1294.0291.9284.5313.8326.74.1%1.3%Qatar836.3850.3844.3883.0803.7744.8729.3748.9662.7717.9699.2-2.6%-1.8%SaudiArabia317.0312.3328.5336.0342.6335.0318.9298.8289.1299.2315.75.5%†UnitedArabEmirates446.3466.2460.7496.4511.6488.2478.0485.6453.9503.4534.96.3%1.8%OtherMiddleEast33.632.131.328.727.828.527.426.825.025.525.91.5%-2.6%TotalMiddleEast135.8136.9138.9140.3142.5142.2140.2138.9133.5136.5140.42.8%0.3%Algeria49.050.954.456.255.154.657.558.553.857.354.9-4.2%1.1%Egypt38.537.336.035.837.037.737.035.733.034.735.93.3%-0.7%Morocco22.522.822.822.922.923.724.226.223.626.124.7-5.3%0.9%SouthAfrica96.495.595.191.394.593.789.191.884.884.280.5-4.5%-1.8%OtherAfrica6.26.46.66.76.66.76.96.96.56.96.9-0.7%1.0%TotalAfrica15.115.115.215.115.115.115.115.113.914.514.2-2.1%-0.6%Australia243.3242.3240.3242.0239.1234.5234.3238.5222.6221.2228.53.3%-0.6%Bangladesh7.07.27.38.88.79.09.510.59.810.210.52.9%4.2%China85.988.690.390.890.693.697.6101.8104.9110.8111.80.9%2.7%ChinaHongKongSAR157.5160.4155.3158.8162.2173.4175.0165.6123.9116.9104.9-10.2%-4.0%India19.620.021.121.622.322.823.924.222.724.525.74.9%2.7%Indonesia27.326.026.026.226.026.628.930.528.028.335.525.2%2.7%Japan156.3155.4151.7149.8148.2150.4150.1147.1136.9144.0143.9†-0.8%Malaysia126.0129.8129.1129.2133.9133.8134.4136.2129.6136.4142.54.5%1.2%NewZealand194.1193.8199.9197.8196.6197.1192.3191.7170.6165.3161.8-2.1%-1.8%Pakistan12.213.213.413.915.015.715.915.815.516.915.3-9.4%2.2%Philippines13.213.914.415.516.718.018.118.416.417.318.25.7%3.3%Singapore538.1533.9535.3559.7584.1593.3588.7571.2555.3551.9529.5-4.1%-0.2%SouthKorea233.3232.0231.9234.0239.4240.9244.2240.8231.5242.4245.31.2%0.5%SriLanka13.413.514.416.117.617.017.617.917.517.615.7-11.0%1.6%Taiwan199.6203.0206.7205.7206.4205.5207.7203.6197.5208.8200.2-4.1%†Thailand67.767.769.570.871.973.075.074.969.569.970.61.0%0.4%Vietnam25.226.328.732.434.837.141.245.344.944.646.74.9%6.4%OtherAsiaPacific12.011.712.412.813.616.116.717.217.418.018.0-0.1%4.2%TotalAsiaPacific53.954.855.756.156.457.959.861.260.563.464.41.6%1.8%TotalWorld73.774.174.073.773.774.475.675.672.275.575.70.3%0.3%ofwhich:OECD177.7178.3175.7175.0174.8175.5177.1174.6161.8169.1169.90.5%-0.4%Non-OECD50.551.051.651.551.852.653.954.653.355.956.00.3%1.0%EuropeanUnion143.3142.0137.0138.7140.0141.9141.5139.0128.6135.4130.1-4.0%-1.0%Inthisreview,primaryenergycomprisescommercially-tradedfuels,includingmodernrenewablesusedtogenerateelectricity.Energyfromallsourcesofnon-fossilpowergenerationisaccountedforonaninput-equivalentbasis.Seetheappendixorhttps://www.energyinst.org/statistical-reviewformoredetailsonthismethodology.†Lessthan0.05%.Backtocontents12EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023CarbonCarbondioxideemissionsfromenergyGrowthrateperannumShareMilliontonnesofcarbondioxide2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada545.5559.3564.5564.3545.9561.5571.5558.8500.1510.2519.71.9%-0.5%1.5%Mexico499.4496.7482.8480.9491.1503.3489.0480.1417.8449.8505.912.5%0.1%1.5%US5089.15246.65251.75137.55038.04978.85133.24981.64462.74768.44825.81.2%-0.5%14.0%TotalNorthAmerica6134.16302.66299.06182.76075.06043.66193.76020.45380.65728.45851.42.1%-0.5%17.0%Argentina181.8187.6187.8191.2190.1188.5186.0174.6162.3184.7190.12.9%0.4%0.6%Brazil457.8487.0511.7494.8455.9461.7442.1435.5408.4461.6443.3-4%-0.3%1.3%Chile85.588.987.287.492.293.993.594.885.193.789.7-4.2%0.5%0.3%Colombia83.989.695.488.0102.695.797.499.789.696.8103.06.5%2.1%0.3%Ecuador34.236.538.437.635.434.337.135.729.136.138.56.5%1.2%0.1%Peru44.846.046.849.253.251.052.854.443.451.656.810%2.4%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago24.225.524.823.921.921.320.617.015.215.515.1-2.4%-4.6%†Venezuela177.9183.4173.3172.2149.3146.3121.1100.271.187.295.39.3%-6.1%0.3%CentralAmerica58.760.161.868.771.671.972.480.368.277.881.14.3%3.3%0.2%OtherCaribbean106.4103.1104.1108.1111.1107.0109.7112.1102.5101.4103.31.9%-0.3%0.3%OtherSouthAmerica34.034.735.235.637.638.539.640.033.641.241.71.2%2.1%0.1%TotalS.&Cent.America1289.11342.41366.61356.71320.91310.01272.31244.31108.61247.51257.90.8%-0.2%3.7%Austria62.362.858.660.661.564.362.363.956.258.555.7-4.7%-1.1%0.2%Belgium116.3117.3109.0115.2116.9118.8125.5121.8105.3113.5108.2-4.7%-0.7%0.3%Bulgaria45.840.743.245.943.145.942.641.536.141.946.410.8%0.1%0.1%Croatia16.616.115.816.216.717.116.316.314.915.415.82.3%-0.5%†Cyprus8.17.37.37.58.18.38.28.27.07.27.76.1%-0.6%†CzechRepublic109.3105.0102.0102.8104.8104.8103.898.288.492.995.02.2%-1.4%0.3%Denmark39.742.038.335.637.034.434.831.526.028.227.7-1.9%-3.5%0.1%Estonia22.824.523.521.422.224.524.118.315.816.817.11.8%-2.9%†Finland51.052.047.744.947.745.146.543.336.836.234.1-5.7%-4.0%0.1%France335.6334.9301.5307.5313.1317.8306.6299.1251.5274.4269.7-1.7%-2.2%0.8%Germany773.0797.6751.1755.6770.5760.9733.1680.1605.5642.8634.9-1.2%-1.9%1.8%Greece89.179.976.173.870.775.073.669.656.359.362.85.9%-3.4%0.2%Hungary44.642.041.343.844.746.947.347.144.746.142.9-6.9%-0.4%0.1%Iceland2.52.72.72.92.83.13.32.81.81.82.537.4%††Ireland38.537.537.238.740.439.339.137.633.535.536.52.6%-0.6%0.1%Italy371.0341.4318.8334.4331.4335.5336.1328.6286.3314.4317.71.1%-1.5%0.9%Latvia8.08.07.77.98.28.07.88.47.17.57.0-6.5%-1.4%†Lithuania12.411.711.011.311.711.912.512.412.112.211.6-4.6%-0.7%†Luxembourg11.410.910.510.110.010.310.810.99.09.78.7-10%-2.7%†Netherlands215.7211.4202.5209.9208.0204.5198.0193.6172.8177.0169.1-4.5%-2.4%0.5%NorthMacedonia9.08.07.57.27.17.57.18.16.66.77.27.4%-2.2%†Norway36.837.036.136.035.135.135.334.332.833.132.1-3.2%-1.4%0.1%Poland308.1310.4293.3293.3306.0315.4320.0301.8283.6309.9295.7-4.6%-0.4%0.9%Portugal50.749.349.653.152.457.354.350.340.739.341.86.4%-1.9%0.1%Romania81.769.871.171.969.572.973.471.764.468.865.7-4.5%-2.2%0.2%Slovakia32.532.630.030.430.832.932.330.027.831.230.3-2.7%-0.7%0.1%Slovenia14.714.112.612.713.613.913.913.311.912.112.10.5%-1.9%†Spain306.3274.5271.9287.9280.6298.3293.0276.2223.3243.6260.97.1%-1.6%0.8%Sweden49.047.946.046.346.445.444.647.142.739.940.82.2%-1.8%0.1%Switzerland41.443.638.739.538.038.837.238.132.733.432.9-1.5%-2.3%0.1%Türkiye314.4303.3335.1341.4359.1397.1390.8386.7377.2412.6409.7-0.7%2.7%1.2%Ukraine299.1286.5246.8195.1215.6187.9198.7185.5171.5167.7108.8-35.1%-9.6%0.3%UnitedKingdom509.4497.5456.2439.1415.3404.3396.4381.3320.9341.4344.60.9%-3.8%1.0%OtherEurope112.9113.4102.6112.0117.0120.8119.8119.8118.0114.2116.11.7%0.3%0.3%TotalEurope4540.04433.44203.54212.14256.34304.04249.14077.53621.33845.23769.8-2.0%-1.8%11.0%Azerbaijan30.230.731.433.933.432.433.834.435.237.637.5-0.1%2.2%0.1%Belarus60.860.259.254.955.055.760.660.956.057.155.9-2.0%-0.8%0.2%Kazakhstan212.0211.9219.0176.7199.3214.0221.8220.5202.8217.2230.26.0%0.8%0.7%RussianFederation1580.61548.81551.41520.81531.11518.51575.81559.21459.81584.21457.5-8.0%-0.8%4.2%Turkmenistan65.258.360.571.570.970.177.676.489.795.297.22.1%4.1%0.3%Uzbekistan109.8111.1114.4108.8104.1106.9109.7109.5111.2117.6122.24.0%1.1%0.4%OtherCIS26.625.527.428.429.029.433.131.231.333.232.4-2.5%2.0%0.1%TotalCIS2085.22046.42063.21995.12022.92026.92112.32092.11986.02142.02033.0-5.1%-0.3%5.9%Iran522.0543.0552.6547.2567.4575.9601.7626.7653.0656.2667.41.7%2.5%1.9%Iraq103.5115.2116.6116.8131.0148.4148.2151.8129.8137.8153.111.1%4.0%0.4%Israel74.266.964.166.866.166.867.069.263.062.965.84.8%-1.2%0.2%Kuwait90.793.395.198.396.498.2100.891.185.189.595.46.7%0.5%0.3%Oman57.065.264.769.069.472.274.974.769.876.580.65.3%3.5%0.2%Qatar89.299.6109.6123.4123.1115.7119.0124.3107.0114.7110.8-3.4%2.2%0.3%SaudiArabia516.6526.0565.1601.8634.5631.2612.5577.4558.0571.7612.57.1%1.7%1.8%UnitedArabEmirates231.9247.1243.0265.2275.9267.2261.7266.8248.5275.1292.56.4%2.3%0.9%OtherMiddleEast141.1135.4135.0124.4120.2125.5122.7121.0112.9117.0121.94.2%-1.5%0.4%TotalMiddleEast1826.31892.01945.82012.72084.22101.22108.52103.02027.12101.32200.04.7%1.9%6.4%Algeria108.9115.4123.6129.0127.7130.7137.3142.4132.7143.9141.4-1.8%2.6%0.4%Egypt199.6201.3200.0203.0215.4220.3216.6208.7203.3219.5235.57.3%1.7%0.7%Morocco54.154.456.656.857.260.261.867.962.169.667.1-3.6%2.2%0.2%SouthAfrica462.1462.8467.2455.1473.9470.0451.9474.1446.5438.7420.4-4.2%-0.9%1.2%EasternAfrica81.690.4101.6105.9105.0114.5119.3118.8110.1119.7123.73.3%4.2%0.4%MiddleAfrica41.346.649.249.048.044.745.446.041.544.941.2-8.2%†0.1%WesternAfrica106.8108.8109.9126.1130.4140.1157.3163.0162.7174.9179.12.4%5.3%0.5%OtherNorthernAfrica70.375.274.871.673.473.273.873.065.881.182.92.3%1.7%0.2%OtherSouthernAfrica12.312.413.713.713.614.515.114.412.313.915.410.6%2.3%†TotalAfrica1136.81167.41196.41210.31244.51268.11278.51308.21237.01306.31306.7†1.4%3.8%Australia398.7395.6399.2407.6406.2404.5402.7407.2377.0370.4376.31.6%-0.6%1.1%Bangladesh61.464.667.184.284.088.896.0108.0102.4107.1113.96.3%6.4%0.3%China8977.69214.19235.59171.39014.69270.39610.79933.710130.910563.510550.2-0.1%1.6%30.7%ChinaHongKongSAR88.791.589.790.592.798.9100.194.668.164.658.1-10.1%-4.2%0.2%India1825.51892.62042.12109.82207.22283.82381.72407.32237.52464.72595.85.3%3.6%7.6%Indonesia470.1442.6451.0467.7462.1481.2520.0562.7512.9519.6692.033.2%3.9%2.0%Japan1293.81282.21248.71209.11189.21182.71161.51120.61031.81066.61065.7-0.1%-1.9%3.1%Malaysia227.8234.1243.2247.1252.6241.2251.2255.8247.0255.7272.96.7%1.8%0.8%NewZealand35.435.135.035.434.636.736.638.033.132.530.6-5.9%-1.5%0.1%Pakistan144.6145.3151.7160.3176.5188.7195.3194.8207.2231.4208.3-10.0%3.7%0.6%Philippines83.291.997.5106.7117.2129.8134.8141.5128.2135.8146.57.9%5.8%0.4%Singapore191.7191.3190.8202.3216.8227.5222.8215.1210.9213.3208.8-2.1%0.9%0.6%SouthKorea612.6620.0615.0622.8633.2641.8659.1635.3588.1603.0592.4-1.8%-0.3%1.7%SriLanka18.215.919.621.624.924.523.525.224.723.019.9-13.6%0.9%0.1%Taiwan266.9268.5275.4275.7280.9286.9284.8279.3265.7280.2272.4-2.8%0.2%0.8%Thailand266.7265.8273.7281.1286.8287.5293.2288.4273.1270.3275.31.8%0.3%0.8%Vietnam129.3134.0150.2181.9197.3199.0240.4291.1285.0273.1270.0-1.1%7.6%0.8%OtherAsiaPacific116.1107.3119.3128.8137.5178.7185.3200.0200.7206.6206.2-0.2%5.9%0.6%TotalAsiaPacific15208.315492.615704.715804.215814.316252.516799.417198.516924.317681.517955.41.5%1.7%52.2%TotalWorld32219.832676.832779.032773.732818.033306.234013.934044.032284.934052.234374.10.9%0.6%100.0%ofwhich:OECD12691.512779.112559.312463.212385.812416.812502.312119.710857.811485.611585.60.9%-0.9%33.7%Non-OECD19528.319897.720219.720310.520432.220889.421511.621924.321427.022566.722788.51.0%1.6%66.3%EuropeanUnion#3221.53148.22984.43046.03073.93118.63070.02930.72569.02742.82725.4-0.6%-1.7%7.9%†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Thecarbonemissionsabovereflectonlythosethroughconsumptionofoil,gasandcoalforcombustionrelatedactivities,andarebasedon‘DefaultCO2EmissionsFactorsforCombustion’listedbytheIPCCinitsGuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories(2006).Thisdoesnotallowforanycarbonthatissequestered,forothersourcesofcarbonemissions,orforemissionsofothergreenhousegases.Ourdataisthereforenotcomparabletoofficialnationalemissionsdata.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202313CarbonNaturalgas:flaringGrowthrateperannumShareBillioncubicmetres2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada1.81.62.11.91.41.41.41.11.21.31.1-9.7%-4.4%0.8%Mexico1.45.15.76.05.84.54.55.36.77.86.8-13.1%17.5%4.6%US5.89.311.412.09.09.614.117.312.49.78.8-9.3%4.2%6.0%TotalNorthAmerica8.916.019.219.916.215.620.123.720.318.816.7-10.9%6.5%11.4%Argentina0.90.80.90.70.60.60.81.01.11.31.2-7.6%3.0%0.8%Bolivia0.2^^0.1^^^^0.1^0.117.4%-13.1%†Brazil1.41.51.71.51.71.31.21.31.11.11.0-7.2%-3.3%0.7%Colombia0.80.90.80.80.60.50.50.50.40.30.3-23.9%-10.0%0.2%Peru0.10.20.20.30.20.10.10.10.10.10.17.1%-0.7%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago0.60.40.30.30.20.20.20.40.20.20.23.8%-12.8%0.1%Venezuela11.09.810.59.910.28.09.310.59.49.29.86.6%-1.2%6.7%OtherS.&Cent.America0.61.01.31.31.41.31.11.11.51.61.77.4%11.4%1.2%TotalS.&Cent.America15.714.515.814.914.912.113.215.014.013.814.33.5%-0.9%9.8%Denmark0.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.1^-11.2%-3.6%†Germany–^^^^^^^^^^16.7%–†Italy–^0.1^0.1^^^^^^-15.3%–†Netherlands–^^^^^^^^^^24.4%–†Norway0.70.40.40.40.40.20.20.20.10.20.2-16.3%-13.7%0.1%Poland–^^^0.1^0.1^0.10.1^-59.2%–†Romania–^0.1^^^^^^^^25.1%–†Ukraine–0.20.20.20.20.20.20.10.10.10.1-29.9%–0.1%UnitedKingdom1.21.41.41.41.41.41.21.21.10.90.6-31.5%-6.3%0.4%OtherEurope–0.40.50.50.40.30.40.40.40.40.4-15.1%–0.2%TotalEurope1.92.82.82.72.82.32.22.12.01.91.4-24.6%-3.0%1.0%Azerbaijan0.60.40.30.20.20.20.20.30.20.20.231.8%-10.0%0.2%Kazakhstan2.53.73.83.62.62.42.01.51.51.51.0-31.9%-8.7%0.7%RussianFederation17.820.919.521.123.921.021.223.825.126.426.0-1.4%3.9%17.7%Turkmenistan0.72.22.01.81.81.61.51.41.71.21.1-8.8%3.9%0.7%Uzbekistan0.81.51.31.11.00.80.80.60.50.50.4-6.4%-5.8%0.3%OtherCIS–0.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.13.4%–†TotalCIS22.528.827.027.829.626.125.827.728.929.828.8-3.1%2.5%19.6%Bahrain–0.1^^0.10.10.10.20.30.10.1-28.6%–0.1%Iran17.112.013.112.717.018.518.114.614.218.518.4-0.5%0.7%12.5%Iraq11.713.313.815.817.517.517.617.717.217.717.80.3%4.3%12.1%Kuwait0.21.51.61.01.30.91.00.80.91.00.7-30.3%12.4%0.5%Oman1.32.32.52.42.82.62.62.62.52.62.1-18.9%5.1%1.4%Qatar0.71.71.61.41.41.31.31.61.31.41.3-5.3%6.6%0.9%SaudiArabia–2.72.52.73.12.92.92.62.82.82.5-8.8%–1.7%Syria0.10.40.40.50.61.20.71.01.01.11.12.1%27.2%0.7%UnitedArabEmirates1.01.31.11.21.01.11.31.01.11.01.113.2%1.1%0.8%Yemen0.31.11.20.60.30.40.50.70.90.90.7-22.6%9.3%0.5%OtherMiddleEast^^^^^^^^^^^260.6%-8.3%†TotalMiddleEast32.436.537.738.445.046.545.942.842.047.045.8-2.7%3.5%31.2%Algeria3.48.89.29.69.79.29.49.79.38.18.55.3%9.6%5.8%Egypt0.42.63.03.03.02.52.42.52.52.32.2-6.1%18.8%1.5%Libya3.84.12.92.72.44.04.75.12.55.95.4-8.6%3.6%3.7%Nigeria12.99.28.37.57.27.57.37.87.06.55.3-18.5%-8.5%3.6%OtherAfrica12.19.39.710.410.49.48.58.27.87.47.96.5%-4.2%5.4%TotalAfrica32.534.133.033.232.832.632.333.329.230.329.3-3.1%-1.0%20.0%Australia0.10.81.11.10.70.70.91.41.00.80.7-13.3%17.0%0.5%Bangladesh–^^^^^^^^^^-25.7%–†Brunei0.10.20.20.20.30.30.20.30.20.20.1-^-^^China1.92.42.52.52.31.82.02.22.92.72.5-8.0%2.7%1.7%India1.02.22.42.72.42.01.81.82.01.92.08.2%7.1%1.4%Indonesia6.43.33.23.02.92.42.12.12.01.71.85.4%-11.7%1.2%Malaysia1.33.13.63.93.43.12.52.72.72.11.7-18.5%3.3%1.2%Myanmar–0.10.10.1^^^^^^^-37.4%–†Pakistan0.10.60.50.50.40.40.30.30.30.30.36.9%11.0%0.2%Thailand–0.40.40.50.50.40.30.30.40.40.2-37.0%–0.2%Vietnam0.61.11.01.00.91.00.80.80.70.60.61.8%-0.9%0.4%OtherAsiaPacific0.50.70.90.70.70.50.40.30.30.40.414.7%-0.6%0.3%TotalAsiaPacific12.014.815.816.114.612.511.512.312.411.110.4-5.9%-1.4%7.1%TotalWorld125.9147.5151.3153.0156.0147.6151.0156.9148.8152.7146.8-3.8%1.6%100.0%ofwhich:OECD11.920.323.824.420.319.123.727.723.621.819.1-12.3%4.8%13.0%Non-OECD114.0127.2127.5128.6135.8128.5127.4129.2125.2130.9127.8-2.4%1.1%87.0%EuropeanUnion#0.10.70.80.70.70.50.60.60.60.60.5-17.0%21.9%0.3%Datafrom2013onward:MadeutilisingVIIRSNightfire(VNF)nightlydataproducedbytheEarthObservationGroup,PayneInstituteforPublicPolicy,ColoradoSchoolofMines.Thesedataincludeflaringfromupstream,downstreamoilandgas.Databefore2013:Cedigaz.Thesedataincludeflaringfromupstream.Asfaraspossible,thecalculationhasusedflaredvolumesbasedonstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar);astheyarederiveddirectlyfrommeasuresofenergycontentusinganaverageconversionfactorandhavebeenstandardisedusingaGrossCalorificValue(GCV)of40MJ/m3,theydonotnecessarilyequatewithgasvolumesexpressedintheoriginaldatabases.^Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.BacktocontentsGrowthrateperannumShareMilliontonnesofcarbondioxideequivalent2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada600.4615.8625.0625.3607.9628.0641.2628.4565.8578.9591.42.2%-0.2%1.5%Mexico566.9570.3557.6553.9563.6569.4554.5544.3487.1524.0577.510.2%0.2%1.5%US5433.95609.75647.65540.35414.45373.45577.75473.04908.75210.35297.71.7%-0.3%13.5%TotalNorthAmerica6601.26795.86830.36719.56585.96570.86773.46645.75961.56313.16466.62.4%-0.2%16.4%Argentina212.7218.4218.6222.1220.2218.4217.6208.4193.3219.5226.93.4%0.6%0.6%Brazil513.3544.7573.0555.4514.3518.5498.0494.3469.2524.0506.0-3.4%-0.1%1.3%Chile87.190.488.788.993.895.294.896.286.595.091.0-4.2%0.4%0.2%Colombia116.4122.2128.8121.1134.5127.0127.9130.8112.8121.7129.56.4%1.1%0.3%Ecuador44.347.750.549.247.245.647.946.639.046.349.15.9%1.0%0.1%Peru52.053.955.557.561.258.660.462.350.258.463.99.6%2.1%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago33.634.433.432.028.928.327.724.421.220.720.6-0.8%-4.8%0.1%Venezuela356.5361.7350.9342.8310.4284.2241.5203.4149.8168.0185.410.4%-6.3%0.5%CentralAmerica63.064.566.373.275.976.476.584.271.681.184.54.1%3.0%0.2%OtherCaribbean110.1107.1108.3112.2115.1110.8113.5115.9106.0104.9106.81.8%-0.3%0.3%OtherSouthAmerica42.643.744.845.447.247.848.548.341.949.751.23.0%1.9%0.1%TotalS.&Cent.America1631.61688.81718.81699.81648.71610.91554.11514.91341.51489.31514.81.7%-0.7%3.9%Austria64.765.160.962.963.866.664.666.258.560.757.8-4.7%-1.1%0.1%Belgium118.9120.0111.7117.7119.4121.2128.1124.6108.0116.3110.9-4.6%-0.7%0.3%Bulgaria48.543.145.648.745.848.745.444.138.544.448.89.8%0.1%0.1%Croatia18.618.217.918.318.719.218.318.116.717.117.20.9%-0.8%†CzechRepublic116.6111.4108.3109.2111.1110.9109.9104.594.098.399.61.3%-1.6%0.3%Denmark42.144.340.637.939.536.837.033.527.930.129.5-1.9%-3.5%0.1%Estonia23.325.024.021.722.524.924.518.715.916.917.21.8%-3.0%†France345.0344.4310.4316.1321.9326.4315.3307.9259.6282.9277.9-1.8%-2.1%0.7%Germany791.0815.0768.2772.5787.6779.0750.8697.8623.2660.9652.4-1.3%-1.9%1.7%Greece94.585.581.879.075.780.078.374.059.962.966.45.4%-3.5%0.2%Hungary46.543.743.045.646.548.849.349.547.048.344.8-7.2%-0.4%0.1%Ireland39.939.038.940.643.142.142.040.335.938.138.82.0%-0.3%0.1%Italy386.3355.3331.7347.4343.8348.1348.7341.3298.1327.1329.80.8%-1.6%0.8%Lithuania12.812.111.411.812.112.313.113.012.612.812.3-4.3%-0.4%†Netherlands216.3212.0203.1210.5208.5205.0198.5193.8173.0177.2169.3-4.5%-2.4%0.4%NorthMacedonia9.48.37.87.57.37.88.58.46.96.97.46.8%-2.4%†Norway39.639.338.238.237.337.137.136.034.634.933.9-3.1%-1.5%0.1%Poland315.9317.7301.2301.2314.2324.0329.3311.1292.9319.1305.0-4.4%-0.3%0.8%Romania91.879.380.982.079.082.883.481.874.378.875.6-4.1%-1.9%0.2%Slovakia33.833.931.531.932.434.533.831.529.432.731.8-2.7%-0.6%0.1%Slovenia15.114.513.113.114.014.314.413.812.412.612.60.4%-1.7%†Spain315.8283.1281.7297.7290.4308.2303.2285.5231.7252.3269.26.7%-1.6%0.7%Sweden50.549.447.447.948.046.946.348.544.041.342.12.1%-1.8%0.1%Türkiye351.4342.4375.1380.4401.8441.7435.9425.7424.8463.8453.2-2.3%2.6%1.2%Ukraine310.0297.9257.4204.9225.7197.5208.8195.6181.4177.7117.8-33.7%-9.2%0.3%UnitedKingdom521.0509.5468.3451.8428.5417.2409.1393.9332.7352.4354.80.7%-3.8%0.9%OtherEurope299.6301.3280.9292.0297.8306.0301.6296.1268.1263.2263.60.2%-1.3%0.7%TotalEurope4718.84610.74381.34388.14436.54487.94434.84255.33801.94029.83939.9-2.2%-1.8%10.0%Azerbaijan40.841.141.443.442.741.343.344.144.247.147.40.7%1.5%0.1%Belarus64.664.163.158.258.459.364.665.159.560.659.1-2.4%-0.9%0.2%Kazakhstan274.7279.1285.0239.3258.5277.2286.7281.2263.3274.9286.94.4%0.4%0.7%RussianFederation2084.72060.52055.22029.52056.72054.52138.62141.32014.22175.22024.0-6.9%-0.3%5.1%Turkmenistan131.5133.2133.8146.4143.6142.4151.7152.2163.8180.4183.51.7%3.4%0.5%Uzbekistan138.0139.5140.4134.3130.2132.9139.1139.4140.1148.2150.91.8%0.9%0.4%OtherCIS28.727.930.531.632.233.738.437.037.139.137.3-4.8%2.7%0.1%TotalCIS2762.82745.52749.52682.92722.32741.42862.42860.22722.32925.42789.0-4.7%0.1%7.1%Iran722.2729.2750.9746.1800.2823.5848.2841.0864.5888.4904.81.8%2.3%2.3%Iraq207.6226.4232.8251.9282.9302.1307.7315.3281.2291.1314.58.0%4.2%0.8%Israel76.769.566.969.668.769.469.471.464.864.868.04.9%-1.2%0.2%Kuwait113.3119.6121.1123.3123.9123.1126.2116.2108.4113.1120.56.6%0.6%0.3%Oman76.787.887.491.894.295.999.999.894.6102.6106.84.1%3.4%0.3%Qatar111.9125.1134.5148.0147.9140.0143.3148.8130.4138.4134.6-2.7%1.9%0.3%SaudiArabia612.3629.1669.7709.0745.8734.5719.1680.3659.3675.8724.07.1%1.7%1.8%UnitedArabEmirates263.5280.7277.2301.3311.2301.4296.0301.6281.2307.7327.86.5%2.2%0.8%OtherMiddleEast180.9174.1169.8148.9141.1150.2145.8145.1136.9141.6146.43.4%-2.1%0.4%TotalMiddleEast2365.12441.52510.32589.92715.82740.22755.52719.42621.12723.42847.44.6%1.9%7.2%Algeria190.2206.7219.1225.7228.8231.6239.5243.2229.2247.4246.0-0.6%2.6%0.6%Egypt244.2248.5248.7251.9265.9269.7266.5258.2249.7268.0284.36.1%1.5%0.7%Morocco60.060.661.962.262.565.366.873.066.774.271.7-3.4%1.8%0.2%SouthAfrica499.6501.2506.0494.0513.0508.8490.9513.1483.6473.6456.2-3.7%-0.9%1.2%EasternAfrica96.6109.3123.3128.7127.4137.5143.3143.5134.7143.8149.43.9%4.5%0.4%MiddleAfrica104.0100.1106.6110.3108.9102.2100.8100.993.192.089.0-3.4%-1.6%0.2%WesternAfrica187.6181.8180.3194.6195.5206.7225.6235.2232.1239.7237.3-1.0%2.4%0.6%OtherNorthernAfrica153.7140.3123.0117.6117.4137.2147.0150.9104.7167.1157.3-5.9%0.2%0.4%OtherSouthernAfrica12.512.714.014.013.914.915.614.912.814.415.910.3%2.4%†TotalAfrica1548.51561.11582.81599.11633.41673.91695.91732.81606.51720.31707.0-0.8%1.0%4.3%Australia446.6448.3456.4467.0464.5464.3462.9472.5441.1431.1437.01.4%-0.2%1.1%Bangladesh70.073.876.694.995.4100.4107.3119.6114.1119.0124.95.0%6.0%0.3%China10156.910443.710502.110374.110202.710482.710876.111258.111499.711969.311876.9-0.8%1.6%30.2%ChinaHongKongSAR89.392.290.491.393.499.5100.895.268.765.158.6-10.0%-4.1%0.1%India2009.72087.52248.12321.42425.22493.62613.22645.42450.32700.52865.26.1%3.6%7.3%Indonesia609.2578.8586.4595.7596.0617.1663.9712.4651.5657.3839.627.7%3.3%2.1%Japan1324.91314.61280.81240.41220.61214.41192.71150.71061.11095.91093.3-0.2%-1.9%2.8%Malaysia248.5260.2271.5275.5280.1267.1276.4281.5273.8281.7298.56.0%1.9%0.8%NewZealand37.437.036.937.536.438.438.139.534.533.831.6-6.3%-1.7%0.1%Pakistan168.7171.3177.6186.2203.2215.0223.1222.6237.4263.1237.0-9.9%3.5%0.6%Philippines92.0100.7107.0117.3127.3140.9146.5153.2138.0145.6156.47.4%5.5%0.4%SouthKorea641.5649.0644.1652.1663.5671.7687.3663.7614.4630.3618.2-1.9%-0.4%1.6%Taiwan275.0276.7282.6282.1286.4292.3290.3284.8271.6286.2278.2-2.8%0.1%0.7%Thailand299.7300.4309.2316.4325.1324.5330.0325.3308.5304.7307.10.8%0.2%0.8%Vietnam171.5179.3197.8231.3248.1255.4303.7361.9358.8349.7353.11.0%7.5%0.9%OtherAsiaPacific347.4338.0353.5378.4411.1467.8470.7484.7478.2481.4475.0-1.3%3.2%1.2%TotalAsiaPacific16988.417351.517621.017661.617679.018145.218783.019271.219001.619814.720050.71.2%1.7%51.0%TotalWorld36616.437194.837393.937340.837421.537970.338859.038999.537056.539015.939315.50.8%0.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD13450.913569.213394.113302.813202.713253.813389.113049.611733.412368.812486.10.9%-0.7%31.8%Non-OECD23165.523625.723999.824038.024218.824716.525469.925949.925323.126647.226829.40.7%1.5%68.2%EuropeanUnion#3328.83251.23088.63149.23176.63223.83175.63035.22668.12843.72822.6-0.7%-1.6%7.2%†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Theemissionsabovearethesumofcarbondioxideemissionsfromenergy,carbondioxideemissionsfromflaring,methaneemissions,incarbondioxideequivalent,associatedwiththeproduction,transportationanddistributionoffossilfuels,andcarbondioxideemissionsfromindustrialprocesses.Dataisshownonlyfrom1990toavoidstructuralbreaksintheseries.Datapriorto1990canbefoundintheindividualcomponentemissionstableswhereavailable.14EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023CarbonCarbondioxideequivalentemissionsfromenergy,processemissions,methane,andflaringBacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202315OilProductioninthousandsofbarrelsperdayGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsdaily2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada374040004271438844644813524453725130541455763.0%4.1%5.9%Mexico291228822792259324612227207219211912192819440.9%-4.0%2.1%US8932101031180812784123571314215323171391649216679177706.5%7.1%18.9%TotalNorthAmerica15584169861887019765192812018322638244322353424020252905.3%5.0%26.9%Argentina65764463864661059059162060162870612.4%0.7%0.8%Brazil214521102341252526072731269128903030299031073.9%3.8%3.3%Colombia944101099010068868548658867817367542.4%-2.2%0.8%Ecuador5055275575435485315175314794734811.7%-0.5%0.5%Peru1571711751531411361391441311281280.5%-2.0%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago11711611410997998782767774-3.6%-4.5%0.1%Venezuela270426802692286425662207164110376606767318.1%-12.3%0.8%OtherS.&Cent.America14815215414613513312812218722638168.5%9.9%0.4%TotalS.&Cent.America737674117661799175897282666063135946593363617.2%-1.5%6.8%Denmark204178167158142138116103726665-1.6%-10.8%0.1%Italy1121141201137886978911210092-7.9%-1.9%0.1%Norway19171838188619461997197218511763200620281901-6.3%-0.1%2.0%Romania8386848379767575727065-6.2%-2.4%0.1%UnitedKingdom94786585496410151005109211181049874778-11.0%-2.0%0.8%OtherEurope337345340332314304309303290289230-20.5%-3.7%0.2%TotalEurope36003426345135963624358135393450360134273131-8.6%-1.4%3.3%Azerbaijan882888861851838793796775714726685-5.6%-2.5%0.7%Kazakhstan16621720170116721637181319001903179618051769-2.0%0.6%1.9%RussianFederation10656108071092711087113421137411562116791066611000112021.8%0.5%11.9%Turkmenistan2442562632712702692592542192422441.0%†0.3%Uzbekistan7269636057616467616363-0.9%–0.1%OtherCIS35353536363738393941434.4%1.9%†TotalCIS13552137751385013976141811434614618147171349613877140060.9%0.3%14.9%Iran381036093714385345784854462034073120365338224.6%†4.1%Iraq3079309932393986442345384632477941144102452010.2%3.9%4.8%Kuwait3173313431063069315030093050297627212704302812.0%-0.5%3.2%Oman918942943981100497197897195197110649.6%1.5%1.1%Qatar192019341892184418461783179817371703173617681.8%-0.8%1.9%SaudiArabia116221139311519119981240611892122611183211039109541213610.8%0.4%12.9%Syria17159332725252434439693-2.7%-5.9%0.1%UnitedArabEmirates3394354035923876402038803894398436793640402010.4%1.7%4.3%Yemen1781971536343719495888381-2.4%-7.6%0.1%OtherMiddleEast1842082142132142082072142022082101.2%1.4%0.2%TotalMiddleEast28448281162840529910317093123131558300292766128147307439.2%0.8%32.8%Algeria153714851589155815771540151114871332135314748.9%-0.4%1.6%Angola173417381701179617451671151914201325117711901.1%-3.7%1.3%Chad1019189111117981161271261161246.2%2.1%0.1%RepublicofCongo280243253234232270330336307274269-1.7%-0.4%0.3%Egypt7157107147266916606746536326086130.8%-1.5%0.7%EquatorialGuinea320282284260223195176160158131119-9.2%-9.4%0.1%Gabon2212132112142212101932182071811915.4%-1.5%0.2%Libya153910485184374129291165122842512691088-14.3%-3.4%1.2%Nigeria24092276227321991898196620042100182716341450-11.2%-5.0%1.5%SouthSudan31100155148137147144172165153141-7.6%16.3%0.2%Sudan103118120109–707472636462-3.3%-5.0%0.1%Tunisia7368635754464441374540-12.9%-6.0%†OtherAfrica208242247276270317315348331293283-3.4%3.1%0.3%TotalAfrica92718612821881237576812182678361693772987043-3.5%-2.7%7.5%Australia472401420378353322343458454444420-5.2%-1.2%0.4%Brunei15913512612712111311212111010792-13.8%-5.3%0.1%China415542164246430939993846380238483901399441112.9%-0.1%4.4%India926921915904895898893851794766737-3.8%-2.3%0.8%Indonesia917871847838873837808781742692644-6.9%-3.5%0.7%Malaysia663627649696726718713672622577567-1.7%-1.5%0.6%Thailand471466464481489486475475421401331-17.5%-3.5%0.4%Vietnam347346325352317284257236207196194-1.2%-5.7%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific288270292293277269230227204198177-10.6%-4.8%0.2%TotalAsiaPacific83978254828483788051777476327669745673737273-1.4%-1.4%7.7%TotalWorld86228865798873991739920129251994914949728863090076938484.2%0.9%100.0%ofwhich:OECD20457216692359024608240112481127247290842823528493295143.6%3.7%31.4%Non-OECD65770649106514967131680006770867666658876039661582643334.5%-0.2%68.6%OPEC35820347403469336342374493716336997349653091531748340387.2%-0.5%36.3%Non-OPEC50408518395404655397545625535657917600075771558328598092.5%1.7%63.7%EuropeanUnion#572560553536471465448414393369343-7.0%-5.0%0.4%Includescrudeoil,shaleoil,oilsands,condensates(leasecondensateorgascondensatesthatrequirefurtherrefining)andNGLs(naturalgasliquids–ethane,LPGandnaphthaseparatedfromtheproductionofnaturalgas).Excludesliquidfuelsfromothersourcessuchasbiofuelsandsyntheticderivativesofcoalandnaturalgas.Thisalsoexcludesliquidfueladjustmentfactorssuchasrefineryprocessinggain.Excludesoilshales/kerogenextractedinsolidform.^Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Note:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.Backtocontents16EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023OilProductioninmilliontonnesGrowthrateperannumShareMilliontonnes2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada182.9195.4209.8216.1218.8236.6257.7263.5252.0266.6274.02.8%4.1%6.2%Mexico143.9142.1137.3127.7121.5109.6102.495.095.196.597.71.2%-3.8%2.2%US395.3448.7524.7567.1542.8574.3669.7751.2713.3715.2759.56.2%6.7%17.2%TotalNorthAmerica722.1786.2871.8911.0883.1920.51029.81109.61060.41078.31131.14.9%4.6%25.7%Argentina30.830.229.830.028.627.227.528.827.729.132.812.8%0.6%0.7%Brazil112.4110.2122.5132.2136.7142.6140.6151.2159.3156.9163.14.0%3.8%3.7%Colombia49.953.252.253.046.845.045.646.741.338.839.72.4%-2.3%0.9%Ecuador27.128.229.829.129.528.527.728.525.825.325.81.7%-0.5%0.6%Peru6.97.37.56.55.85.75.96.15.55.35.41.6%-2.4%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago5.25.15.14.84.34.43.93.73.43.53.4-3.0%-4.2%0.1%Venezuela139.3137.8138.5147.6132.6113.684.352.733.634.437.38.6%-12.3%0.8%OtherS.&Cent.America7.57.67.77.46.86.76.46.29.411.319.068.2%9.8%0.4%TotalS.&Cent.America379.0379.6393.1410.7391.2373.7341.9323.9305.9304.6326.57.2%-1.5%7.4%Denmark10.08.78.17.76.96.75.65.03.53.23.2-1.6%-10.8%0.1%Italy5.45.55.85.53.84.14.74.35.44.84.5-7.9%-1.9%0.1%Norway87.082.985.087.690.388.983.379.892.193.989.0-5.2%0.2%2.0%Romania4.04.14.14.03.83.63.63.63.53.33.1-6.0%-2.4%0.1%UnitedKingdom44.640.639.945.347.446.650.951.849.040.936.2-11.3%-2.0%0.8%OtherEurope16.717.117.016.615.715.115.315.014.414.311.6-19.1%-3.6%0.3%TotalEurope167.7159.0159.8166.7167.9165.1163.4159.5167.9160.5147.6-8.1%-1.3%3.3%Azerbaijan43.743.842.542.041.439.139.238.035.035.333.3-5.5%-2.7%0.8%Kazakhstan79.281.880.879.578.086.290.490.685.785.984.1-2.0%0.6%1.9%RussianFederation526.7532.2537.4544.6558.5558.5567.9573.4524.4538.8548.51.8%0.4%12.4%Turkmenistan12.012.512.913.213.213.112.512.210.411.611.60.3%-0.3%0.3%Uzbekistan3.33.22.92.72.62.82.93.02.82.92.8-0.8%-1.6%0.1%OtherCIS1.81.81.81.81.81.81.91.92.02.02.14.4%1.9%†TotalCIS666.8675.2678.2683.8695.5701.5714.7719.1660.2676.4682.60.9%0.2%15.5%Iran180.5169.7174.0180.2216.1231.9219.6158.6144.4168.8176.54.6%-0.2%4.0%Iraq151.3151.9158.8195.6217.6222.4227.0234.2202.0200.8221.310.2%3.9%5.0%Kuwait154.0151.4150.2148.2152.7145.0146.8143.4131.2129.9145.712.2%-0.5%3.3%Oman45.046.146.248.049.347.647.847.346.146.851.49.9%1.3%1.2%Qatar81.981.779.977.477.674.875.172.371.772.874.11.7%-1.0%1.7%SaudiArabia549.2538.4543.8568.0586.7559.3576.8556.6519.6515.0573.111.3%0.4%13.0%Syria8.12.71.51.21.11.11.11.52.04.64.6-0.8%-5.6%0.1%UnitedArabEmirates154.9161.6162.9175.1181.6174.9176.0179.9165.9163.4181.110.8%1.6%4.1%Yemen8.19.06.92.61.63.04.14.13.83.53.4-2.7%-8.3%0.1%OtherMiddleEast9.010.310.510.510.610.210.210.49.910.210.31.1%1.3%0.2%TotalMiddleEast1342.11322.81334.81406.91495.01470.21484.41408.31296.51315.91441.69.5%0.7%32.7%Algeria67.264.868.867.268.466.665.364.357.658.263.69.4%-0.5%1.4%Angola85.385.283.388.285.881.674.169.164.657.157.81.1%-3.8%1.3%Chad5.34.84.75.86.15.26.16.76.66.16.56.2%2.0%0.1%RepublicofCongo14.212.312.911.911.913.816.917.215.814.013.8-1.7%-0.3%0.3%Egypt34.734.435.135.433.832.232.831.831.129.629.91.1%-1.5%0.7%EquatorialGuinea15.213.213.312.110.39.08.17.47.46.15.5-9.8%-9.7%0.1%Gabon11.110.710.510.711.010.59.710.910.49.09.55.4%-1.5%0.2%Libya72.649.424.420.519.343.854.957.820.059.651.0-14.5%-3.5%1.2%Nigeria116.4109.4109.2105.791.394.496.3101.188.478.469.0-12.0%-5.1%1.6%SouthSudan1.54.97.77.36.87.37.18.48.17.56.9-7.6%16.3%0.2%Sudan5.15.85.95.4–3.43.73.63.13.23.1-3.3%-5.0%0.1%Tunisia3.43.12.92.62.52.12.01.91.72.11.8-13.2%-6.0%†OtherAfrica10.312.012.213.713.515.715.517.116.314.413.8-3.7%2.9%0.3%TotalAfrica442.3409.9390.8386.4360.7385.5392.6397.3331.1345.3332.3-3.8%-2.8%7.5%Australia21.217.618.616.815.413.914.719.319.118.417.5-5.0%-1.9%0.4%Brunei7.86.66.26.25.95.55.45.95.45.24.5-13.8%-5.4%0.1%China207.5210.0211.4214.6199.7191.5189.3191.6194.8198.9204.72.9%-0.1%4.6%India42.542.241.641.240.640.439.537.535.134.033.0-2.8%-2.5%0.7%Indonesia44.642.441.040.642.640.939.538.236.433.831.4-7.0%-3.4%0.7%Malaysia30.128.729.832.233.332.932.530.628.326.025.5-2.0%-1.6%0.6%Thailand17.317.116.917.618.117.617.016.915.114.111.6-17.6%-3.9%0.3%Vietnam17.016.915.917.215.513.912.411.410.09.59.3-1.2%-5.8%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific12.611.913.013.112.412.010.310.19.28.98.0-10.6%-4.5%0.2%TotalAsiaPacific400.5393.4394.4399.4383.5368.6360.7361.5353.4348.7345.6-0.9%-1.5%7.8%TotalWorld4120.54126.14222.94364.84377.04384.94487.64479.24175.54229.84407.24.2%0.