LeadershipRiskAdvisoryTheTrendofSustainableInvestingSeptember20222022年9月可持續投資的趨勢2TheTrendofSustainableInvestingContents目錄A.Background背景04B.CurrentESGReportingEnvironment目前的環境、社會及管治(ESG)匯報環境14C.ISSB’sConsultationPapers國際可持續準則理事會諮詢文件17D.WheredoesHongKongStand?香港如何定位?28E.LookingintotheFuture展望未來40F.AboutGrantThornton致同簡介42Section章節Page頁數Background背景1.HistoricalTrendsinGlobalMonthlySurfaceTemperatures(1851-2020)(visualcapitalist.com)2.GlobalTemperatureVitalSigns–ClimateChange:VitalSignsofthePlanet(nasa.gov)1.全球月地表溫度的歷史趨勢(1851-2020)(visualcapitalist.com)2.全球氣溫生命跡象—氣候變化︰地球的生命跡象(nasa.gov)4TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting5Background背景AClimatechangeishavingasignificantimpactaroundtheglobeinrecentdecades.Since1880,theEarth’saveragesurfacetemperaturehasrisenby0.07°C(32.126°F)everydecade.Inaddition,therateoftemperaturechangehasgrownmoredramaticovertime—morethandoublingto0.18°C(32.324°F)since1981.1Earth’ssurfacecontinuestosignificantlywarmup,withrecentglobaltemperaturesbeingthehottestinthepast2,000-plusyears.2在近數十年,氣候變化為全球各地帶來了重大影響。自1880年起,地表溫度每十年增加攝氏0.07度(華氏32.126度);而氣溫增幅自1981年起1更是越來越驚人,升至攝氏0.18度(華氏32.324度),足足一倍有餘。地表溫度持續大幅上升,近期,世界各地更錄得過去二千多年來最高溫度。2Climatechange氣候變化198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020216TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting73.30ESGAndSustainableInvestingStatistics(April2022Update)-SustainFiSource:NASA’sGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudies(GISS)來源︰美國太空總署的哥達德太空研究所3.30項ESG及可持續投資統計數據(於2022年4月更新)-SustainFiTheclimatechangewhichalsocausesincreasedsealevelcomeswithincreasedphysicalrisksarisingfromnaturaldisastersuchastyphoonsandtsunamis,etc.Asaresult,countriesaroundtheworldarenowputtinginlotsofeffortstodevelopamoregreenandsustainableeconomy.Asglobalactiontowardsachievingsustainabilityeconomygainmomentum,investorsaroundtheglobehavebecomemore“green”focus.Wehaveseentheincreaseddemandofgreenandsustainableinvestmentproductsandhenceanincreasedsupplyinsustainableinvestments.MarkettrendofsustainableinvestmentWiththeincreaseindemandandhencesupplyforsustainableinvestment,globalsustainableinvestmentreachedUSD35.3trillioninEurope,UnitedStates,Canada,AustralasiaandJapan,representinga15%increasefrom2018ofUSD30.7trillionanda55%increasefrom2016ofUSD22.8trillion.Thetotalglobalassetsundermanagementin2020amountedtoUSD98.4trillionwithsustainableinvestmentofUSD35.3trillionrepresenting35.9%oftotalAUM.Whencomparedagainst2020figures,sustainableinvestmentonlyAUMamountedtoUSD30.7trillionin2018,representing33.4%oftotalAUMoftheregionsofUSD91.8trillion.AccordingtoMorningstarDirect,globalESGfundassetsincreasedtoUSD2.74trillioninDecember2021,upfromUSD1.65trillionattheendof2020andUSD1.28trillionattheendof2019.3GlobalLand-OceanTemperatureIndexAnnualMeanYEAR00.40.60.811.2氣候變化不但導致海平面上升,亦增加了颱風及海嘯等自然災害的實質風險,因此,世界各國正投入大量人力物力,發展更環保和可持續的經濟。隨着全球加緊推動可持續經濟,各地投資者亦轉而放眼於「綠色投資」,以致綠色及可持續投資產品的需求更見殷切,刺激可持續投資項目供應上升。可持續投資的市場趨勢隨着可持續投資的需求和供應先後上升,歐洲、美國、加拿大、大洋洲及日本的全球可持續投資達35.3兆美元,相比2018年的30.7兆美元及2016年的22.8兆美元,分別增加了15%及55%。2020年,全球管理資產總值達98.4兆美元,其中,可持續投資佔35.9%,即35.3兆美元。相比2020年的數字,該等地區的管理資產總值於2018年為91.8兆美元,當中純屬可持續投資的資產佔33.4%,達30.7兆美元。根據MorningstarDirect,全球環境社會及管治(ESG)基金資產從2019年底的1.28兆美元及2020年底的1.65兆美元,增加至2021年12月的2.74兆美元。3全球地洋溫度指數年全年平均TEMPERATUREANOMALY(°C)反常溫度GlobalsustainableinvestmentatΌଢ̙ܵᚃҳ༟༺ΊߕʩUSD35.3trillionoftotalassetsundermanagementaresustainableinvestments̙ܵᚃҳ༟Ц၍ଣ༟ପᐼ࠽ٙ35.9%8TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting9NOTE:AssetvaluesareexpressedinbillionsofUSdollars.Assetsfor2016werereportedasof31/12/2015forallregionsexceptJapanasof31/03/2016.Assetsfor2018werereportedasof31/12/2017forallregionsexceptJapan,whichreportedasof31/03/2018.Assetsfor2020werereportedasof31/12/2019forallregionsexceptJapan,whichreportedasof31/03/2020.ConversionsfromlocalcurrenciestoUSdollarswereattheexchangeratesprevailingatthedateofreporting.In2020,EuropeincludesAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Denmark,France,Germany,Greece,Italy,Spain,Netherlands,Poland,Portugal,Slovenia,Sweden,theUK,Norway,Switzerland,Liechtenstein.EuropeandAustralasiahaveenactedsignificantchangesinthewaysustainableinvestmentisdefinedintheseregions,sodirectcomparisonsbetweenregionsandwithpreviousversionsofthisreportarenoteasilymade.Snapshotofglobalsustainableinvestingassets,2016-2018-2020(USDbillions)EuropeAustralasiaUnitedStatesJapanCanadaTotal(USDbillions)REGION12,04014,07512,0178,72311,99517,0811,0861,6992,4235167349064742,1802,87422,83930,68335,301201620182020註︰資產價值以十億美元計。所有地區的2016年資產匯報均截至2015年12月31日為止,惟日本截至2016年3月31日止。所有地區的2018年資產匯報均截至2017年12月31日為止,惟日本截至2018年3月31日止。所有地區的2020年資產匯報均截至2019年12月31日為止,惟日本截至2020年3月31日止。當地貨幣按匯報當日的現行匯率換算為美元。於2020年,歐洲包括奧地利、比利時、保加利亞、丹麥、法國、德國、希臘、意大利、西班牙、荷蘭、波蘭、葡萄牙、斯洛文尼亞、瑞典、英國、挪威、瑞士、列支敦士登。由於歐洲及大洋洲對該等地區的可持續投資的定義方式實施了重大變動,故難以在不同地區之間以及與本報告的過往版本進行直接比較。2016年-2018年-2020年全球可持續投資資產概覽(十億美元)歐洲大洋洲美國日本加拿大總計(十億美元)地區NOTE:AssetvaluesareexpressedinbillionsofUSdollars.GlobalassetsarebasedondatareportedbyEurope,US,Canada,Australia,NewZealandandJapanforthepurposeofthe2016,2018and2020GSIRs.Snapshotofglobalassetsundermanagement2016-2018-2020(USDbillions)TotalAUMofregionsTotalsustainableinvestmentsonlyAUM%SustainableinvestmentsIncreaseof%sustainableinvestments(comparedtopriorperiod)REGION81,94891,82898,41622,87230,68335,30127.9%33.4%35.9%5.5%2.5%201620182020註︰資產價值以十億美元計。就2016年、2018年及2020年的全球可持續投資回顧而言,全球資產依據歐洲、美國、加拿大、澳洲、新西蘭及日本所匯報的數據作為基礎。2016年-2018年-2020年全球管理資產概覽(十億美元)所有地區的管理資產總值純屬可持續投資的管理資產總值可持續投資的百分比(相比上一期間)可持續投資的百分比增幅地區Source:GlobalSustainableInvestmentReview2020(http://www.gsi-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/GSIR-20201.pdf)Source:GlobalSustainableInvestmentReview2020(http://www.gsi-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/GSIR-20201.pdf)資料來源︰《2020年全球可持續投資回顧》(http://www.gsi-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/GSIR-20201.pdf)資料來源︰《2020年全球可持續投資回顧》(http://www.gsi-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/GSIR-20201.pdf)10TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting11GlobalESGfundassets(inUSDtrillion)全球環境、社會及管治(ESG)基金資產(兆美元)Accordingto2019surveyconductedbyMorganStanleyof800U.S.individualswithminimuminvestableassetsofUSD100,000,amongindividualinvestors,fourkeyfindingsemerged:(i).Investors'interestinsustainableinvestingandadoptioncontinuestorise,(ii).Investorswantproductsthatmatchtheirinterests,(iii).Investors'convictionoutweighsfinancialtrade-offconcerns,and(iv).Investorswantmoreproductchoices.Ofthosesurveyed,86%oftheinvestorsbelievethatcorporateESGpracticescanpotentiallyleadtohigherprofitabilityandmaybebetterlong-terminvestments,andmostimportantly,88%ofinvestorsbelievethatitispossibletobalancefinancialgainswithafocusonsocialandenvironmentalimpacts.4InChina,between1978and2015,ChinainvestedatotalofUSD378.5billionin16majorsustainabilityprogrammes,mostofitinthelatter20years.Theinvestmentinvolvedmorethan500millionpeopleandfarexceedsanyothernationalsustainabilityprogrammes.5Ithasbeenfast-trackedsince2016whenChinaintroducedagreenfinancesystem.ChinesePresidentXiJinpinghasannouncedinMarch2020,aimingtohitcarbonemissionpeakby2030andachievecarbonneutralityby2060.ChinaDevelopmentBank(CDB),China’stoppolicybank,issuedChina’sfirst3-year“carbonneutrality”bondstoglobalinvestorswithanissuingsizeofRMB20billion(USD310million)inMarch2021.Thefundswillbeusedforgreenprojectsthatreducecarbonemissions.6China’ssustainablefundassetssoarednearly80%toanall-timehighofRMB339billion(USD53.55billion)inthefirstninemonthsof2021asBeijing’splantoachievenetzerocarbonemissionsdroverecordinflowsintothefunds7.InHongKong,greenbondissuancetopped$2billionin2020.Therewere15internationallyalignedgreenbondsandonegreenloan–thehighestnumberofdealsfromHongKongissuerssofar,accordingtotheClimateBondsInitiative.HongKonghasbeenseekingtosupportthegrowthofAsia’ssustainablefinancialmarketbyincreasingawareness,accessibility,dataavailability,andtransparencyofgreenandsustainableinvestmentproducts.CompaniesinHongKongareincreasinglyincentivisedtoembraceESGpractices.8Basedontheabove,wecanseethattheintegrationofESGintoinvestmentproductsisnowacrucialstrategyandpeoplearenowpayingmoreattentiontolong-termsustainabledevelopmentinsteadofsolelyshort-termfinancialreturnintheirinvestmentdecisions.摩根士丹利於2019年開展調查,訪問了800名可投資資產不少於100,000美元的美國個人投資者,發現四項關鍵調查結果︰(i).投資者對可持續投資及實踐的興趣有增無減、(ii).投資者期望產品符合他們的利益、(iii).投資者信念超越財務權衡的憂慮,以及(iv).投資者希望有更多產品選擇。在受訪人士中,86%的投資者認為企業的ESG實踐有可能提高盈利能力,並可能帶來更佳的長線投資;更重要的是,88%的投資者認為在取得財務收益的同時,亦可關注社會及環境影響,兩者可以平衡。4在1978年至2015年間,中國在16項重大的可持續發展項目上合共投資了3,785億美元,其中大部分在後20年投資。這些投資涉及5億多人,規模遠超過其他國家的可持續發展計劃。5中國自2016年推出綠色金融體系後,發展一日千里。國家主席習近平於2020年3月宣布,銳意於2030年前達至碳排放峰值,並於2060年前實現碳中和。中國最高政策銀行國家開發銀行於2021年3月向全球投資者發行中國首項為期三年的「碳中和」債券,發行規模達人民幣200億元(3.10億美元),所得資金將投放於減少碳排放的綠色項目上。6北京政府的零碳排放計劃帶來了空前的資金流入,使中國的可持續基金資產飆升近80%,於2021年首九個月達人民幣3,390億元(535.5億美元),打破歷年紀錄。7根據氣候債券倡議組織的數據,在2020年,香港的綠色債券發行量達20億元,當中包括15項符合國際標準的綠色債券及一項綠色貸款,創下香港發行人歷年最高的交易數量。香港一直致力提升有關綠色可持續投資產品的意識、接觸渠道、數據提供及透明度,藉以支持亞洲可持續金融市場的增長,並加強鼓勵香港公司實踐ESG理念。8從上文可見,將ESG融入投資產品之中是現今一項重要策略,投資者在作出投資決定時亦更注重長遠的可持續發展,而非單純着眼於短期的財務回報。020191.281.652.742020Year年20210.511.522.53Source:30ESGAndSustainableInvestingStatistics(April2022Update)-SustainFi5.5LessonsfromChinaonhowtodrivesustainablegrowthWorldEconomicForum(weforum.org)6.ESGMovementAdvancesInChinaGlobalFinanceMagazine(gfmag.com)7.AsiaAssetManagement–TheJournalofInvestments&PensionsChinasustainablefundassetssoartorecordhighAsiaAssetManagement8.HongKongBacksSustainableDevelopmentWithESGFocus(forbes.com)4.SustainabilityToolkit_Investor’sExpectationsSurroundingSustainability,Covington&BurlingLLP,January2020https://www.cov.com/-/media/files/corporate/sustainability-toolkit/sustainability-toolkit--investors-expectations-surrounding-sustainability.pdf資料來源︰30項ESG及可持續投資統計數據(於2022年4月更新)-SustainFi5.中國在推動可持續增長方面的5大經驗世界經濟論壇(weforum.org)6.中國ESG運動邁步向前環球金融雜誌(gfmag.com)7.