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD953.71008.41095.31140.51106.61138.11246.71328.11282.11289.51331.83.3%3.4%30.2%Non-OECD3166.83117.73127.63224.23270.43246.83240.93151.02893.42940.23075.44.6%-0.3%69.8%OPEC1711.11655.81650.71731.11785.41766.81755.91653.21460.81494.81605.37.4%-0.6%36.4%Non-OPEC2409.32470.32572.22633.72591.62618.22731.72826.02714.72734.92801.92.4%1.5%63.6%EuropeanUnion#28.027.427.026.123.122.721.920.219.218.016.7-7.1%-5.0%0.4%Includescrudeoil,shaleoil,oilsands,condensates(leasecondensateorgascondensatesthatrequirefurtherrefining)andNGLs(naturalgasliquids–ethane,LPGandnaphthaseparatedfromtheproductionofnaturalgas).Excludesliquidfuelsfromothersourcessuchasbiofuelsandsyntheticderivativesofcoalandnaturalgas.Thisalsoexcludesliquidfueladjustmentfactorssuchasrefineryprocessinggain.Excludesoilshales/kerogenextractedinsolidform.^Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingmilliontonnesfigures.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202317OilCrudeoilandcondensateproductioninthousandsofbarrelsperdayGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsdaily2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada325034863758386338684216459646904470474548682.6%4.1%6.0%Mexico254825222429226721541948183317011705175617851.6%-3.5%2.2%US65247497879394428848935910953123151131811254118875.6%6.2%14.6%TotalNorthAmerica12322135051498015571148691552417383187061749317755185394.4%4.2%22.8%Argentina54954053253251148048950948151458213.4%0.6%0.7%Brazil206120242255243725102622258727882940290530224.0%3.9%3.7%Colombia944101099010068868548658867817367542.4%-2.2%0.9%Ecuador5045265575435485315175314794734811.7%-0.5%0.6%Peru112118121104918892958482864.5%-2.6%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago8281817971726359576058-2.4%-3.3%0.1%Venezuela25802564257827472461210315539586086276849.1%-12.4%0.8%OtherS.&Cent.America13113513913312311911410917421336873.2%10.9%0.5%TotalS.&Cent.America696369997254758172006869628159355604560960367.6%-1.4%7.4%Denmark204178167158142138116103726665-1.6%-10.8%0.1%Italy1121141201137886978911210092-7.9%-1.9%0.1%Norway16121532156216081647162015161462171517761704-4.0%0.6%2.1%Romania7983828076737271686662-5.8%-2.4%0.1%UnitedKingdom88581079190393391310021019961807711-11.9%-2.2%0.9%OtherEurope318328325318298285290286275273222-18.8%-3.5%0.3%TotalEurope32103046304631803174311530933030320330892857-7.5%-1.2%3.5%Azerbaijan872877849840826781783762702707668-5.5%-2.6%0.8%Kazakhstan16621720170116721637181319001903179618051769-2.0%0.6%2.2%RussianFederation10395105281047910617108631089811083111861019210455106692.0%0.3%13.1%Turkmenistan231239246254250248236228189215213-0.6%-0.8%0.3%Uzbekistan7269636057616467616363-0.9%-1.3%0.1%OtherCIS35353536363738393941434.4%1.9%0.1%TotalCIS13267134681337313478136701383914104141851298013287134241.0%0.1%16.5%Iran339831923273339240904490424230232734318433134.1%-0.3%4.1%Iraq3037305831983945437544734568471240494032444610.2%3.9%5.5%Kuwait2890284728302782286027042737267824382415270712.1%-0.7%3.3%Oman918942943981100497197897195197110649.6%1.5%1.3%Qatar148414631426137413731333132812661276129713181.6%-1.2%1.6%SaudiArabia9987987599411042010688101751053310145943093941050911.9%0.5%12.9%Syria14645231917171625338684-2.8%-5.4%0.1%UnitedArabEmirates2915305830533262336632503293334530723016336411.5%1.4%4.1%Yemen1541731283816446767605553-3.6%-10.1%0.1%OtherMiddleEast1731992042032041981961961841931950.8%1.2%0.2%TotalMiddleEast25102248502501926416279942765527957264272422824643270519.8%0.8%33.3%Algeria1320127513291290131612871259123910991105122010.4%-0.8%1.5%Angola171417161672178017221632147913731278113011441.2%-4.0%1.4%Chad1019189111117981161271261161246.2%2.1%0.2%RepublicofCongo268234245227225263323329300267262-1.7%-0.2%0.3%Egypt6496436676626316036175975875615681.3%-1.3%0.7%EquatorialGuinea299261266242204174157144143119107-10.1%-9.8%0.1%Gabon2212132112142212101932182071811915.4%-1.5%0.2%Libya149910255104223979091144120141012301048-14.7%-3.5%1.3%Nigeria23302193218821191822189019222014176515561350-13.3%-5.3%1.7%SouthSudan31100155148137147144172165153141-7.6%16.3%0.2%Sudan103118120109–707472636462-3.3%-5.0%0.1%Tunisia6962585249424138344337-13.6%-5.9%†OtherAfrica208242247276270317315347328286272-4.8%2.7%0.3%TotalAfrica88138173775676517109764277847870650768116526-4.2%-3.0%8.0%Australia405335353322290263284361351335319-4.8%-2.4%0.4%Brunei1461221141151091011001101009885-13.8%-5.3%0.1%China415542164246430939993846380238483901399441112.9%-0.1%5.1%India786785778772752744719677636619609-1.5%-2.5%0.8%Indonesia859825789786829801772745708659612-7.1%-3.3%0.8%Malaysia598588610662667660653610556511502-1.7%-1.7%0.6%Thailand239241233248258240228228202177143-19.1%-5.0%0.2%Vietnam339337315342308275243225195185182-1.3%-6.0%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific243233257261246237204202184181161-10.8%-4.0%0.2%TotalAsiaPacific77707681769578167457716770057006683467586724-0.5%-1.4%8.3%TotalWorld77447777227912381693814758181183606831587684977952811574.1%0.5%100.0%ofwhich:OECD16735177401922519942190901963021490228482169821789223862.7%3.0%27.6%Non-OECD60711599825989761752623856218162116603115515056163587714.6%-0.3%72.4%OPEC32459315113129432841337463356033403313782753428255303437.4%-0.7%37.4%Non-OPEC44988462124782948852477294825050203517804931449697508142.2%1.2%62.6%EuropeanUnion556546540523457451436403383359334-7.0%-5.0%0.4%Includescrudeoil,shale/tightoil,oilsands,leasecondensateorgascondensatesthatrequirefurtherrefining.Excludesliquidfuelsfromothersourcessuchasbiomassandsyntheticderivativesofcoalandnaturalgas.†Lessthan0.05%.Note:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.Backtocontents18EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023OilNaturalgasliquidsproductioninthousandsofbarrelsperdayGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsdaily2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada4905145135255955976476826606697085.9%3.8%5.6%Mexico364360363326307279238220206171160-6.6%-7.9%1.3%US240826063015334235093783436948245175542558838.4%9.3%46.4%TotalNorthAmerica326234803890419444124659525557266041626567517.8%7.5%53.2%Argentina107104105114991101021121201141237.8%1.4%1.0%Brazil84868788971101041029084851.0%0.2%0.7%Colombia––––––––––––––Ecuador11––––––––––-100.0%–Peru4554544950484749484643-6.6%-0.7%0.3%Trinidad&Tobago3534333025272423201715-7.9%-7.9%0.1%Venezuela1241161141171051048880524947-5.0%-9.3%0.4%OtherS.&Cent.America1617141312151413131312-7.0%-2.9%0.1%TotalS.&Cent.America4134124074113894143793783423233250.6%-2.4%2.6%Denmark––––––––––––––Italy––––––––––––––Norway306305324338349352335300292252196-22.0%-4.3%1.5%Romania43334334443-12.9%-1.2%†UnitedKingdom6255626082929099886767-0.8%0.8%0.5%OtherEurope191715151619191715168-48.6%-7.9%0.1%TotalEurope390380405416451466447420399339275-18.9%-3.5%2.2%Azerbaijan1011121111111213121918-6.0%5.4%0.1%Kazakhstan––––––––––––––RussianFederation260278448470479476479493474544533-2.0%7.4%4.2%Turkmenistan141717172021232730273114.1%8.6%0.2%Uzbekistan––––––––––––––OtherCIS––––––––––––––TotalCIS284307477498510508514533516590582-1.4%7.4%4.6%Iran4124184414614883643783843864695098.5%2.1%4.0%Iraq42414041486464686470745.8%6.0%0.6%Kuwait28328727628829030531329928328932111.4%1.3%2.5%Oman––––––––––––––Qatar4374714664704734504714704274394502.5%0.3%3.5%SaudiArabia163515181577157817181717172816871609156016284.3%†12.8%Syria25141088889101010-1.8%-8.9%0.1%UnitedArabEmirates4794825396146546306006396086256565.0%3.2%5.2%Yemen2424252626272828282828–1.5%0.2%OtherMiddleEast10101010101011191815166.5%4.2%0.1%TotalMiddleEast334632663386349437153575360236023433350436915.4%1.0%29.1%Algeria2162102602682612542522472332482542.3%1.6%2.0%Angola2022301623394047474747-0.9%8.9%0.4%Chad––––––––––––––RepublicofCongo129877777777–-4.8%0.1%Egypt6667476460575856444744-4.3%-3.9%0.4%EquatorialGuinea2021191719211917151212-0.7%-5.2%0.1%Gabon––––––––––––––Libya4022815152021271540401.1%†0.3%Nigeria7982868076778285617810029.2%2.4%0.8%SouthSudan––––––––––––––Sudan––––––––––––––Tunisia56555443322–-6.4%†OtherAfrica––––––11371154.7%-0.1%TotalAfrica4584404624724674794834914294885186.2%1.2%4.1%Australia6766675664596097103109101-6.7%4.2%0.8%Brunei13131211121312121087-13.8%-5.5%0.1%China––––––––––––––India140136136133143153174174158147128-13.1%-0.8%1.0%Indonesia5846585244363635343332-2.7%-5.7%0.3%Malaysia6539393559586062676664-1.6%-0.1%0.5%Thailand232225231233231247247246219224188-16.2%-2.1%1.5%Vietnam81010910913121211120.7%3.5%0.1%OtherAsiaPacific4538363331322626211716-8.1%-10.1%0.1%TotalAsiaPacific628572589561594607627664622616548-10.9%-1.3%4.3%TotalWorld87818857961610046105371070811307118131178212124126904.7%3.8%100.0%ofwhich:OECD372239294364466749225181575762376536670571286.3%6.7%56.2%Non–OECD505949285252537956155527555055775245541955622.6%1.0%43.8%OPEC336232303398350137043602359435873381349336955.8%0.9%29.1%Non–OPEC542056286218654568337106771482268401863189954.2%5.2%70.9%EuropeanUnion1714131314141211101010-7.3%-5.3%0.1%Source:IncludesdatafromFGEIranService,ICISHerenEnergyLtd.Includesethane,LPGandnaphthaseparatedfromtheproductionofnaturalgas.Excludescondensates.^Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%.Note:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202319OilTotalliquidsconsumptioninthousandsofbarrelsperdayGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsdaily2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada247824712467248724942471254225532185227523523.4%-0.5%2.3%Mexico2231217220932044209120441925182216101756210619.9%-0.6%2.1%US18482189671910019532196921995220512205431818619890202802.0%0.9%20.2%TotalNorthAmerica23191236092366024062242772446724978249182198023921247383.4%0.6%24.7%Argentina6667117097297137136846085276587118.1%0.7%0.7%Brazil298331273267319230043045301330762873303931583.9%0.6%3.1%Chile3503483473403593663793783463803994.9%1.3%0.4%Colombia33335237334141040641341635044849911.3%4.1%0.5%Ecuador2332472602542402372552492032492656.6%1.3%0.3%Peru2122242212362512572642722112602693.6%2.4%0.3%Trinidad&Tobago40454145474441242424241.5%-4.8%†Venezuela78583574669753749341033920322626818.4%-10.2%0.3%CentralAmerica3643713844224384544504874154765066.3%3.3%0.5%OtherCaribbean6205905906196376166236135255155353.9%-1.5%0.5%OtherSouthAmerica1942012022082212252342391982472501.2%2.5%0.2%TotalS.&Cent.America678070527141708268576855676867025875652268835.5%0.2%6.9%Austria256262255255260263268277241249242-2.7%-0.6%0.2%Belgium594612606619625632679639557618582-5.8%-0.2%0.6%Bulgaria868188981011051051099910411611.6%3.0%0.1%Croatia666466686873717160657110.6%0.9%0.1%Cyprus51464647515352524446496.6%-0.5%†CzechRepublic1961881991911792132142181902092121.5%0.8%0.2%Denmark1491501501521531521541541281411452.9%-0.3%0.1%Estonia3231292929303027292826-7.8%-2.2%†Finland1992132072072102082082081871831998.8%†0.2%France166916571610161115961607160515991371150315100.5%-1.0%1.5%Germany235224042344233623742443232523392132211721501.6%-0.9%2.1%Greece30728528429729730129830825126629912.3%-0.3%0.3%Hungary133131147157155168180181168182180-1.5%3.1%0.2%Iceland141516171921232013131836.1%2.2%†Ireland1391411411461521531581591341451588.8%1.3%0.2%Italy140112891220129312841304133112771064118412455.1%-1.2%1.2%Latvia33343436373834393536373.9%1.0%†Lithuania55535357616468696566670.7%2.0%0.1%Luxembourg5958575656596364525652-7.3%-1.2%0.1%Netherlands9909539449359399479329068668669074.7%-0.9%0.9%NorthMacedonia19191920222121222022248.8%2.4%†Norway218229218220217223229223212216201-6.9%-0.8%0.2%Poland5705375385586056626857026647017506.9%2.8%0.7%Portugal2312412472462482462452532092162316.8%†0.2%Romania1911741871912022132192302162272291.0%1.9%0.2%Slovakia75757178809091868691943.2%2.3%0.1%Slovenia545150495254565446495613.8%0.4%0.1%Spain128511911188123312781291132513251087118712989.3%0.1%1.3%Sweden309307305303319320305325285284283-0.1%-0.9%0.3%Switzerland2382492242272162222152201841851913.1%-2.2%0.2%Türkiye70475677492297610259931003939100610453.9%4.0%1.0%Ukraine287275245216229231241242229232202-12.8%-3.4%0.2%UnitedKingdom152415001506154615891613159715681222125213638.9%-1.1%1.4%OtherEurope3002982953053263423393493253173314.4%1.0%0.3%TotalEurope14787145721436214723150051538515359153211340914060145613.6%-0.2%14.5%Azerbaijan9299989897981021011001151226.7%2.9%0.1%Belarus214161164138147147171175167160152-4.6%-3.3%0.2%Kazakhstan28829730428930431333834530232842228.7%3.9%0.4%RussianFederation318432183365327733393345337934423299348935802.6%1.2%3.6%Turkmenistan1291371431451431441451461471501542.5%1.8%0.2%Uzbekistan88838283868795951001111110.3%2.4%0.1%OtherCIS75787578868296898593952.5%2.4%0.1%TotalCIS407040744231410842024217432643924200444646374.3%1.3%4.6%Iran1763187917451564157316281700178017001735191210.2%0.8%1.9%Iraq61968868368573883078675662270077210.3%2.2%0.8%Israel27421320021121722723023220121023311.1%-1.6%0.2%Kuwait4574684794654394574734514244224312.3%-0.6%0.4%Oman15417618218618921122421717620022612.9%3.9%0.2%Qatar26030331235636933534736728931334710.6%2.9%0.3%SaudiArabia346734683789396441004052387136423445361038767.4%1.1%3.9%UnitedArabEmirates7668478819231006990988960904990112613.8%3.9%1.1%OtherMiddleEast6966546535675325705665454865035295.3%-2.7%0.5%TotalMiddleEast845586948923892191639301918589508247868194518.9%1.1%9.4%Algeria3703874014254124084134303854054398.4%1.7%0.4%Egypt75075979181083680172168659864475016.5%†0.7%Morocco2772822722682752912872932582912962.0%0.7%0.3%SouthAfrica5435545466025775785775694675055162.1%-0.5%0.5%EasternAfrica4694965175655816226416575996556682.0%3.6%0.7%MiddleAfrica230262278272247225229242207219208-5.2%-1.0%0.2%WesternAfrica5705905495596226837928207968669064.6%4.7%0.9%OtherNorthernAfrica3313473573182943043093132663213261.4%-0.2%0.3%OtherSouthernAfrica51545657565659585355584.4%1.3%0.1%TotalAfrica359237313766387739013968402740683630396141665.2%1.5%4.2%Australia1008103810321021102110681080106991994410127.1%†1.0%Bangladesh11511812915615918220820417121325319.0%8.2%0.3%China1012710648111071195912372130711373014400144691497014370-4.0%3.6%14.3%ChinaHongKongSAR344352335368380428435409285255219-14.1%-4.4%0.2%India370837513871418845934767503252154764488952888.2%3.6%5.3%Indonesia162615921606152415081612168316951547162417688.9%0.8%1.8%Japan46834507429341283997396538303708329233543354†-3.3%3.3%Malaysia76080781076284780581488274280392114.6%1.9%0.9%NewZealand1491511541601641741751791481481480.2%-0.1%0.1%Pakistan402442458505566589499446434503489-2.8%2.0%0.5%Philippines31032834839842846146547539142546910.2%4.2%0.5%Singapore11501147117212321300132013391312126412481199-3.9%0.4%1.2%SouthKorea247424882483259528212814281428042645282928741.6%1.5%2.9%SriLanka1099410611113513012613512311698-15.6%-1.1%0.1%Taiwan95298910181042104810331040987947990909-8.2%-0.5%0.9%Thailand114411701187122912581304133513521215122513258.2%1.5%1.3%Vietnam3573703884755245525815995064705159.6%3.7%0.5%OtherAsiaPacific3313483734294144775285575715946061.9%6.2%0.6%TotalAsiaPacific29749303413087232283335373475135715364253443635601358180.6%1.9%35.7%TotalWorld90625920739295695055969439894510035710077691776971931002553.2%1.0%100.0%ofwhich:OECD46295463684600846687473274788848268480084234445340468563.3%0.1%46.7%Non-OECD44330457054694848368496165105752089527684943251853533993.0%1.9%53.3%EuropeanUnion#11524112691110511290114561173511752117251031310861112353.4%-0.3%11.2%Inlanddemandplusinternationalaviationandmarinebunkersandrefineryfuelandloss.Consumptionofbiogasoline(suchasethanol),biodieselandderivativesofcoalandnaturalgasarealsoincluded.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Differencesbetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandworldproductionstatisticsareaccountedforbystockchanges,consumptionofnon-petroleumadditivesandsubstitutefuelsandunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofoilsupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.Backtocontents20EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023OilConsumptioninthousandsofbarrelsperdayGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsdaily2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada242024132408243124392408247624872124221022883.5%-0.6%2.4%Mexico2228216820872038208520381918181416011749209820.0%-0.6%2.2%US17581179921811118499185931884519417194241718318785191401.9%0.9%19.7%TotalNorthAmerica22229225732260622968231172329123811237262090922744235273.4%0.6%24.2%Argentina6456856786956776726455675046326787.2%0.5%0.7%Brazil257926512747258324532485236823612218239425124.9%-0.3%2.6%Chile3503483473403593663793783463803994.9%1.3%0.4%Colombia31733535632339338939239433142847811.7%4.2%0.5%Ecuador2332472602542392362552492032482646.6%1.3%0.3%Peru2042152132272412462542622022482583.7%2.4%0.3%Trinidad&Tobago40454145474441242424241.5%-4.8%†Venezuela78583574669753749341033920322626818.4%-10.2%0.3%CentralAmerica3643703834214374524494854144745046.3%3.3%0.5%OtherCaribbean6105815816106286066146045165065253.9%-1.5%0.5%OtherSouthAmerica1911971972022142182262311902382421.9%2.4%0.2%TotalS.&Cent.America631865116549639662256207603258945151579961536.1%-0.3%6.3%Austria245252242240247252256266231239232-2.7%-0.5%0.2%Belgium585603597612615620668628541600563-6.2%-0.4%0.6%Bulgaria8479859597102101105951001099.7%2.6%0.1%Croatia656365686873716959636910.8%0.7%0.1%Cyprus51464546515252524445486.6%-0.6%†CzechRepublic1891811921841722052072091812012041.7%0.8%0.2%Denmark1441441451461471461481481221341383.1%-0.4%0.1%Estonia3231292929303027282725-8.1%-2.5%†Finland1942081971962062002001991781681722.3%-1.2%0.2%France16091596154415441529154015381527130614281420-0.6%-1.2%1.5%Germany227623362273226923072374225522702049204220751.6%-0.9%2.1%Greece30528228129429329829430424626129412.8%-0.4%0.3%Hungary129128142153150164175176161175172-1.8%2.9%0.2%Iceland141516171921231913121737.1%1.9%†Ireland1371391381431501491551541301411527.7%1.1%0.2%Italy136712611196126412551274130012591039115812225.5%-1.1%1.3%Latvia33333435363734383334364.4%0.9%†Lithuania53525156606266676263641.2%1.9%0.1%Luxembourg5857555454576061495349-7.5%-1.6%0.1%Netherlands9819449349269329389188888468458854.7%-1.0%0.9%NorthMacedonia19191920222121222022248.8%2.4%†Norway215226216217210212221213203207192-7.1%-1.1%0.2%Poland5525205215425946466636796406767247.1%2.7%0.7%Portugal2252352412382412402392472032092257.7%†0.2%Romania1861701841861952062122212052172201.4%1.7%0.2%Slovakia72736874778687838387903.1%2.2%0.1%Slovenia535049495253555244475416.0%0.3%0.1%Spain123711691165120912521260128612871056115612689.6%0.2%1.3%Sweden292291285279289286273292255248243-2.1%-1.8%0.2%Switzerland2382492242262142192122161791811873.2%-2.4%0.2%Türkiye7027487719199741022989999937100310423.8%4.0%1.1%Ukraine287274244215228230240239227230200-12.8%-3.5%0.2%UnitedKingdom150014731476152115631588156415281184121713178.2%-1.3%1.4%OtherEurope3002982953053263423393483253173314.4%1.0%0.3%TotalEurope14429142441401414373146551500614947148921297313605140623.4%-0.3%14.5%Azerbaijan9299989897981021011001151226.7%2.9%0.1%Belarus213160164138147147171174167159152-4.4%-3.3%0.2%Kazakhstan28829730428930431333834530232842228.7%3.9%0.4%RussianFederation318432183365327733383343337634383294348335702.5%1.2%3.7%Turkmenistan1291371431451431441451461471501542.5%1.8%0.2%Uzbekistan88838283868795951001111110.3%2.4%0.1%OtherCIS75787578868296898593952.5%2.4%0.1%TotalCIS407040734231410742014214432243884194443946284.3%1.3%4.8%Iran1763187917451564157316281700178017001735191210.2%0.8%2.0%Iraq61968868368573883078675662270077210.3%2.2%0.8%Israel27421219921121622622923119920923211.1%-1.7%0.2%Kuwait4574684794654394574734514244224312.3%-0.6%0.4%Oman15417618218618921122421717620022612.9%3.9%0.2%Qatar26030331235636933534736728931334710.6%2.9%0.4%SaudiArabia346734683789396441004052387136423445361038767.4%1.1%4.0%UnitedArabEmirates7668478819231006990988960904990112613.8%3.9%1.2%OtherMiddleEast6966546535675325705665454865035295.3%-2.7%0.5%TotalMiddleEast845586948923892191629301918489498246868094508.9%1.1%9.7%Algeria3703874014254124084134303854054398.4%1.7%0.5%Egypt75075979181083680172168659864475016.5%†0.8%Morocco2772822722682752912872932582912962.0%0.7%0.3%SouthAfrica5425525446015765765745674655025132.1%-0.6%0.5%EasternAfrica4694955175655816226406565996556682.0%3.6%0.7%MiddleAfrica230262278272247225229242207219208-5.2%-1.0%0.2%WesternAfrica5705905495596226837928207968669064.6%4.7%0.9%OtherNorthernAfrica3313473573182943043093132663213261.4%-0.2%0.3%OtherSouthernAfrica51545657565659585355584.4%1.3%0.1%TotalAfrica359037293764387539003966402440653627395841635.2%1.5%4.3%Australia1001103110251015101610631076106491694110087.1%0.1%1.0%Bangladesh11511812915615918220820417121325319.0%8.2%0.3%China1006110563110181189012297130031364314322144081489314295-4.0%3.6%14.7%ChinaHongKongSAR344352335367380428434408284255219-14.2%-4.4%0.2%India367437173832414745444724497451504700479851858.1%3.5%5.3%Indonesia161215721572150514541565161615821400146115858.5%-0.2%1.6%Japan46764499428341163983394938153692327633393337†-3.3%3.4%Malaysia75880380375483979780486772577989414.7%1.7%0.9%NewZealand1491511541601641741751791481471480.3%-0.1%0.2%Pakistan402442458505566589499446434503489-2.8%2.0%0.5%Philippines30231833838641544645146037841045110.0%4.1%0.5%Singapore11501147117212321300132013391312126412481199-3.9%0.4%1.2%SouthKorea246624762473258628112804280027892630281628581.5%1.5%2.9%SriLanka1099410611113513012613512311698-15.6%-1.1%0.1%Taiwan95098810181042104810331040987947990909-8.2%-0.4%0.9%Thailand112111361147118512141255128212941158117312778.9%1.3%1.3%Vietnam3573703884755245525815995064705159.6%3.7%0.5%OtherAsiaPacific3313483734294144775285575715946061.9%6.2%0.6%TotalAsiaPacific29577301263062632063332643449135391360463403935147353260.5%1.8%36.3%TotalWorld88667899509071392703945239647697711979598913994372973093.1%0.9%100.0%ofwhich:OECD44943449694456945208457814629846645463464080143673451083.3%†46.4%Non-OECD43724449814614447496487425017951066516124833850699522023.0%1.8%53.6%EuropeanUnion#1119510981107951097411143114001139011359993310460108023.3%-0.4%11.1%Inlanddemandplusinternationalaviationandmarinebunkersandrefineryfuelandloss.Consumptionofbiogasoline(suchasethanol)andbiodieselareexcludedwhilederivativesofcoalandnaturalgasareincluded.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Differencesbetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandworldproductionstatisticsareaccountedforbystockchanges,consumptionofnon-petroleumadditivesandsubstitutefuelsandunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofoilsupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202321OilConsumptioninexajoulesGrowthrateperannumShareExajoules2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada4.634.604.594.604.584.544.684.673.974.114.273.7%-1.2%2.2%Mexico4.374.234.043.924.023.933.683.503.023.394.1221.3%-2.5%2.2%US34.1034.6634.9035.6135.8636.2137.0837.0232.5235.5136.151.8%0.4%19.0%TotalNorthAmerica43.1043.4943.5244.1244.4744.6745.4445.1939.5143.0244.533.5%†23.4%Argentina1.301.381.371.401.351.341.281.161.041.291.386.9%-0.1%0.7%Brazil5.165.305.515.174.904.954.714.694.424.785.014.7%-0.8%2.6%Chile0.710.700.700.680.720.730.760.760.690.760.804.7%0.8%0.4%Colombia0.650.680.720.650.790.780.790.790.670.860.9612.0%2.8%0.5%Ecuador0.470.500.530.510.480.470.510.490.400.490.536.8%0.4%0.3%Peru0.400.420.410.440.470.480.490.510.390.480.503.8%1.8%0.3%Trinidad&Tobago0.090.100.090.090.100.090.090.050.050.050.051.4%-5.6%†Venezuela1.591.711.521.421.081.000.820.690.400.450.5318.4%-11.9%0.3%CentralAmerica0.770.780.800.880.910.940.931.010.860.981.046.5%2.4%0.5%OtherCaribbean1.311.231.231.291.331.281.301.281.101.061.103.6%-2.1%0.6%OtherSouthAmerica0.390.400.400.400.430.440.450.460.380.480.481.8%2.1%0.3%TotalS.&Cent.America12.8213.1913.2712.9512.5812.5012.1311.8810.4011.6712.376.0%-0.9%6.5%Austria0.510.530.500.500.520.530.530.550.480.500.48-2.5%-0.3%0.3%Belgium1.221.251.221.251.271.291.381.291.111.231.16-5.9%0.1%0.6%Bulgaria0.170.160.170.190.200.200.200.210.190.200.229.8%1.7%0.1%Croatia0.130.130.140.140.140.150.150.140.120.130.1411.0%-0.4%0.1%Cyprus0.110.100.100.100.110.110.110.110.090.100.106.2%-1.3%0.1%CzechRepublic0.380.370.390.380.350.420.420.420.370.410.411.7%0.5%0.2%Denmark0.300.300.300.310.310.300.310.310.250.270.284.1%-1.0%0.1%Estonia0.070.070.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.05-7.9%-1.8%†Finland0.400.410.390.390.410.400.400.390.350.330.331.5%-1.8%0.2%France3.343.293.193.193.173.183.173.142.682.922.91-0.2%-1.3%1.5%Germany4.704.804.674.674.764.874.634.664.224.184.261.9%-1.2%2.2%Greece0.640.590.590.610.610.630.620.640.520.550.6212.5%-1.6%0.3%Hungary0.260.250.280.300.300.330.350.350.320.350.35-0.8%3.0%0.2%Iceland0.030.030.030.040.040.040.050.040.030.030.0436.5%-1.4%†Ireland0.280.290.280.290.310.310.320.320.270.290.327.2%0.4%0.2%Italy2.782.542.422.562.542.572.632.552.112.352.475.2%-1.7%1.3%Latvia0.070.070.070.070.080.080.070.080.070.070.074.3%0.4%†Lithuania0.110.110.110.120.130.130.140.140.130.130.131.2%1.8%0.1%Luxembourg0.120.120.110.110.110.120.120.130.100.110.10-7.9%-1.0%0.1%Netherlands2.001.911.871.851.861.871.821.781.691.691.785.4%-1.7%0.9%NorthMacedonia0.040.040.040.040.050.040.040.050.040.050.0510.3%1.3%†Norway0.420.440.410.410.400.400.410.390.370.380.36-5.2%-1.0%0.2%Poland1.111.041.041.091.201.301.331.361.291.351.467.7%2.0%0.8%Portugal0.460.480.490.480.490.490.490.500.410.420.468.3%-0.9%0.2%Romania0.380.350.380.380.400.420.430.450.420.440.451.6%1.4%0.2%Slovakia0.150.150.140.150.160.180.180.170.170.180.183.2%1.7%0.1%Slovenia0.110.100.100.100.110.110.110.110.090.100.1116.2%-1.2%0.1%Spain2.622.472.462.542.632.642.692.702.212.422.669.6%-0.8%1.4%Sweden0.600.590.580.570.590.580.550.590.530.500.50-0.5%-1.8%0.3%Switzerland0.490.510.460.470.440.450.430.440.370.370.383.1%-2.7%0.2%Türkiye1.411.511.551.861.982.072.002.011.892.022.104.1%3.6%1.1%Ukraine0.580.550.480.430.450.450.470.460.440.440.39-12.9%-2.6%0.2%UnitedKingdom3.042.962.963.053.143.183.143.072.372.452.678.8%-2.1%1.4%OtherEurope0.650.640.630.650.700.730.730.750.700.680.714.5%0.5%0.4%TotalEurope29.6929.1328.6229.3629.9930.6230.4930.3826.4727.7028.723.7%-0.7%15.1%Azerbaijan0.190.200.200.200.200.200.210.200.200.230.257.6%1.9%0.1%Belarus0.440.330.340.280.300.300.350.360.340.330.31-4.4%-2.8%0.2%Kazakhstan0.590.600.620.580.600.620.660.670.590.630.7823.1%0.7%0.4%RussianFederation6.416.436.756.526.646.626.706.836.526.887.052.6%0.7%3.7%Turkmenistan0.260.270.280.280.280.280.280.290.290.290.302.1%1.2%0.2%Uzbekistan0.180.170.160.160.170.170.180.180.190.220.220.4%1.8%0.1%OtherCIS0.150.150.150.150.170.160.190.170.160.180.192.9%2.0%0.1%TotalCIS8.228.158.498.188.378.358.588.708.318.769.103.9%0.6%4.8%Iran3.543.783.463.053.053.093.243.413.273.333.6910.9%-0.6%1.9%Iraq1.271.411.401.411.531.721.631.561.281.441.5910.7%1.3%0.8%Israel0.560.420.390.420.430.450.450.460.400.410.4612.0%-3.0%0.2%Kuwait0.860.880.900.880.820.860.890.840.780.780.812.7%-0.9%0.4%Oman0.310.360.370.380.390.430.450.440.350.400.4512.8%2.6%0.2%Qatar0.380.460.480.570.590.530.550.590.440.490.5614.3%2.4%0.3%SaudiArabia6.376.417.057.437.657.527.126.706.336.627.158.0%0.4%3.7%UnitedArabEmirates1.511.671.701.781.931.911.901.861.731.912.1914.2%2.4%1.1%OtherMiddleEast1.431.341.331.151.091.161.151.100.991.021.075.4%-3.4%0.6%TotalMiddleEast16.2216.7217.0917.0617.4817.6717.3916.9515.5816.4017.979.5%0.1%9.4%Algeria0.740.770.800.850.830.810.820.850.760.800.867.9%0.8%0.5%Egypt1.521.541.621.661.711.621.451.371.181.271.5219.4%-1.8%0.8%Morocco0.560.560.540.520.540.570.550.560.490.560.572.3%†0.3%SouthAfrica1.131.151.131.251.191.191.191.180.961.041.062.2%-0.8%0.6%EasternAfrica0.971.021.061.161.201.281.321.351.231.341.372.0%3.3%0.7%MiddleAfrica0.480.540.580.560.520.470.470.500.430.450.42-6.7%-0.5%0.2%WesternAfrica1.151.191.111.121.251.371.571.631.591.721.804.7%4.1%0.9%OtherNorthernAfrica0.690.720.730.650.600.620.630.630.540.660.661.3%-0.5%0.3%OtherSouthernAfrica0.100.110.110.120.120.110.120.120.110.110.124.4%0.8%0.1%TotalAfrica7.337.607.687.897.958.048.128.197.297.958.395.5%0.8%4.4%Australia2.022.082.072.052.062.162.202.181.881.932.077.2%-0.5%1.1%Bangladesh0.250.250.280.340.340.390.450.440.370.460.5519.5%6.5%0.3%China20.3621.2722.1123.8024.5625.8627.1228.4928.7429.5228.16-4.6%3.8%14.8%ChinaHongKongSAR0.740.750.710.780.810.920.930.870.610.550.47-14.0%-3.0%0.2%India7.337.387.598.208.999.269.689.999.079.2510.058.7%2.3%5.3%Indonesia3.213.113.092.952.843.053.153.072.702.813.069.0%-1.3%1.6%Japan9.378.968.518.177.937.817.567.326.506.616.610.1%-3.4%3.5%Malaysia1.451.541.551.441.601.501.521.661.371.481.7316.5%0.2%0.9%NewZealand0.310.310.320.330.340.360.360.370.300.300.30-0.1%-0.1%0.2%Pakistan0.860.940.971.061.181.221.020.900.881.020.99-2.8%1.8%0.5%Philippines0.610.640.680.780.840.890.900.920.750.810.8910.3%2.9%0.5%Singapore2.572.552.582.722.882.932.952.872.802.772.66-3.9%0.8%1.4%SouthKorea4.804.814.795.025.475.425.405.355.065.405.471.3%1.2%2.9%SriLanka0.230.190.220.230.280.260.260.270.250.230.20-15.0%0.3%0.1%Taiwan1.861.921.982.032.042.022.011.911.831.921.77-8.0%0.3%0.9%Thailand2.062.092.102.192.272.332.382.412.162.172.399.9%0.5%1.3%Vietnam0.720.750.790.961.061.111.171.211.020.941.039.2%2.7%0.5%OtherAsiaPacific0.680.710.760.870.840.971.071.131.151.201.222.1%5.8%0.6%TotalAsiaPacific59.4260.2461.1063.9166.3368.4770.1271.3567.4569.3769.610.4%1.6%36.5%TotalWorld176.81178.53179.76183.47187.17190.32192.26192.65174.99184.86190.693.2%0.4%100.0%ofwhich:OECD89.2388.7287.8088.9690.2791.0091.4290.7479.5785.0587.983.4%-0.5%46.1%Non-OECD87.5889.8191.9794.5196.9199.32100.83101.9195.4399.80102.712.9%1.3%53.9%EuropeanUnion#23.1322.5522.1322.5122.9023.3623.3323.2820.3721.3822.133.5%-0.8%11.6%Inlanddemandplusinternationalaviationandmarinebunkersandrefineryfuelandloss.Consumptionofbiogasoline(suchasethanol)andbiodieselareexcludedwhilederivativesofcoalandnaturalgasareincluded.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Differencesbetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandworldproductionstatisticsareaccountedforbystockchanges,consumptionofnon-petroleumadditivesandsubstitutefuelsandunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofoilsupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.Backtocontents22EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023OilRegionalconsumption–byproductgroupGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsdaily2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022NorthAmericaLightdistillates96879871991410138103101024410234101448714942394640.4%-0.3%9.7%ofwhich:gasoline935694929566980199659945993298618449915692300.8%-0.2%9.5%ofwhich:naphtha332379348337345298303283265266234-12.3%-2.2%0.2%Middledistillates636664226678676266196778707669615745638768377.0%†7.0%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil478347915001499547774858511249634539486150463.8%0.2%5.2%ofwhich:jet/kerosene1582163116761767184219201964199912051526179117.3%-0.4%1.8%Fueloil6715994684425165484954373134484684.4%-4.0%0.5%Others550456825546562656715721600661836137648667594.2%1.7%6.9%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG318933663292336134283453378938383959408042053.1%2.5%4.3%TotalNorthAmerica22229225732260622968231172329123811237262090922744235273.4%0.2%24.2%ofwhich:USLightdistillates80948263828785038613862186338579741981038016-1.1%†8.2%ofwhich:gasoline78587993805682808394839384008372723579177877-0.5%0.1%8.1%ofwhich:naphtha236270231223219228233207185185138-25.2%-2.4%0.1%Middledistillates521552595519553454385580581557934793525453952.7%0.1%5.5%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil38113819404039793815389341034043370938783833-1.2%0.2%3.9%ofwhich:jet/kerosene1403144014791555162316871712175010841376156213.5%-0.2%1.6%Fueloil3673172562583253413172752083143439.2%-1.5%0.4%Others390541534049420442164303465247774763511453875.3%2.7%5.5%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG231225142447249325162570292129673056322833513.8%3.4%3.4%TotalUS17581179921811118499185931884519417194241718318785191401.9%0.7%19.7%S.&Cent.AmericaLightdistillates1677169517201679169717281627157712761552172611.2%-0.8%1.8%ofwhich:gasoline1496151415411481150815201438137311231376151410.0%-0.8%1.6%ofwhich:naphtha18118117919818920818820415417621220.2%-0.3%0.2%Middledistillates251726462666257925552531254625202216249426807.5%-0.1%2.8%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil222123432344225222262201219521672042227623864.8%0.2%2.5%ofwhich:jet/kerosene29730332232732933035135317421829434.9%-3.0%0.3%Fueloil728700717714653597558543518544523-4.0%-2.9%0.5%Others139614691446142413201350130212541141120912251.3%-1.4%1.3%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG7457517567497597577507016887327380.9%-0.2%0.8%TotalS.&Cent.America631865116549639662256207603258945151579961536.1%-0.9%6.3%ofwhich:BrazilLightdistillates71469571667568271762363355462069912.7%-1.4%0.7%ofwhich:gasoline5475475765225415564834814504955429.4%-1.0%0.6%ofwhich:naphtha16714814015314116114015210412515725.4%-2.8%0.2%Middledistillates10821139116911001030102710451043981106311215.4%-0.2%1.2%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil9561013103997391391191592291898710183.1%0.3%1.0%ofwhich:jet/kerosene126126129127117116130121637610335.9%-5.0%0.1%Fueloil153167191187141137112112112135100-25.5%-1.3%0.1%Others6306496716226016045875735725765922.8%-0.9%0.6%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG328339339324326322322318319313311-0.6%-0.5%0.3%TotalBrazil257926512747258324532485236823612218239425124.9%-0.7%2.6%EuropeLightdistillates30833009294028692908295029022865265228662792-2.6%-0.7%2.9%ofwhich:gasoline208020091980193019311937200620371756191019894.1%-0.8%2.0%ofwhich:naphtha100410009609399771013897828897956803-16.0%-0.5%0.8%Middledistillates737574507391774578928125814481986799721976375.8%-0.2%7.8%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil61476200611063996501664866036624605763676342-0.4%0.4%6.5%ofwhich:jet/kerosene12281250128113471391147615411574743853129551.9%-3.6%1.3%Fueloil115710399759249389769789447917978526.9%-3.7%0.9%Others281427452709283529162956292328852731272327822.2%-0.3%2.9%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG11851272129513351385141014341434135113501307-3.2%1.3%1.3%TotalEurope14429142441401414373146551500614947148921297313605140623.4%-0.6%14.5%ofwhich:EuropeanUnionLightdistillates24482401236523032342238723612319217323702295-3.2%-0.3%2.4%ofwhich:gasoline151114641463143814451460154015721359146915314.2%-0.3%1.6%ofwhich:naphtha937937902866897927821747815901764-15.3%-0.4%0.8%Middledistillates560956285543577358756035605361145102539256875.5%-0.4%5.8%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil47904809471649134975507250395078463448274821-0.1%0.1%5.0%ofwhich:jet/kerosene8198208278609009621014103646956586653.3%-3.6%0.9%Fueloil10029008447968048328508256897037486.5%-3.5%0.8%Others213620522044210121222146212621011969199520723.8%-0.7%2.1%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG84290592194095797910001003939955945-1.0%1.3%1.0%TotalEuropeanUnion1119510981107951097411143114001139011359993310460108023.3%-0.7%11.1%CISLightdistillates124112141223120312021204123312141148124712701.8%†1.3%ofwhich:gasoline10501075108710581060105410641046979107411123.5%0.2%1.1%ofwhich:naphtha192139135144142151169167169173157-8.9%-1.0%0.2%Middledistillates130614091438139114101470150115331430154616577.2%1.7%1.7%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil988109811491122106610871146119011341215138213.8%2.1%1.4%ofwhich:jet/kerosene318311289269344383355343296331275-17.0%0.4%0.3%Fueloil402449519425426365382399352327316-3.4%-2.0%0.3%Others112010011051108911631175120612421264131913925.6%1.6%1.4%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG47160562768172973475278680284493110.3%6.0%1.0%TotalCIS407040734231410742014214432243884194443946284.3%0.9%4.8%MiddleEastLightdistillates1812188019481960199721272154211317942018227812.9%1.1%2.3%ofwhich:gasoline1495158716131639167817901831183015201690189111.8%1.2%1.9%ofwhich:naphtha31629433532131933632328327432738718.3%0.3%0.4%Middledistillates2494263725362461237922672232235320412130246815.9%-1.6%2.5%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil205121302067190217931711168717771716173718908.8%-1.6%1.9%ofwhich:jet/kerosene44250746955958655654457732439257847.2%-1.2%0.6%Fueloil199320432162215021702213205819831952200621507.2%0.1%2.2%Others215621342277235026162694274124992460252725541.1%1.6%2.6%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG184218051915190420272096212820582050210221341.5%1.3%2.2%TotalMiddleEast845586948923892191629301918489498246868094508.9%0.3%9.7%BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202323OilRegionalconsumption–byproductgroup(continued)GrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsdaily2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022AfricaLightdistillates87789991299310781124122812531151127913233.5%3.8%1.4%ofwhich:gasoline87489690798910731117122112461145127213163.5%3.8%1.4%ofwhich:naphtha346567777771.3%8.9%†Middledistillates173218321864190618451880188819141673183518903.0%0.6%1.9%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil141715131565162915881617162916631527166716820.9%1.6%1.7%ofwhich:jet/kerosene31531929927725726325825114516820823.6%-6.1%0.2%Fueloil41442042440740238032229021124232835.8%-5.2%0.3%Others5675785645695745825866085936026213.1%0.6%0.6%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG3833893843893964154264404364444603.8%1.5%0.5%TotalAfrica359037293764387539003966402440653627395841635.2%1.0%4.3%AsiaPacificLightdistillates8721923494951029810601109571126511533109601178711638-1.3%3.1%12.0%ofwhich:gasoline51085488559961536392658968527094651669706844-1.8%3.2%7.0%ofwhich:naphtha36133746389641454209436844124439444448174794-0.5%2.9%4.9%Middledistillates10788109461102111328114551185412201124561074111188112700.7%0.4%11.6%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil853186228653887288509127936195888851936294831.3%0.9%9.7%ofwhich:jet/kerosene22572323236824562605272728412869189018261787-2.2%-2.1%1.8%Fueloil322329732806279228292723256023412306245525765.0%-2.7%2.6%Others6846697273057645837989579365971610032971798471.3%3.6%10.1%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG306031533339346338534116434544254344455647825.0%4.1%4.9%TotalAsiaPacific29577301263062632063332643449135391360463403935147353260.5%1.7%36.3%ofwhich:ChinaLightdistillates27313057326937163889406043244571447649444840-2.1%6.1%5.0%ofwhich:gasoline18632143223626012699279129783125292132802974-9.3%5.8%3.1%ofwhich:naphtha86891410321115119012691346144615551664186612.1%6.7%1.9%Middledistillates39474049409441974142425744214642428345174108-9.0%1.4%4.2%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil34533503350635383403344035153674349937433605-3.7%0.8%3.7%ofwhich:jet/kerosene495546588659739817906967784774503-34.9%4.6%0.5%Fueloil5605645845915585305325746026487068.9%1.5%0.7%Others28232894307133863708415743674535504647844641-3.0%5.4%4.8%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG798871998112013101456153115391507169818378.1%7.8%1.9%TotalChina1006110563110181189012297130031364314322144081489314295-4.0%4.0%14.7%ofwhich:IndiaLightdistillates5836036227267787778148488028368795.2%3.7%0.9%ofwhich:gasoline32135338244149053957562355761067911.3%6.6%0.7%ofwhich:naphtha262250240285288238238225245225200-11.3%-1.5%0.2%Middledistillates1684168316921772184618761955196416101726190210.2%0.2%2.0%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil140414081416149115711627170117281478158617389.6%1.2%1.8%ofwhich:jet/kerosene27927427628027424925423513214016316.6%-6.7%0.2%Fueloil14711710711313612212011410411112512.5%-2.8%0.1%Others126013141411153617851949208622252184212622807.2%5.4%2.3%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG54855861366175085897110471065108310971.4%7.1%1.1%TotalIndia367437173832414745444724497451504700479851858.1%2.7%5.3%ofwhich:JapanLightdistillates15891611155115841537155314841471134713811304-5.6%-1.4%1.3%ofwhich:gasoline975944914904894879864840775756755-0.2%-2.5%0.8%ofwhich:naphtha614666637680642675621631572625549-12.1%0.2%0.6%Middledistillates135813451321128612931300128112711096109711141.6%-2.1%1.1%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil8218178037867867827827717247277341.0%-1.2%0.8%ofwhich:jet/kerosene5375285175005075185005003723703802.7%-3.7%0.4%Fueloil82664953543136527826019918221523910.8%-12.6%0.2%Others9038958768167888177907516506456805.4%-3.3%0.7%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG5365084924434194244023543333403636.9%-4.5%0.4%TotalJapan46764499428341163983394938153692327633393337†-3.3%3.4%WorldLightdistillates27099278032815229139297953033530643306972769530171304891.1%1.1%31.3%ofwhich:gasoline21458220612229423050236082395424344244862148723449238961.9%0.9%24.6%ofwhich:naphtha56415742585860896187638162996211620867226594-1.9%1.8%6.8%Middledistillates32577333423359334172341563490535586359363064432800344385.0%0.1%35.4%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil26138266982688827171268012724927732279722586827485282112.6%0.5%29.0%ofwhich:jet/kerosene6439664467047001735576567854796447775315622717.2%-1.9%6.4%Fueloil858882248070785579347802735269376442681972135.8%-2.3%7.4%Others20403205822089821538226392343524129243882435724582251812.4%1.9%25.9%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG10875113411160911883125781298013625136821363114108145573.2%2.6%15.0%TotalWorld88667899509071392703945239647697711979598913994372973093.1%0.6%100.0%OECDLightdistillates1604916216161951644716678167731664316481145221569815625-0.5%-0.2%16.1%ofwhich:gasoline13008130721310613304134821347513528134791162312556127581.6%-0.4%13.1%ofwhich:naphtha30413144308931443196329831153002289831432867-8.8%0.3%2.9%Middledistillates16307164541665217073171831761117930178501484415974169956.4%-0.2%17.5%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil12589126681279313058130161326113472133251226512962131891.7%0.3%13.6%ofwhich:jet/kerosene3719378738584015416843504457452525793012380626.4%-2.1%3.9%Fueloil286924772127194920031937186416671388157616756.3%-5.8%1.7%Others97189822959597379916997610209103491004710425108133.7%0.7%11.1%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG523754705392545355885629596059896007615062872.2%1.6%6.5%TotalOECD44943449694456945208457814629846645463464080143673451083.3%-0.3%46.4%Non-OECDLightdistillates11050115871195712692131171356114000142171317314473148642.7%2.7%15.3%ofwhich:gasoline845089899188974610126104781081611008986410893111372.2%2.6%11.4%ofwhich:naphtha260025982769294529913083318432093310358037274.1%3.2%3.8%Middledistillates16270168871694117098169721729417657180861580016825174433.7%0.3%17.9%ofwhich:diesel/gasoil13549140301409514113137851398814260146471360314522150223.4%0.7%15.4%ofwhich:jet/kerosene272128572846298631873306339734392198230324215.1%-1.7%2.5%Fueloil571957475943590559315865548852705055524355385.6%-0.9%5.7%Others10685107601130311801127231345913921140401431014158143691.5%2.9%14.8%ofwhich:ethaneandLPG563858716217643069897351766576937623795882703.9%3.5%8.5%TotalNon-OECD43724449814614447496487425017951066516124833850699522023.0%1.5%53.6%ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.†Lessthan0.05%.Notes:‘Lightdistillates’consistsofaviationandmotorgasolinesandlightdistillatefeedstock(LDF).‘Middledistillates’consistsofjetandheatingkerosenes,andgasanddieseloils(includingmarinebunkers).‘Fueloil’includesmarinebunkersandcrudeoiluseddirectlyasfuel.‘Others’consistsofrefinerygas,solvents,petroleumcoke,lubricants,bitumen,wax,otherrefinedproductsandrefineryfuelandloss.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.Backtocontents——$2021(deflatedusingtheConsumerPriceIndexfortheUS)——$moneyoftheday0501001502001861–691870–791880–891890–99PennsylvanianoilboomEastTexasfielddiscoveredRussianoilexportsbeganSumatraproductionbeganDiscoveryofSpindletop,Texas1900–091910–191920–291930–391940–491950–591960–691970–791980–891990–992000–092010–192020–29USdollarsperbarrelWorldevents1861–1944USAverage1945–1983ArabianLightpostedatRasTanura1984–2022Brentdated$2022(deflatedusingtheConsumerPriceIndexfortheUS)FearsofshortageinUSPost-warreconstructionYomKippurwarGrowthofVenezuelanproductionLossofIraniansuppliesIranianrevolutionInvasionofIraq‘ArabSpring’Covid-19UkraineWarSuezcrisisNetpricingintroducedAsianfinancialcrisisIraqinvadedKuwait24EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023OilSpotcrudepricesUSdollarsperbarrelDubai$/bblBrent$/bbl†NigerianForcados$/bblWestTexasIntermediate$/bbl‡200223.6025.0225.0426.16200326.7528.8328.6831.06200433.5138.2738.1341.49200546.7854.5255.6956.59200661.4865.1467.0766.04200767.9272.3974.4872.20200894.2897.26101.43100.06200961.1461.6763.3561.92201077.7879.5081.0579.452011105.93111.26113.6595.042012109.06111.67114.2194.132013105.47108.66111.9597.99201497.0298.95101.3593.28201551.2252.3954.4148.71201641.0243.7344.5443.34201753.0254.1954.3150.79201870.1571.3172.4765.20201963.7164.2164.9557.03202042.4141.8442.3139.25202168.9170.9169.7668.10202296.38101.32101.4094.58Source:S&PGlobalPlatts,©2023,S&PGlobalInc.1972–1985ArabianLight,1986–2021Dubaidated.†1976–1983Forties,1984–2021Brentdated.‡1976–1983PostedWTIprices,1984–2021SpotWTI(Cushing)prices.Crudeoilprices1862-2022BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202325OilRefinerythroughputGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsdaily2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada175317191615164015941757165318221585165316962.6%-0.3%2.1%Mexico119912231155106493376761259259171281614.6%-3.8%1.0%US14999153121584816188161871659016969165631421215148159275.1%0.6%19.4%TotalNorthAmerica17951182541861818892187141911419234189771638717513184395.3%0.3%22.5%Argentina5305275265365115004704764174724893.6%-0.8%0.6%Brazil188920352085197218121741173317511769181819356.4%0.2%2.4%Chile164174174165163172172186172192174-9.2%0.6%0.2%Colombia3052842472443393554154153553753883.2%2.4%0.5%Curacao16517018917815684294––––-100.0%0.0%Ecuador1521411251211501561591421161461566.7%0.3%0.2%NetherlandsAntilles–––––––––––––0.0%Peru190186188188194213209192105138132-4.1%-3.6%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago10713210512514813199–––––-100.0%0.0%Venezuela9369529208636545443061351231691849.1%-15.0%0.2%OtherS.&Cent.America326286277275231197246238245285269-5.9%-1.9%0.3%TotalS.&Cent.America476448874836466743594093383735413302359637273.6%-2.4%4.5%Austria170174173179164162180183162166113-31.7%-4.0%0.1%Belgium634555645644640685663693545577558-3.4%-1.3%0.7%Bulgaria118113104121125136118137978413966.2%1.7%0.2%CzechRepublic1451341511451091581511581221431504.9%0.3%0.2%Denmark153144139147140151152154142150145-3.8%-0.5%0.2%Finland21522722519722622623324021915918617.2%-1.4%0.2%France113811171096115211221149108597866568382821.3%-3.1%1.0%Germany190118571833187518871870175217631990199721115.7%1.1%2.6%Greece410399416436464483489462445476442-7.2%0.7%0.5%Hungary122120131130133131141137135134129-4.0%0.6%0.2%Ireland6157556864646151576160-0.7%-0.2%0.1%Italy147512591198134712931399134613551105122413167.6%-1.1%1.6%Lithuania1811921601701871971951911571601653.6%-0.9%0.2%Netherlands11101065109011571172118011921217110311511129-1.9%0.2%1.4%Norway287292274293230281305265237222152-31.6%-6.2%0.2%Poland50548848653251750854054651649757916.4%1.4%0.7%Portugal2212392172782792842522232181912046.8%-0.8%0.2%Romania18218919420822822523224420619323421.5%2.5%0.3%Slovakia108116105119115112109103112111108-2.0%0.0%0.1%Spain1186116811851306130213261363131811051143127311.4%0.7%1.6%Sweden4173323804013953924063373493663690.8%-1.2%0.5%Switzerland689798565957615556466132.2%-1.1%0.1%Türkiye3984214065265315424726736556917366.6%6.3%0.9%Ukraine10885696464775964687353-26.7%-6.8%0.1%UnitedKingdom13481197112511181071107310411044880889101814.5%-2.8%1.2%OtherEurope1321361281411481651661231101141205.3%-0.9%0.1%TotalEurope12793121731208212810126661303212764127131145511700123795.8%-0.3%15.1%Azerbaijan1241321351301201181221241181331394.3%1.1%0.2%Belarus434425448462372364366359326315307-2.6%-3.4%0.4%Kazakhstan33134136134233935537439236739145717.0%3.3%0.6%RussianFederation54385636592657735715570358645824550457235533-3.3%0.2%6.8%Turkmenistan1561461361271181251171221181201243.3%-2.3%0.2%Uzbekistan62615057575870605746483.7%-2.4%0.1%OtherCIS2247891174779.8%11.8%0.0%TotalCIS65486742706068996730673269246889649467356616-1.8%0.1%8.1%Bahrain26326425726625826226026423022325112.9%-0.4%0.3%Iran193320001941186818751897208721012193234423972.2%2.2%2.9%Iraq57959848740944052759663353651057212.2%-0.1%0.7%Israel2202212262322132232382422432342350.1%0.7%0.3%Kuwait91687387990584168667966353964380725.7%-1.2%1.0%Oman1931871801901782323042572212532623.5%3.1%0.3%Qatar2922702612532803793973963663814159.1%3.6%0.5%SaudiArabia195318762201244727532802277026492397276629406.3%4.2%3.6%UnitedArabEmirates638650643109810781119109610379369399834.7%4.4%1.2%OtherMiddleEast26823823018114416115315914413616319.6%-4.9%0.2%TotalMiddleEast725471777306784780598287857984007805842990267.1%2.2%11.0%Algeria4784926155915845736015695855886063.0%2.4%0.7%Egypt5345145305305095085225656056006294.8%1.6%0.8%Morocco11111110553––––––––-100.0%0.0%Nigeria929764226281357036128.9%-23.5%0.0%SouthAfrica4134224404534744474553962622822923.6%-3.4%0.4%OtherAfrica586594444453459429446442324420379-9.6%-4.3%0.5%TotalAfrica221422302197210120872038205919801777189219121.0%-1.5%2.3%Australia600588538427433419474465388286228-20.4%-9.2%0.3%Bangladesh2427242523282528223128-10.9%1.5%0.0%China91999599101651082411304118441257413433138241446113892-3.9%4.2%17.0%India430244624475456149305010515451194493479250826.0%1.7%6.2%Indonesia8208228488368858859169188268248452.4%0.3%1.0%Japan340034533289325832803214305930462492248826948.3%-2.3%3.3%Malaysia5755575525145745705665864915715842.2%0.2%0.7%NewZealand109105101109107108103110767418-75.6%-16.5%0.0%Pakistan1922232322572422612752432102402400.0%2.3%0.3%Philippines1701581682122162112371801067912456.4%-3.2%0.2%Singapore102093683990192999497410008618718881.9%-1.4%1.1%SouthKorea258224842516278429283061303129222679263428116.7%0.9%3.4%Taiwan8978478508388618488898907267708155.9%-1.0%1.0%Thailand9721017961106610221064109399098297610214.6%0.5%1.2%Vietnam1261481291551551412212762762983072.9%9.3%0.4%OtherAsiaPacific89989587103100971012502432638.3%11.5%0.3%TotalAsiaPacific25076255242578226855279932875929689303082870029640298400.7%1.8%36.4%TotalWorld76600769887788180071806088205683086828077592079505819383.1%0.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD37583372123729738387382793909638914385073376535034368195.1%-0.2%44.9%Non-OECD39017397764058441684423294296044172443004215644471451191.5%1.5%55.1%EuropeanUnion#105131000510029106701062710907107331054294899702102725.9%-0.2%12.5%Source:IncludesdatafromICISHerenEnergyLtd.Atmosphericdistillationcapacityonacalendar-daybasis.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Backtocontents26EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023OilRefiningcapacityGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsdaily2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada201519291929193119341970193920542065195419540.0%-0.3%1.9%Mexico160616061522152215221546155815581558155815580.0%-0.3%1.5%US17823179251796718317186171859818808189741814317941180610.7%0.1%17.7%TotalNorthAmerica21443214602141821770220732211322305225862176621453215730.6%0.1%21.2%Argentina6576576576576576575805805805805800.0%-1.2%0.6%Brazil200420972238228122892285228522902290230323040.1%1.4%2.3%Chile2422422422422422422422422422422420.0%0.0%0.2%Colombia3363363364214214214214214214214210.0%2.3%0.4%Curacao3203203203203203203203203203203200.0%0.0%0.3%Ecuador1751751751751751751751751751751866.3%0.6%0.2%NetherlandsAntilles–––––––––––––0.0%Peru2522532532532532532532532532762832.5%1.2%0.3%Trinidad&Tobago1751751751751751751751751751751750.0%0.0%0.2%Venezuela130313031303130313031303130313031303130313030.0%0.0%1.3%OtherS.&Cent.America490655670678678678678678858583403-30.9%-1.9%0.4%TotalS.&Cent.America59546213636965056513650964326437661763786217-2.5%0.4%6.1%Austria1931931931931931931931931931931930.0%0.0%0.2%Belgium7537767767767767767767767766456450.0%-1.5%0.6%Bulgaria1951951951951951951951951951951950.0%0.0%0.2%CzechRepublic1751751751751751751751751751751750.0%0.0%0.2%Denmark1811811801801801811811811811811810.0%0.0%0.2%Finland2612612612612612612612612612042040.0%-2.5%0.2%France151313751375137512451245124512451245114011400.0%-2.8%1.1%Germany209720612077204920512069206220622062212121210.0%0.1%2.1%Greece4984984985285285285285285285285280.0%0.6%0.5%Hungary1651651651651651651651651651651650.0%0.0%0.2%Ireland75757575757575757575750.0%0.0%0.1%Italy20981861190019001900190019001900190019001794-5.6%-1.6%1.8%Lithuania2412412412412412412412412412402400.0%0.0%0.2%Netherlands127912791279129812981299129912911244123812410.2%-0.3%1.2%Norway3423423423423423423423423422262260.0%-4.1%0.2%Poland5825825825815815685815815815815810.0%0.0%0.6%Portugal3303303303303303303303303302252250.0%-3.8%0.2%Romania2142352282392562472542522392522520.0%1.7%0.2%Slovakia1221221221221221221221221221221220.0%0.0%0.1%Spain154615461546156215621562156415861586159115910.0%0.3%1.6%Sweden4544544544544544544544544544544540.0%0.0%0.4%Switzerland10614014068686868686868680.0%-4.3%0.1%Türkiye5965965965965965968188228228228220.0%3.3%0.8%Ukraine3142722582502502502502502502502500.0%-2.3%0.2%UnitedKingdom152614981337133712271227122712271251125112510.0%-2.0%1.2%OtherEurope4604104104104103933553553113113110.0%-3.8%0.3%TotalEurope1631515863157351570315482154601566015678155971515115048-0.7%-0.8%14.8%Azerbaijan32532532532532520512012012013515011.1%-7.4%0.1%Belarus4604604604604604905205205205205200.0%1.2%0.5%Kazakhstan33035035035035036039040040040048020.0%3.8%0.5%RussianFederation57676229636664726543654565516676673668616821-0.6%1.7%6.7%Turkmenistan2512512512712712712712712712712710.0%0.8%0.3%OtherCIS16183544454848516173730.0%16.2%0.1%TotalCIS738178658019815482268151813282708340849285470.6%1.5%8.4%Bahrain2602602602602602602602602602602600.0%0.0%0.3%Iran204220752075207520752220233024952475261026702.3%2.7%2.6%Iraq9719177917637797798499199199199190.0%-0.5%0.9%Israel2922943013013013013013013013013010.0%0.3%0.3%Kuwait936936936936936736736736800800111839.8%1.8%1.1%Oman2222222222222223043043043043043040.0%3.2%0.3%Qatar2832832832834294294294294294294290.0%4.2%0.4%SaudiArabia2107250728992899290128262835290529472977331211.3%4.6%3.3%UnitedArabEmirates712712728114911491229122913071331124612460.0%5.8%1.2%OtherMiddleEast4964964964964964964964964964964960.0%0.0%0.5%TotalMiddleEast8321870289919384954895809769101521026210342110556.9%2.9%10.8%Algeria6526476516516516576576576576576570.0%0.1%0.6%Egypt8108108108108108107957957957958253.8%0.2%0.8%Morocco2012012012012012012012012002002000.0%0.0%0.2%Nigeria4464464494494494494544604604754750.0%0.6%0.5%SouthAfrica520520520520520520520520520395384-2.8%-3.0%0.4%OtherAfrica10147247267267267066876876876977314.9%-3.2%0.7%TotalAfrica364333473357335733573343331433203319321932721.6%-1.1%3.2%Australia663662536443452454454455456311235-24.4%-9.9%0.2%Bangladesh40434343434343434843430.0%0.7%0.0%China13681145031525315024148951523115655161991669116990172591.6%2.4%16.9%India427943194319430746204699497249945018500550450.8%1.7%5.0%Indonesia109910991099111111111111109411111094109411041.0%0.0%1.1%Japan42544123374937213600334333433343328532853164-3.7%-2.9%3.1%Malaysia6066126126126186256256256259559550.0%4.7%0.9%NewZealand13613613613613613613613613613576-43.7%-5.6%0.1%Pakistan2753903903893894014014014114114110.0%4.1%0.4%Philippines2612702712712712712712711801801800.0%-3.7%0.2%Singapore14221414151415141514151415141514151414611302-10.9%-0.9%1.3%SouthKorea287828783123312832593298334633933334336333630.0%1.6%3.3%Taiwan119711971197988988108310831083113111311083-4.2%-1.0%1.1%Thailand12301237125212521235123512351235124512451244-0.1%0.1%1.2%Vietnam1591591591591631673673673673673670.0%8.7%0.4%OtherAsiaPacific1841901971971971971973573573573570.0%6.8%0.4%TotalAsiaPacific3236333231338493329433490338083473535527358913633236189-0.4%1.1%35.5%TotalWorld9542196681977399816798689989651003481019711017931013671019020.5%0.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD4537644881444854477144853446844515445503445434365443416-0.5%-0.4%42.6%Non-OECD50045518005325453397538355428055195564685725057713584861.3%1.6%57.4%EuropeanUnion#1314312777128241287112761127571273512748126431231312210-0.8%-0.7%12.0%Source:IncludesdatafromICISHerenEnergyLtd.Atmosphericdistillationcapacityatyearendonacalendar-daybasis.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202327OilTrademovementsGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsdaily2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022ImportsUS10587985992419451100561014799289142786584758330-1.7%-2.4%12.1%Europe127211292012957140051433714968143381432412817129291438311.2%1.2%20.9%China66756978739883339215102411102811873130321272412156-4.5%6.2%17.7%India416843704155439649454920519653944898530257528.5%3.3%8.4%Japan474346374383433241804142394037803310335034653.4%-3.1%5.0%RestofWorld17812200122119322915284182562525580256942306423776247294.0%3.3%35.9%TotalWorld56706587765932863431711517004370009702076498666557688153.4%2.0%100.0%ExportsCanada305632963536383738894233449846664418466346990.8%4.4%6.8%Mexico13661347129313211405128313021252124712161172-3.6%-1.5%1.7%US2682356340334562508258817039801081387959876110.1%12.6%12.7%S.&Cent.America38303790393941035736399337113457350330032959-1.5%-2.5%4.3%Europe21812545246730654834338433493225282229832684-10.0%2.1%3.9%Russia745779487792843488118981802680907398781679481.7%0.6%11.5%OtherCIS19622166209220452097223220512107207021101976-6.3%0.1%2.9%SaudiArabia8468836579118008872983528462834980117780887414.1%0.5%12.9%MiddleEast(exSaudiArabia)11742122421269913977159021620816038149431368514160153878.7%2.7%22.4%NorthAfrica26022127174317471736259427652794183723352073-11.2%-2.2%3.0%WestAfrica47244590484948894458449045164743424339213557-9.3%-2.8%5.2%AsiaPacific(exJapan)62996307645058956348654964406603615066256548-1.2%0.4%9.5%RestofWorld338491524154921241863181119681463198621779.6%20.5%3.2%TotalWorld56706587765932863431711517004370009702076498666557688153.4%2.0%100.0%Notes:Unlessotherwisestated,thistableshowsinter-regionaltradebasedontheregionalclassificationinthetable‘Oiltradein2019and2020’.Doesnotincludebiofuelstrade.Bunkerfueluseisnotincludedasexports.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.20212022MilliontonnesCrudeimportsProductimportsCrudeexportsProductexportsCrudeimportsProductimportsCrudeexportsProductexportsCanada24.030.6197.633.323.727.9200.332.3Mexico†58.652.87.4†59.649.48.6US304.4112.9139.6246.6312.698.2172.9253.0S.&Cent.America22.1104.3124.823.824.4115.8117.228.9Europe448.2187.936.8107.4501.3206.519.6109.5Russia†1.9244.1139.40.11.7264.7125.9OtherCIS15.96.587.117.316.27.685.712.2Iraq†10.2176.014.4†9.0191.012.5Kuwait†3.192.320.8†2.590.329.8SaudiArabia0.115.9323.561.40.912.9364.874.1UnitedArabEmirates7.227.9144.281.75.039.8172.989.5OtherMiddleEast18.119.799.468.716.322.592.279.4NorthAfrica9.930.688.526.78.334.176.525.7WestAfrica0.542.6186.78.20.753.1169.77.1East&S.Africa12.145.84.44.36.853.61.71.9Australasia14.929.09.25.410.348.18.94.3China526.0103.41.660.5508.293.31.354.1India213.748.30.175.1231.253.1†83.3Japan122.143.00.411.0132.538.50.416.9Singapore47.091.81.268.944.472.50.572.3OtherAsiaPacific261.9202.338.1134.0286.3196.549.0125.1TotalWorld2048.21216.22048.21216.22129.11246.62129.11246.620212022ThousandbarrelsdailyCrudeimportsProductimportsCrudeexportsProductexportsCrudeimportsProductimportsCrudeexportsProductexportsCanada48263939676954755834023676Mexico‡12261060155‡1247992181US61142361280451556278205234725289S.&Cent.America4432180250649749124212354605Europe9001392873822451006843163942290Russia‡394903291313653152633OtherCIS32013517483613251581721256Iraq‡2123534302‡1893836261Kuwait‡641854434‡531814623SaudiArabia3333649612841927073251549UnitedArabEmirates1445832895170910083134711871OtherMiddleEast3644111997143532647118521660NorthAfrica19864017765591667131536536WestAfrica1089137491721411103408148East&S.Africa243958889013711203439Australasia300606186112207100518090China105622162311266102061950271131India429310101157046421109‡1741Japan2451899822926618049354Singapore94419202314418911516101512OtherAsiaPacific526042287652801574941079832616TotalWorld4113225424411322542442756260594275626059†Lessthan0.05.‡Lessthan0.5.Notes:Doesnotincludebiofuelstrade.Bunkerfueluseisnotincludedasexports.Intra-areamovements(forexample,betweencountrieswithinEurope)areexcluded.Crudeimportsandexportsincludecondensates.OilTradein2021and2022Backtocontents28EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023OilInter-areamovements2022–CrudetradeMiddleEastOtherCISCanadaS.&Cent.AmericaAfricaMiddleEastSingaporeUSEuropeJapanIndiaOtherAsiaPacificChinaRussianFederationCanadaUSWestAfricaS.&Cent.AmericaOtherCISNorthAfricaMexicoOtherAsiaPacificEuropeAustralasiaOilInter-areamovements2022–CrudetradeCrude(milliontonnes)ToFromCanadaMexicoUSS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeRussiaOtherCISMiddleEastAfricaAustralasiaChinaIndiaJapanSingaporeOtherAsiaPacificTotalCanada––188.90.36.3––††–4.00.2–†0.5200.3Mexico––31.70.16.1––0.1–––5.10.6–5.749.4US16.8––10.677.7–†–†1.17.916.91.310.630.0172.9S.&Cent.America0.6†35.1–22.8†–2.60.6–37.36.92.83.55.0117.2Europe0.3†2.90.6–†0.10.10.2–8.24.2–0.82.119.6Russia––1.00.7116.9–15.9–†0.486.237.01.90.14.4264.7OtherCIS†–1.10.362.7†–3.80.70.26.00.80.10.29.785.7Iraq––12.2–53.4††0.21.3–55.552.4–1.314.7191.0Kuwait†–1.3–†––†3.2–33.311.711.2†29.690.3SaudiArabia4.0–22.74.738.8–0.111.75.4–87.540.252.55.391.9364.8UAE––0.6†1.5†–†0.11.242.822.549.212.442.6172.9OtherMiddleEast†–0.1†0.6–†1.6†–48.77.211.54.518.192.2NorthAfrica––4.81.154.1–0.10.3†1.13.94.00.10.66.576.5WestAfrica2.0–10.06.059.5††1.34.10.546.519.40.11.019.3169.7East&S.Africa†–††0.7†–††–0.4–0.10.10.31.7Australasia––0.1††––0.2†–2.0–0.32.53.88.9China–––––––––––––†1.31.3India†––††––†††–––†††Japan†––††–––†–†–––0.40.4Singapore–––††––††–0.1†––0.40.5OtherAsiaPacific†–0.2†0.1––0.20.15.837.92.50.81.4–49.0Totalimports23.7†312.624.4501.30.116.222.215.810.3508.2231.2132.544.4286.32129.1†Lessthan0.05.Notes:Doesnotincludebiofuelstrade.Bunkerfueluseisnotincludedasexports.Intra-areamovements(forexample,betweencountrieswithinEurope)areexcluded.Crudeimportsandexportsincludecondensates.Internationaltradeofcrudeoilwas2.1billiontonnesin2022,anincreaseofaround4%over2021.TheMiddleEastdominatedexportsaccountingfor43%ofthetotalfollowedbyRussiaat12%.Ontheimportside,theAsiaPacificregionaccountedfornearly60%ofthetotal.China,India,andJapanwereresponsiblefornearly75%oftheregions’total.At0.5billiontonnes,Europewasthesecondlargestdestination,representingaround24%ofthetotal.ExportsImportsBacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202329OilInter-areamovements2022–RefinedproductMiddleEastCanadaS.&Cent.AmericaSingaporeUSJapanChinaIndiaEuropeAfricaMiddleEastOtherAsiaPacificUSMexicoOtherAsiaPacificRussianFederationEuropeIndiaSingaporeChinaCanadaS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAfricaJapanOilInter-areamovements2022–RefinedproductProduct(milliontonnes)ToFromCanadaMexicoUSS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeRussiaOtherCISMiddleEastAfricaAustralasiaChinaIndiaJapanSingaporeOtherAsiaPacificTotalCanada–0.126.81.00.6†††0.1†0.7†2.0†1.132.3Mexico––8.10.10.1–††0.1††††0.1†8.6US24.155.8–81.432.2††2.09.70.915.55.711.00.613.9253.0S.&Cent.America0.10.57.1–4.9††0.63.2†3.30.60.96.01.628.9Europe2.92.020.511.8–0.41.59.447.00.12.02.50.84.14.6109.5Russia††6.13.776.4–5.66.52.6†9.67.30.21.76.3125.9OtherCIS††0.60.17.60.9–0.31.0†0.4†–0.41.012.2Iraq––3.2†2.4††0.50.1–0.52.1–0.53.212.5Kuwait0.3–0.80.45.1–†3.92.90.21.43.42.00.19.429.8SaudiArabia†–4.91.813.3††14.516.4†2.19.11.41.68.874.1UAE†–1.33.06.9††8.816.20.111.09.54.85.422.589.5OtherMiddleEast††1.70.87.1†0.217.97.20.28.87.34.21.522.479.4NorthAfrica†–2.30.811.7††0.70.4†1.40.10.71.06.725.7WestAfrica††0.91.22.1†††0.8†1.0†–0.10.97.1East&S.Africa†††0.10.3††0.30.6††††0.30.11.9Australasia††–0.10.9††0.1†–0.6†1.50.30.94.3China0.10.50.34.26.30.20.11.55.12.3–0.60.67.724.554.1India††3.32.820.3††15.216.94.70.5–0.53.315.783.3Japan†0.51.30.80.9†††0.13.41.10.1–3.15.516.9Singapore††1.00.71.9††1.02.312.53.12.10.6–47.172.3OtherAsiaPacific0.20.38.00.95.50.10.23.57.923.730.32.57.334.7–125.1Totalimports27.959.698.2115.8206.51.77.686.8140.848.193.353.138.572.5196.51246.6†Lessthan0.05.Notes:Doesnotincludebiofuelstrade.Bunkerfueluseisnotincludedasexports.Intra-areamovements(forexample,betweencountrieswithinEurope)areexcluded.Crudeimportsandexportsincludecondensates.At1.2billiontonnes,internationaltradeofrefinedproductwasaround40%thatofcrudeoilintermsofvolumeandonly2.5%higherthanitrecordedin2021.Betweenthem,theMiddleEastandtheUSaccountedfor45%ofthetotalexportsat0.29and0.25billiontonnesrespectively.At0.5billiontonnes,AsiaPacificregionaccountedforaround40%oftotalimports.Europewasthesecondlargestimporterofrefinedproductsat0.2billiontonnes,60%belowAsiaPacificregion.ExportsImportsBacktocontents30EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023NaturalgasProductioninbillioncubicmetresGrowthrateperannumShareBillioncubicmetres2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada150.3151.9159.0160.8165.0171.3176.8169.6165.6172.3185.07.4%2.1%4.6%Mexico50.952.551.347.943.738.337.936.735.538.440.45.2%-2.3%1.0%US649.1655.7704.7740.3727.4746.2840.9928.1916.1944.1978.63.6%4.2%24.2%TotalNorthAmerica850.3860.1915.0949.0936.0955.71055.61134.41117.21154.91203.94.2%3.5%29.8%Argentina36.734.634.535.537.337.139.441.638.338.641.67.7%1.3%1.0%Bolivia16.919.620.420.118.918.617.315.114.715.113.4-11.5%-2.3%0.3%Brazil19.821.923.323.824.127.225.225.724.224.323.0-5.6%1.5%0.6%Colombia11.513.212.311.612.011.812.412.612.512.612.4-1.1%0.8%0.3%Peru12.012.413.112.714.013.012.813.512.211.513.820.5%1.5%0.3%Trinidad&Tobago38.538.738.136.031.331.934.034.629.524.726.05.1%-3.9%0.6%Venezuela31.930.631.836.137.238.631.625.621.628.129.24.0%-0.9%0.7%OtherS.&Cent.America3.02.72.62.93.13.13.03.22.72.62.63.2%-1.2%0.1%TotalS.&Cent.America170.3173.8176.2178.6178.0181.3175.7171.9155.5157.5162.02.9%-0.5%4.0%Denmark6.05.04.84.84.75.14.33.21.41.51.50.2%-13.1%†Germany9.58.68.17.56.96.45.55.34.54.54.3-6.2%-7.7%0.1%Italy8.27.46.86.45.55.35.24.63.93.23.2-0.8%-9.1%0.1%Netherlands68.472.460.445.944.337.932.527.720.118.015.1-16.5%-14.0%0.4%Norway113.9107.9107.5116.1115.9123.7121.3114.3111.5114.3122.87.5%0.8%3.0%Poland4.54.44.34.34.14.04.04.03.93.94.03.0%-1.3%0.1%Romania10.110.010.210.29.110.010.09.68.68.68.82.3%-1.3%0.2%Ukraine19.420.220.218.819.019.419.719.419.118.717.5-6.6%-1.0%0.4%UnitedKingdom39.237.037.440.741.741.940.639.339.632.838.216.4%-0.3%0.9%OtherEurope8.47.26.36.18.79.08.47.46.35.45.1-5.5%-4.9%0.1%TotalEurope287.5280.0266.1260.8259.9262.7251.5234.8218.9211.0220.44.5%-2.6%5.4%Azerbaijan16.817.518.418.818.317.818.823.925.931.834.17.3%7.3%0.8%Kazakhstan29.030.432.827.130.936.439.233.530.626.726.0-2.8%-1.1%0.6%RussianFederation601.9614.5591.2584.4589.3635.6669.1679.0638.4702.1618.4-11.9%0.3%15.3%Turkmenistan59.059.063.565.963.258.761.563.266.079.378.3-1.3%2.9%1.9%Uzbekistan56.555.956.353.653.153.658.357.547.150.948.9-4.0%-1.4%1.2%OtherCIS0.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.3-10.7%-1.1%†TotalCIS763.5777.6762.4750.2755.1802.3847.2857.4808.4891.2805.9-9.6%0.5%19.9%Bahrain13.114.014.714.614.414.514.616.316.417.217.1-0.7%2.7%0.4%Iran156.9157.5175.5183.5199.3213.9224.9232.9249.5256.7259.41.1%5.2%6.4%Iraq6.37.17.57.39.910.110.611.07.09.19.43.5%4.0%0.2%Kuwait14.715.514.316.116.416.216.913.312.212.113.410.4%-1.0%0.3%Oman28.330.829.330.731.532.336.336.736.940.242.14.6%4.0%1.0%Qatar162.5167.9169.4175.9174.8170.5175.2177.2174.9177.0178.40.8%0.9%4.4%SaudiArabia94.495.097.399.2105.3109.3112.1111.2113.1114.5120.45.2%2.5%3.0%Syria6.15.04.64.13.53.53.53.32.93.13.1-0.2%-6.6%0.1%UnitedArabEmirates52.953.252.958.659.554.352.956.250.658.358.0-0.6%0.9%1.4%Yemen7.610.49.82.90.50.30.10.10.10.10.1–-33.4%†OtherMiddleEast2.56.37.38.19.09.510.110.315.017.920.011.4%23.0%0.5%TotalMiddleEast545.5562.6582.6600.9624.3634.4657.2668.3678.8706.2721.32.1%2.8%17.8%Algeria78.479.380.281.491.493.093.887.081.4101.198.2-2.9%2.3%2.4%Egypt58.654.047.042.640.348.858.664.958.567.864.5-4.9%1.0%1.6%Libya11.612.211.814.714.813.613.213.512.414.514.82.4%2.5%0.4%Nigeria39.233.140.047.642.647.248.349.349.445.240.4-10.6%0.3%1.0%OtherAfrica18.920.520.721.822.827.027.928.429.830.431.12.1%5.1%0.8%TotalAfrica206.7199.0199.6208.1211.9229.5241.8243.0231.4259.0249.0-3.9%1.9%6.2%Australia58.360.665.374.394.1110.3127.4146.1145.9148.2152.83.1%10.1%3.8%Bangladesh21.322.023.025.926.526.626.625.323.723.623.3-1.5%0.9%0.6%Brunei12.311.912.713.312.912.912.613.012.611.510.6-8.2%-1.4%0.3%China111.5121.8131.2135.7137.9149.2161.4176.7194.0209.2221.86.0%7.1%5.5%India37.331.129.428.126.627.727.526.923.828.529.84.4%-2.2%0.7%Indonesia78.377.676.476.275.172.772.867.659.559.357.7-2.7%-3.0%1.4%Malaysia69.372.672.276.876.779.676.177.572.278.082.45.7%1.8%2.0%Myanmar12.512.916.519.218.317.817.018.517.517.216.9-1.7%3.0%0.4%Pakistan36.635.635.035.034.734.734.232.730.632.728.7-12.2%-2.4%0.7%Thailand38.438.939.137.537.335.934.735.832.731.525.6-18.7%-4.0%0.6%Vietnam9.09.49.910.310.29.59.79.88.87.27.88.3%-1.5%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific17.718.223.127.929.029.226.928.729.026.823.8-11.0%3.0%0.6%TotalAsiaPacific502.4512.5533.7560.2579.2606.0626.8658.5650.4673.8681.31.1%3.1%16.8%TotalWorld3326.23365.73435.63507.83544.53671.93855.83968.43860.64053.44043.8-0.2%2.0%100.0%ofwhich:OECD1187.31196.81242.51281.21289.81328.21434.51516.91488.71523.51589.14.3%3.0%39.3%Non-OECD2138.82168.92193.12226.72254.72343.72421.32451.62371.92529.92454.7-3.0%1.4%60.7%EuropeanUnion#113.9113.999.984.382.376.869.061.047.844.341.1-7.2%-9.7%1.0%Source:IncludesdatafromCedigaz.FGEMENAgasservice.Excludesgasflaredorrecycled.IncludesnaturalgasproducedforGas-to-Liquidstransformation.^Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar);astheyarederiveddirectlyfrommeasuresofenergycontentusinganaverageconversionfactorandhavebeenstandardisedusingaGrossCalorificValue(GCV)of40MJ/m3,theydonotnecessarilyequatewithgasvolumesexpressedinspecificnationalterms.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingbillioncubicmetresfigures.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202331NaturalgasProductioninexajoulesGrowthrateperannumShareExajoules2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada5.415.475.725.795.946.176.366.115.966.206.667.4%2.1%4.6%Mexico1.831.891.851.731.571.381.361.321.281.381.455.2%-2.3%1.0%US23.3723.6025.3726.6526.1826.8630.2733.4132.9833.9935.233.6%4.2%24.2%TotalNorthAmerica30.6130.9632.9434.1633.7034.4138.0040.8440.2241.5743.344.2%3.5%29.8%Argentina1.321.241.241.281.341.341.421.501.381.391.507.7%1.3%1.0%Bolivia0.610.700.740.720.680.670.620.540.530.550.48-11.5%-2.3%0.3%Brazil0.710.790.840.860.870.980.910.930.870.880.83-5.6%1.5%0.6%Colombia0.410.480.440.420.430.420.450.450.450.450.45-1.1%0.8%0.3%Peru0.430.450.470.460.500.470.460.490.440.410.5020.5%1.5%0.3%Trinidad&Tobago1.391.391.371.291.131.151.221.241.060.890.945.1%-3.9%0.6%Venezuela1.151.101.141.301.341.391.140.920.781.011.054.0%-0.9%0.7%OtherS.&Cent.America0.110.100.090.100.110.110.110.120.100.090.103.2%-1.2%0.1%TotalS.&Cent.America6.136.266.346.436.416.536.336.195.605.675.832.9%-0.5%4.0%Denmark0.220.180.170.170.170.180.150.120.050.050.050.2%-13.1%†Germany0.340.310.290.270.250.230.200.190.160.160.15-6.2%-7.7%0.1%Italy0.300.270.250.230.200.190.190.170.140.110.11-0.8%-9.1%0.1%Netherlands2.462.612.171.651.591.371.171.000.720.650.54-16.5%-14.0%0.4%Norway4.103.893.874.184.174.454.374.114.014.124.427.5%0.8%3.0%Poland0.160.160.160.150.150.150.140.140.140.140.143.0%-1.3%0.1%Romania0.360.360.370.370.330.360.360.350.310.310.322.3%-1.3%0.2%Ukraine0.700.730.730.680.680.700.710.700.690.670.63-6.6%-1.0%0.4%UnitedKingdom1.411.331.351.461.501.511.461.411.421.181.3716.4%-0.3%0.9%OtherEurope0.300.260.230.220.310.320.300.270.230.190.18-5.5%-4.9%0.1%TotalEurope10.3510.089.589.399.369.469.058.457.887.597.934.5%-2.6%5.4%Azerbaijan0.610.630.660.680.660.640.680.860.931.151.237.3%7.3%0.8%Kazakhstan1.041.101.180.981.111.311.411.211.100.960.93-2.8%-1.1%0.6%RussianFederation21.6722.1221.2821.0421.2122.8824.0924.4422.9825.2822.26-11.9%0.3%15.3%Turkmenistan2.122.122.292.372.282.112.212.272.382.852.82-1.3%2.9%1.9%Uzbekistan2.032.012.031.931.911.932.102.071.701.831.76-4.0%-1.4%1.2%OtherCIS0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01-10.7%-1.1%†TotalCIS27.4927.9927.4527.0127.1928.8830.5030.8729.1032.0829.01-9.6%0.5%19.9%Bahrain0.470.500.530.530.520.520.530.590.590.620.62-0.7%2.7%0.4%Iran5.655.676.326.617.187.708.108.388.989.249.341.1%5.2%6.4%Iraq0.230.250.270.260.360.360.380.390.250.330.343.5%4.0%0.2%Kuwait0.530.560.510.580.590.580.610.480.440.440.4810.4%-1.0%0.3%Oman1.021.111.061.111.131.161.311.321.331.451.524.6%4.0%1.0%Qatar5.856.046.106.336.296.146.316.386.306.376.420.8%0.9%4.4%SaudiArabia3.403.423.503.573.793.934.044.004.074.124.335.2%2.5%3.0%Syria0.220.180.170.150.130.130.120.120.110.110.11-0.2%-6.6%0.1%UnitedArabEmirates1.911.921.902.112.141.951.912.021.822.102.09-0.6%0.9%1.4%Yemen0.270.370.350.100.020.01^^^^^–-33.4%†OtherMiddleEast0.090.230.260.290.330.340.360.370.540.650.7211.4%23.0%0.5%TotalMiddleEast19.6420.2520.9721.6322.4722.8423.6624.0624.4425.4225.972.1%2.8%17.8%Algeria2.822.862.892.933.293.353.383.132.933.643.53-2.9%2.3%2.4%Egypt2.111.941.691.531.451.762.112.342.102.442.32-4.9%1.0%1.6%Libya0.420.440.430.530.530.490.470.490.440.520.532.4%2.5%0.4%Nigeria1.411.191.441.711.531.701.741.771.781.631.45-10.6%0.3%1.0%OtherAfrica0.680.740.740.780.820.971.011.021.071.101.122.1%5.1%0.8%TotalAfrica7.447.177.197.497.638.268.708.758.339.328.96-3.9%1.9%6.2%Australia2.102.182.352.673.393.974.595.265.255.345.503.1%10.1%3.8%Bangladesh0.770.790.830.930.950.960.960.910.850.850.84-1.5%0.9%0.6%Brunei0.440.430.460.480.470.460.450.470.460.420.38-8.2%-1.4%0.3%China4.014.394.724.884.975.375.816.366.987.537.996.0%7.1%5.5%India1.341.121.061.010.961.000.990.970.861.031.074.4%-2.2%0.7%Indonesia2.822.792.752.742.702.622.622.432.142.132.08-2.7%-3.0%1.4%Malaysia2.492.612.602.772.762.862.742.792.602.812.975.7%1.8%2.0%Myanmar0.450.460.600.690.660.640.610.670.630.620.61-1.7%3.0%0.4%Pakistan1.321.281.261.261.251.251.231.181.101.181.03-12.2%-2.4%0.7%Thailand1.381.401.411.351.341.291.251.291.181.130.92-18.7%-4.0%0.6%Vietnam0.320.340.350.370.370.340.350.350.320.260.288.3%-1.5%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific0.640.660.831.011.041.050.971.031.040.960.86-11.0%3.0%0.6%TotalAsiaPacific18.0918.4519.2120.1720.8521.8222.5723.7123.4124.2624.531.1%3.1%16.8%TotalWorld119.74121.16123.68126.28127.60132.19138.81142.86138.98145.92145.58-0.2%2.0%100.0%ofwhich:OECD42.7443.0844.7346.1246.4347.8151.6454.6153.5954.8557.214.3%3.0%39.3%Non-OECD77.0078.0878.9580.1681.1784.3787.1788.2685.3991.0888.37-3.0%1.4%60.7%EuropeanUnion#4.104.103.603.032.962.762.482.191.721.601.48-7.2%-9.7%1.0%Source:IncludesdatafromCedigaz.FGEMENAgasservice.Excludesgasflaredorrecycled.IncludesnaturalgasproducedforGas-to-Liquidstransformation.^Lessthan0.005.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.Backtocontents32EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023NaturalgasConsumptioninbillioncubicmetresGrowthrateperannumShareBillioncubicmetres2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada99.4105.4109.8110.3105.2109.8116.2116.9113.6117.0121.64.0%2.0%3.1%Mexico73.777.878.880.883.086.090.393.494.597.396.6-0.8%2.7%2.5%US688.1707.0722.3743.6749.1740.0822.0851.0832.9835.8881.25.4%2.5%22.4%TotalNorthAmerica861.2890.3911.0934.7937.3935.81028.41061.31041.01050.11099.44.7%2.5%27.9%Argentina45.746.046.246.748.248.348.746.643.945.945.7-0.5%†1.2%Brazil32.638.440.742.937.137.635.935.731.440.432.0-20.9%-0.2%0.8%Chile5.35.34.44.85.95.65.66.56.26.87.59.3%3.5%0.2%Colombia9.510.511.411.212.111.812.712.913.112.612.6-0.3%2.9%0.3%Ecuador0.70.90.90.80.90.80.70.60.60.60.5-5.6%-3.0%†Peru6.96.77.47.68.57.58.08.27.18.09.619.9%3.4%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago20.220.420.519.616.918.317.417.515.215.615.1-3.5%-2.9%0.4%Venezuela34.632.334.037.037.238.631.625.621.628.129.24.0%-1.7%0.7%CentralAmerica––––––0.20.50.40.30.6122.9%–†OtherCaribbean3.23.63.73.73.83.64.15.04.65.85.3-8.6%5.2%0.1%OtherSouthAmerica3.13.33.53.43.63.94.03.93.33.73.7-1.2%1.7%0.1%TotalS.&Cent.America161.8167.3172.6177.8174.3176.2169.0162.9147.5167.9161.7-3.7%†4.1%Austria8.68.27.58.08.39.18.78.98.59.07.9-12.2%-0.9%0.2%Belgium16.716.514.515.816.216.416.917.417.017.014.6-14.2%-1.4%0.4%Bulgaria2.92.82.73.03.13.23.02.82.93.32.7-18.1%-0.5%0.1%Croatia2.82.72.32.42.52.92.72.82.92.82.4-13.7%-1.4%0.1%Cyprus––––––––––––––CzechRepublic8.08.17.27.58.28.48.08.38.59.17.4-18.7%-0.8%0.2%Denmark4.13.83.33.33.43.23.12.92.32.41.7-28.3%-8.3%†Estonia0.60.60.50.50.50.50.50.50.40.50.4-25.5%-5.5%†Finland3.23.02.72.32.01.82.12.02.12.11.1-47.9%-10.3%†France44.445.137.940.844.544.842.843.740.643.038.4-10.8%-1.5%1.0%Germany81.185.073.977.084.987.785.989.387.191.777.3-15.7%-0.5%2.0%Greece4.74.13.23.44.45.45.25.86.37.06.2-11.2%2.8%0.2%Hungary9.79.18.18.79.39.99.69.810.210.89.2-15.1%-0.6%0.2%Iceland––––––––––––––Ireland4.74.54.34.44.95.05.25.35.35.15.22.0%1.0%0.1%Italy71.466.759.064.367.571.669.270.867.672.465.3-9.8%-0.9%1.7%Latvia1.41.41.31.31.31.21.41.31.11.20.8-30.1%-5.5%†Lithuania3.12.52.42.42.12.22.22.22.42.21.6-27.9%-6.3%†Luxembourg1.21.01.00.90.80.80.80.80.70.80.6-21.4%-6.7%†Netherlands39.339.134.333.835.136.335.637.136.134.927.1-22.2%-3.6%0.7%NorthMacedonia0.10.20.10.10.20.30.20.30.30.40.3-35.5%7.2%†Norway4.04.04.34.54.44.64.44.64.44.24.0-5.4%-0.1%0.1%Poland17.417.417.017.118.319.219.920.921.122.417.9-19.9%0.3%0.5%Portugal4.64.34.14.85.16.35.86.16.05.85.6-3.5%2.1%0.1%Romania12.511.410.910.410.511.311.610.811.311.69.8-15.6%-2.5%0.2%Slovakia5.15.34.44.54.54.84.74.84.85.35.1-2.8%0.1%0.1%Slovenia0.80.80.70.80.80.90.90.90.90.90.8-11.8%-0.4%†Spain33.230.327.528.529.131.731.536.032.534.333.1-3.6%†0.8%Sweden1.11.00.80.91.01.01.01.01.01.10.7-30.9%-3.6%†Switzerland3.43.63.13.33.53.53.33.43.33.63.0-17.8%-1.4%0.1%Türkiye43.344.046.646.044.551.647.243.446.257.351.2-10.6%1.7%1.3%Ukraine51.847.740.332.031.430.230.628.329.327.319.3-29.3%-9.4%0.5%UnitedKingdom76.976.370.172.080.778.578.677.773.177.872.0-7.5%-0.7%1.8%OtherEurope3.94.24.14.54.65.35.35.55.56.06.23.5%4.6%0.2%TotalEurope566.2554.8500.2509.2537.9559.5548.0555.2541.7573.1498.8-13.0%-1.3%12.7%Azerbaijan9.49.49.911.110.910.610.811.812.412.812.1-5.6%2.6%0.3%Belarus19.419.319.117.917.818.219.319.217.818.818.5-1.6%-0.5%0.5%Kazakhstan10.711.214.813.815.016.716.719.717.721.621.70.4%7.3%0.6%RussianFederation428.6424.9422.2408.7420.6431.1454.5444.3423.5474.6408.0-14.0%-0.5%10.4%Turkmenistan22.919.320.025.425.124.828.427.734.336.837.52.1%5.0%1.0%Uzbekistan46.246.248.546.343.344.844.444.643.646.548.33.9%0.4%1.2%OtherCIS5.74.85.35.25.15.15.95.65.95.85.1-13.0%-1.2%0.1%TotalCIS543.0535.0539.8528.4538.0551.2580.0572.9555.0616.9551.2-10.6%0.2%14.0%Iran152.5153.8173.4184.0196.3205.0212.6218.4236.8236.5228.9-3.2%4.1%5.8%Iraq6.37.17.57.39.911.414.619.518.516.818.912.0%11.5%0.5%Israel2.46.67.28.19.29.910.510.811.311.711.3-3.2%16.5%0.3%Kuwait17.517.817.920.321.121.021.218.417.919.821.810.3%2.2%0.6%Oman19.721.721.323.022.923.425.025.025.928.028.52.0%3.8%0.7%Qatar33.635.338.443.441.441.240.741.938.540.036.7-8.3%0.9%0.9%SaudiArabia94.495.097.399.2105.3109.3112.1111.2113.1114.5120.45.2%2.5%3.1%UnitedArabEmirates63.964.763.471.571.967.266.169.764.770.869.8-1.3%0.9%1.8%OtherMiddleEast20.621.320.922.523.123.222.023.223.324.124.30.7%1.7%0.6%TotalMiddleEast411.0423.4447.4479.3501.2511.6524.8537.9549.9562.1560.6-0.3%3.2%14.2%Algeria29.932.136.137.938.639.543.445.143.447.744.3-7.2%4.0%1.1%Egypt50.649.546.246.049.455.959.659.058.362.260.7-2.3%1.8%1.5%Morocco1.21.21.21.21.21.21.11.00.80.80.2-71.8%-15.8%†SouthAfrica4.44.14.34.33.74.04.44.34.04.64.6-1.2%0.5%0.1%EasternAfrica1.11.11.31.62.02.02.12.42.32.72.97.0%10.0%0.1%MiddleAfrica3.74.14.04.35.55.55.55.15.35.95.3-10.6%3.7%0.1%WesternAfrica13.012.716.023.921.122.123.624.325.927.226.5-2.7%7.4%0.7%OtherNorthernAfrica10.912.311.313.415.714.814.814.013.717.318.03.9%5.1%0.5%OtherSouthernAfrica––––––––––––––TotalAfrica114.8117.1120.3132.7137.1145.0154.4155.2153.7168.5162.5-3.5%3.5%4.1%Australia33.335.037.639.038.037.337.244.142.539.941.64.3%2.3%1.1%Bangladesh21.322.023.025.926.526.627.430.929.930.629.2-4.6%3.2%0.7%China150.9171.9188.4194.7209.4241.3283.9308.4336.6380.3375.7-1.2%9.6%9.5%ChinaHongKongSAR2.62.52.43.03.13.13.03.14.94.84.5-6.4%5.5%0.1%India55.749.048.547.850.853.658.059.260.462.158.2-6.3%0.4%1.5%Indonesia43.044.544.045.844.643.244.544.037.537.137.0-0.2%-1.5%0.9%Japan123.2123.5124.8118.7116.4117.0115.7108.1104.1103.6100.5-3.0%-2.0%2.5%Malaysia42.044.644.746.845.045.044.745.243.649.449.4-0.1%1.6%1.3%NewZealand4.54.75.24.84.85.04.54.84.63.93.6-6.5%-2.1%0.1%Pakistan36.635.635.036.538.740.743.644.541.244.938.4-14.5%0.5%1.0%Philippines3.63.43.53.33.83.84.14.23.83.23.1-4.0%-1.7%0.1%Singapore8.910.010.411.611.912.312.312.512.613.413.1-2.2%3.9%0.3%SouthKorea52.555.050.045.647.649.857.856.057.562.461.9-0.8%1.7%1.6%SriLanka––––––––––––––Taiwan17.917.918.920.221.023.223.723.324.927.328.12.8%4.6%0.7%Thailand48.648.949.951.050.650.150.050.946.947.044.3-5.7%-0.9%1.1%Vietnam9.09.49.910.310.29.59.79.88.87.27.88.3%-1.5%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific8.58.610.311.611.111.310.911.411.711.410.7-6.3%2.3%0.3%TotalAsiaPacific662.3686.4706.4716.6733.5772.8831.0860.6871.6928.5907.1-2.3%3.2%23.0%TotalWorld3320.33374.23397.73478.83559.33652.13835.63905.83860.34067.13941.3-3.1%1.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD1584.01616.81591.21623.81656.91678.51767.11809.11769.91812.81796.6-0.9%1.3%45.6%Non-OECD1736.31757.41806.51855.01902.41973.62068.42096.72090.52254.32144.7-4.9%2.1%54.4%EuropeanUnion#382.6374.9331.5346.7368.6385.9378.7392.5380.0397.0343.4-13.5%-1.1%8.7%Source:IncludesdatafromCedigaz,FGEMENAgasservice.ExcludesnaturalgasconvertedtoliquidfuelsbutincludesderivativesofcoalaswellasnaturalgasconsumedinGas-to-Liquidstransformation.^Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar);astheyarederiveddirectlyfrommeasuresofenergycontentusinganaverageconversionfactorandhavebeenstandardisedusingaGrossCalorificValue(GCV)of40MJ/m3,theydonotnecessarilyequatewithgasvolumesexpressedinspecificnationalterms.Thedifferencebetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandtheworldproductionstatisticsisduetovariationsinstocksatstoragefacilitiesandliquefactionplants,togetherwithunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofgassupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingbillioncubicmetresfigures.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202333NaturalgasConsumptioninexajoulesGrowthrateperannumShareExajoules2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada3.583.803.953.973.793.954.184.214.094.214.384.0%2.1%3.1%Mexico2.652.802.842.912.993.103.253.363.403.503.48-0.8%2.8%2.5%US24.7725.4526.0026.7726.9726.6429.5930.6429.9830.0931.725.4%2.5%22.4%TotalNorthAmerica31.0032.0532.7933.6533.7433.6937.0238.2137.4837.8039.584.7%2.5%27.9%Argentina1.641.661.661.681.741.741.751.681.581.651.64-0.5%†1.2%Brazil1.171.381.461.551.341.351.291.291.131.461.15-20.9%-0.2%0.8%Chile0.190.190.160.170.210.200.200.230.220.250.279.3%3.5%0.2%Colombia0.340.380.410.400.430.430.460.460.470.450.45-0.3%2.9%0.3%Ecuador0.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.02-5.6%-3.0%†Peru0.250.240.270.280.310.270.290.300.260.290.3519.9%3.5%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago0.730.730.740.710.610.660.630.630.550.560.54-3.5%-2.9%0.4%Venezuela1.251.161.221.331.341.391.140.920.781.011.054.0%-1.7%0.7%CentralAmerica––––––0.010.020.010.010.02122.9%–†OtherCaribbean0.120.130.130.130.140.130.150.180.170.210.19-8.6%5.2%0.1%OtherSouthAmerica0.110.120.130.120.130.140.140.140.120.130.13-1.2%1.7%0.1%TotalS.&Cent.America5.826.026.216.406.276.346.085.865.316.045.82-3.7%†4.1%Austria0.310.300.270.290.300.330.310.320.310.320.28-12.2%-0.9%0.2%Belgium0.600.600.520.570.580.590.610.630.610.610.52-14.2%-1.4%0.4%Bulgaria0.100.100.100.110.110.120.110.100.110.120.10-18.1%-0.5%0.1%Croatia0.100.100.080.090.090.100.100.100.110.100.09-13.7%-1.4%0.1%Cyprus––––––––––––––CzechRepublic0.290.290.260.270.290.300.290.300.300.330.27-18.7%-0.8%0.2%Denmark0.150.140.120.120.120.120.110.100.080.090.06-28.3%-8.3%†Estonia0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.01-25.5%-5.5%†Finland0.120.110.100.080.070.070.080.070.070.070.04-47.9%-10.3%†France1.601.631.361.471.601.611.541.571.461.551.38-10.8%-1.5%1.0%Germany2.923.062.662.773.063.163.093.213.143.302.78-15.7%-0.5%2.0%Greece0.170.150.110.120.160.190.190.210.230.250.22-11.2%2.8%0.2%Hungary0.350.330.290.310.340.360.350.350.370.390.33-15.1%-0.6%0.2%Iceland––––––––––––––Ireland0.170.160.160.160.180.180.190.190.190.180.192.0%1.0%0.1%Italy2.572.402.122.322.432.582.492.552.432.612.35-9.8%-0.9%1.7%Latvia0.050.050.050.050.050.040.050.050.040.040.03-30.1%-5.5%†Lithuania0.110.090.090.090.080.080.080.080.080.080.06-27.9%-6.3%†Luxembourg0.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.02-21.4%-6.7%†Netherlands1.411.411.241.221.271.311.281.341.301.260.98-22.2%-3.6%0.7%NorthMacedonia^0.01^^0.010.010.010.010.010.010.01-35.5%7.2%†Norway0.140.140.150.160.160.170.160.160.160.150.14-5.4%-0.1%0.1%Poland0.630.630.610.620.660.690.720.750.760.810.65-19.9%0.3%0.5%Portugal0.160.160.150.170.180.230.210.220.220.210.20-3.5%2.1%0.1%Romania0.450.410.390.370.380.410.420.390.410.420.35-15.6%-2.5%0.2%Slovakia0.180.190.160.160.160.170.170.170.170.190.19-2.8%0.1%0.1%Slovenia0.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03-11.8%-0.4%†Spain1.201.090.991.031.051.141.131.301.171.241.19-3.6%†0.8%Sweden0.040.040.030.030.040.030.040.040.040.040.03-30.9%-3.6%†Switzerland0.120.130.110.120.130.130.120.120.120.130.11-17.8%-1.4%0.1%Türkiye1.561.581.681.651.601.861.701.561.662.061.84-10.6%1.7%1.3%Ukraine1.871.721.451.151.131.091.101.021.060.980.69-29.3%-9.4%0.5%UnitedKingdom2.772.752.522.592.902.832.832.802.632.802.59-7.5%-0.7%1.8%OtherEurope0.140.150.150.160.170.190.190.200.200.220.223.5%4.6%0.2%TotalEurope20.3819.9718.0118.3319.3620.1419.7319.9919.5020.6317.96-13.0%-1.3%12.7%Azerbaijan0.340.340.350.400.390.380.390.420.450.460.44-5.6%2.6%0.3%Belarus0.700.690.690.640.640.660.700.690.640.680.66-1.6%-0.5%0.5%Kazakhstan0.390.400.530.500.540.600.600.710.640.780.780.4%7.3%0.6%RussianFederation15.4315.3015.2014.7115.1415.5216.3616.0015.2517.0914.69-14.0%-0.5%10.4%Turkmenistan0.830.700.720.910.900.891.021.001.231.321.352.1%5.0%1.0%Uzbekistan1.661.661.751.671.561.611.601.611.571.671.743.9%0.4%1.2%OtherCIS0.210.170.190.190.190.180.210.200.210.210.18-13.0%-1.2%0.1%TotalCIS19.5519.2619.4319.0219.3719.8420.8820.6219.9822.2119.84-10.6%0.2%14.0%Iran5.495.546.246.627.077.387.667.868.528.518.24-3.2%4.1%5.8%Iraq0.230.250.270.260.360.410.530.700.670.610.6812.0%11.5%0.5%Israel0.090.240.260.290.330.360.380.390.410.420.41-3.2%16.5%0.3%Kuwait0.630.640.640.730.760.760.760.660.640.710.7810.3%2.2%0.6%Oman0.710.780.770.830.820.840.900.900.931.011.032.0%3.8%0.7%Qatar1.211.271.381.561.491.481.471.511.391.441.32-8.3%0.9%0.9%SaudiArabia3.403.423.503.573.793.934.044.004.074.124.335.2%2.5%3.1%UnitedArabEmirates2.302.332.282.572.592.422.382.512.332.552.51-1.3%0.9%1.8%OtherMiddleEast0.740.770.750.810.830.840.790.830.840.870.870.7%1.7%0.6%TotalMiddleEast14.8015.2416.1117.2618.0418.4218.8919.3619.8020.2320.18-0.3%3.2%14.2%Algeria1.081.161.301.371.391.421.561.621.561.721.59-7.2%4.0%1.1%Egypt1.821.781.661.661.782.012.152.132.102.242.19-2.3%1.8%1.5%Morocco0.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.01-71.8%-15.8%†SouthAfrica0.160.150.150.160.130.140.160.150.140.170.16-1.2%0.5%0.1%EasternAfrica0.040.040.050.060.070.070.080.090.080.100.107.0%10.0%0.1%MiddleAfrica0.130.150.140.160.200.200.200.180.190.210.19-10.6%3.7%0.1%WesternAfrica0.470.460.580.860.760.800.850.880.930.980.95-2.7%7.4%0.7%OtherNorthernAfrica0.390.440.410.480.560.530.530.500.490.620.653.9%5.1%0.5%OtherSouthernAfrica––––––––––––––TotalAfrica4.134.214.334.784.945.225.565.595.536.065.85-3.5%3.5%4.1%Australia1.201.261.351.401.371.341.341.591.531.441.504.3%2.3%1.1%Bangladesh0.770.790.830.930.950.960.991.111.081.101.05-4.6%3.2%0.7%China5.436.196.787.017.548.6910.2211.1012.1213.6913.53-1.2%9.6%9.5%ChinaHongKongSAR0.090.090.090.110.110.110.110.110.180.170.16-6.4%5.5%0.1%India2.011.761.751.721.831.932.092.132.172.242.09-6.3%0.4%1.5%Indonesia1.551.601.591.651.611.561.601.581.351.331.33-0.2%-1.5%0.9%Japan4.444.454.494.274.194.214.173.893.753.733.62-3.0%-2.0%2.5%Malaysia1.511.601.611.691.621.621.611.631.571.781.78-0.1%1.6%1.3%NewZealand0.160.170.190.170.170.180.160.170.160.140.13-6.5%-2.1%0.1%Pakistan1.321.281.261.321.391.471.571.601.481.621.38-14.5%0.5%1.0%Philippines0.130.120.130.120.140.140.150.150.140.120.11-4.0%-1.7%0.1%Singapore0.320.360.370.420.430.440.440.450.450.480.47-2.2%3.9%0.3%SouthKorea1.891.981.801.641.721.792.082.022.072.252.23-0.8%1.7%1.6%SriLanka––––––––––––––Taiwan0.640.650.680.730.750.840.850.840.900.981.012.8%4.6%0.7%Thailand1.751.761.801.831.821.801.801.831.691.691.60-5.7%-0.9%1.1%Vietnam0.320.340.350.370.370.340.350.350.320.260.288.3%-1.5%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific0.310.310.370.420.400.410.390.410.420.410.39-6.3%2.3%0.3%TotalAsiaPacific23.8424.7125.4325.8026.4127.8229.9130.9831.3833.4332.65-2.3%3.2%23.0%TotalWorld119.53121.47122.32125.24128.13131.48138.08140.61138.97146.41141.89-3.1%1.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD57.0258.2157.2858.4659.6560.4363.6265.1363.7265.2664.68-0.9%1.3%45.6%Non-OECD62.5163.2665.0466.7868.4971.0574.4675.4875.2681.1577.21-4.9%2.1%54.4%EuropeanUnion#13.7813.5011.9412.4813.2713.8913.6314.1313.6814.2912.36-13.5%-1.1%8.7%Source:IncludesdatafromCedigaz,FGEMENAgasservice.ExcludesnaturalgasconvertedtoliquidfuelsbutincludesderivativesofcoalaswellasnaturalgasconsumedinGas-to-Liquidstransformation.^Lessthan0.005.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Thedifferencebetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandtheworldproductionstatisticsisduetovariationsinstocksatstoragefacilitiesandliquefactionplants,togetherwithunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofgassupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandshareoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.Backtocontents34EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023NaturalgasPricesLNGNaturalgasUSdollarspermillionBtuJapanCIF1JapanKoreaMarker(JKM)2AverageGermanImportprice3UKNBP(ICISNBPIndex)4NetherlandsTTF(DAICIS–HerenTTFindex)4USHenryHubCanada(Alberta)519845.10–4.00––––19855.23–4.25––––19864.10–3.93––––19873.35–2.55––––19883.34–2.22––––19893.28–2.00––1.70–19903.64–2.78––1.641.0519913.99–3.23––1.490.8919923.62–2.70––1.770.9819933.52–2.51––2.121.6919943.18–2.35––1.921.4519953.46–2.43––1.690.8919963.66–2.501.87–2.761.1219973.91–2.661.96–2.531.3619983.05–2.331.86–2.081.4219993.14–1.861.58–2.272.0020004.72–2.912.71–4.233.7520014.64–3.673.17–4.073.6120024.27–3.212.37–3.332.5720034.77–4.063.33–5.634.8320045.18–4.304.46–5.855.0320056.05–5.837.386.078.797.2520067.13–7.877.877.466.765.8320077.73–7.996.015.936.956.17200812.55–11.6010.7910.668.857.9920099.065.288.534.854.963.893.38201010.937.728.036.566.774.393.69201114.7714.0210.499.049.264.013.47201216.7515.1210.939.469.452.762.27201316.1716.5610.7310.649.753.712.93201416.3313.869.118.258.144.353.87201510.277.456.726.536.442.602.0120166.935.724.934.694.542.461.5520178.107.135.625.805.722.961.58201810.079.766.648.067.903.121.1820199.945.495.034.474.452.511.2720207.784.394.063.423.071.991.58202110.0718.608.9415.8016.023.842.752022n/a33.9824.1725.1037.486.45n/a1Source:EDMCEnergyTrend,bpanalysis.2Source:S&PGlobalPlatts©2023,S&PGlobalInc.3Source:1986-1990GermanFederalStatisticalOffice,1991-2022GermanFederalOfficeofEconomicsandExportControl(BAFA).4Source:ICISHerenEnergyLtd.5Source:EnergyIntelligenceGroup,NaturalgasWeek.Note:cif=cost+insurance+freight(averageprices).n/a:notavailable.010203040200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022$/mmBTU——JapanKoreaMarker(JKM)——AverageGermanImportPrice——UKNBP——NetherlandsTTFIndex——USHenryHubPricesBacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202335NaturalgasInter-regionaltradeGrowthrateperannumShareBillioncubicmetres2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022USPipelineimports80.875.971.871.679.580.576.773.368.275.982.18.1%0.2%8.5%LNGimports4.92.71.72.52.42.22.11.51.30.60.711.1%-18.2%0.1%Totalimports85.678.673.574.182.082.778.874.769.576.582.78.1%-0.3%8.5%Pipelineexports45.342.540.447.258.765.767.877.478.984.382.7-1.9%6.2%8.5%LNGexports0.80.20.40.74.017.128.647.461.394.7104.310.2%63.3%10.8%Totalexports46.142.740.847.962.782.896.3124.8140.2178.9187.04.5%15.0%19.3%OtherNorthAmericaPipelineimports45.342.540.447.258.765.767.877.478.984.382.7-1.9%6.2%8.5%LNGimports6.58.89.87.45.97.07.57.13.41.60.7-59.1%-20.4%0.1%Totalimports51.751.350.254.764.572.775.384.582.285.983.4-2.9%4.9%8.6%Pipelineexports80.875.971.871.679.580.576.773.368.275.982.18.1%0.2%8.5%LNGexports––^^^^0.1^^^^-24.5%–†Totalexports80.875.971.971.679.680.676.773.368.275.982.18.1%0.2%8.5%BrazilPipelineimports9.511.011.411.29.88.47.66.46.27.16.1-13.6%-4.3%0.6%LNGimports3.55.27.16.82.61.72.93.23.310.12.3-77.2%-4.1%0.2%Totalimports13.016.318.518.012.410.110.59.79.517.28.5-51.0%-4.2%0.9%LNGexports0.50.10.2^0.60.20.1––0.1–-100.0%-100.0%–Totalexports0.50.10.2^0.60.20.1––0.1–-100.0%-100.0%–OtherS&CAmericaLNGimports11.112.912.512.112.611.711.69.910.514.311.2-21.8%0.1%1.2%Totalimports11.112.912.512.112.611.711.69.910.514.311.2-21.8%0.1%1.2%Pipelineexports9.511.011.411.29.88.47.66.46.27.16.1-13.6%-4.3%0.6%LNGexports23.424.123.321.419.919.121.422.519.813.215.215.3%-4.2%1.6%Totalexports32.935.134.732.629.727.529.028.926.020.321.35.2%-4.3%2.2%EuropePipelineimports228.5234.1209.4215.0230.6247.2247.4236.9211.0231.7150.8-34.9%-4.1%15.6%LNGimports68.251.852.156.056.464.871.2119.4116.2107.5170.258.4%9.6%17.6%Totalimports296.7285.9261.5271.0287.0312.0318.6356.3327.2339.2321.1-5.3%0.8%33.2%LNGexports8.19.013.011.010.67.911.78.87.03.97.595.1%-0.8%0.8%Totalexports8.19.013.011.010.67.911.78.87.03.97.799.5%-0.5%0.8%RussiaPipelineimports39.732.933.126.524.328.624.630.310.714.88.1-45.0%-14.7%0.8%Totalimports39.732.933.126.524.328.624.630.310.714.88.1-45.0%-14.7%0.8%Pipelineexports201.5210.7189.6194.2202.0219.7222.4220.7197.4201.3125.3-37.7%-4.6%12.9%LNGexports14.314.513.614.614.615.424.939.141.839.540.21.6%10.9%4.1%Totalexports215.8225.2203.2208.8216.7235.2247.3259.8239.2240.9165.5-31.3%-2.6%17.1%OtherCISPipelineimports25.224.026.325.426.328.830.429.826.727.825.7-7.7%0.2%2.7%Totalimports25.224.026.325.426.328.830.429.826.727.825.7-7.7%0.2%2.7%Pipelineexports69.769.575.472.672.878.080.885.261.575.470.4-6.5%0.1%7.3%Totalexports69.769.575.472.672.878.080.885.261.575.470.4-6.5%0.1%7.3%MiddleEastPipelineimports5.36.37.69.67.34.62.11.60.60.81.031.6%-14.9%0.1%LNGimports4.24.35.39.813.713.09.49.49.19.69.4-1.6%8.5%1.0%Totalimports9.410.612.919.421.117.711.511.09.710.410.50.9%1.0%1.1%Pipelineexports9.08.99.38.18.011.08.88.07.713.915.511.6%5.6%1.6%LNGexports130.3135.2132.2125.4126.0122.3125.9127.5127.3129.7136.65.3%0.5%14.1%Totalexports139.3144.2141.5133.5133.9133.2134.8135.6135.0143.6152.15.9%0.9%15.7%AfricaPipelineimports––––––––2.14.06.255.9%–0.6%LNGimports–––3.910.78.33.2–––––––Totalimports–––3.910.78.33.2–2.14.06.255.9%–0.6%Pipelineexports39.334.429.430.238.637.237.527.925.637.934.9-7.8%-1.2%3.6%LNGexports54.247.049.548.546.255.753.561.656.058.053.9-7.0%-0.1%5.6%Totalexports93.681.478.978.784.892.991.089.581.695.988.8-7.3%-0.5%9.2%ChinaPipelineimports20.826.430.332.436.839.947.947.745.153.258.49.7%10.9%6.0%LNGimports20.125.127.327.036.852.973.584.794.0109.993.2-15.2%16.6%9.6%Totalimports40.851.557.559.473.592.8121.3132.5139.1163.1151.6-7.1%14.0%15.7%LNGexports–––––––0.1––0.5––0.1%Totalexports–––––––0.1––0.5––0.1%IndiaLNGimports18.418.019.120.024.326.030.532.436.633.528.4-15.4%4.4%2.9%Totalimports18.418.019.120.024.326.030.532.436.633.528.4-15.4%4.4%2.9%LNGexports–––0.40.10.1–0.1––––––Totalexports–––0.40.10.1–0.1––––––OECDAsiaPipelineimports5.05.95.25.85.54.94.94.35.34.84.8–-0.5%0.5%LNGimports169.6175.7173.6161.6159.9165.4173.2161.1157.2165.5162.2-2.0%-0.4%16.7%Totalimports174.6181.6178.8167.4165.3170.2178.1165.5162.5170.2166.9-1.9%-0.4%17.2%LNGexports28.330.632.240.160.576.891.9104.7106.1108.7112.33.3%14.8%11.6%Totalexports28.330.632.240.160.576.891.9104.7106.1108.7112.33.3%14.8%11.6%OtherAsiaLNGimports18.522.425.229.833.040.245.555.358.463.164.21.8%13.3%6.6%Totalimports18.522.425.229.833.040.245.555.358.463.164.21.8%13.3%6.6%Pipelineexports5.06.18.19.59.28.17.88.79.28.78.80.7%5.7%0.9%LNGexports65.066.269.375.075.878.572.472.470.768.071.85.7%1.0%7.4%Totalexports70.072.377.584.585.086.680.281.179.976.780.65.1%1.4%8.3%WorldInter-regionalpipelinetrade460.1459.1435.5444.7478.6508.7509.3507.7454.7504.5426.1-15.5%-0.8%44.0%LNGtrade324.9326.8333.6337.1358.3393.3430.4484.2490.0515.7542.45.2%5.3%56.0%Totaltrade784.9785.9769.1781.8836.9902.0939.8991.8944.61020.2968.5-5.1%2.1%100.0%LNGexportsincludere-exports.Pipelinetradeexcludesintra-regionaltrade.^Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%Note:Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar)andhasbeenstandardisedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3.Backtocontents36EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023NaturalgasLNGimportsGrowthrateperannumShareBillioncubicmetres2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada1.61.00.50.60.30.40.60.50.80.70.1-85.0%-23.7%†Mexico4.97.89.36.85.66.66.96.62.50.90.6-38.2%-19.5%0.1%US4.92.71.72.52.42.22.11.51.30.60.711.1%-18.2%0.1%TotalNorthAmerica11.411.411.510.08.39.29.68.64.62.21.3-40.4%-19.4%0.2%Argentina4.76.36.25.65.14.63.61.81.83.72.3-38.8%-7.0%0.4%Brazil3.55.27.16.82.61.72.93.23.310.12.3-77.2%-4.1%0.4%Chile4.03.83.53.74.54.44.33.33.74.53.3-25.1%-1.7%0.6%OtherS.&Cent.America2.42.82.82.83.02.83.74.85.16.15.5-9.1%8.6%1.0%TotalS.&Cent.America14.618.119.618.915.213.514.513.113.924.413.5-44.8%-0.8%2.5%Belgium4.13.12.93.62.41.33.37.36.45.512.4127.8%11.8%2.3%France9.88.36.96.49.110.912.723.219.117.635.199.7%13.6%6.5%Italy7.15.84.55.95.98.38.213.512.59.514.350.0%7.3%2.6%Spain21.415.716.213.713.816.615.022.020.920.428.841.2%3.0%5.3%Türkiye7.65.97.17.57.610.911.412.914.813.915.18.3%7.1%2.8%UnitedKingdom13.99.211.213.710.76.67.217.118.614.925.369.7%6.2%4.7%OtherEuropeanUnion4.43.73.35.26.910.213.423.523.825.639.153.0%24.5%7.2%RestofEurope‡–‡–‡0.1†‡0.10.10.1-27.6%45.0%†TotalEurope68.251.852.156.056.464.871.2119.4116.2107.5170.258.4%9.6%31.4%Egypt–––3.910.78.33.2–––––––Kuwait2.82.33.64.34.74.84.35.15.77.78.410.0%11.7%1.6%UnitedArabEmirates1.41.61.62.94.23.01.01.61.51.70.9-46.0%-4.1%0.2%OtherMiddleEast&Africa–0.50.12.74.85.34.02.71.90.20.1-61.4%–†TotalMiddleEast&Africa4.24.35.313.724.521.412.59.49.19.69.4-1.6%8.5%1.7%China20.125.127.327.036.852.973.584.794.0109.993.2-15.2%16.6%17.2%India18.418.019.120.024.326.030.532.436.633.528.4-15.4%4.4%5.2%Japan119.8120.4121.8115.9113.6113.9113.0105.5101.7101.398.3-3.0%-2.0%18.1%Malaysia–2.02.22.21.52.01.83.33.62.43.857.1%–0.7%Pakistan–––1.54.06.19.411.810.612.29.7-20.6%–1.8%Singapore–1.32.63.03.24.14.55.05.75.05.24.6%–1.0%SouthKorea49.755.351.845.846.351.460.255.655.464.163.9-0.4%2.6%11.8%Taiwan17.117.218.619.620.422.722.922.824.326.727.42.6%4.8%5.1%Thailand1.42.01.93.63.95.26.06.77.59.211.424.3%23.7%2.1%OtherAsiaPacific0.1–––––0.85.76.67.66.7-11.8%54.7%1.2%TotalAsiaPacific226.6241.2245.2238.5253.9284.5322.6333.6346.2372.0347.9-6.5%4.4%64.1%TotalWorld324.9326.8333.6337.1358.3393.3430.4484.2490.0515.7542.45.2%5.3%100.0%Source:statisticsaretakenfromnationalstatisticalagencies,internationalorganisations,andotherproprietarysources.IncludesdatafromGIIGNL,S&PGlobal.GrossLNGtrade.‡Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%.NaturalgasLNGexportsGrowthrateperannumShareBillioncubicmetres2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022US0.80.20.40.74.017.128.647.461.394.7104.310.2%63.3%19.2%Peru5.15.75.75.05.55.54.85.35.03.54.221.8%-1.9%0.8%Trinidad&Tobago18.318.417.616.414.313.516.617.114.39.110.919.7%-5.0%2.0%OtherAmericas0.50.10.2†0.60.30.10.10.50.7‡-94.4%-23.2%†TotalAmericas24.724.323.922.124.536.550.169.981.2107.9119.510.7%17.1%22.0%Russia14.314.513.614.614.615.424.939.141.839.540.21.6%10.9%7.4%Norway4.63.84.65.66.15.46.86.94.30.23.72103.0%-1.9%0.7%OtherEurope3.65.28.45.44.52.55.01.92.73.73.82.4%0.6%0.7%TotalEurope&CIS22.423.526.625.625.323.436.747.948.843.447.79.9%7.9%8.8%Oman11.111.510.610.211.011.413.614.113.214.115.06.1%3.0%2.8%Qatar104.0105.8103.6105.6107.3103.6104.9105.8106.5106.9114.16.7%0.9%21.0%UnitedArabEmirates8.17.98.67.67.77.37.47.77.68.87.6-13.3%-0.6%1.4%Yemen7.19.99.41.9––––––––-100.0%–TotalMiddleEast130.3135.2132.2125.4126.0122.3125.9127.5127.3129.7136.65.3%0.5%25.2%Algeria14.915.017.416.615.516.413.116.814.615.614.4-7.6%-0.4%2.7%Angola–0.40.4–0.95.05.25.86.14.74.1-13.1%–0.7%Egypt6.93.90.4–0.81.22.04.71.89.08.9-0.8%2.7%1.6%Nigeria27.922.526.126.924.628.327.828.828.423.419.6-16.1%-3.5%3.6%OtherAfrica4.65.25.05.04.44.85.45.65.15.47.028.8%4.3%1.3%TotalAfrica54.247.049.548.546.255.753.561.656.058.053.9-7.0%-0.1%9.9%Australia28.330.532.039.960.476.691.8104.7106.0108.5112.33.5%14.8%20.7%Brunei9.29.58.68.78.69.18.58.88.47.56.4-14.8%-3.5%1.2%Indonesia24.423.121.721.622.421.720.816.516.814.615.55.6%-4.5%2.8%Malaysia31.433.634.034.333.636.133.035.232.533.537.411.8%1.8%6.9%PapuaNewGuinea––5.010.110.911.19.511.611.511.511.4-1.2%–2.1%OtherAsiaPacific–0.10.20.80.50.80.60.51.41.01.772.4%–0.3%TotalAsiaPacific93.396.8101.5115.5136.4155.4164.3177.2176.8176.6184.74.5%7.1%34.0%TotalLNGexports324.9326.8333.6337.1358.3393.3430.4484.2490.0515.7542.45.2%5.3%100.0%Source:IncludesGIIGNL,IHS.GrossLNGtrade.Largelyconsistsofre-exports.‡Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202337NaturalgasMajortrademovements2022–LNGNaturalgasTrademovements2022asLNGFromBillioncubicmetresCanada†0.1––––––––––––––––––––0.1Mexico0.1–––––––––––––––––0.4–––0.6US––0.6†––––––––––––––––––0.7NorthAmerica0.10.10.6†––––––––––––––0.4–––1.3Argentina1.8–0.1–0.1–––0.1––0.1–––0.2––––––2.3Brazil1.9––––0.1––0.1–––––0.10.1––––––2.3Chile0.8–1.1––––––––––––1.20.3–––––3.3OtherS.&Cent.America1.9–2.8†–0.2–0.2––––––0.4–––––––5.5S.&Cent.America6.5–3.9†0.10.3–0.20.2––0.1––0.51.50.3–––––13.5Belgium2.3–––0.10.12.9–6.8––0.1–0.1––––––––12.4France15.50.10.4–1.30.17.4–2.2––4.81.00.81.30.2––––––35.1Italy3.1–0.3–0.10.9–0.17.1––1.5–0.60.20.4––––––14.3Spain11.60.21.2–0.1†5.00.51.4––0.40.31.45.70.9†–††–0.128.8Türkiye5.3–0.4––0.20.30.10.1––5.40.12.20.80.1––0.1–––15.1UnitedKingdom12.42.20.2–0.20.10.5†8.0––0.60.60.10.5–––––––25.3OtherEuropeanUnion21.8–1.7–1.80.93.4–2.5––0.70.91.43.50.7––––––39.1RestofEurope–––––0.1†–––––––––––––––0.1Europe72.12.44.1–3.72.419.60.828.0––13.42.96.512.02.2†–0.1†–0.1170.2Egypt–––––––––––––––––––––––Kuwait1.5–0.4––0.2–0.23.90.4–0.1–0.21.5–––––––8.4UnitedArabEmirates––––––––0.9–––––––––––––0.9OtherMiddleEast&Africa–––––––––––––0.1––––––––0.1MiddleEast&Africa1.5–0.4––0.2–0.24.80.4–0.1–0.31.5–––––––9.4China2.60.30.6––0.26.10.924.80.3–0.1–0.40.61.535.00.55.110.23.20.893.2India3.3–0.2––0.40.61.314.73.8–0.30.90.21.30.70.6–0.10.1––28.4Japan5.60.30.1–––9.23.43.91.8–0.2–0.21.30.241.94.43.516.35.40.498.3Malaysia––––––––––––––––2.81.0––––3.8Pakistan0.1–––––––8.60.2–0.10.10.10.4––––0.1––9.7Singapore0.6–0.1––†0.1–0.5–––0.10.1†0.13.4–0.10.1––5.2SouthKorea7.80.90.2––0.22.76.913.40.6–0.1–0.70.80.415.90.34.47.50.80.463.9Taiwan2.90.2––––1.50.57.20.3––––0.40.210.10.11.50.81.8–27.4Thailand0.7–0.7––0.10.10.93.20.2––0.10.20.50.11.90.30.12.2†–11.4OtherAsiaPacific0.4–––––0.3–4.8––0.1–0.10.40.10.4–0.10.1––6.7AsiaPacific24.11.71.9––0.920.613.881.17.1–0.81.22.25.63.2112.06.414.937.411.41.6347.9Totalexports104.34.210.9†3.73.840.215.0114.17.6–14.44.18.919.67.0112.36.415.537.411.41.7542.4Source:IncludesdatafromGIIGNL,IHS.Includesre-exports.†Lessthan0.05.Note:Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15ºCand1013mbar)andhasbeenstandardisedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3.USPeruTrinidad&TobagoOtherAmericasNorwayOtherEuropeRussianFederationOmanQatarUnitedArabEmiratesYemenAlgeriaAngolaEgyptNigeriaOtherAfricaAustraliaBruneiIndonesiaMalaysiaPapuaNewGuineaOtherAsiaPacificTotalimportsMiddleEastS.&Cent.AmericaSpainFranceOtherEuropeMiddleEast&AfricaBelgiumItalyUnitedKingdomJapanIndiaSouthKoreaChinaOtherAsiaPacificAustraliaUSNorthAmericaOtherAsiaPacificAfricaRussianFederationS&Cent.AmericaNorwayIn2022,internationaltradeofnaturalgasasliquifiednaturalgas(LNG)represented56%ofallinter-regionaltradedgas.Atatotalof542Bcm,itwasup5%onthepreviousyear.TheMiddleEastwasthelargestexporterofLNGand,togetherwithAustraliaandtheUS,represented65%oftotalLNGexports.At98Bcm,JapanwasthelargestimporterofLNG.AlongwithChina,itaccountedfor35%oftotalglobalimports.Asaregion,AsiaPacificimportedaround65%oftotalLNG,followedbyEuropeatjustover30%.ExportsImportsBacktocontents38EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023NaturalgasMajortrademovements2022–pipelineNaturalgasTrademovements2022bypipelineFromBillioncubicmetresCanada––26.2–––––––––––––––––––26.2Mexico––56.5–––––––––––––––––––56.5US82.1‡––––––––––––––––––––82.1NorthAmerica82.1‡82.7–––––––––––––––––––164.8Argentina–––3.7––––––––––––––––––3.7Brazil–––6.1––––––––––––––––––6.1OtherS.&Cent.America––––1.9–––––––––––––––––1.9S.&Cent.America–––9.81.9–––––––––––––––––11.7EuropeanUnion–––––13.986.391.411.5–61.5–––––31.52.5––––298.6RestofEurope–––––0.330.55.310.9–23.9––9.1––––––––79.9Europe–––––14.2116.896.722.4–85.4––9.1––31.52.5––––378.5Belarus––––––––––18.5–––––––––––18.5Kazakhstan––––––––––2.00.3––––––––––2.4RussianFederation–––––––––3.4–4.7––––––––––8.1OtherCIS–––––––‡––4.82.8‡0.4––––––––8.0CIS–––––––‡–3.425.37.8‡0.4––––––––37.0UnitedArabEmirates––––––––––––––18.5–––––––18.5OtherMiddleEast––––––––0.2––––9.41.62.8––0.9–––14.8MiddleEast––––––––0.2––––9.420.12.8––0.9–––33.4SouthAfrica––––––––––––––––––3.6–––3.6OtherAfrica–––––––0.2–––––––6.14.0–1.0–––11.2Africa–––––––0.2–––––––6.14.0–4.6–––14.8Australia–––––––––––––––––––––4.84.8China–––––––––4.414.732.92.5–––––––4.0–58.4Malaysia–––––––––––––––––––0.2––0.2Singapore–––––––––––––––––––6.0–2.28.2Thailand––––––––––––––––––––6.6–6.6AsiaPacific–––––––––4.414.732.92.5––––––6.310.66.978.2Totalexports82.1†82.79.81.914.2116.896.922.57.8125.340.72.518.920.18.835.52.55.56.310.66.9718.4Source:IncludesdatafromFGEMENAgasservice,IHS.Note:Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar)andhasbeenstandardisedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3.CanadaMexicoUSBoliviaOtherS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeanUnionNorwayOtherEurope1AzerbaijanKazakhstanRussianFederationTurkmenistanUzbekistanIranQatarOtherMiddleEastAlgeriaLibyaOtherAfricaIndonesiaMyanmarOtherAsiaPacificTotalimportsCanadaUSUSCanadaMexicoNorwayOtherEuropeRussianFederationChinaCISOtherCISMiddleEastRussianFederationMiddleEastAfricaAfricaAsiaPacificOtherAsiaPacificUnlikeLNGtradethatgrewin2022,internationaltradeofnaturalgasviapipelinesdeclinedbyaround15%,falling78Bcmcomparedto2021.Overthepast10yearsRussiahas,onaverage,beenresponsibleforaround43%oftotalglobalgasexportsviapipelines.In2022,itsshareoftotalglobalpipelineexportsfellto29%,adropofaround76Bcm.Despitethis,itstillrankedhighestat25%oftotalglobalexports,followedbyNorwayat23%.ExportsImportsBacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202339CoalProductionGrowthrateperannumShareMilliontonnes2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada67.368.468.362.462.460.655.053.246.147.645.1-5.3%-3.9%0.6%Mexico15.214.614.912.311.412.911.99.87.75.55.50.1%-9.6%0.1%US922.1893.4907.2813.7660.8702.7686.0640.8485.7523.8539.43.0%-5.2%6.4%TotalNorthAmerica1004.6976.5990.4888.3734.5776.2752.9703.7539.6577.0590.02.3%-5.2%7.1%Brazil8.29.59.48.07.55.86.45.87.18.07.5-6.8%-0.9%0.1%Colombia89.886.089.486.591.291.386.485.453.659.057.5-2.5%-4.3%0.7%Venezuela1.91.20.80.80.70.70.70.40.30.20.2-12.0%-20.3%†OtherS.&Cent.America1.03.24.53.42.81.81.61.10.40.20.332.0%-12.9%†TotalS.&Cent.America100.999.9104.098.8102.299.795.192.861.467.465.4-3.0%-4.2%0.8%Bulgaria33.428.631.335.931.334.330.628.322.628.435.625.2%0.7%0.3%CzechRepublic55.249.147.146.545.544.943.841.031.631.535.211.7%-4.4%0.4%Germany196.2190.6185.8184.3175.4175.1168.8131.3107.4126.3132.54.9%-3.8%1.5%Greece63.053.950.846.232.637.736.527.414.112.414.013.3%-13.9%0.2%Hungary9.39.69.69.39.28.07.96.86.15.04.9-1.2%-6.1%0.1%Poland144.1142.9137.1135.8131.0127.1122.4112.4100.7107.6107.5-0.2%-2.9%1.3%Romania33.924.723.625.523.025.823.721.715.017.718.22.4%-6.0%0.2%Serbia38.240.329.837.838.539.837.638.939.736.435.1-3.5%-0.8%0.4%Spain6.24.43.93.11.73.02.40.10.10.10.1–-34.4%†Türkiye71.560.465.258.473.074.183.987.174.786.596.111.1%3.0%1.1%Ukraine66.264.945.730.432.224.726.826.124.424.916.5-33.7%-12.9%0.3%UnitedKingdom17.012.811.68.64.23.02.82.61.71.10.7-38.2%-27.8%†OtherEurope65.670.767.264.561.765.192.256.850.247.649.54.1%-2.7%0.6%TotalEurope799.6752.8708.8686.3659.4662.6679.4580.5488.3525.5545.93.9%-3.7%6.4%Kazakhstan120.5119.6114.0107.3103.1112.3118.5115.0113.4116.2118.01.5%-0.2%1.4%RussianFederation358.3355.2357.4372.5386.6411.0441.3440.7399.8434.1439.01.1%2.1%5.3%Uzbekistan3.84.14.43.53.94.04.24.04.15.15.45.9%3.6%0.1%OtherCIS4.34.24.14.04.65.77.77.96.26.68.427.4%7.0%0.1%TotalCIS486.8483.1479.9487.3498.1533.0571.6567.6523.5561.9570.71.6%1.6%6.9%TotalMiddleEast1.51.51.51.61.81.82.22.02.12.24.498.2%11.7%†SouthAfrica258.6256.3261.4252.2249.7252.3250.0254.4246.2229.8225.9-1.7%-1.3%2.8%Zimbabwe1.63.15.84.32.72.93.32.62.73.23.921.7%9.5%†OtherAfrica7.18.39.49.79.215.920.014.612.315.721.235.3%11.6%0.2%TotalAfrica267.3267.7276.6266.2261.6271.2273.4271.7261.2248.7251.11.0%-0.6%3.0%Australia448.2472.8505.3503.7502.1487.2502.2505.6470.0460.3443.4-3.7%-0.1%5.6%China3945.13974.33873.93746.53410.63523.63697.73846.33901.64125.84560.010.5%1.5%50.6%India605.6608.5646.2674.2689.8711.7760.4753.9760.2812.3910.912.1%4.2%10.0%Indonesia386.1474.4458.1461.6456.2461.2557.8616.2563.7614.0687.412.0%6.0%7.5%Japan1.31.21.31.21.31.41.00.80.80.70.73.3%-6.2%†Mongolia31.133.324.424.135.149.554.657.143.132.339.321.7%2.4%0.4%NewZealand4.94.64.03.42.92.93.23.02.82.92.6-8.0%-6.0%†Pakistan3.03.03.43.34.14.24.47.19.510.29.9-3.0%12.6%0.1%SouthKorea2.11.81.71.81.71.51.21.11.00.90.8-8.7%-8.9%†Thailand18.118.118.015.217.016.314.914.113.314.213.6-4.1%-2.7%0.2%Vietnam42.141.141.141.738.738.442.446.444.648.349.83.2%1.7%0.6%OtherAsiaPacific39.639.840.444.961.454.252.639.554.154.857.24.3%3.8%0.7%TotalAsiaPacific5527.35673.05617.85521.65221.05352.05692.35891.05864.66176.86775.89.7%2.1%75.7%TotalWorld8188.08254.58179.17950.07478.77696.58066.98109.27740.88159.58803.47.9%0.8%100.0%ofwhich:OECD2150.32111.82147.72016.41842.01871.91854.71737.91426.21491.61507.21.0%-3.5%18.3%Non-OECD6037.66142.76031.35933.55636.75824.66212.26371.36314.66667.97296.29.4%1.9%81.7%EuropeanUnion#575.9543.9527.3521.3481.6492.2473.4397.3318.8348.9368.65.6%-4.3%4.3%Commercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.IncludescoalproducedforCoal-to-LiquidsandCoal-to-Gastransformations.^Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingmilliontonnesfigures.Backtocontents40EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023CoalProductionGrowthrateperannumShareExajoules2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada1.491.531.511.361.371.331.221.201.151.211.18-2.7%-2.3%0.7%Mexico0.310.300.300.290.250.310.280.230.190.140.140.1%-7.8%0.1%US20.7220.0520.3317.9914.7015.6615.4014.2910.7311.6212.073.9%-5.2%6.9%TotalNorthAmerica22.5321.8722.1519.6416.3317.3016.9015.7212.0712.9713.393.2%-5.0%7.7%Brazil0.120.150.150.120.110.090.100.090.100.120.11-11.3%-1.2%0.1%Colombia2.582.472.572.492.622.632.482.461.541.701.65-2.5%-4.3%0.9%Venezuela0.060.040.020.020.020.020.020.010.010.01^-12.0%-22.5%†OtherS.&Cent.America0.020.070.120.100.080.050.050.030.010.010.0130.6%-9.8%†TotalS.&Cent.America2.782.732.872.732.842.792.652.591.661.831.77-3.0%-4.4%1.0%Bulgaria0.230.200.210.250.210.240.220.200.160.200.2524.5%0.6%0.1%CzechRepublic0.850.740.710.710.670.640.620.560.430.440.489.3%-5.5%0.3%Germany2.001.891.851.791.661.651.581.190.981.151.214.9%-4.9%0.7%Greece0.340.280.270.240.170.190.180.130.070.060.0713.3%-14.7%†Hungary0.070.070.070.060.060.050.050.040.040.030.03-1.2%-7.1%†Poland2.422.392.262.222.182.081.981.871.681.761.70-3.2%-3.4%1.0%Romania0.270.190.190.200.180.190.170.160.110.130.132.4%-6.9%0.1%Serbia0.310.320.240.300.300.300.280.290.300.260.25-3.5%-1.8%0.1%Spain0.100.070.070.050.030.050.04^^^^–-33.3%†Türkiye0.710.650.680.540.650.630.690.730.660.750.8310.9%1.6%0.5%Ukraine1.641.601.090.720.760.570.610.600.530.540.36-33.7%-14.0%0.2%UnitedKingdom0.420.320.290.210.110.080.080.070.050.030.02-38.2%-27.0%†OtherEurope0.600.660.640.590.590.600.780.520.460.440.453.2%-2.8%0.3%TotalEurope9.959.398.577.887.587.287.266.365.475.805.79-0.1%-5.2%3.3%Kazakhstan2.162.152.091.651.531.671.761.701.751.781.811.5%-1.7%1.0%RussianFederation7.057.257.397.808.128.629.239.238.429.259.351.1%2.9%5.4%Uzbekistan0.040.050.050.040.050.050.050.050.050.060.065.9%3.8%†OtherCIS0.050.060.060.070.070.090.120.120.110.110.1422.9%9.6%0.1%TotalCIS9.319.519.609.569.7710.4211.1511.1010.3211.2011.361.4%2.0%6.5%TotalMiddleEast0.030.030.030.030.040.040.050.040.040.040.0525.8%5.2%†SouthAfrica6.146.086.205.966.015.976.016.025.835.445.35-1.7%-1.3%3.1%Zimbabwe0.040.080.160.120.070.080.090.070.070.090.1121.7%9.5%0.1%OtherAfrica0.180.210.240.250.240.410.520.380.310.400.5535.6%11.7%0.3%TotalAfrica6.366.386.596.336.326.476.626.476.225.936.001.2%-0.6%3.4%Australia11.1311.9712.8112.8012.8312.5013.1013.1812.1411.8911.46-3.6%0.3%6.6%China78.4479.3278.0576.5970.8273.1776.8779.7680.5183.4492.2210.5%1.7%52.8%India10.6810.7111.2811.7711.8911.9912.8012.6012.5913.3815.0212.2%3.5%8.6%Indonesia8.5610.4410.1510.199.879.6911.4412.8411.7812.6813.9510.0%5.0%8.0%Japan0.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.023.3%-5.1%†Mongolia0.590.640.470.460.670.941.041.090.820.620.7521.7%2.4%0.4%NewZealand0.130.120.100.090.070.070.080.070.070.070.07-6.4%-6.3%†Pakistan0.060.060.060.060.080.080.080.130.180.190.19-3.0%12.6%0.1%SouthKorea0.040.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.02-8.7%-8.5%†Thailand0.200.200.190.160.180.170.160.150.140.150.14-4.1%-3.3%0.1%Vietnam0.990.960.960.980.910.900.991.091.051.131.173.2%1.7%0.7%OtherAsiaPacific0.960.980.991.061.331.141.060.711.121.151.205.0%2.4%0.7%TotalAsiaPacific111.80115.45115.15114.20108.70110.72117.67121.66120.43124.73136.219.2%2.0%78.0%TotalWorld162.75165.37164.96160.37151.58155.01162.30163.95156.22162.50174.567.4%0.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD43.7143.4044.4141.3237.8538.3238.2036.3629.9831.0931.150.2%-3.3%17.8%Non-OECD119.04121.97120.55119.05113.74116.69124.10127.59126.24131.41143.419.1%1.9%82.2%EuropeanUnion#6.596.225.975.825.475.425.164.423.683.964.072.7%-4.7%2.3%Commercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.IncludescoalproducedforCoal-to-LiquidsandCoal-to-Gastransformations.^Lessthan0.005.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.CoalInter-areamovements2022FromToExajoulesCanadaMexicoUSS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeCISMiddleEastAfricaChinaIndiaJapanSouthKoreaOtherAsiaPacificTotalCanada–^0.040.020.09^^^0.220.050.270.220.070.97US0.130.02–0.240.89^^0.160.120.290.260.130.012.25Colombia0.030.010.100.380.81^0.120.020.010.010.040.050.021.59Europe^^^0.01–^^0.02^0.08^0.010.020.16Russia0.010.010.010.081.480.040.010.141.790.370.310.710.415.36OtherCIS–––0.010.170.44^^^^^^0.020.64SouthAfrica^–^0.010.57^0.040.270.030.390.030.170.241.75OtherAfrica^–^0.020.05–0.010.080.010.170.010.040.010.40Australia^^^0.250.60^^0.020.080.973.211.242.028.39China^0.010.010.030.03^0.010.01–0.020.040.020.140.32Indonesia––^^0.12–^0.012.612.370.650.682.769.19Mongolia––––^^––0.87––^–0.87OtherAsiaPacific^^^0.010.03^^^0.070.230.030.07–0.44RestofWorld^^^0.010.03^0.01^0.020.05^0.010.010.15Totalimports0.170.050.161.074.870.490.220.735.835.014.823.345.7232.47^Lessthan0.05.Notes:Commercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.Intra-areamovements(forexample,betweencountriesinEurope)areexcluded.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202341CoalTrademovementsGrowthrateperannumShareExajoules2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022ImportsCanada0.220.260.220.190.220.230.220.210.170.190.17-10.9%-2.4%0.5%Mexico0.200.220.230.210.340.220.200.240.130.050.054.5%-13.2%0.2%US0.240.280.280.250.190.270.240.170.150.140.1618.2%-3.6%0.5%S.&Cent.America1.061.061.001.061.230.881.061.121.041.291.07-16.8%0.1%3.3%Europe5.856.096.035.405.866.095.855.103.914.434.8710.0%-1.8%15.0%CIS0.560.560.530.480.600.530.560.700.660.640.49-23.6%-1.3%1.5%MiddleEast0.440.490.380.340.370.490.440.320.360.330.22-33.5%-6.8%0.7%Africa0.810.370.440.500.630.310.810.920.530.710.732.8%-1.1%2.2%China7.636.624.695.655.876.717.636.406.616.675.83-12.6%-2.7%18.0%India3.664.654.926.465.253.093.664.704.794.695.016.7%3.2%15.4%Japan5.065.005.055.015.064.875.064.904.564.844.82-0.5%-0.5%14.8%SouthKorea3.323.433.543.533.893.303.323.733.283.353.34-0.3%0.1%10.3%OtherAsiaPacific3.612.733.964.605.003.653.615.266.396.335.72-9.7%4.7%17.6%TotalWorld32.6531.7631.2733.6934.5030.6132.6533.7832.5933.6532.47-3.5%-0.1%100.0%ExportsCanada0.991.131.000.860.940.991.131.020.950.970.970.7%-0.1%3.0%US3.022.882.381.892.393.022.882.211.742.182.252.9%-2.9%6.9%Colombia2.252.052.272.192.482.252.052.081.821.691.59-5.7%-3.4%4.9%Europe0.200.680.130.100.190.200.680.240.220.250.16-35.0%-2.0%0.5%Russia3.233.553.784.115.093.233.555.795.676.095.36-12.1%5.2%16.5%OtherCIS0.500.510.510.480.510.500.510.550.600.600.647.6%2.5%2.0%SouthAfrica2.222.102.182.302.712.222.101.421.761.691.753.6%-2.4%5.4%OtherAfrica0.130.110.180.260.660.130.110.280.280.320.4024.6%12.0%1.2%Australia7.969.199.129.959.707.969.199.639.359.658.39-13.0%0.5%25.8%China0.280.280.360.450.420.280.280.340.180.280.3212.8%1.3%1.0%Indonesia8.168.578.427.488.088.168.578.508.799.009.192.1%1.2%28.3%Mongolia0.630.490.530.410.950.630.491.040.830.490.8776.9%3.3%2.7%OtherAsiaPacific0.900.920.770.650.320.900.920.600.340.370.4418.2%-6.9%1.4%RestofWorld0.150.190.140.140.060.150.190.070.060.080.1581.2%0.1%0.5%TotalWorld30.6132.6531.7631.2734.5030.6132.6533.7832.5933.6532.47-3.5%0.6%100.0%^Lessthan0.005.†Lessthan0.05.Notes:Commercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.Intra-areamovements(forexamplebetweencountriesinEurope)areexcluded.AfricaEuropeJapanSouthKoreaIndiaChinaOtherAsiaPacificS.&Cent.AmericaCanadaMexicoUSMiddleEastIndonesiaAustraliaRussianFederationUSSouthAfricaColumbiaCanadaMongoliaOtherCISOtherAsiaPacificOtherAfricaNotes:Commercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.Intra-areamovements(forexample,betweencountriesinEurope)areexcluded.Internationalcoaltradefellbynearly4%in2022,itslowestlevelsince2017.TogetherIndonesia,Australia,andRussiawereresponsibleforjustover71%oftotalglobalexports.Withinthis,Russia’scoalexportsfellby12%relativeto2022.Chinawasthelargestimporterofcoalatnearly6EJand,whilstitsimportsfromIndonesiafellby0.5EJ,itincreaseditsimportsfromRussiaandMongoliaby1.5EJand0.5EJrespectively.WhilstAsiaPacificaccountedfor74%ofglobalcoalimports,Europewasthesecondlargestregionseeingitscoalimportsincreaseby10%over2021.CoalTrademovementsExportsImportsBacktocontents42EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023CoalConsumptionGrowthrateperannumShareExajoules2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada0.880.860.820.820.770.800.650.610.530.500.39-22.4%-7.9%0.2%Mexico0.540.530.530.530.520.640.570.540.240.200.2526.6%-7.3%0.2%US17.4218.0818.0415.5814.2613.8713.2811.349.2010.579.87-6.7%-5.5%6.1%TotalNorthAmerica18.8419.4819.3916.9415.5515.3014.5012.509.9811.2710.51-6.8%-5.6%6.5%Argentina0.050.050.060.060.040.050.050.030.040.050.052.5%0.5%†Brazil0.640.690.730.740.670.700.690.650.590.710.59-17.8%-0.9%0.4%Chile0.280.320.320.310.310.320.310.310.260.290.22-24.6%-2.4%0.1%Colombia0.200.210.220.210.230.170.160.190.170.110.10-9.4%-6.3%0.1%Ecuador^^^^^^^^^^^45.5%19.9%†Peru0.040.040.040.030.040.030.030.030.020.020.0336.1%-2.2%†Trinidad&Tobago––––––––––––––Venezuela0.010.010.010.010.01^^^^^^-12.0%-16.2%†CentralAmerica0.030.040.040.050.060.040.050.070.060.070.05-34.1%4.4%†OtherCaribbean0.070.080.090.080.080.070.080.110.150.140.14-0.1%7.4%0.1%OtherSouthAmerica^^^^^^^^^^^26.2%10.8%†TotalS.&Cent.America1.311.441.511.481.431.401.371.391.291.411.19-15.9%-1.0%0.7%Austria0.140.140.130.140.130.130.120.120.100.110.10-5.5%-2.8%0.1%Belgium0.140.150.140.140.130.130.130.130.100.110.123.4%-1.8%0.1%Bulgaria0.290.250.270.270.240.260.230.210.170.220.2619.4%-1.0%0.2%Croatia0.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.02-1.0%-4.2%†Cyprus^^^^^^^^^^^-20.7%63.5%†CzechRepublic0.740.710.690.680.690.670.670.600.520.540.598.5%-2.3%0.4%Denmark0.110.140.110.080.090.070.070.040.030.040.04-3.3%-8.6%†Estonia0.160.170.170.150.160.180.180.130.100.110.127.1%-2.4%0.1%Finland0.190.210.190.160.180.170.180.150.110.120.12-0.1%-4.2%0.1%France0.460.480.360.360.350.380.340.270.190.230.21-6.1%-7.4%0.1%Germany3.373.473.333.293.203.012.902.251.852.242.334.1%-3.6%1.4%Greece0.340.290.280.240.180.200.200.130.080.070.070.5%-14.4%†Hungary0.110.100.090.100.090.090.090.080.070.060.05-13.4%-7.5%†Iceland^^^^^^^^––––-100.0%–Ireland0.090.090.080.090.090.080.060.040.040.050.04-14.0%-7.7%†Italy0.660.570.550.520.460.400.370.280.210.230.3130.1%-7.4%0.2%Latvia^^^^^^^^^^^8.6%-13.9%†Lithuania0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.013.5%-1.9%†Luxembourg^^^^^^^^^^^5.1%-1.9%†Netherlands0.340.340.380.460.430.390.350.270.170.230.23-0.8%-3.8%0.1%NorthMacedonia0.060.050.050.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.0317.2%-6.4%†Norway0.030.030.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.03-4.6%-0.2%†Poland2.142.232.072.042.072.082.091.861.721.901.81-5.2%-1.7%1.1%Portugal0.120.110.110.140.120.140.110.050.020.01^-95.4%-43.9%†Romania0.320.250.240.250.220.230.210.210.150.170.17-2.7%-6.3%0.1%Slovakia0.140.140.140.140.130.140.140.110.100.120.11-10.4%-3.0%0.1%Slovenia0.060.060.040.040.050.050.050.040.040.040.03-23.1%-6.4%†Spain0.650.480.490.570.440.560.480.210.120.130.1731.3%-12.6%0.1%Sweden0.090.090.080.080.080.080.080.080.070.070.076.2%-1.8%†Switzerland0.010.010.010.01^^^^^^^–-3.3%†Türkiye1.531.321.511.451.611.651.711.761.701.741.750.5%1.4%1.1%Ukraine1.791.731.491.141.361.081.171.090.960.950.52-45.6%-11.6%0.3%UnitedKingdom1.621.571.261.000.510.410.350.250.230.240.21-10.8%-18.4%0.1%OtherEurope0.590.610.500.580.600.590.590.570.590.560.55-1.3%-0.7%0.3%TotalEurope16.3315.8214.8614.2413.7413.2812.9611.059.5510.3910.07-3.1%-4.7%6.2%Azerbaijan^^^^^^^^^^^–-28.2%†Belarus0.030.040.030.030.030.040.050.060.040.040.048.3%1.6%†Kazakhstan1.581.571.551.141.341.471.521.441.371.401.442.2%-1.0%0.9%RussianFederation4.123.793.673.863.743.513.633.573.293.433.19-6.8%-2.5%2.0%Turkmenistan––––––––––––––Uzbekistan0.050.070.070.050.060.060.090.080.100.090.1011.1%8.0%0.1%OtherCIS0.050.060.070.080.080.090.090.090.090.100.103.6%6.4%0.1%TotalCIS5.845.525.395.175.255.165.385.234.885.054.87-3.6%-1.8%3.0%Iran0.040.030.040.050.040.040.060.070.080.070.088.0%7.1%†Iraq––––––––––––––Israel0.370.300.280.270.230.210.200.210.180.160.16-1.2%-8.2%0.1%Kuwait^0.010.010.010.010.010.010.01^^^66.4%5.2%†Oman^^^^^^^^^^^–10.6%†Qatar^^^^^^^^^^^302.0%8.1%†SaudiArabia^^0.01^^^^^^^^–3.6%†UnitedArabEmirates0.060.070.080.070.080.090.080.070.090.100.103.8%5.9%0.1%OtherMiddleEast0.020.020.030.020.020.020.020.010.010.020.0225.4%-0.3%†TotalMiddleEast0.500.440.440.420.380.380.370.380.370.360.373.9%-2.8%0.2%Algeria0.010.010.010.01^0.010.020.020.010.010.01-51.8%-7.8%†Egypt0.020.020.020.030.050.050.090.080.030.050.051.1%12.2%†Morocco0.130.130.170.190.180.190.220.280.280.310.28-9.1%8.3%0.2%SouthAfrica3.703.703.753.523.783.723.533.763.663.513.31-5.6%-1.1%2.1%EasternAfrica0.110.160.240.210.160.200.220.190.180.190.218.6%7.1%0.1%MiddleAfrica^^^^^0.010.010.010.010.010.018.6%16.3%†WesternAfrica0.010.010.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03-5.2%7.4%†OtherNorthernAfrica^–––––^^^^^–-13.6%†OtherSouthernAfrica0.050.050.060.060.060.070.070.060.050.060.0818.6%3.7%†TotalAfrica4.034.074.264.034.274.274.194.434.244.183.97-4.8%-0.1%2.5%Australia2.001.891.881.951.941.881.831.751.681.631.55-4.8%-2.5%1.0%Bangladesh0.040.050.030.110.080.090.100.170.190.150.1818.0%16.7%0.1%China80.7282.4582.1080.3878.0378.9080.4782.5284.2587.5488.411.0%0.9%54.8%ChinaHongKongSAR0.310.330.340.280.280.260.270.260.140.150.15-1.6%-6.8%0.1%India13.6414.4415.8416.1716.5217.0517.9317.9616.9719.3020.094.1%4.0%12.4%Indonesia1.821.591.691.921.962.042.362.882.762.754.3859.4%9.2%2.7%Japan4.885.074.995.035.025.104.994.914.574.934.92-0.3%0.1%3.0%Malaysia0.660.630.640.730.780.870.930.881.040.940.94-0.7%3.5%0.6%NewZealand0.070.060.060.060.050.050.060.060.060.070.05-30.8%-4.5%†Pakistan0.170.130.200.200.220.300.500.560.650.720.64-11.8%14.2%0.4%Philippines0.340.420.450.490.550.650.680.730.730.790.845.9%9.5%0.5%Singapore^0.010.020.020.020.040.020.020.020.020.02-10.8%32.5%†SouthKorea3.383.413.533.583.413.613.633.443.023.042.87-5.3%-1.6%1.8%SriLanka0.020.020.040.050.050.060.050.060.070.070.06-9.7%12.4%†Taiwan1.651.681.701.651.671.701.701.671.561.681.58-5.7%-0.4%1.0%Thailand0.690.680.750.730.750.750.800.710.760.780.71-9.1%0.3%0.4%Vietnam0.670.720.871.101.191.191.582.092.202.162.05-5.0%11.8%1.3%OtherAsiaPacific0.580.450.520.500.620.960.961.061.041.071.06-1.0%6.2%0.7%TotalAsiaPacific111.63114.04115.64114.93113.16115.48118.88121.75121.73127.78130.502.1%1.6%80.8%TotalWorld158.48160.81161.49157.21153.77155.27157.66156.72152.04160.43161.470.6%0.2%100.0%ofwhich:OECD43.2743.6542.9540.2638.0037.7236.3932.2727.5829.9428.90-3.5%-3.9%17.9%Non-OECD115.21117.16118.54116.95115.77117.55121.27124.45124.46130.49132.581.6%1.4%82.1%EuropeanUnion#10.7010.5010.009.989.589.469.067.306.026.846.982.0%-4.2%4.3%Commercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.Excludescoalconvertedtoliquidorgaseousfuels,butincludescoalconsumedintransformationprocesses.^Lessthan0.005.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Differencesbetweentheseconsumptionfiguresandtheworldproductionstatisticsareaccountedforbystockchanges,andunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofcoalsupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandshareoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202343NuclearenergyConsumptionGrowthrateperannumShareExajoules(input-equivalent)2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada0.890.9710.940.930.920.910.920.880.830.78-6.2%-1.3%3.2%Mexico0.080.110.090.110.10.10.120.10.10.110.1-9.3%1.6%0.4%US7.677.827.857.817.847.797.767.767.547.427.31-1.4%-0.5%30.3%TotalNorthAmerica8.658.98.948.858.878.818.88.788.538.368.19-2.0%-0.5%34.0%Argentina0.060.060.050.070.080.060.060.080.090.090.07-26.8%1.0%0.3%Brazil0.150.150.140.140.150.140.140.150.130.130.13-1.4%-1.5%0.5%Chile–––––––––––––†Colombia–––––––––––––†Ecuador–––––––––––––†Peru–––––––––––––†Trinidad&Tobago–––––––––––––†Venezuela–––––––––––––†CentralAmerica–––––––––––––†OtherCaribbean–––––––––––––†OtherSouthAmerica–––––––––––––†TotalS.&Cent.America0.210.20.20.20.220.20.210.220.220.220.2-11.8%-0.7%0.8%Austria–––––––––––––†Belgium0.380.40.320.240.40.390.260.40.310.450.39-13.4%0.3%1.6%Bulgaria0.150.130.150.140.150.140.150.150.150.150.15-0.6%-0.1%0.6%Croatia–––––––––––––†Cyprus–––––––––––––†CzechRepublic0.290.290.280.250.220.260.270.280.270.280.280.6%-0.3%1.2%Denmark–––––––––––––†Estonia–––––––––––––†Finland0.220.220.220.220.210.210.210.220.210.210.236.6%0.4%0.9%France4.033.994.084.073.733.663.773.633.213.432.65-22.6%-4.1%11.0%Germany0.940.920.910.850.780.70.690.680.580.620.31-50.0%-10.4%1.3%Greece–––––––––––––†Hungary0.150.140.150.150.150.150.140.150.150.140.14-1.5%-0.5%0.6%Iceland–––––––––––––†Ireland–––––––––––––†Italy–––––––––––––†Latvia–––––––––––––†Lithuania–––––––––––––†Luxembourg–––––––––––––†Netherlands0.040.030.040.040.040.030.030.040.04^^8.2%0.1%0.2%NorthMacedonia–––––––––––––†Norway–––––––––––––†Poland–––––––––––––†Portugal–––––––––––––†Romania0.110.110.110.110.10.110.10.10.10.10.1-2.1%-0.8%0.4%Slovakia0.150.150.150.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.7%-0.2%0.6%Slovenia0.050.050.060.050.050.060.050.050.060.050.05-2.1%-0.4%0.2%Spain0.580.530.540.530.540.530.510.530.530.510.533.2%-1.0%2.2%Sweden0.610.630.610.520.580.60.630.60.450.480.46-3.0%-2.6%1.9%Switzerland0.240.250.260.220.20.190.220.230.210.170.2124.3%-1.5%0.9%Türkiye–––––––––––––†Ukraine0.850.780.830.820.750.790.770.760.690.780.56-28.3%-4.1%2.3%UnitedKingdom0.670.660.60.650.660.650.590.510.460.410.433.6%-4.3%1.8%OtherEurope–––––––––––––†TotalEurope9.459.299.299.018.718.68.558.477.567.986.68-16.3%-3.4%27.7%Azerbaijan–––––––––––––†Belarus––––––––^0.05^-19.2%–0.2%Kazakhstan–––––––––––––†RussianFederation1.681.621.691.821.821.871.871.91.962.012.010.2%1.8%8.4%Turkmenistan–––––––––––––†Uzbekistan–––––––––––––†OtherCIS0.020.020.020.030.020.020.020.020.03^^41.9%1.6%0.1%TotalCIS1.71.651.711.841.841.891.891.921.992.082.080.1%2.0%8.6%Iran0.010.040.040.030.060.060.060.060.06^0.0685.0%15.7%0.2%Iraq–––––––––––––†Israel–––––––––––––†Kuwait–––––––––––––†Oman–––––––––––––†Qatar–––––––––––––†SaudiArabia–––––––––––––†UnitedArabEmirates––––––––0.010.10.1889.9%–0.8%OtherMiddleEast–––––––––––––†TotalMiddleEast0.010.040.040.030.060.060.060.060.070.130.2488.7%33.1%1.0%Algeria–––––––––––––†Egypt–––––––––––––†Morocco–––––––––––––†SouthAfrica0.120.130.130.110.140.130.110.120.090.110.09-18.5%-3.0%0.4%EasternAfrica-------------†MiddleAfrica–––––––––––––†WesternAfrica–––––––––––––†OtherNorthernAfrica–––––––––––––†OtherSouthernAfrica–––––––––––––†TotalAfrica0.120.130.130.110.140.130.110.120.090.110.09-18.5%-3.0%0.4%Australia–––––––––––––†Bangladesh–––––––––––––†China0.931.051.251.591.972.282.73.183.323.683.762.2%15.0%15.6%ChinaHongKongSAR–––––––––––––†India0.310.310.320.360.350.340.360.410.40.40.424.8%2.9%1.7%Indonesia–––––––––––––†Japan0.170.14-0.040.160.270.450.60.390.550.47-15.7%10.6%1.9%Malaysia–––––––––––––†NewZealand–––––––––––––†Pakistan0.030.040.040.040.050.070.080.080.090.140.241.5%22.8%0.8%Philippines–––––––––––––†Singapore–––––––––––––†SouthKorea1.421.311.461.531.51.361.221.331.451.431.5911.0%1.1%6.6%SriLanka–––––––––––––†Taiwan0.380.390.40.340.290.210.250.290.290.250.21-14.8%-5.7%0.9%Thailand–––––––––––––†Vietnam–––––––––––––†OtherAsiaPacific–––––––––––––†TotalAsiaPacific3.253.243.483.94.334.545.065.895.946.466.652.9%7.4%27.5%TotalWorld23.423.4523.7823.9624.1724.2424.6825.4624.425.3324.13-4.8%0.3%100.0%ofwhich:OECD18.5818.618.6118.3718.2518.021818.1616.9817.2916.12-6.8%-1.4%66.8%Non-OECD4.824.845.175.595.936.236.687.37.418.058.01-0.4%5.2%33.2%EuropeanUnion#7.697.597.67.327.16.986.966.976.26.615.48-17.1%-3.3%22.7%Basedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.‘Input-equivalent’energyistheamountoffuelthatwouldberequiredbythermalpowerstationstogeneratethereportedelectricityoutput.Detailsonthermalefficiencyassumptionsareavailableintheappendicesanddefinitionspageandathttps://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review.^Lessthan0.005.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Annualchangesandshareoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.Backtocontents44EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023HydroelectricityConsumptionGrowthrateperannumShareExajoules(input-equivalent)2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada3.753.843.733.713.713.783.683.623.653.613.73.7%†9.2%Mexico0.310.270.380.30.30.310.310.220.250.330.32.1%0.6%0.8%US2.72.622.492.392.542.842.762.712.672.352.43.5%-1.1%6.0%TotalNorthAmerica6.776.736.66.396.556.936.746.566.586.286.53.5%-0.4%16.0%Argentina0.290.320.320.310.290.30.310.260.220.190.221.1%-2.5%0.6%Brazil4.13.843.643.493.673.553.73.783.753.42417.3%-0.2%9.9%Chile0.20.20.220.230.190.20.220.20.210.170.222.7%0.5%0.5%Colombia0.470.440.440.430.450.550.540.520.470.570.66.0%2.5%1.5%Ecuador0.120.110.110.130.150.190.20.230.230.240.2-4.0%6.7%0.6%Peru0.220.220.220.230.230.280.290.30.290.30.3-7.2%2.5%0.7%Trinidad&Tobago–––––––––––––†Venezuela0.810.80.780.720.610.670.620.60.640.640.6-2.2%-2.5%1.5%CentralAmerica0.220.210.210.220.220.260.260.20.250.280.35.6%3.0%0.7%OtherCaribbean0.020.020.020.010.020.030.020.020.020.02^-3.2%-2.5%†OtherSouthAmerica0.680.710.670.650.720.680.670.590.520.480.56.7%-3.0%1.2%TotalS.&Cent.America7.136.876.626.436.556.726.836.76.596.3711.2%-0.2%17.2%Austria0.430.410.40.360.390.370.360.390.40.370.3-8.6%-2.6%0.8%Belgium^^^^^^^^^^^-24.8%-1.7%†Bulgaria0.030.040.040.050.040.030.050.030.030.05^-22.1%1.1%0.1%Croatia0.050.080.090.060.070.050.070.060.050.070.1-24.2%0.6%0.1%Cyprus–––––––––––––†CzechRepublic0.020.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02^-13.4%-0.7%†Denmark^^^^^^^^^^^-10.4%-2.2%†Estonia^^^^^^^^^^^1.5%-6.1%†Finland0.170.130.130.160.150.140.130.120.150.150.1-13.8%-2.6%0.3%France0.580.70.610.530.580.470.610.530.580.550.4-24.3%-3.2%1.0%Germany0.210.230.190.180.20.190.170.190.170.190.2-11.3%-2.6%0.4%Greece0.040.060.040.060.050.040.050.040.030.06^-23.2%-0.2%0.1%Hungary^^^^^^^^^^^-17.2%-2.4%†Iceland0.120.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.120.130.12.3%0.9%0.3%Ireland0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01^-6.0%-1.8%†Italy0.410.520.570.440.410.350.470.440.450.430.3-38.2%-4.4%0.6%Latvia0.040.030.020.020.020.040.020.020.020.03^1.2%-3.4%0.1%Lithuania^0.01^^^0.01^^^^^21.2%0.5%†Luxembourg^^^^^^^^^^^-35.5%-3.9%†Netherlands^^^^^^^^^^^-43.4%-7.5%†NorthMacedonia0.010.020.010.020.020.010.020.010.010.01^-7.7%2.1%†Norway1.41.261.321.331.381.361.321.191.331.351.2-11.3%-1.5%2.9%Poland0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02^-16.2%-0.8%†Portugal0.060.130.150.080.150.060.120.080.110.110.1-45.6%1.0%0.2%Romania0.120.150.180.160.170.140.170.150.150.160.1-20.9%0.9%0.3%Slovakia0.040.050.040.040.040.040.030.040.040.04^-16.5%-1.9%0.1%Slovenia0.040.050.060.040.040.040.040.040.050.04^-33.4%-2.6%0.1%Spain0.20.360.380.270.350.180.330.210.290.280.2-38.7%-1.7%0.4%Sweden0.780.60.620.730.60.620.590.620.680.70.7-5.8%-1.7%1.6%Switzerland0.380.380.370.370.330.330.330.360.350.340.3-19.4%-3.1%0.7%Türkiye0.570.580.40.650.650.560.570.840.740.530.619.7%1.0%1.6%Ukraine0.10.140.080.050.070.090.10.060.070.10.16.1%0.1%0.3%UnitedKingdom0.050.050.060.060.050.060.050.060.060.05^-3.6%-0.5%0.1%OtherEurope0.270.350.320.310.340.280.370.310.280.380.3-16.6%1.5%0.8%TotalEurope6.186.496.286.186.35.626.165.966.256.175.3-13.7%-1.5%13.1%Azerbaijan0.020.010.010.020.020.020.020.010.010.01^24.4%-1.8%†Belarus^^^^^^^^^^^-0.4%16.3%†Kazakhstan0.080.080.080.090.110.110.10.090.090.090.1-0.4%1.4%0.2%RussianFederation1.611.781.691.631.781.771.821.842.012.021.9-8.2%1.4%4.6%Turkmenistan^^^^^^^^^^^-0.4%5.7%†Uzbekistan0.060.060.060.060.070.080.060.060.050.05^5.7%-2.3%0.1%OtherCIS0.330.320.310.290.30.320.340.340.330.330.3-3.0%-0.5%0.8%TotalCIS2.12.252.162.092.272.32.332.362.492.52.3-6.8%1.0%5.7%Iran0.120.140.140.130.150.170.090.320.220.140.1-50.1%-5.5%0.2%Iraq0.040.050.030.020.030.020.020.050.040.03^-1.9%-3.3%0.1%Israel^^^^^^^^^^^-1.7%-3.8%†Kuwait–––––––––––––†Oman–––––––––––––†Qatar–––––––––––––†SaudiArabia–––––––––––––†UnitedArabEmirates–––––––––––––†OtherMiddleEast0.040.040.030.010.010.010.010.020.020.02^-0.1%-10.1%†TotalMiddleEast0.210.230.190.160.190.20.120.390.280.190.1-37.9%-5.8%0.3%Algeria^^^^^^^^^^^722.6%-15.4%†Egypt0.130.130.130.130.130.120.120.130.140.130.1-3.8%0.1%0.3%Morocco0.020.030.020.020.010.010.020.010.010.01^-57.4%-14.7%†SouthAfrica0.010.010.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.02^53.1%11.2%0.1%EasternAfrica0.570.610.640.630.60.620.650.650.690.730.72.6%2.7%1.8%MiddleAfrica0.170.190.20.20.210.240.270.280.310.30.30.9%6.2%0.7%WesternAfrica0.170.170.170.150.150.180.190.210.210.230.26.4%3.3%0.6%OtherNorthernAfrica^^^^^^^^^^^-2.1%-13.3%†OtherSouthernAfrica0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02^-10.1%-5.0%†TotalAfrica1.11.151.211.171.131.21.271.311.41.441.472.5%3.0%3.6%Australia0.170.190.140.140.170.130.160.130.140.150.167.0%-0.5%0.4%Bangladesh0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01^13.2%-0.5%†China8.528.9210.3310.811.1111.1611.4212.0812.512.2512.23-0.1%3.7%30.1%ChinaHongKongSAR–––––––––––––†India1.141.291.361.291.241.31.331.541.551.511.648.7%3.7%4.0%Indonesia0.130.170.150.130.180.180.210.20.230.230.2610.1%7.3%0.6%Japan0.760.780.80.830.770.760.770.70.730.750.7-6.3%-0.8%1.7%Malaysia0.090.120.130.130.190.260.250.250.260.290.314.9%12.8%0.8%NewZealand0.230.230.240.240.250.240.250.240.230.230.258.0%0.9%0.6%Pakistan0.110.310.320.320.330.290.280.340.380.350.33-7.2%12.0%0.8%Philippines0.10.10.090.080.080.090.090.080.070.090.18.0%-0.6%0.2%Singapore–––––––––––––†SouthKorea0.040.040.030.020.030.030.030.030.040.03^15.5%-1.6%0.1%SriLanka0.030.070.040.060.040.040.060.050.050.070.07-1.1%7.5%0.2%Taiwan0.060.050.040.040.060.050.040.050.030.030.0567.6%-0.2%0.1%Thailand0.080.050.050.040.030.040.070.060.040.040.0644.8%-2.9%0.2%Vietnam0.530.570.610.550.620.840.80.630.690.720.925.9%5.5%2.2%OtherAsiaPacific0.470.550.530.50.580.610.670.620.690.790.856.9%6.0%2.1%TotalAsiaPacific12.4613.4414.8615.1915.716.0416.451717.6317.5417.942.3%3.7%44.1%TotalWorld35.9537.1737.9337.6138.693939.9140.2741.2140.440.680.7%1.2%100.0%ofwhich:OECD14.314.3814.0913.8814.0713.9614.1813.814.1313.6613.22-3.3%-0.8%32.5%Non-OECD21.6522.7823.8423.7324.6225.0525.7226.4627.0826.7427.462.7%2.4%67.5%EuropeanUnion#3.263.63.63.253.322.813.263.013.273.272.6-20.6%-2.3%6.4%Basedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.‘Input-equivalent’energyistheamountoffuelthatwouldberequiredbythermalpowerstationstogeneratethereportedelectricityoutput.Detailsonthermalefficiencyassumptionsareavailableintheappendicesanddefinitionspageandathttps://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review.^Lessthan0.005.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Annualchangesandshareoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202345RenewableenergyConsumptionGrowthrateperannumShareExajoules(input-equivalent)2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada0.320.330.340.480.540.550.560.560.570.580.592.2%6.2%1.3%Mexico0.110.120.140.170.180.20.230.330.410.460.45-2.2%15.3%1.0%US3.53.994.34.535.135.65.886.26.657.478.4312.8%9.2%18.7%TotalNorthAmerica3.944.444.785.185.856.356.677.097.648.59.4611.3%9.2%20.9%Argentina0.060.060.070.080.080.090.090.140.160.210.2415.3%15.2%0.5%Brazil0.991.161.341.581.641.761.982.182.22.362.537.2%9.8%5.6%Chile0.070.080.080.10.130.160.190.20.210.250.2918.6%15.0%0.7%Colombia0.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.070.072.4%5.3%0.2%Ecuador^^0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01-3.8%5.5%†Peru0.020.030.030.030.030.040.040.050.050.050.052.7%9.4%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago^^^^^^^^^^^-0.4%1.8%†Venezuela^^^^^^^^^^^-0.3%13.1%†CentralAmerica0.080.090.10.120.130.130.160.170.160.170.17-3.9%7.5%0.4%OtherCaribbean0.030.040.030.040.040.040.040.050.060.060.06-0.3%7.9%0.1%OtherSouthAmerica0.020.030.040.060.070.080.090.10.110.110.1-2.5%16.0%0.2%TotalS.&Cent.America1.331.531.762.072.182.362.662.953.023.283.537.4%10.3%7.8%Austria0.10.110.120.140.140.150.150.160.150.160.176.3%5.1%0.4%Belgium0.120.130.140.160.160.180.190.210.260.250.263.7%7.7%0.6%Bulgaria0.020.030.030.040.040.040.050.050.050.060.079.2%11.1%0.2%Croatia0.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.030.030.040.047.1%22.1%0.1%Cyprus^^^^^^^0.010.010.010.0114.1%11.2%†CzechRepublic0.080.080.090.090.090.10.10.10.10.10.11.5%3.3%0.2%Denmark0.160.170.190.20.20.230.220.240.240.270.296.8%6.1%0.6%Estonia0.020.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.032.9%7.8%0.1%Finland0.140.150.160.170.170.20.220.230.220.260.3223.9%8.7%0.7%France0.360.380.420.480.490.540.590.670.710.720.8111.7%8.4%1.8%Germany1.41.451.591.841.832.082.172.322.452.252.459.0%5.8%5.4%Greece0.060.080.080.090.10.10.110.120.140.160.1812.4%11.4%0.4%Hungary0.030.030.040.040.040.040.050.060.070.080.097.5%9.9%0.2%Iceland0.050.050.050.050.050.050.060.060.050.050.051.8%1.0%0.1%Ireland0.050.050.060.070.070.090.10.110.130.110.1317.0%10.5%0.3%Italy0.580.660.680.70.720.740.720.730.740.720.764.4%2.7%1.7%Latvia0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01-5.4%9.1%†Lithuania0.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.02-12.8%8.8%0.1%Luxembourg^^0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01-1.4%13.3%†Netherlands0.150.140.140.150.160.190.210.260.360.440.5116.5%13.1%1.1%NorthMacedonia^^^^^^^^^^^-5.1%46.8%†Norway0.020.030.030.030.040.050.050.080.110.130.1622.2%20.5%0.4%Poland0.190.190.220.240.230.240.240.280.30.330.3918.2%7.1%0.9%Portugal0.150.170.170.170.180.180.180.190.190.210.210.2%3.2%0.5%Romania0.040.060.070.10.10.110.090.10.110.10.113.0%11.4%0.2%Slovakia0.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.049.3%7.0%0.1%Slovenia0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01-4.9%5.1%†Spain0.750.770.740.720.710.730.750.780.860.981.046.5%3.3%2.3%Sweden0.240.260.270.330.340.370.360.410.450.490.5615.0%8.9%1.2%Switzerland0.020.020.030.030.040.040.050.050.060.060.0720.6%12.3%0.2%Türkiye0.080.110.120.170.240.290.380.430.50.620.6911.6%24.7%1.5%Ukraine0.010.010.020.020.020.020.030.060.090.110.07-35.7%24.6%0.2%UnitedKingdom0.420.550.660.840.840.991.121.221.351.241.3610.1%12.6%3.0%OtherEurope^^^^^0.010.010.020.020.030.037.0%38.5%0.1%TotalEurope5.35.816.236.997.17.898.329.099.910.1211.069.4%7.6%24.5%Azerbaijan-^^^^^^^^^^1.7%–†Belarus^^^^^^^0.010.010.010.0115.5%12.9%†Kazakhstan^^^^^^0.010.010.020.030.0424.7%107.7%0.1%RussianFederation^^0.010.010.010.010.020.020.040.060.0830.5%32.7%0.2%Turkmenistan^^^^^^^^^^^-0.4%21.0%†Uzbekistan––––^^^^^^^267.5%–†OtherCIS^^^^^^^^^^^49.5%55.1%†TotalCIS0.010.010.010.010.020.020.030.040.080.110.1428.7%34.1%0.3%Iran^^^^^^0.010.010.020.020.0212.5%19.9%†Iraq–^^^^^^^^^^11.7%–†Israel0.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.030.040.050.0730.6%30.2%0.2%Kuwait-^^^^^^^^^^-0.4%–†Oman-^^^^^^^^0.010.0164.9%–†Qatar^^^^^^^^^^0.01233.4%46.3%†SaudiArabia^^^^^^^^^0.010.01-0.3%41.0%†UnitedArabEmirates^^^^^0.010.010.030.050.060.0711.0%75.2%0.1%OtherMiddleEast^^^^0.010.020.030.030.050.060.0712.2%76.3%0.1%TotalMiddleEast0.010.010.020.020.040.050.080.120.170.210.2619.8%39.9%0.6%Algeria^^^^^0.010.010.010.010.010.012.3%37.8%†Egypt0.020.020.010.020.030.030.030.060.090.10.1-3.1%18.0%0.2%Morocco0.010.010.020.020.030.030.050.060.060.070.06-2.1%24.4%0.1%SouthAfrica0.010.010.030.060.080.110.110.120.120.150.162.5%34.6%0.3%EasternAfrica0.040.040.060.080.080.080.090.110.10.110.1211.0%12.1%0.3%MiddleAfrica^^^^^^^^^^^270.0%17.0%†WesternAfrica^^^0.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.026.9%19.8%†OtherNorthernAfrica^^0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.018.0%16.2%†OtherSouthernAfrica^^^^^^^0.010.010.010.01-0.7%8.0%†TotalAfrica0.080.090.130.20.230.280.310.380.410.470.493.6%19.5%1.1%Australia0.150.180.20.230.250.260.320.40.480.590.719.4%17.0%1.6%Bangladesh^^^^^^^^^0.010.0111.3%20.6%†China1.491.992.452.93.785.066.377.388.5211.2713.318.1%24.5%29.4%ChinaHongKongSAR^^^^^^^^^^^9.6%15.6%†India0.560.630.710.780.881.051.311.481.581.822.1518.0%14.3%4.8%Indonesia0.120.130.160.130.210.210.40.490.570.630.7417.4%20.2%1.6%Japan0.380.450.560.720.750.911.011.091.21.371.5311.4%15.0%3.4%Malaysia0.020.020.020.030.030.030.040.050.060.080.097.6%14.9%0.2%NewZealand0.090.090.10.110.110.110.10.110.110.110.112.5%2.4%0.3%Pakistan^^0.010.010.020.040.050.040.040.050.0632.1%53.9%0.1%Philippines0.110.110.120.130.150.150.150.150.150.160.176.7%4.2%0.4%Singapore0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.0255.2%9.2%†SouthKorea0.050.070.110.140.160.20.260.310.360.420.5221.3%26.2%1.1%SriLanka^^^^^0.010.010.010.010.010.028.2%23.8%†Taiwan0.040.040.040.050.050.050.060.080.10.120.1631.4%14.8%0.3%Thailand0.10.130.160.180.210.240.280.320.310.320.31-2.9%12.1%0.7%Vietnam^^^^^^0.010.060.110.270.3322.4%76.5%0.7%OtherAsiaPacific0.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.030.033.6%13.7%0.1%TotalAsiaPacific3.133.884.665.446.618.3310.412.0113.6617.2720.2417.2%20.5%44.8%TotalWorld13.7915.7717.5919.9122.0425.2928.4631.6834.8739.9745.1813.0%12.6%100.0%ofwhich:OECD9.9611.071213.3814.2715.7616.7718.1519.7221.1723.5311.1%9.0%52.1%Non-OECD3.834.75.596.537.789.5211.6913.5315.1518.7921.6415.2%18.9%47.9%EuropeanUnion#4.75.035.325.855.886.446.627.177.717.888.639.5%6.3%19.1%Basedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.‘Input-equivalent’energyistheamountoffuelthatwouldberequiredbythermalpowerstationstogeneratethereportedelectricityoutput.Detailsonthermalefficiencyassumptionsareavailableintheappendicesanddefinitionspageandathttps://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review.^Lessthan0.005.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Annualchangesandshareoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfiguresandincorporateadjustmentsforassumedchangesinthermalefficiency.Backtocontents46EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023RenewableenergyRenewablepowergenerationGrowthrateperannumShareExajoules(input-equivalent)2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada0.250.250.260.40.470.460.480.470.490.490.513.5%7.5%1.2%Mexico0.10.110.130.160.180.190.220.320.40.450.44-2.4%15.5%1.1%US2.352.7133.183.664.124.424.75.295.976.8715.0%11.3%16.8%TotalNorthAmerica2.693.083.43.744.34.785.125.56.186.917.8113.0%11.2%19.1%Argentina^^^^^^^0.070.130.170.1911.2%24.8%0.5%Brazil0.460.540.660.780.911.021.121.231.321.481.6611.9%13.6%4.1%Chile0.070.080.080.10.130.160.190.20.210.250.2918.6%15.0%0.7%Colombia^^^^^^^^^^^2.4%8.3%0.1%Ecuador^^^^^^^^^^^-5.1%4.7%†Peru^^^^^^^^^^^2.9%15.7%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago^^^^^^^^^^^-0.4%1.8%†Venezuela^^^^^^^^^^^-0.3%13.1%†CentralAmerica0.080.090.10.120.130.130.150.170.160.170.16-4.0%7.4%0.4%OtherCaribbean^^^^^^^^^0.050.05-1.0%11.0%0.1%OtherSouthAmerica^^^0.050.060.070.080.090.10.10.1-0.5%17.4%0.2%TotalS.&Cent.America0.70.810.961.151.331.491.671.862.032.292.5310.3%13.7%6.2%Austria0.080.090.10.110.120.130.130.140.140.140.157.7%6.4%0.4%Belgium0.110.120.120.150.140.160.170.190.230.220.233.1%7.6%0.6%Bulgaria^^^^^^^^^0.060.062.5%10.9%0.1%Croatia^^^^^^^^^^^7.4%23.8%0.1%Cyprus^^^^^^^^^^^15.4%12.6%†CzechRepublic0.060.070.080.080.080.080.080.090.090.090.092.6%3.5%0.2%Denmark0.150.160.180.190.190.220.210.230.230.260.287.2%6.3%0.7%Estonia^^^^^^^^^^^3.1%7.3%0.1%Finland0.130.150.150.150.160.180.20.210.210.240.2816.8%7.5%0.7%France0.250.270.30.360.370.420.470.540.60.60.6610.2%10.0%1.6%Germany1.271.341.471.731.721.972.052.22.32.122.339.5%6.2%5.7%Greece0.060.080.080.090.090.090.10.120.140.150.1813.7%11.9%0.4%Hungary^^^^^^^^0.050.070.077.8%10.6%0.2%Iceland^^^^^^0.050.050.050.050.051.7%0.8%0.1%Ireland^0.050.060.070.070.080.090.110.120.10.1214.6%10.4%0.3%Italy0.510.610.640.650.670.680.660.70.690.670.715.6%3.3%1.7%Latvia^^^^^^^^^^^-1.8%9.7%†Lithuania^^^^^^^^^^^-13.5%9.5%†Luxembourg^^^^^^^^^^^1.6%15.3%†Netherlands0.130.130.120.140.150.180.190.230.330.40.4717.5%13.4%1.2%NorthMacedonia^^^^^^^^^^^-5.1%51.1%†Norway^^^^^^^0.060.10.120.1425.8%22.4%0.4%Poland0.160.160.190.220.210.220.20.240.250.280.3420.7%7.7%0.8%Portugal0.140.160.160.160.170.170.170.180.180.190.21.5%3.4%0.5%Romania^0.050.060.090.090.090.080.090.090.090.094.9%12.1%0.2%Slovakia^^^^^^^^^^^10.4%7.3%0.1%Slovenia^^^^^^^^^^^7.6%5.7%†Spain0.660.740.70.680.670.680.680.710.80.920.987.0%4.0%2.4%Sweden0.210.230.230.280.280.310.30.340.40.420.4815.3%8.7%1.2%Switzerland^^^^^^^^^0.050.0623.3%11.4%0.2%Türkiye0.070.10.120.160.230.290.370.430.50.610.6911.5%25.1%1.7%Ukraine^^^^^^^0.050.090.110.07-36.2%24.2%0.2%UnitedKingdom0.380.510.610.80.80.951.061.151.291.181.299.2%13.0%3.2%OtherEurope^^^^^^^^^^^7.1%39.2%0.1%TotalEurope4.685.245.636.396.497.237.68.349.149.3310.219.4%8.1%25.0%Azerbaijan-^^^^^^^^^^1.7%-†Belarus^^^^^^^^^^^16.9%20.5%†Kazakhstan^^^^^^^^^^^24.7%107.7%0.1%RussianFederation^^^^^^^^^0.050.0729.4%30.4%0.2%Turkmenistan^^^^^^^^^^^-0.4%21.0%†Uzbekistan––––^^^^^^^267.5%–†OtherCIS^^^^^^^^^^^49.5%55.1%†TotalCIS^^^^^^^^0.070.10.1328.0%35.2%0.3%Iran^^^^^^^^^^^12.5%19.9%†Iraq–^^^^^^^^^^11.7%–†Israel^^^^^^^^^0.050.0731.0%31.0%0.2%Kuwait–^^^^^^^^^^-0.4%–†Oman–^^^^^^^^^^64.9%–†Qatar^^^^^^^^^^^233.4%46.3%†SaudiArabia^^^^^^^^^^^-0.3%41.0%†UnitedArabEmirates^^^^^^^^^0.060.0711.0%75.2%0.2%OtherMiddleEast^^^^^^^^^0.060.0712.2%76.3%0.2%TotalMiddleEast^^^^^^0.070.110.170.210.2519.9%40.5%0.6%Algeria^^^^^^^^^^^2.3%37.8%†Egypt^^^^^^^0.060.090.10.1-3.1%18.0%0.2%Morocco^^^^^^^0.060.060.070.06-2.1%24.4%0.2%SouthAfrica^^^0.060.080.110.110.110.120.150.152.5%38.2%0.4%EasternAfrica^^0.060.080.080.080.090.10.10.110.1211.0%12.1%0.3%MiddleAfrica^^^^^^^^^^^270.0%17.0%†WesternAfrica^^^^^^^^^^^6.9%19.8%†OtherNorthernAfrica^^^^^^^^^^^8.0%16.2%†OtherSouthernAfrica^^^^^^^^^^^-0.7%8.0%†TotalAfrica0.080.090.130.190.230.280.30.370.410.460.483.6%19.7%1.2%Australia0.140.170.180.220.240.250.310.40.480.580.719.5%17.8%1.7%Bangladesh^^^^^^^^^^^11.3%20.6%†China1.41.872.322.83.684.966.257.278.4411.1613.218.3%25.2%32.3%ChinaHongKongSAR^^^^^^^^^^^-2.1%11.5%†India0.520.590.660.730.8211.231.41.51.712.0218.2%14.5%4.9%Indonesia0.090.090.10.10.110.120.270.270.290.320.3922.2%15.6%1.0%Japan0.370.440.540.710.740.890.991.071.181.351.5111.5%15.1%3.7%Malaysia^^^^^^^^^^^5.0%8.4%0.1%NewZealand0.090.090.10.110.110.110.10.110.110.110.112.6%2.4%0.3%Pakistan^^^^^^^^^^0.0632.1%53.9%0.2%Philippines0.10.090.10.120.130.130.130.130.130.140.144.8%3.7%0.4%Singapore^^^^^^^^^^^55.2%9.2%†SouthKorea^0.050.090.120.140.180.230.280.330.40.4821.1%30.0%1.2%SriLanka^^^^^^^^^^^8.2%23.8%†Taiwan^^^^^0.050.060.080.10.120.1631.4%15.6%0.4%Thailand0.060.080.10.110.140.160.190.230.220.230.23-0.2%14.8%0.6%Vietnam^^^^^^^0.060.110.270.3322.4%76.5%0.8%OtherAsiaPacific^^^^^^^^^^^3.6%13.7%0.1%TotalAsiaPacific2.873.554.285.116.27.949.911.4113.0116.5519.4517.6%21.1%47.6%TotalWorld11.0412.7914.4316.6218.6121.7824.6827.6331.0135.8540.8614.0%14.0%100.0%ofwhich:OECD8.059.099.9611.2812.0513.4814.4315.7517.4418.7420.9611.9%10.0%51.3%Non-OECD2.993.694.475.346.568.310.2511.8813.5617.1119.916.3%20.9%48.7%EuropeanUnion#4.134.534.785.35.335.855.996.537.047.187.889.6%6.7%19.3%Basedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.‘Input-equivalent’energyistheamountoffuelthatwouldberequiredbythermalpowerstationstogeneratethereportedelectricityoutput.Detailsonthermalefficiencyassumptionsareavailableintheappendicesanddefinitionspageandathttps://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review.^ˆLessthan0.005.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesEstonia,LatviaandLithuaniapriorto1985andCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.Notes:Annualchangesandshareoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfiguresandincorporateadjustmentsforassumedchangesinthermalefficiency.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202347RenewableenergyGenerationbysource202120222022GrowthrateTerawatt-hoursWindSolarOtherrenewables‡TotalWindSolarOtherrenewables‡TotalWindSolarOtherrenewables‡TotalCanada34.85.29.949.837.56.08.552.18.0%16.4%-13.6%4.6%Mexico21.120.26.047.320.319.36.646.2-3.6%-4.6%10.4%-2.2%US382.0166.173.9622.0439.2206.274.2719.515.0%24.1%0.3%15.7%TotalNorthAmerica437.8191.489.8719.1497.0231.589.3817.813.5%20.9%-0.5%13.7%Argentina12.92.22.317.414.22.92.319.49.5%33.4%3.9%11.8%Brazil72.316.855.7144.881.630.152.8164.512.9%79.8%-5.3%13.7%Chile7.610.86.625.09.414.56.230.122.8%34.5%-5.2%20.4%Colombia0.10.33.03.40.10.52.93.523.8%55.6%-2.6%3.4%Ecuador0.1^0.40.50.1^0.40.5-2.3%4.4%-6.1%-4.9%Peru1.80.90.83.51.90.90.83.66.0%2.5%-1.3%3.5%Trinidad&Tobago^^–^^^–^––––Venezuela^^^^^^^^––––CentralAmerica4.03.010.017.13.63.09.816.4-8.5%-2.6%-2.2%-3.7%OtherCaribbean2.31.71.35.32.21.91.25.3-3.1%15.0%-13.1%†OtherSouthAmerica5.10.93.49.45.20.93.39.42.2%1.5%-3.7%†TotalS.&Cent.America106.236.683.5226.3118.454.879.6252.811.4%49.8%-4.6%11.7%Austria6.72.84.514.07.23.24.715.27.5%15.7%4.6%8.2%Belgium12.05.64.722.311.96.84.523.1-0.8%20.5%-4.9%3.7%Bulgaria1.41.52.65.51.52.02.25.74.5%36.6%-13.9%4.4%Croatia2.10.11.23.42.30.21.23.711.5%8.4%1.7%8.0%Cyprus0.20.50.10.80.20.6^0.9-9.0%36.8%-35.0%16.7%CzechRepublic0.62.25.48.10.62.35.48.46.6%6.6%1.1%2.9%Denmark16.11.38.726.119.01.97.528.418.4%48.1%-14.0%9.0%Estonia0.70.41.82.90.70.61.83.0-9.8%67.3%-2.7%4.0%Finland8.20.313.622.111.90.314.026.245.5%5.8%3.0%18.8%France36.815.39.361.438.020.19.868.03.4%32.0%5.2%10.7%Germany114.649.350.4214.4125.360.850.4236.59.3%23.2%0.1%10.3%Greece10.55.30.516.210.97.20.518.53.8%36.2%1.5%14.2%Hungary0.73.82.26.70.64.62.17.3-9.0%22.5%-8.0%9.2%Iceland^–5.85.8^–5.95.9–5.8%–2.1%2.1%Ireland9.80.11.010.911.30.11.012.516.1%45.8%3.9%15.2%Italy20.925.022.268.220.727.523.872.0-1.3%9.9%7.2%5.6%Latvia0.1^0.91.00.2^0.81.037.7%–-7.1%-0.8%Lithuania1.40.20.72.21.50.20.32.011.0%8.2%-57.5%-10.2%Luxembourg0.30.20.40.90.30.20.40.96.5%20.2%-8.4%2.7%Netherlands18.011.510.940.421.217.79.548.317.5%53.8%-12.7%19.7%NorthMacedonia0.1^0.10.20.1^^0.24.2%31.0%-32.7%-3.0%Norway11.80.20.212.214.80.30.315.425.9%56.5%20.6%26.3%Poland16.23.98.128.219.48.17.234.719.8%106.8%-11.3%23.0%Portugal13.22.24.219.613.33.13.720.10.9%37.6%-11.3%2.5%Romania6.61.70.78.97.01.80.69.46.5%4.1%-2.8%5.4%Slovakia^0.71.82.5^0.72.12.8–-2.7%14.5%9.9%Slovenia^0.50.30.7^0.50.30.82.5%18.4%-6.1%9.0%Spain62.127.16.996.162.733.86.8103.31.0%24.6%-1.1%7.5%Sweden27.11.513.141.732.62.613.348.620.3%74.6%1.9%16.5%Switzerland0.12.82.05.00.23.72.36.24.2%31.2%15.9%24.3%Türkiye31.413.918.664.035.115.920.371.411.8%14.1%9.3%11.6%Ukraine3.96.30.811.01.55.10.57.0-62.5%-19.6%-36.0%-36.0%UnitedKingdom64.712.139.9116.780.213.935.5129.524.0%14.7%-11.1%11.0%OtherEurope2.10.40.42.82.20.50.43.16.0%15.9%5.7%7.5%TotalEurope500.4198.7243.7942.9554.5246.4239.21040.110.8%24.0%-1.9%10.3%Azerbaijan0.10.10.10.20.10.10.10.2-8.9%10.3%6.3%1.5%Belarus0.20.20.30.60.20.30.30.7–68.1%–18.7%Kazakhstan1.71.6^3.42.51.7^4.244.9%4.1%-19.6%25.1%RussianFederation2.62.30.85.74.22.40.87.462.5%3.7%2.7%30.2%Turkmenistan–^–^–^–^––––Uzbekistan^^–0.1^0.2–0.2–275.4%–268.8%OtherCIS0.10.2^0.30.10.30.10.438.0%44.9%94.6%48.8%TotalCIS4.74.41.210.37.14.91.313.351.7%11.1%4.9%28.8%Iran1.10.6^1.81.20.7^2.010.3%18.3%–12.9%Iraq–0.4–0.4–0.4–0.4–12.1%–12.1%Israel^5.40.15.5^7.10.17.2–32.6%–31.7%Kuwait^0.2–0.2^0.2–0.2––––Oman0.10.8–1.00.11.5–1.6–74.7%–65.5%Qatar–^0.10.1–0.40.10.5–4826.9%–282.8%SaudiArabia^0.8–0.8^0.8–0.8–0.1%–0.1%UnitedArabEmirates^6.3^6.3^7.0^7.0–11.3%1740.0%11.4%OtherMiddleEast1.64.7^6.41.65.6^7.2-1.2%17.4%–12.7%TotalMiddleEast2.919.20.322.43.023.70.327.03.3%23.2%2.3%20.4%Algeria^0.7–0.7^0.7–0.7–2.7%–2.6%Egypt5.45.1–10.55.15.0–10.2-4.4%-1.0%–-2.8%Morocco5.11.8–6.95.41.4–6.84.9%-20.5%–-1.8%SouthAfrica8.76.80.415.99.76.20.416.312.1%-8.6%–2.9%EasternAfrica2.61.57.011.12.72.07.612.46.2%33.9%8.6%11.5%MiddleAfrica^0.10.10.1^0.50.10.5–552.5%–295.0%WesternAfrica0.61.10.22.00.61.30.22.1-0.2%13.4%–7.5%OtherNorthernAfrica0.40.5–0.90.30.7–1.0-24.9%38.3%–8.4%OtherSouthernAfrica–0.40.40.7–0.40.30.7–8.4%-8.4%0.3%TotalAfrica22.817.98.148.823.918.28.750.84.9%1.5%7.1%4.0%Australia26.831.23.361.331.738.83.273.718.1%24.5%-2.9%20.2%Bangladesh^0.6^0.6^0.7^0.7–11.9%–11.7%China655.8327.0165.91148.7762.7427.7176.61367.016.3%30.8%6.5%19.0%ChinaHongKongSAR^0.10.10.1^0.10.10.1––-2.9%-1.8%India68.168.336.8173.270.095.240.7205.92.9%39.3%10.8%18.9%Indonesia0.40.230.931.50.40.337.338.0-18.5%55.6%20.8%20.5%Japan8.292.435.8136.48.2102.441.5152.1-0.9%10.8%16.0%11.5%Malaysia–2.51.23.7–2.71.23.9–8.2%–5.6%NewZealand2.60.29.212.02.90.39.212.48.4%34.2%0.7%3.0%Pakistan3.40.70.74.94.70.90.96.435.5%24.1%27.4%32.6%Philippines1.41.511.814.71.11.812.615.5-21.8%21.2%6.6%5.5%Singapore–0.40.71.1–0.71.01.7–68.2%49.2%56.2%SouthKorea3.224.711.939.83.427.017.347.75.6%9.1%45.7%19.8%SriLanka0.50.90.11.50.51.00.11.6–14.4%–8.7%Taiwan2.28.02.012.23.510.72.016.260.4%34.0%-1.1%33.0%Thailand3.55.013.421.93.44.913.621.9-3.2%-2.2%1.2%-0.3%Vietnam2.425.80.228.38.026.40.434.8236.3%2.3%128.4%22.8%OtherAsiaPacific0.61.60.72.90.51.80.73.0-9.3%11.1%-0.1%4.1%TotalAsiaPacific779.2591.0324.61694.8900.9743.2358.52002.615.6%25.7%10.4%18.2%TotalWorld1854.11059.3751.23664.62104.81322.6776.94204.313.5%24.9%3.4%14.7%ofwhich:OECD972.1544.6399.41916.11093.7658.3405.82157.812.5%20.9%1.6%12.6%Non-OECD882.0514.7351.71748.51011.2664.3371.12046.614.6%29.1%5.5%17.0%EuropeanUnion386.3163.1176.0725.5420.5207.2174.0801.78.8%27.1%-1.2%10.5%Basedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.Includeselectricitygeneratedfrom:geothermal,biomassandothersourcesofrenewableenergy(notalreadyitemised).^Lessthan0.05.†Lessthan0.05%.Amoreextensivetimeseriesofrenewablesbysourceisavailableathttps://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review.Backtocontents48EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023RenewableenergySolar–Installedphotovoltaic(PV)powerGrowthrateperannumShareMegawatts2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada766121018432519266529323095332733423630440121.3%19.1%0.4%Mexico7310917428763311262582474267098171902610.5%61.9%0.9%US861312326181122423735434437705198761587764419539111301518.5%29.4%10.7%TotalNorthAmerica9452136452012927043387314782857664696568649210719212644218.0%29.6%12.0%Argentina688999191442764107111043.0%67.8%0.1%Brazil71321461281207243546358291141972407969.6%127.1%2.3%Chile215221576112518092137265432054468625039.9%123.6%0.6%Honduras5553964174545145185255295290.0%58.9%0.1%OtherS.&Cent.America342434543926114817982210280831784112479816.7%30.2%0.5%TotalS.&Cent.America36247579819522827527774871105715963243773676050.8%58.7%3.5%Austria337626785937109612691455170220432783354827.5%26.5%0.3%Belgium2647290230153132332936214000463755736012689814.7%10.1%0.7%Bulgaria922103910291028103010311033104411001275194852.8%7.8%0.2%CzechRepublic2022206420672075206820752081211121722246262717.0%2.7%0.2%Denmark402571607782851906998108013041704249046.1%20.0%0.2%France43595277603471387702861096721081712065148191741917.5%14.9%1.7%Germany340773671037900392244067942293451584891453671593736655412.1%6.9%6.3%Greece1536257925962604260426062652283432884277555729.9%13.7%0.5%Hungary12358917223534472814002131296829880.7%73.6%0.3%Italy167901819018600189071928919688201142087121656226002508311.0%4.1%2.4%Netherlands28765010071526213529114608722611108149112259051.5%54.7%2.1%Poland12271081872875621539395574161116750.6%147.4%1.1%Portugal23829641544751357966790111001646253654.1%26.7%0.2%Romania417611293132613721374138613981383139414141.4%42.5%0.1%Slovakia5135335335335335284725905355375370.0%0.5%0.1%Spain65696994700170087017702770681111112440160192051828.1%12.1%1.9%Sweden24436010415324442871411071606260662.3%59.8%0.2%Switzerland43775610611394166419062173249829733449413419.9%25.2%0.4%Türkiye12194125083434225064599666687817942620.6%95.3%0.9%Ukraine3727488198419551200200359367331806280620.0%36.0%0.8%UnitedKingdom1754293755289601119141276013059132241346213799144124.4%23.4%1.4%OtherEurope2934766227107999581131156922383092444343.7%31.2%0.4%TotalEurope7364484207911319984710695811563912651114811216930519780423695719.8%12.4%22.5%RussianFederation^15617622553512761428166118169.3%169.5%0.2%OtherCIS129137811621324631054389765.3%97.4%0.1%TotalCIS131474154341748152217372204271323.1%118.6%0.3%Israel28644665679690610061346213826523591441122.8%31.5%0.4%Jordan^^^6287397700118614481521191425.9%177.8%0.2%UnitedArabEmirates13126133134141355598191820612733304011.3%72.3%0.3%OtherMiddleEast176195167277479817101912711837351791.4%70.0%0.3%TotalMiddleEast31763388411031610223634616261743396811288233.1%44.8%1.2%Algeria252528913304234484484484484602.7%33.8%0.0%Egypt353535365918076416471643166317243.7%47.7%0.2%Morocco3535402002022047347347748548580.5%37.6%0.1%SouthAfrica122621164135321763451480549085995631663260.2%87.6%0.6%OtherAfrica2903594435626889411399175519602347327239.4%27.4%0.3%TotalAfrica3977161709224234555200815094931081911628126418.7%41.4%1.2%Australia37994568528759466689735486261297017986228702679217.1%21.6%2.5%China67191775928399435497781913083317526320506025405530706839312728.0%50.2%37.3%India982159937735693997918252274533520339385496846314627.1%51.6%6.0%Japan6632135992333934150420404950056162631926976474191788336.3%28.1%7.5%Malaysia321392052663443945458941483178719338.2%50.9%0.2%Pakistan461011652665906556807558541077124315.4%39.1%0.1%Philippines232817378490891798210581377162518.0%95.2%0.2%SouthKorea10241555248136154502583580991195214575181612097515.5%35.2%2.0%Taiwan231410636884124517682738415058177700972426.3%45.3%0.9%Thailand3828291304142524512702296729882988306530650.0%23.2%0.3%VietNam555558105499316660166601847410.9%129.7%1.8%OtherAsiaPacific18626842568689812161728300540555012578315.4%41.0%0.5%TotalAsiaPacific2003940834660479665814734721942628528434614442868050865262472022.8%41.1%59.3%TotalWorld104212140515180712228920301082395947489306592245720429861537105311522.2%26.0%100.0%Source:IRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi.Endofyear.^Lessthan0.05.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202349RenewableenergyWind–InstalledwindturbinecapacityGrowthrateperannumShareTerawatt-hours2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada62017801969411214119731225012816134131362714304152956.9%9.4%1.7%Mexico181521222569327140514180588760736504715473122.2%15.0%0.8%US594536019864430727678150287831946661038361186641330191408625.9%9.0%15.7%TotalNorthAmerica67469701217669387252975261042611133691233221387951544771634695.8%9.3%18.2%Argentina13719021518718722775016092624329233090.5%37.5%0.4%Brazil18942202488876331012912304148431543817198211612416314.2%29.0%2.7%Chile202301736910103913051524162021493137383022.1%34.2%0.4%CostaRica144144193272365378408411394394390-0.8%10.5%0.0%Uruguay535948185712111511151115141514151415140.0%39.9%0.2%OtherS.&Cent.America636765985136515371604181620432122224923012.3%13.7%0.3%TotalS.&Cent.America306536617499112241446917329208522263626000317473550711.8%27.8%4.0%Austria133716752110248927302887313332243226340837369.6%10.8%0.4%Belgium136717691933218123342779330538644673494852516.1%14.4%0.6%Bulgaria6776836996996996986997037037047040.0%0.4%0.1%Denmark416248194886507752455489612361116267702170881.0%5.5%0.8%Finland2574476271005156520442041228425863257561472.4%36.1%0.6%France760881569201102981156713499149001642717514187402112012.7%10.8%2.3%Germany30979334773861444580494355558058721607426220163833663153.9%7.9%7.4%Greece175318091978209123702624287835894119464948794.9%10.8%0.5%Ireland170419232283245128023319367441264307433946196.5%10.5%0.5%Italy81028542868391379384973710230106791087111254117804.7%3.8%1.3%Netherlands2433271328653391425742024393448466487769930919.8%14.4%1.0%Norway7058188598678831207171029144030504951341.7%22.0%0.6%Poland2564342938364886574757595766583762986967798714.6%12.0%0.9%Portugal441246104857493751245124517252235122542754550.5%2.1%0.6%Romania182227733244313030253030303230383013301530150.0%5.2%0.3%Spain22789229582292522943229902312423405255902681927908293085.0%2.5%3.3%Sweden360641945088581964356611730086819976121161455720.1%15.0%1.6%Türkiye22612760363045035751651670057591883210607113967.4%17.6%1.3%Ukraine24836251451452655362112581402176117610.0%21.7%0.2%UnitedKingdom90301128213074143061612619585216052388224485257302853710.9%12.2%3.2%OtherEurope163317231912219224402691297433233519397442697.4%10.1%0.5%TotalEurope1094481209221338181474951614341770591886882035692166112324772518368.3%8.7%28.0%RussianFederation101010111111521029451955221813.5%71.6%0.2%OtherCIS101315348211319521722325528311.1%40.2%0.0%TotalCIS202325459312324731911682210250113.2%62.4%0.3%Iran10610814915319125928230530831034210.3%12.4%0.0%Jordan111118198198280373518622614-1.2%83.7%0.1%OtherMiddleEast8131414344747979797970.1%28.7%0.0%TotalMiddleEast115122165286423504609775923102910532.4%24.8%0.1%Egypt555555555755755755113011321380164016430.2%11.5%0.2%Morocco2554957977979021022122512251435147115565.8%19.8%0.2%SouthAfrica10257569107914732094209420942516295631035.0%77.2%0.3%Tunisia1732002332402402402452452452452450.0%3.5%0.0%OtherAfrica134235245449461467778833939105911397.6%23.8%0.1%TotalAfrica112817422399332038314578547255296515737076854.3%21.2%0.9%Australia25613221379741814324481254426279860389511013413.2%14.7%1.1%China61597767319681913104814851716437518466620958328211332897436596511.2%19.5%40.7%India17300184202246525088287003284835288375053855940067419304.6%9.3%4.7%Japan256226462753280832473483349839544367446745772.5%6.0%0.5%NewZealand6226226816886896896896896899129120.0%3.9%0.1%Pakistan56106206308591789118612361236133514357.5%38.3%0.2%Philippines33333374274274274274434434434430.0%29.7%0.0%SouthKorea464576612847106712151420149416361708189310.8%15.1%0.2%Taiwan5716146376476826927138459371033158153.0%10.7%0.2%Thailand112223225234507628110315071507154515450.0%30.0%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific166245335449500610846115815555425635917.2%44.0%0.7%TotalAsiaPacific8604310343712886716672518925121056923527726469334164439486143677410.6%17.6%48.6%TotalWorld2672893000273494664163474670295144235645136208417316568241718988249.1%12.9%100.0%Source:IRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi.Endofyear.^Lessthan0.05.Note:CapacityfiguresinthistableincludebothonshoreandoffshorewindandareonanACbasis.Backtocontents50EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023RenewableenergyBiofuelsproductionGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada1719222223222123222221-1.8%2.1%1.1%Mexico––––000001116.7%–†US5345625976146556787016936326857286.3%3.2%38.1%TotalNorthAmerica5515806186376797017237176557087506.0%3.1%39.2%Argentina433849385358514627404511.7%0.4%2.3%Brazil2683133293533313344014294113914094.6%4.3%21.4%Colombia12121313131214131215150.9%2.7%0.8%OtherS.&Cent.America34667679899-6.6%9.6%0.5%TotalS.&Cent.America3263683974094034104744974584564784.9%3.9%25.0%Austria66787777776-16.2%-0.6%0.3%Belgium88117788898912.5%0.8%0.5%Finland567826677770.3%4.1%0.4%France4946474945445046433635-3.5%-3.4%1.8%Germany5458645960616366636662-6.1%1.3%3.2%Italy69101010121315172119-9.5%12.4%1.0%Netherlands24283332283735383739390.2%5.1%2.0%Poland12131415171717181819203.5%5.2%1.0%Portugal5566666765613.1%1.6%0.3%Spain11141921223540393331311.3%10.6%1.6%Sweden4444437889105.5%8.9%0.5%UnitedKingdom6976101413111010112.9%6.6%0.6%OtherEurope24262628303235403939439.0%5.8%2.2%TotalEurope215232255254249282300310297299298-0.4%3.3%15.6%TotalCIS10000000^^^--42.8%†TotalMiddleEast00000--------100.0%-TotalAfrica222222222220.1%-0.5%0.1%Australia455422232226.4%-6.9%0.1%China384247403931445356586614.4%5.7%3.5%India555101211192123354324.5%24.8%2.3%Indonesia3341592454509112412615117415.6%18.2%9.1%SouthKorea77788813131311125.5%5.8%0.6%Thailand2430343633364044443936-8.5%4.4%1.9%OtherAsiaPacific21283337333135534648528.4%9.2%2.7%TotalAsiaPacific13215818915918017024331231134438612.1%11.4%20.2%TotalWorld122613401462146215131565174218371723180819145.8%4.6%100.0%ofwhich:OECD786832895912946100010471048972102710683.9%3.1%55.8%Non–OECD4405085675505675656957897507818468.4%6.8%44.2%EuropeanUnion208220246245235264282294283285283-0.7%3.1%14.8%BiofuelsproductionbyfueltypeThousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012-222022BiogasolineCanada&Mexico16161716171717181616173.5%0.5%1.6%US4754795165345545755805695015425542.3%1.5%51.9%Brazil2282692782942752703223413152913178.8%3.3%29.7%OtherS.&Cent.America9121517181921211721212.4%9.2%2.0%Europe46525152525556545055585.9%2.3%5.4%CIS–^^^^^^^^^^––†MiddleEast00000–––––––-100.0%-Africa222222222220.1%-0.4%0.1%AsiaPacific404753575258698076889812.5%9.3%9.2%TotalWorld81787893397397099610661085977101410675.3%2.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD5435545916086286526606475726186332.5%1.5%59.4%Non–OECD2733243423653423454064384053964339.5%4.7%40.6%EuropeanUnion44464548464850504752555.8%2.1%5.1%BiodieselCanada&Mexico12567655765-14.0%13.8%0.6%US5882808010110412112413114417421.1%11.6%20.6%Brazil40435158566479889510093-7.5%8.7%11.0%OtherS.&Cent.America49435340545752473043478.6%-0.4%5.5%Europe169180204202197227244256248244240-1.8%3.5%28.3%CIS10000000––––-100.0%–MiddleEast––––––––––––––Africa^^^00^^^^^^0.3%-15.8%†AsiaPacific9111113610212811217423123625728812.0%12.2%34.0%TotalWorld4104635294895435696767527467948476.6%7.5%100.0%ofwhich:OECD2432783043033183493874014004104346.0%6.0%51.3%Non–OECD1671852251862252212893503463854127.2%9.5%48.7%EuropeanUnion164174201198189216233244236233228-2.1%3.4%26.9%Source:IncludesdatafromF.O.Lichts;USEnergyInformationAdministration(March2021).Includesbiogasoline(suchasethanol)andbiodiesel.Volumeshavebeenadjustedforenergycontent.†Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsadayoilequivalentfigures.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202351RenewableenergyBiofuelsconsumptionGrowthrateperannumShareThousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada3535363432383940374038-4.9%0.7%2.0%Mexico223334445447.2%8.7%0.2%US5185735816086586616526706086706994.3%3.1%36.2%TotalNorthAmerica5556096206456937036957156507147423.8%2.9%38.4%Argentina171922242630282916172233.7%3.0%1.2%Brazil237278305357324332385426396392390-0.6%5.1%20.2%Colombia12121313131215161315152.4%2.7%0.8%OtherS.&Cent.America1415151718191919172019-3.2%3.5%1.0%TotalS.&Cent.America2793243564113803934474904424444470.7%4.8%23.1%Austria108101210999888-4.4%-2.1%0.4%Belgium668589991213148.0%8.3%0.7%Finland348837677122287.8%20.5%1.1%France484952535354535550566718.9%3.5%3.5%Germany5650535050515352635656-0.6%-0.1%2.9%Italy2824202525252615212220-11.6%-3.5%1.0%Netherlands66765610131515164.5%9.6%0.8%Poland1414131281117181920202.3%3.6%1.0%Portugal55575555565-18.5%-0.1%0.3%Spain3917181821243131262625-2.5%-4.4%1.3%Sweden121216192528272725293313.1%10.7%1.7%UnitedKingdom171922171817243129263328.8%7.1%1.7%OtherEurope31383637424951606162642.9%7.6%3.3%TotalEurope2762522692702722953223343403523838.8%3.4%19.8%TotalCIS1^^^122335635.2%27.3%0.3%TotalMiddleEast^^^^^11111117.4%17.5%0.1%TotalAfrica111111211221.1%6.4%0.1%Australia555433322227.8%-7.7%0.1%China4257604246425549374545-1.2%0.8%2.3%India191922232825333736515814.9%11.6%3.0%Indonesia111728154639569512513915612.3%30.0%8.1%SouthKorea7109888131313111424.5%7.6%0.7%Thailand1824283031343742423834-10.2%6.6%1.7%OtherAsiaPacific131618212425263133394411.9%13.3%2.3%TotalAsiaPacific1141481701441851772242702873253538.6%11.9%18.2%TotalWorld122613361417147215331570169218131726184219334.9%4.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD8528879159399891021104710751015109011515.6%3.1%59.5%Non-OECD3744495025325445496457377117527824.0%7.7%40.5%EuropeanUnion2552232412462452632842862983133367.6%2.8%17.4%BiofuelsproductionbyfueltypeThousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022BiogasolineCanada&Mexico4634774855035165225205254565035040.3%0.9%47.0%US28283030303234343132357.4%2.2%3.2%Brazil1972362552992682693053393012912961.7%4.2%27.7%OtherS.&Cent.America15182023252728302428293.4%6.9%2.7%Europe555252535154566158677816.1%3.6%7.3%CIS––––^11223445.3%–0.4%MiddleEast^^^^^^^^^^^2.5%-7.8%†Africa111111211221.1%6.4%0.2%AsiaPacific61667479898498100951171245.7%7.4%11.5%TotalWorld82087891798898199010441092969104410722.7%2.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD5565665775976096216236335586146302.6%1.3%58.7%Non-OECD2643123393913713694214584114304422.8%5.3%41.3%EuropeanUnion484342434144465050566311.8%2.8%5.9%BiodieselCanada&Mexico54969610514113813214515216719516.6%13.7%22.6%US988769101011128-34.2%-1.7%0.9%Brazil41435059566380889510194-7.4%8.7%10.9%OtherS.&Cent.America272830313234343422242818.7%0.4%3.3%Europe2202002172172212412662722822853057.1%3.3%35.4%CIS1^^^111112220.0%14.9%0.3%MiddleEast––––^^1111119.1%–0.1%Africa––––––––––––––AsiaPacific53829765969312516919220822910.2%15.7%26.6%TotalWorld4054585004845525806487217577988617.8%7.8%100.0%ofwhich:OECD2963213373423804004244424574765219.5%5.8%60.5%Non-OECD1101371631411731802242793003223405.5%12.0%39.5%EuropeanUnion2071801992032032192392362482562736.6%2.8%31.7%Source:IncludesdatafromF.O.Lichts;USEnergyInformationAdministration(March2021).Includesbiogasoline(suchasethanol)andbiodiesel.Volumeshavebeenadjustedforenergycontent.^Lessthan0.5.†Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsadayoilequivalentfigures.Backtocontents52EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023ElectricityGenerationGrowthrateperannumShareTerawatt-hours2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–222022Canada636.5655.7653.0661.1668.2669.6661.5656.0653.4646.8659.62.0%0.4%2.3%Mexico296.4297.1303.3310.3319.4329.1349.3344.6325.7330.0340.73.2%1.4%1.2%US4310.64330.34363.34349.94348.94303.84464.54414.14287.64400.94547.73.3%0.5%15.6%TotalNorthAmerica5243.55283.15319.55321.35336.55302.55475.35414.75266.75377.75548.03.2%0.6%19.0%Argentina136.0139.4138.6145.4147.2145.6146.8139.5144.6153.2150.8-1.5%1.0%0.5%Brazil552.5570.8590.5581.2578.9589.3601.4633.3628.8656.1677.23.2%2.1%2.3%Chile69.773.071.674.577.778.682.383.683.787.489.32.2%2.5%0.3%Colombia67.769.872.775.074.475.078.380.479.486.089.54.0%2.8%0.3%Ecuador22.823.324.326.027.328.029.232.331.232.233.02.5%3.7%0.1%Peru41.043.345.548.351.752.755.057.052.857.559.73.9%3.8%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago9.19.59.910.310.09.99.29.29.29.610.25.7%1.1%†Venezuela127.9132.6131.0126.3116.2110.392.378.181.683.982.8-1.3%-4.2%0.3%CentralAmerica46.147.548.951.753.353.756.559.156.861.263.13.1%3.2%0.2%OtherCaribbean76.176.775.977.878.674.576.279.979.080.280.1-0.1%0.5%0.3%OtherSouthAmerica82.384.280.982.791.387.987.980.074.271.674.74.3%-1.0%0.3%TotalS.&Cent.America1231.41270.31289.91299.21306.71305.71315.11332.51321.41378.91410.42.3%1.4%4.8%Austria72.768.465.665.568.571.368.674.272.670.868.5-3.2%-0.6%0.2%Belgium83.083.572.569.785.686.675.093.689.5100.595.2-5.3%1.4%0.3%Bulgaria47.343.847.549.245.345.646.844.340.847.650.35.8%0.6%0.2%Croatia10.814.113.611.412.812.013.612.813.415.214.3-5.9%2.9%†Cyprus4.74.34.44.54.95.05.05.14.85.15.33.4%1.2%†CzechRepublic87.486.986.083.983.387.088.087.081.484.984.5-0.4%-0.3%0.3%Denmark30.734.732.228.930.531.030.429.528.733.034.33.8%1.1%0.1%Estonia12.013.312.410.412.213.212.47.66.07.48.414.3%-3.5%†Finland70.471.368.168.668.867.570.368.769.372.173.01.2%0.4%0.3%France565.2575.3564.8571.7556.2554.0574.0562.9524.3547.6467.7-14.6%-1.9%1.6%Germany628.9637.6625.7646.9650.6653.7643.5609.3574.6589.3577.3-2.0%-0.9%2.0%Greece61.057.250.551.954.455.353.348.648.354.750.8-7.1%-1.8%0.2%Hungary34.630.329.430.431.932.932.134.334.936.135.4-2.0%0.2%0.1%Iceland17.518.118.118.818.519.219.819.519.119.620.12.5%1.4%0.1%Ireland27.626.126.328.430.530.931.131.032.331.934.58.1%2.2%0.1%Italy299.3289.8279.8283.0289.8295.8289.7293.9280.5289.1287.3-0.6%-0.4%1.0%Latvia6.26.25.15.56.47.56.76.45.75.85.0-14.8%-2.1%†Lithuania5.04.84.44.94.34.23.54.05.55.14.7-7.0%-0.6%†Luxembourg3.82.93.02.82.22.22.21.92.22.22.20.5%-5.3%†Netherlands102.5100.9103.4110.2115.2117.2114.3121.4123.3122.1122.0-0.1%1.8%0.4%NorthMacedonia6.36.15.45.65.65.65.65.95.35.55.85.4%-0.7%†Norway147.8134.1142.0144.5149.1149.6147.1134.9155.3158.0146.8-7.1%-0.1%0.5%Poland162.1164.6159.1164.9166.6170.5170.0164.0157.1179.6179.1-0.3%1.0%0.6%Portugal46.651.752.852.460.359.459.653.253.151.048.7-4.5%0.4%0.2%Romania59.058.963.366.365.164.364.859.555.859.354.0-9.0%-0.9%0.2%Slovakia28.728.827.426.927.127.727.028.428.830.027.4-8.7%-0.4%0.1%Slovenia15.716.117.415.116.516.316.316.117.215.913.5-15.3%-1.6%†Spain297.6285.3278.8281.0274.6275.6274.5267.5263.4274.3293.77.1%-0.1%1.0%Sweden166.3153.2153.7162.1156.1164.3163.4168.4163.8171.8172.70.5%0.4%0.6%Switzerland70.070.472.066.361.961.867.671.970.264.664.4-0.4%-0.8%0.2%Türkiye239.5240.2252.0261.8274.4297.3304.8303.9306.7334.7326.2-2.5%3.1%1.1%Ukraine198.9194.4182.8163.7164.6156.0159.9154.1147.8155.5112.7-27.5%-5.5%0.4%UnitedKingdom363.9358.3338.1338.9339.2338.2332.7323.9312.3308.7326.05.6%-1.1%1.1%OtherEurope79.390.180.285.289.082.992.587.686.794.789.1-5.9%1.2%0.3%TotalEurope4052.54021.53937.63981.44022.04062.04066.13995.23880.64043.63900.9-3.5%-0.4%13.4%Azerbaijan23.023.424.724.725.024.325.226.125.827.929.04.1%2.4%0.1%Belarus30.831.534.734.233.634.538.940.538.741.239.6-3.7%2.6%0.1%Kazakhstan90.692.694.691.694.6103.1107.3106.5108.6115.1114.0-1.0%2.3%0.4%RussianFederation1069.31059.11064.21067.51091.01091.21109.21118.11085.41157.11166.90.9%0.9%4.0%Turkmenistan17.818.920.121.522.622.824.222.525.828.431.511.0%5.9%0.1%Uzbekistan53.054.955.457.359.160.862.963.166.171.171.0-0.2%3.0%0.2%OtherCIS46.043.344.144.043.546.348.649.249.550.149.5-1.3%0.7%0.2%TotalCIS1330.41323.71337.91340.91369.31383.01416.41425.91400.01490.91501.60.7%1.2%5.1%Iran248.8258.9275.6280.2286.1305.2312.4318.9337.2345.3348.10.8%3.4%1.2%Iraq47.862.171.275.386.393.6100.2106.0105.5110.8117.25.8%9.4%0.4%Israel63.061.461.364.367.467.769.372.472.873.876.53.6%2.0%0.3%Kuwait61.161.065.168.370.172.874.275.174.880.883.02.7%3.1%0.3%Oman25.026.229.132.834.236.137.738.838.341.041.40.9%5.2%0.1%Qatar34.834.738.741.542.345.647.949.949.351.750.0-3.1%3.7%0.2%SaudiArabia281.6294.7328.2350.6357.7395.0374.8378.5380.9392.9401.62.2%3.6%1.4%UnitedArabEmirates106.2110.0116.5127.4129.6134.6136.0138.5137.3149.0154.73.8%3.8%0.5%OtherMiddleEast105.599.597.193.993.095.7102.8106.8101.897.192.6-4.6%-1.3%0.3%TotalMiddleEast973.81008.41083.01134.41166.81246.21255.31284.91297.91342.41365.11.7%3.4%4.7%Algeria57.459.964.268.871.076.076.781.579.285.491.67.3%4.8%0.3%Egypt162.8165.1171.2181.8188.2193.2199.4200.6198.6209.7200.8-4.2%2.1%0.7%Morocco27.728.129.330.330.731.634.440.138.541.041.20.3%4.1%0.1%SouthAfrica257.9256.1254.8250.4253.1255.4256.3252.6239.5244.3234.8-3.9%-0.9%0.8%EasternAfrica81.887.093.298.297.1103.0108.1108.8110.6117.1123.15.1%4.2%0.4%MiddleAfrica23.828.431.333.834.335.639.642.043.744.345.42.4%6.7%0.2%WesternAfrica55.360.364.064.469.171.774.380.386.291.391.70.4%5.2%0.3%OtherNorthernAfrica52.456.457.057.351.454.055.356.851.259.258.7-0.8%1.1%0.2%OtherSouthernAfrica3.54.15.05.04.75.75.04.54.94.65.418.5%4.6%†TotalAfrica722.6745.5770.1790.0799.6826.3849.2867.3852.3896.9892.7-0.5%2.1%3.1%Australia250.7249.6247.6254.0258.2259.0262.6265.9265.2267.5273.62.3%0.9%0.9%Bangladesh48.754.657.662.070.273.679.784.684.792.997.54.9%7.2%0.3%China4987.65431.65794.55814.66133.26604.47166.17503.47779.18534.38848.73.7%5.9%30.3%ChinaHongKongSAR38.839.139.938.038.237.036.536.935.237.136.2-2.4%-0.7%0.1%India1091.81146.11262.21322.11401.71471.31579.21622.11581.91714.81858.08.4%5.5%6.4%Indonesia200.3216.2228.6234.0247.9254.7283.8295.4291.8309.4333.47.8%5.2%1.1%Japan1106.91087.81062.71030.11035.11042.11053.21025.8997.01019.71033.61.4%-0.7%3.5%Malaysia134.1141.0147.5150.1156.7160.6170.6178.5169.8174.7182.94.7%3.2%0.6%NewZealand44.243.344.044.744.244.644.745.144.544.644.70.2%0.1%0.2%Pakistan99.5101.0106.3110.5115.6127.1137.5137.1134.8147.6145.8-1.3%3.9%0.5%Philippines72.975.377.382.490.894.499.8106.0101.8109.2114.44.8%4.6%0.4%Singapore46.948.049.350.351.652.252.954.153.155.857.12.4%2.0%0.2%SouthKorea531.2537.2540.4547.8561.0576.4592.9586.8577.1601.9620.33.0%1.6%2.1%SriLanka11.912.012.913.214.415.016.216.816.717.516.9-3.1%3.6%0.1%Taiwan250.4252.3260.0258.1264.1270.3275.5274.2280.0291.0288.1-1.0%1.4%1.0%Thailand169.0168.6173.8177.8179.8176.7177.8186.5176.5176.4180.42.3%0.7%0.6%Vietnam115.1124.5141.3157.9175.7191.6209.2227.4235.4244.9260.06.2%8.5%0.9%OtherAsiaPacific78.787.590.693.6112.3122.7130.3132.2143.0150.6155.02.9%7.0%0.5%TotalAsiaPacific9278.79815.510336.210441.410950.811573.712368.512779.012967.613989.714546.44.0%4.6%49.9%TotalWorld22832.923467.924074.124308.624951.625699.426745.827099.526986.528520.229165.12.3%2.5%100.0%ofwhich:OECD11033.311025.110970.711018.011100.111147.711348.011212.110923.911232.011357.31.1%0.3%38.9%Non-OECD11799.612442.913103.413290.613851.514551.715397.815887.416062.617288.217807.93.0%4.2%61.1%EuropeanUnion#2931.62912.12849.42897.92920.62952.92938.12895.62779.42904.62812.0-3.2%-0.4%9.6%Basedongrossoutput.†Lessthan0.05%.#ExcludesCroatiaandSloveniapriorto1990.BacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202353ElectricityGenerationbyfuel20212022Terawatt-hoursOilNaturalgasCoalNuclearenergyHydro-electricityRenew-ablesOther‡TotalOilNaturalGasCoalNuclearenergyHydro-electricityRenew-ablesOther‡TotalCanada2.980.134.492.0382.849.84.8646.82.781.034.186.6398.452.14.7659.6Mexico32.9189.513.611.934.947.3^330.034.2191.821.910.835.746.2–340.7US20.61698.1977.8820.7249.0622.012.74400.925.11816.6904.2812.1258.6719.511.54547.7TotalNorthAmerica56.51967.61025.8924.6666.6719.117.55377.762.02089.4960.2909.6692.7817.816.25548.0Argentina13.189.92.410.219.617.40.5153.216.780.42.17.523.919.40.8150.8Brazil20.287.024.214.7362.8144.82.4656.110.142.116.514.6427.1164.52.3677.2OtherS.&Cent.America65.7106.746.9–286.364.1-^569.766.3114.038.0–295.268.8-^582.4TotalS.&Cent.America99.0283.673.524.9668.7226.32.91378.993.1236.556.622.0746.2252.83.11410.4France2.035.34.1379.458.761.46.8547.62.346.93.1294.744.668.08.1467.7Germany4.690.3164.769.119.7214.426.5589.34.479.8180.634.717.5236.523.8577.3Italy12.0144.016.0–45.468.23.5289.19.7156.317.6–28.272.03.6287.3Netherlands1.356.717.33.80.140.42.5122.11.647.817.34.20.148.32.7122.0Poland2.015.8129.8–2.328.21.4179.61.711.6127.4–2.034.71.7179.1Spain10.071.56.056.629.696.14.5274.310.189.39.458.618.2103.34.9293.7Türkiye0.3111.2103.4–55.964.0^334.73.171.8112.8–67.271.4–326.2Ukraine0.810.336.886.210.411.0–155.50.57.224.862.111.17.0–112.7UnitedKingdom1.8123.26.545.95.5116.79.1308.72.1125.35.647.75.3129.510.5326.0OtherEurope17.8141.7146.9241.3426.9242.625.51242.817.1132.0151.4239.5372.8269.426.61208.8TotalEurope52.7799.9631.5882.3654.5942.979.84043.652.6768.0650.0741.5566.91040.181.93900.9Kazakhstan0.127.175.2–9.23.40.2115.10.123.776.8–9.24.2–114.0RussianFederation8.1519.9181.2222.4214.55.75.21157.16.7533.9192.3223.7197.77.45.31166.9OtherCIS4.6156.96.47.841.21.20.6218.74.0159.86.27.540.91.60.6220.7TotalCIS12.8703.9262.8230.2265.010.36.01490.910.7717.3275.4231.2247.813.35.81501.6Iran33.8290.60.83.514.91.8–345.331.2300.20.86.67.52.0–348.1SaudiArabia157.9234.2–––0.8–392.9131.4269.4–––0.8–401.6UnitedArabEmirates^132.2–10.5–6.3–149.0^127.7–20.1–7.0–154.7OtherMiddleEast135.4283.817.2–5.013.60.2455.1134.8285.817.8–4.917.20.2460.6TotalMiddleEast327.1940.917.914.119.922.40.21342.4297.3983.018.526.712.427.00.21365.1Egypt10.9174.0––14.310.5–209.717.6159.3––13.810.2–200.8SouthAfrica3.2–206.112.42.015.94.7244.33.6–197.210.13.116.34.5234.8OtherAfrica45.0202.036.9–136.122.50.5442.949.4203.939.2–139.824.30.5457.1TotalAfrica59.1376.0243.112.4152.448.85.2896.970.6363.2236.410.1156.750.85.0892.7Australia4.747.6137.4–15.961.30.4267.55.046.3130.9–17.173.70.5273.6China11.8287.15328.8407.51300.01148.750.38534.311.9290.65397.8417.81303.11367.060.48848.7India2.359.81274.143.9160.3173.21.11714.82.547.01380.146.2174.9205.91.31858.0Indonesia6.656.3190.0–24.731.50.3309.46.156.1205.3–27.338.00.6333.4Japan34.0326.1301.961.279.6136.480.61019.740.6319.7309.051.874.9152.185.41033.6Malaysia1.360.978.0–30.93.7–174.71.868.476.4–32.53.9–182.9SouthKorea7.2178.1211.7158.03.139.84.2601.96.9173.3208.7176.13.547.74.2620.3Taiwan5.3108.3128.927.83.512.25.0291.04.5111.8121.223.85.816.24.9288.1Thailand0.7113.136.1–4.521.9-^176.41.7114.635.5–6.621.9^180.4Vietnam0.226.2114.2–75.928.3^244.90.727.8100.8–96.034.8–260.0OtherAsiaPacific52.3230.1155.515.7163.337.80.7655.460.5218.2154.422.3169.741.51.0667.6TotalAsiaPacific126.41493.77956.4714.11861.71694.8142.513989.7142.21473.98120.1737.91911.52002.6158.314546.4TotalWorld733.56565.610211.12802.54288.83664.6254.228520.2728.66631.410317.22679.04334.24204.3270.529165.1ofwhich:OECD153.53370.92247.81912.21450.21916.1181.311232.0163.03454.12197.31789.31408.22157.8187.511357.3Non-OECD580.03194.67963.3890.42838.51748.572.917288.2565.63177.38119.8889.72926.02046.683.017807.9EuropeanUnion47.3548.7439.8731.7347.3725.564.32904.643.9556.2461.2608.6276.9801.763.52812.0‡Includeselectricitygeneratedfrom:geothermal,biomassandothersourcesofrenewableenergy(notalreadyitemized).Basedongrossoutput.Includesuncategorisedgeneration,statisticaldifferencesandsourcesnotspecifiedelsewheree.g.pumpedhydro,non-renewablewasteandheatfromchemicalsources.^Lessthan0.05.Backtocontents54EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023KeymineralsProductionandreservesCobaltproductionandreservesMineproductionGrowthrateperannumShareatendofThousandtonnes2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–2220222022ShareR/PratioAustralia5.96.46.26.05.55.84.95.75.65.35.911.4%†3.5%150017.6%254Canada3.74.03.94.34.23.73.53.34.54.43.9-10.6%0.5%2.3%2202.6%56China2.22.62.82.62.32.52.02.52.22.22.2––1.3%1401.6%64DRCongo86.476.676.584.469.090.3109.478.086.693.0111.319.7%2.6%67.0%400046.9%36Cuba4.74.03.74.03.93.93.53.83.84.03.8-4.5%-2.1%2.3%5005.9%132Madagascar0.62.43.44.03.83.12.92.90.82.02.420.0%14.9%1.4%1001.2%42Morocco2.02.02.22.32.72.52.12.32.32.32.3–1.4%1.4%130.2%6NewCaledonia2.73.24.03.63.22.82.11.72.21.52.030.0%-3.1%1.2%570.7%29PapuaNewGuinea0.51.02.12.52.23.33.32.92.93.03.01.6%20.4%1.8%470.6%16Philippines2.72.84.64.34.04.64.85.14.94.34.77.4%5.6%2.8%2603.0%56RussianFederation6.36.36.36.25.55.96.16.39.78.08.911.2%3.5%5.4%2502.9%28SouthAfrica2.53.03.02.92.32.32.32.11.81.21.0-16.5%-8.8%0.6%380.4%38Zambia5.45.94.63.05.02.61.60.40.30.20.2–-26.6%0.1%2703.2%1093RestofWorld9.911.47.57.14.84.02.83.03.76.514.7127.0%4.1%8.8%113813.3%78TotalWorld135.4131.6130.7137.2118.4137.3151.2119.9131.4137.8166.220.6%2.1%100.0%8532.7100.0%51Sources:includesdatafromUSGeologicalSurvey,BritishGeologicalSurvey©UKRIandWorldMiningData.†lessthan0.05%.RestofWorldisthesumofonlyrecordedreserves.NaturalGraphiteThousandtonnesGrowthrateperannumShareatendofThousandtonnes2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–2220222022ShareR/PratioBrazil188.191.987.075.161.779.895.096.095.095.095.0-0.8%6.8%7400020.8%779Canada24.020.030.030.021.014.011.011.07.612.015.025.0%-4.6%1.1%5700.2%38China820.0750.0780.0725.0625.0625.0693.0700.0762.0820.0850.03.7%0.4%61.1%5200014.6%61India2134.7146.4116.7134.6137.346.444.530.531.857.357.3–-8.2%4.1%80002.2%140Madagascar2.94.35.38.19.213.348.153.448.591.188.2-3.2%40.8%6.3%260007.3%295Mexico7.57.09.26.53.81.74.11.61.51.81.7-2.9%-13.7%0.1%31000.9%1796Mozambique–––––0.3104.0153.012.072.0163.0126.4%–11.7%250007.0%153Norway7.06.28.39.29.69.612.09.85.56.310.464.9%4.0%0.7%6000.2%58RussianFederation14.320.217.615.919.419.511.917.512.915.314.3-6.3%†1.0%256617.2%1792SriLanka4.23.14.04.24.03.54.04.04.03.03.0–-3.2%0.2%15000.4%500Türkiye31.528.73.9–––16.810.015.228.328.3–-1.1%2.0%9000025.3%3176Ukraine7.02.08.07.96.113.912.21.54.13.23.0-5.8%-8.1%0.2%137613.9%4587RestofWorld352.245.757.856.559.059.456.651.153.553.961.814.7%1.7%4.4%3550010.0%575TotalWorld1193.51125.61127.81073.0956.2886.41113.11139.41053.61259.11391.010.5%1.5%100%355692100%256Sources:includesdatafromUSGeologicalSurvey,BritishGeologicalSurvey©UKRIandWorldMiningData.1Includingbeneficiatedanddirectlyshippedmaterial.2Runofthemine.3RestofWorldisthesumofonlyrecordedreserves.LithiumproductionandreservesThousandtonnesofLithiumcontentGrowthrateperannumShareatendofThousandtonnes2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–2220222022ShareR/PratioArgentina2.72.53.23.65.85.76.46.35.96.06.23.9%8.7%4.8%270011.7%435Australia12.710.112.411.914.021.357.045.039.755.361.010.3%17.0%46.8%620026.9%102Brazil0.20.40.20.10.20.31.02.21.41.72.229.4%30.8%1.7%2501.1%114Chile12.310.510.89.813.614.217.019.221.628.339.037.8%12.2%29.9%930040.4%238China4.54.72.32.02.36.87.110.813.314.019.035.7%15.5%14.6%20008.7%105Portugal0.30.30.30.30.40.81.20.90.30.90.6-33.3%6.8%0.5%600.3%100US1.00.90.90.90.90.90.90.90.90.90.9–-0.6%0.7%10004.3%1065Zimbabwe1.11.00.90.91.00.81.61.20.40.70.812.7%-2.8%0.6%3101.3%388RestofWorld––^–^0.13.00.40.10.10.6420.8%–0.5%12045.2%1892TotalWorld34.730.431.029.538.250.995.186.983.7107.9130.420.8%14.1%100.0%23024100.0%177Sources:includesdatafromUSGeologicalSurvey,BritishGeologicalSurvey©UKRIandWorldMiningData.^lessthan0.05.RestofWorldisthesumofonlyrecordedreserves.RareEarthmetals:ProductionandReservesThousandtonnesofLithiumcontentGrowthrateperannumShareatendofThousandtonnes12012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220222012–2220222022ShareR/PratioArgentina3.21.36.211.913.917.318.617.621.122.516.0-29.1%17.4%5.3%42003.3%263Australia1.60.3–0.92.71.71.20.70.60.50.1-84.0%-26.0%†2100016.7%262500Brazil93.893.8105.0105.0105.0105.0120.0132.0140.0168.0210.025.0%8.4%70.3%4400035.0%210Chile–0.31.71.01.11.42.12.52.52.62.6––0.9%69005.5%2654China––––––2.04.02.84.11.0-76.6%–0.3%1800.1%188Portugal2.11.42.12.33.12.52.62.62.62.62.6–2.0%0.9%2100016.7%8077US0.10.11.90.81.61.31.01.93.68.27.1-13.4%50.4%2.4%00.0%–Zimbabwe3.05.55.45.9––18.028.039.042.043.02.4%30.5%14.4%23001.8%53RestofWorld20.30.30.20.94.815.425.526.632.135.616.3-54.2%49.1%5.5%2604020.7%1595TotalWorld104.2103.0122.6128.6132.2144.6191.0215.9244.3286.2298.64.4%11.1%100%125620100%421Sources:includesdatafromUSGeologicalSurvey,BritishGeologicalSurvey©UKRIandWorldMiningData.^lessthan0.05.†lessthan0.05%.1Thousandtonnesofrareearthoxideequivalent.2RestofWorldisthesumofonlyrecordedreserves.ReservesReservesReservesReservesBacktocontentsEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202355KeymineralsPricesCobaltandlithiumpricesThousandUSdollarspertonneCobaltLithiumcarbonate†200033.424.47200123.261.49200215.231.59200323.371.55200452.761.72200535.191.46200637.962.32200767.353.53200886.004.44200939.385.16201045.974.30201139.664.29201231.024.45201327.074.75201430.794.68201528.465.11201625.478.84201755.7912.07201872.7914.66201933.2011.31202031.446.80202151.3910.76202263.5246.822000-2012spotgradeforcathodes,sourceUSGeologicalSurvey.Datafrom2013onwards:minpurity99.8%,sourceLondonMetalExchange.†2000-2008unitvalue,dataseries140,sourceUSGeologicalSurvey.Datafrom2009onwards:FOBSouthAmerica,sourceBenchmarkMineralIntelligence.BacktocontentsMethodology56EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023TheStatisticalReviewprovidesagloballyconsistentdatatimeseries.Hereweoutlinethedefinitions,conversionfactorsandcalculationsweusetoproducethereport.PrimaryenergyTraditionally,intheStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy,theprimaryenergyofnon-fossilbasedelectricity(nuclear,hydro,wind,solar,geothermal,biomassinpowerandotherrenewablessources)hasbeencalculatedonan‘input-equivalent’basis–i.e.basedontheequivalentamountoffossilfuelinputrequiredtogeneratethatamountofelectricityinastandardthermalpowerplant.Forexample,ifnuclearpoweroutputforacountrywas100TWh,andtheefficiencyofastandardthermalpowerplantwas38%,theinputequivalentprimaryenergywouldbe100/0.38=263TWhorabout0.95EJ.Formanyyears,theefficiencyofthisstandardpowerplanthasbeenassumedtobe38%.However,inreality,theworldaverageefficiencyoffossilfuel-basedpowerchangesovertimeandhasrisenfromaround36%in2000toover40%today.Moreover,giventhemuchhigherefficiencyofthemostmodernpowerplant(e.g.thethermalefficiencyofamoderngasturbineplantisabove55%),theglobalaverageisexpectedtoincreaseinthefuture.Therefore,tobetterassessprimaryenergytrends,weuseatime-dependentthermalequivalencemodel.Theconversionfactorusedeachyeartocalculatethe‘input-equivalent’consumptionforagivenlevelofgenerationisbasedonasimplifiedrepresentationofmeasuredaverageefficiencylevels:1965-2000:assumedconstantefficiencyof36%2000-2017:alinearincreasefrom36%to40%basedonobserveddata2018onwards:theannualrateofefficiencyimprovementisbasedonthesimplifiedassumptionthatefficiencywillincreaselinearlyto45%by2050.Thetablebelowquantifiestheseassumptions(roundedto1decimalplace):Thermalequivalentefficiencyfactorsusedtoconvertnon-fossilelectricity(excludingbiomasspoweredelectricity)toprimaryenergy.Thermalequivalentefficiencyfactorsusedtoconvertnon-fossilelectricitytoprimaryenergyYear(s)EfficiencyfactorYear(s)Efficiencyfactor200136.2%201238.8%200236.5%201339.1%200336.7%201439.3%200436.9%201539.5%200537.2%201639.8%200637.4%201740.0%200737.6%201840.2%200837.9%201940.4%200938.1%202040.5%201038.4%202140.6%201138.6%202240.7%1965-2000=36.0%Inthisyear’sStatisticalReview,weusetheupdatedthermalequivalentefficiencyfactortoconvertelectricitygenerationfrombiomasstoprimaryenergyequivalent.Priorto2022,thesamefactorwasusedforbiomassasforallnon-fossilelectricity.From2022onwards,weassumeaconstantefficiencyof32%forbiomasspowertobetterreflecttheactualefficiencyofbiomasspowerplants.Primaryenergyconsumptionisreportedinnetterms.Thegrosscalorificvaluetonetcalorificvalueadjustmentisfuel-specific.Fuelsusedasinputsforconversiontechnologies(gas-to-liquids,coal-to-liquidsandcoal-to-gas)arecountedasproductionforthesourcefuelandtheoutputsarecountedasconsumptionfortheconvertedfuel.OilOilreservesTotalprovedreservesofoilaregenerallytakentobethosequantitiesthatgeologicalandengineeringinformationindicateswithreasonablecertaintycanberecoveredinthefuturefromknownreservoirsunderexistingeconomicandgeologicalconditions.Thedataseriesforprovedoilreservesinthisyear’sreviewdoesnotnecessarilymeetthedefinitions,guidelinesandpracticesusedfordeterminingprovedreservesatcompanylevel,forinstanceaspublishedbytheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionnordoesitnecessarilyrepresenttheEI’sviewofprovedreservesbycountry.Ratherthedataserieshasbeencompiledusingacombinationofprimaryofficialsourcesandthird-partydata.Oilreservesincludefieldcondensateandnaturalgasliquidsaswellascrudeoil.ThisinclusiveapproachhelpstodevelopconsistencywiththeoilproductionnumberspublishedintheReview,whichalsoincludethesecategoriesofoil.ThereservesandR/PratioforCanadaincludesCanadianoilsandsandthereservesandR/PratioforVenezuelaincludestheOrinocoBelt.Liquidhydrocarbonfuelsfromnon-hydrocarbonsources,suchasethanolfromcornorsugarorsyntheticoilderivedfromnaturalgas(so-calledGTLorgas-to-liquids),arenotincludedineitherthereservesorproductionseries.Wehaveprovidedadetailedexplanatorynoteonreservesclarifyingcurrentdefinitionsandterminology.R/Pratiosrepresentthelengthoftimethatthoseremainingreserveswouldlastifproductionweretocontinueatthepreviousyear’srate.Theyarecalculatedbydividingremainingreservesattheendoftheyearbytheproductioninthatyear.Reserves-to-production(R/P)ratiosareavailablebycountryandfeatureinthetableofoilreserves.Thereisatimeseriesofcrudeoilreservesfrom1980,whichcanbefoundintheExcelworkbook.Dataaremeasuredinthousandmillionbarrels.Pleasenotethatthesereservestableshavenotbeenupdatedthisyear.OilproductionOilproductiondataincludescrudeoil,shaleoil,oilsands,condensates(leasecondensateorgascondensatesthatrequirefurtherrefining)andNGLs(naturalgasliquids–ethane,LPGandnaphthaseparatedfromtheproductionofnaturalgas).Excludesliquidfuelsfromothersourcessuchasbiofuelsandsyntheticderivativesofcoalandnaturalgas.Thisalsoexcludesliquidfueladjustmentfactorssuchasrefineryprocessinggain.Excludesoilshales/kerogenextractedinsolidform.Thesplitofcrude/condensateandnaturalgasliquidsfiguresareavailable.Thecrudecondensatetableincludescrudeoil,shale/tightoil,oilsands,leasecondensateorgascondensatesthatrequirefurtherrefining.Excludesliquidfuelsfromothersourcessuchasbiomassandsyntheticderivativesofcoalandnaturalgas.TheNGL’stableincludesethane,LPGandnaphthaseparatedfromtheproductionofnaturalgas.Excludescondensates.Worldoilproductiontablesareavailableinboththousandbarrelsdailyandmilliontonnes.Liquids,oilandoilproductconsumptionOilconsumptionasdefinedinpreviousStatisticalReviews(i.e.includingbiofuels)hasbeenrenamed‘liquids’consumptionandatableisstillincludedonthisoriginalbasis.Inaddition,moregranularityhasbeenincludedontheproductsplitofbothoilproductsandbiofuels(breakingoutethane&LPGandnaphthainoilproductsandtheethanol/biodieselsplitofbiofuels).Totalliquidsconsumptioncomprisesinlanddemandplusinternationalaviationandmarinebunkersandrefineryfuelandloss.Consumptionofbiogasoline(suchasethanol),biodieselandderivativesofcoalandnaturalgasarealsoincluded.Oilconsumptionfiguresincludeinlanddemandplusinternationalaviationandmarinebunkersandrefineryfuelandloss.Consumptionofbiogasoline(suchasethanol),biodieselandderivativesofcoalandnaturalgasareexcluded.Derivativesofcoalandnaturalgasareincluded.Oilproductconsumption–Gasolineincludesmotorandaviationgasoline,gasolinesandlightdistillatefeedstock(LDF).Diesel/gasoilincludesmarinegasoil.‘Fueloil’includesmarinebunkersandcrudeoiluseddirectlyforfuel.‘Others’consistsofrefinerygas,solvents,petroleumcoke,lubricants,bitumen,wax,otherrefinedproductsandrefineryfuelandloss.Dataaresuppliedinbothexajoulesandthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.OilpricesThekeycrudesquotedareBrent,WestTexasIntermediate(WTI),NigerianFocadosandDubaiinUS$perbarrel.Thespotcrudepricehistoryfrom1972andannualcrudepricehistoryfrom1861areavailableinthehistoricaldataExcelworkbook.UsingS&PGlobalPlattsdataTheredistributionorreproductionofdatawhosesourceisS&PGlobalPlattsisstrictlyprohibitedwithoutpriorauthorisationfromS&PGlobalPlatts.Email:support@platts.comRefiningTherefinerycapacitydatapresentedinthisReviewrepresentsthesumofreportedatmosphericcrudedistillationandcondensatesplittingcapacity.Capacityshouldcomprisetheamountofinputthatadistillationfacilitycanprocessunderusualoperatingconditions,takingintoaccountscheduleddowntime.Figuresareinthousandbarrelsdailyatyearendpercalendarday.Refinerythroughputsarebasedonthequantityofcrudeandcondensateprocessedinatmosphericdistillationunitsandcondensatesplitters.Figuresareinthousandsofbarrelsperday.Therefiningmarginspresentedarebenchmarkmarginsforthreemajorglobalrefiningcentres:USGulfCoast(USGC),NorthWestEurope(NWE–Rotterdam)andSingapore.Ineachcasetheyarebasedonasinglecrudeoilappropriateforthatregionandhaveoptimisedproductyieldsbasedonagenericrefineryconfiguration(cracking,hydrocrackingorcoking),againappropriateforthatregion.Themarginsareonasemi-variablebasis,i.e.themarginafterallvariablecostsandfixedenergycosts.BacktocontentsMethodologyEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202357OiltrademovementsThetablesexcludetheintra-areamovementsofoil(forexample,crudeoilandproductsmovingbetweencountrieswithinEurope).Theydonotincludebiofuels.Bunkersfuelisnotincludedasexports.Crudeimportsandexportsincludecondensates.SaudiArabianexportsfrom1980arealsoavailableintheoiltrademovementstableintheExcelworkbook.Thesplitofcrudeoilandproductsaredetailed.Datainthetablesareinmilliontonnesandthousandbarrelsperday.NaturalgasNaturalgasreservesTotalprovedreservesofnaturalgasaregenerallytakentobethosequantitiesthatgeologicalandengineeringinformationindicateswithreasonablecertaintycanberecoveredinthefuturefromknownreservoirsunderexistingeconomicandoperatingconditions.Thedataseriesforprovednaturalgasreservesinthisyear’sReviewdoesnotnecessarilymeetthedefinitions,guidelinesandpracticesusedfordeterminingprovedreservesatcompanylevel,forinstanceaspublishedbytheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionnordoesitnecessarilyrepresenttheEI’sviewofprovedreservesbycountry.Rather,thedataserieshasbeencompiledusingacombinationofprimaryofficialsourcesandthird-partydata.Althougheveryeffortismadetocomeupwithaconsistentseriesforreservesbasedonacommondefinition,differentcountriesusedifferentmethodologiesandthedatahavevaryinglevelsofreliability.R/Pratiosrepresentthelengthoftimethatthoseremainingreserveswouldlastifproductionweretocontinueatthepreviousyear’srate.Theyarecalculatedbydividingremainingreservesattheendoftheyearbytheproductioninthatyear.Asfaraspossible,thedatarepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar)andhavebeenstandardisedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3.Thereisatimeseriesofnaturalgasreserves,whichcanbefoundintheExcelworkbook.Dataaremeasuredinbillioncubicmetres.Pleasenotethatthesereservestableshavenotbeenupdatedthisyear.NaturalgasproductionGasproductioncomprisesmarketedproductionandexcludesgasflaredorrecycledgas.Includesnaturalgasproducedforgas-to-liquidstransformation.Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar);astheyarederiveddirectlyfromtonnesofoilequivalentusinganaverageconversionfactorandhavebeenstandardisedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3,theydonotnecessarilyequatewithgasvolumesexpressedinspecificnationalterms.Naturalgasproductionisprovidedinthreedifferentunitsofmeasurementtoaccommodateregionalcustomaryusage.WorldnaturalgasproductionPDFtablesareinbothbillioncubicmetres,andexajoules.DataintheExcelworkbookarealsoinbillioncubicfeetperday(bcf/d).NaturalgasconsumptionNaturalgasconsumptionexcludesnaturalgasconvertedtoliquidfuelsbutincludesderivativesofcoalaswellasnaturalgasconsumedingas-to-liquidstransformation.Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar);astheyarederiveddirectlyfromtonnesofoilequivalentusinganaverageconversionfactorandhavebeenstandardisedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3theydonotnecessarilyequatewithgasvolumesexpressedinspecificnationalterms.Thedifferencebetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandtheworldproductionstatisticsisduetovariationsinstocksatstoragefacilitiesandliquefactionplants,togetherwithunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofgassupplyanddemanddata.ConsumptiondatainthePDFdatatableisinbillioncubicmeters(bcm)andexajoules,datainbillioncubicfeetperday(bcf/d)canbefoundintheExcelworkbook.NaturalgaspricesAnnualpricesaregivenforbenchmarknaturalgashubstogetherwithcontractedpipelineandLNGimports.ThebenchmarkhubpricesincorporateUS(HenryHub),Canada(Alberta),NetherlandsTTFindexandtheUK(NBP).ContractpricesarerepresentedbyLNGimportsintoJapan,theJapanKoreaMarker(JKM)andAverageGermanImportPrices.ThepricesforLNGandEuropeanborderarecalculatedasCIFprices,whereCIF=cost+insurance+freight(averagefreightprices)inUSdollarspermillionBritishthermalunits(Btu).NaturalgastrademovementsTradeflowsareonacontractualbasisandmaynotcorrespondtophysicalgasflowsinallcases.ThedataillustratestheflowofpipelinenaturalgasandLNGbetweensourcesofproductionandtheregionsofconsumption.LNGtrade.Asfaraspossible,thedatarepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15ºCand1013mbar)andhasbeenstandardisedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3.CoalCoalreservesTotalprovedreservesofcoalaregenerallytakentobethosequantitiesthatgeologicalandengineeringinformationindicateswithreasonablecertainlycanberecoveredinthefuturefromknowndepositsunderexistingeconomicandoperatingconditions.Totalprovedcoalreservesareshownforanthraciteandbituminous(includingbrowncoal)andsub-bituminousandlignite.Reserves-to-production(R/P)ratiosrepresentthelengthoftimethatthoseremainingreserveswouldlastifproductionweretocontinueatthepreviousyear’srate.Theyarecalculatedbydividingremainingreservesattheendoftheyearbytheproductioninthatyear.TheR/Pratiosarecalculatedexcludingothersolidfuelsinreservesandproduction.R/Pratiosareavailablebycountryandfeatureinthetableofcoalreserves.R/PratiosfortheregionandtheworldaredepictedinthechartaboveandtheEnergychartingtool.Coalreservedataisinmilliontonnes.Pleasenotethatthesereservestableshavenotbeenupdatedthisyear.CoalproductionCoalproductionincludesdataforcommercialsolidfuelsonly.Includedinthehardcoalcategoryarebituminousandanthracite(hardcoal).Thesub-bituminouscoalincludesligniteandbrowncoal.Othercommercialsolidfuelsarealsoincluded.Thedataincludescoalproducedforcoal-to-liquidsandcoal-to-gastransformations.InthecoalproductionPDFtable,theunitsareinexajoules.ThedatacanalsobedownloadedfromtheExcelworkbookinmilliontonnes.CoalconsumptionCoalconsumptionincludesdataforsolidfuelsonly.Includedinthehardcoalcategoryarebituminousandanthracite.Thesub-bituminouscoalincludesligniteandbrowncoal.Othercommercialsolidfuelsarealsoincluded.Thefiguresexcludecoalconvertedtoliquidorgaseousfuels,butincludescoalconsumedintransformationprocesses.Differencesbetweenworldconsumptionfiguresandtheworldproductionstatisticsareaccountedforbystockchanges,andunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofcoalsupplyanddemanddata.CoalpricesAnnualpricesquotedincludetheNorthwestEuropemarkerprice,JapansteamspotCIFprice,ChinaQinhuangdaospotpriceandtheUSCentralAppalachiancoalspotpriceindex.CoalpricesexceptfortheUSCentralAppalachianpricearecalculatedasCIFprices,whereCIF=cost+insurance+freight(averagefreightprices).TheUSCentralAppalachianpriceisFOB=freeonboard.AllpricesarequotedinUSdollarspertonne.IHSNorthwestEuropepricesfor1996-2000aretheaverageofthemonthlymarker,2001-2017theaverageofweeklyprices.IHSJapanpricesbasis=6,000kilocaloriesperkilogramNARCIF.Chinesepricesaretheaveragemonthlypricefor2000-2005,weeklyprices2006-2017,5,500kilocaloriesperkilogramNAR,includingcostandfreight(CFR).CoaltrademovementsCommercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.Intra-areamovements(forexample,betweencountriesinEurope,OtherCIS,OtherAfrica,OtherAsiaPacific)areexcluded.NuclearenergyThedataarebasedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.’Input-equivalent’energyistheamountoffuelthatwouldberequiredbythermalpowerstationstogeneratethereportedelectricityoutput.Detailsonthermalefficiencyassumptionsareavailableonline.DatafortheunitsareinexajoulesinthePDF.ThedataareavailableintheExcelworkbookinterawatt–hours(TWh).HydroelectricityThedataarebasedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.‘Input-equivalent’energyistheamountoffuelthatwouldberequiredbythermalpowerstationstogeneratethereportedelectricityoutput.Detailsonthermalefficiencyassumptionsareavailableonline.InthehydroelectricityconsumptionPDFtable,theunitsareinexajoules.ThedataareavailableintheExcelworkbookinterawatt-hours(TWh).Backtocontents58EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023MethodologyRenewableenergyThedataarebasedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.‘Input-equivalent’energyistheamountoffuelthatwouldberequiredbythermalpowerstationstogeneratethereportedelectricityoutput.Detailsonthermalefficiencyassumptionsareavailableonline.Renewablepowerisbasedongrossgenerationfromrenewablesourcesincludingwind,geothermal,solar,biomassandwaste,andnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.BiofuelsproductionandconsumptionThedataincludesbiogasoline(suchasethanol)andbiodiesel.Volumeshavebeenadjustedforenergycontent.ThebiofuelsPDFtablesareinthousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperdayfigures.ThedataareavailableinadditionalunitsintheExcelworkbook.ElectricityElectricitygenerationisbasedongrossoutput.CarbonCarbonemissionsfromprimaryenergyuseareestimatedbyapplyingtheDefaultCO2EmissionFactorsforCombustiontotheconsumptionofeachenergyproducttype(coal,naturalgasandvariousoilproducts)fromthelistofIPCCemissionfactors.BiofuelsareconsideredasnotemittingCO2,consistentwiththepracticeoftheIEA.Second,therevisedmethodtakesaccountoffuelconsumptionusedfornon-combustionpurposes,suchastheuseofoilproductsandnaturalgasinthepetrochemicalsindustryorofoiltoproducebitumenforroadconstruction.Estimatesoftheshareofnon-combustedfossilfuelstakenfromtheIEA’senergybalancesaresubtractedfromthetotalconsumptionoffossilfuelsbeforeapplyingtherelevantemissionfactors.Carbonemissionsfromflarednaturalgasarecalculatedusingdataseriesonvolumesofgasflaredfromtwosources:Cedigazupto2012,andthePayneInstituteforPublicPolicy,ColoradoSchoolofMines,from2013onward.PayneInstitute’sdataincludeflaringfromupstream,downstreamoilandgas,whileCedigazincludeflaringfromupstreamonly.VolumesofgasflaredhavebeenstandardisedusingaGrossCalorificValue(GCV)of40MJ/m3.TheIPCCDefaultCO2EmissionFactorforCombustionfornaturalgas(56,100kgCO2perTJ)isusedandperfectcombustionhasbeenassumed.Theseemissionsrepresentaround1%oftotalCO2emissions.Dataformethaneemissionsassociatedwiththeproduction,transportationanddistributionoffossilfuelsfor1990-2020aresourced,whereavailable,fromIEA(2021,2022)GreenhouseGasEmissionsfromEnergy(allrightsreserved).Foraselectednumberoffossilfuel-producingcountrieswheremethaneemissiondataisnotcurrentlyavailable,anestimateofhistoricalmethaneemissionshasbeenderivedusingregionalaveragemethaneintensityofproduction.For2021,methaneemissionestimatesarederivedforallcountriesusingmethaneintensityoffossilfuelproductionin2020.TotalmethaneemissionsataglobalandregionallevelshowadiscrepancywithIEAdataduetonon-inclusionofresidualemissionsi.e.emissionswhichhavenotbeenallocatedtonamedcountries.Thereisawiderangeofuncertaintywithrespecttobothcurrentestimatesofmethaneemissionsandtheglobalwarmingpotentialofmethaneemissions.Toensurealignmentwithfinancialandgovernmentreportingstandards,themethanetoCO2efactorisa100-yearGlobalWarmingPotential(GWP)of25,recommendedbytheIPCCinAR4.Carbonemissionsfromindustrialprocessesreferonlytonon-energyCO2emissionsfromcementproductionandaresourcedfor1990-2021fromAndrew,R.M.(2019)GlobalCO2emissionsfromcementproduction,1928-2018.EarthSystemScienceData11,1675-1710,(updateddatasetMay2022).MineralsTotalprovedreservesofmineralsaregenerallytakentobethosequantitiesthatgeologicalandengineeringinformationindicateswithreasonablecertaintycanberecoveredinthefuturefromknownresourcesunderexistingeconomicandgeologicalconditions.Thedataseriesformineralreservesinthisyear’sreviewdoesnotnecessarilymeetthedefinitions,guidelinesandpracticesusedfordeterminingprovedreservesatcompanylevelnordoesitnecessarilyrepresenttheEI’sviewofprovedreservesbycountry.Ratherthedataserieshasbeencompiledusingacombinationofprimaryofficialsourcesandthird-partydata.RevisionsandcorrectionsEachyearrevisionsaremadetohistoricaldatawhenupdatedormorereliabledatasourcesbecomeavailable.Correctionsarealsomadewhenerrorsareidentifiedindata.InthisStatisticalReviewcorrectionshavebeenmadetotheemissions,biofuels,historicoilpricesandoilrefinerythroughputtables.AppendicesApproximateconversionfactorsCrudeoilFromTotonnes(metric)kilolitresbarrelsUSgallonstonnesperyearMultiplybyTonnes(metric)11.1657.33307.86–Kilolitres0.858116.2898264.17–Barrels0.13640.159142–USgallons0.003250.00380.02381–Barrels/day––––49.8Basedonworldwideaveragegravity.Naturalgas(NG)andliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)FromToconvertbillioncubicmetresNGbillioncubicfeetNGpetajoulesNGmilliontoemilliontonnesLNGtonnestogigajoulestonnestobarrelsoilequivalentMultiplyby1billionm3NG1.00035.31536.0000.8600.73534.1215.8831billionft3NG0.0281.0001.0190.0240.0210.9660.1671petajouleNG0.0280.9811.0000.0240.0210.9520.1641milliontoe1.16341.07141.8681.0000.85539.6836.8421milliontonnesLNG1.36048.02848.7471.1691.00046.4058.0011trillionBtu0.0291.0351.0500.0250.0221.0000.1721millionboe0.1706.0036.0930.1460.1255.8001.000Units1metrictonne=2204.62lb.=1.1023shorttons1kilolitre=6.2898barrels1kilolitre=1cubicmetre1kilocalorie(kcal)=4.1868kJ=3.968Btu1kilojoule(kJ)=1,000joules=0.239kcal=0.948Btu1petajoule(PJ)=1quadrillionjoules(1x1015)1exajoule(EJ)=1quintillionjoules(1x1018)1Britishthermalunit(Btu)=0.252kcal=1.055kJ1barrelofoilequivalent(boe)=5.8millionBtu=6.119millionkJ1kilowatt-hour(kWh)=860kcal=3600kJ=3412BtuCalorificequivalentsOneexajouleequalsapproximately:Heatunits239trillionkilocalories948trillionBtuSolidfuels40milliontonnesofhardcoal95milliontonnesofligniteandsub-bituminouscoalGaseousfuelsSeeNaturalgasandLNGtableElectricity278terawatt-hoursAllfuelenergycontentisnetorlowerheatingvalue(i.e.,netofheatofvaporisationofwatergeneratedfromcombustion).1barrelofethanol=0.58barrelsofoilequivalent1barrelofbiodiesel=0.86barrelsofoilequivalent1tonneofethanol=0.68tonneofoilequivalent1tonneofbiodiesel=0.88tonneofoilequivalentOthertermsTonnes:MetricequivalentoftonsPercentagesCalculatedbeforeroundingofactuals.RoundingdifferencesBecauseofrounding,sometotalsmaynotagreeexactlywiththesumoftheircomponentparts.OilproductsFromToconvertbarrelstotonnestonnestobarrelskilolitrestotonnestonnestokilolitrestonnestogigajoulestonnestobarrelsoilequivalentMultiplybyEthane0.05916.8500.3732.67949.4008.073Liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)0.08611.6000.5411.84946.1507.542Gasoline0.1208.3500.7531.32844.7507.313Kerosene0.1277.8800.7981.25343.9207.177Gasoil/diesel0.1347.4600.8431.18643.3807.089Residualfueloil0.1576.3500.9911.01041.5706.793Productbasket0.1248.0580.7811.28143.0767.039Basedonworldwideaveragegravity.EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202359DefinitionsRegionaldefinitionsCountrygroupingsaremadepurelyforstatisticalpurposesandarenotintendedtoimplyanyjudgmentaboutpoliticaloreconomicstandings.NorthAmericaUS(excludingUSterritories),Canada,Mexico.CaribbeanAtlanticislandsbetweentheUSGulfCoastandSouthAmerica,includingPuertoRico,USVirginIslandsandBermuda.CentralAmericaBelize,CostaRica,ElSalvador,Guatemala,Honduras,Nicaragua,Panama.SouthandCentralAmericaCaribbean(includingPuertoRicoandUSVirginIslands),Bermuda,CentralandSouthAmerica.EuropeEuropeanmembersoftheOECDplusAlbania,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,Georgia,Gibraltar,Latvia,Lithuania,Malta,Montenegro,NorthMacedonia,Romania,SerbiaandUkraine.CommonwealthofIndependentStates(CIS)Armenia,Azerbaijan,Belarus,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Moldova,RussianFederation,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan.MiddleEastArabianPeninsula,Iran,Iraq,Israel,Jordan,Lebanon,Syria.NorthernAfricaTerritoriesonthenorthcoastofAfricafromEgypttoWesternSahara.EasternAfricaTerritoriesontheeastcoastofAfricafromSudantoMozambique.AlsoMadagascar,Malawi,Uganda,Zambia,Zimbabwe.MiddleAfricaAngola,Cameroon,CentralAfricanRepublic,Chad,DemocraticRepublicofCongo,RepublicofCongo,EquatorialGuinea,Gabon,SaoTome&Principe.WesternAfricaTerritoriesonthewestcoastofAfricafromMauritaniatoNigeria,includingBurkinaFaso,CapeVerde,MaliandNiger.SouthernAfricaBotswana,Eswatini,Lesotho,Namibia,SouthAfrica.AsiaPacificBrunei,Cambodia,China†,ChinaHongKongSAR,ChinaMacauSAR,Indonesia,Japan,Laos,Malaysia,Mongolia,NorthKorea,Philippines,Singapore,SouthAsia(Afghanistan,Bangladesh,India,Myanmar,Nepal,PakistanandSriLanka),SouthKorea,Taiwan,Thailand,Vietnam,Australia,NewZealand,PapuaNewGuineaandOceania.†MainlandChinaSpecialAdministrativeRegionAustralasiaAustralia,NewZealand.OECDmembers(OrganizationForEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)Europe:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Türkiye,UK.Othermembercountries:Australia,Canada,Chile,Colombia,CostaRica,Israel,Japan,Mexico,NewZealand,SouthKorea,US.OPECmembers(OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries)MiddleEast:Iran,Iraq,Kuwait,SaudiArabia,UnitedArabEmirates.NorthAfrica:Algeria,Libya.WestAfrica:Angola,EquatorialGuinea,Gabon,Nigeria,RepublicofCongo.SouthAmerica:Venezuela.EuropeanUnionmembersAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,RepublicofIreland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden.Non-OECD(OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)AllcountriesthatarenotmembersoftheOECD.Backtocontents60EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023MoreinformationAcknowledgementsQuotingfromthereviewPublishersarewelcometoquotefromthisreviewprovidedthattheyattributethesourcetoEnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2023.However,forextensivereproductionoftablesand/orcharts,permissionmustfirstbeobtainedfrom:EIStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy61NewCavendishStreetLondonW1G7ARstatisticalreview@energyinst.orgTheredistributionorreproductionofdatawhosesourceisS&PGlobalPlattsisstrictlyprohibitedwithoutpriorauthorisationfromS&PGlobalPlatts.TheEnergyInstitutedisclaimsanyobligationtoupdatethisreviewortocorrectanyinaccuracieswhichmaybecomeapparent.NeithertheEnergyInstitute(northeirrespectiveofficers,employeesandagents)acceptliabilityforanyinaccuraciesoromissionsorforanydirect,indirect,special,consequentialorotherlossesordamagesofwhatsoeverkindinconnectiontothisrevieworanyinformationcontainedinit.StatisticspublishedinthisReviewaretakenfromgovernmentsourcesandpublisheddata.NouseismadeofconfidentialinformationobtainedbytheEnergyInstituteoritspartnersinthecourseoftheirbusiness.ProducedbyTheEnergyInstitute(EI)isthecharteredprofessionalmembershipbodyforpeoplewhoworkacrosstheworldofenergy.Ourpurposeiscreatingabetterenergyfutureforourmembersandsocietybyacceleratingajustglobalenergytransitiontonetzero.www.energyinst.orgKPMGfirmsofferaudit,taxandadvisoryservicesin143countriesandterritoriesacrosstheglobe.It’sourpeoplewhomakethedifference.Everyday,they’rehelpingorganisationsacrosseverysectoracceleratetheirdigitaltransformation,managerisks,driveforwardwiththeirESGstrategiesanddrivesustainablegrowth.www.kpmg.comKearneyisaleadingglobalmanagementconsultingfirm.Fornearly100years,wehavebeenatrustedadvisortoC-suites,governmentbodies,andnonprofitorganizations.Ourpeoplemakeuswhoweare.Driventobethedifferencebetweenabigideaandmakingithappen,wehelpourclientsbreakthrough.www.kearney.comDatacompilationbyHeriot-WattUniversityisaglobalresearch-leduniversitybasedintheUK,withfivecampusesinEdinburgh,theScottishBorders,Orkney,DubaiandMalaysia.Wearespecialistsinbusiness,engineering,designandthephysical,social,sports,environmentalandlifesciencessubjectswhichmakearealimpactontheworldandsociety.www.hw.ac.ukWiththecontinuingsupportofbp.InpartnershipwithBacktocontentsDesignandproduction:thebigwindow.co.ukISSN2976-7857ISBN9781787253797©EnergyInstitute2023