亞洲資產管理雜誌—投資與退休金期刊中國可持續基金資產飆升創新高(Chinasustainablefundassetssoartorecordhigh)亞洲資產管理雜誌8.香港支持以ESG為重心的可持續發展(forbes.com)4.可持續發展工具包_投資者對可持續發展的期望,Covington&BurlingLLP,2020年1月https://www.cov.com/-/media/files/corporate/sustainability-toolkit/sustainability-toolkit--inves-tors-expectations-surrounding-sustainability.pdf兆美元USDTrillion࠰ಥਗ਼મॶอۆʮ̡ʿ༟ପ၍ଣɛѩცЪλ௪HongKongtoadoptthenewstandardsCompaniesandassetmanagerstogetthemselvesready̙ܵᚃ೯࢝ʿ&4(ҳ༟ٙจᗆ౷ཁ৷&4(מᚣʿᛠᗇცӋᄣ̋อٙΌଢ&4(מᚣۆIncreasedgeneralawarenessinsustainableandESGinvestmentIncreaseindemandforESGdislcousreandassuranceGlobalnewESGdisclosurestandards12TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting13ThenewtrendInvestorawarenessofsustainableandESGinvestinghascontinuetogrow.SuchawarenessisespeciallyacceleratedbytheCovid-19pandemicasinvestorsbecomemorefocusedoncompany’sresilienceandcrisismanagementaswellastheconsiderationoflong-termimpacts.Investorsarelookingforlong-termsustainablefinancialreturnsinthecurrentfast-changingworldwhichisfullofuncertainties.Investorsbelievethatenvironmental,socialandgovernance(ESG)factorswillhaveaprominenteffectonthecompanies’futureincomeoverthelongrun.Giventhechangesininvestors’preferenceandasaresult,therearepressureforcompaniestodisclosemoreinformationonhowtheyareimpactingtheenvironmentandwhattheyaredoingtocontributetosavetheworldaspartoftheglobaltrendofincreaseinsustainabilityawareness.WeareseeinganincreaseinthedemandforESGassuranceserviceswhichwillenhancethecredibilityandvalueoftheESGreports.Corporationsthatfailtoimplementasustainablebusinessplanmayultimatelyexperiencedoubtsfromtheinvestorsandthuslowerperceivedinvestmentvaluefromthemarket.AsaresultoftheincreaseinsustainabilityawarenessandthedemandforESGassurance,policymakersandregulatorsaroundtheglobeareintroducingnewstandardsinordertomeetthenewtrend.Forexample,theInternationalSustainabilityStandardBoard(ISSB)proposedtwoIFRSSustainabilityDisclosureStandardswhichwillbeimplementedindifferentpartsoftheworlddependingonthelevelofadoptioninlocaljurisdictions.HongKong,beingoneofthemajorfinancialhubsinAsia,welcomesISSB’sproposedstandardsandisengagingwithvariouspartiestoevaluateandgatherfeedbacksonhowtheISSB’sproposeddisclosurerequirementscanbeappliedinHongKong.Withthenewdisclosurestandardscomingonboardsooninthenewfuture,companieswillhavetogetreadythemselvestofaceallthenewchallenges.Onahigherlevel,companieswillhavetoestablishtheirESGstrategy.Forexample,isthereaneedtorevamptheproductstomakeitmoresustainablefocus?DoesthecompanyhaveanESG-friendlyteamstructureandculture?Ontheoperationallevel,companiesmayhavetoevaluatetheirsupplychainandconsideranyESGorsocialimpacts.Companiesmayalsoconsiderclimateriskmitigationplans.Ifnecessary,companiescanseekthird-partyprofessionaladvicetoassistthecompanytoevaluateandimplementalltheESGstrategyandgovernancestructure.Apartfromcompanies,assetmanagerswillalsohavetoaligntheirinvestmentswithinvestors’greenvaluesandsustainabilitypreferencesinordertomeetthedemandfrominvestors.Withtheenhancementindisclosurestandardsintroducedbypolicymakers,itisanticipatedthatassetmanagerswillhavemoretransparentandvaluableinformationtoassesscompanies’sustainablefocuseswiththeaimofachievinglong-terminvestmentreturns.全新趨勢投資者在可持續發展及ESG投資方面的意識不斷提高,尤其因新冠疫情的關係,投資者變得更加重視公司的抗逆能力、危機管理以及對長遠影響的考量,大大提升了相關意識的增速。現今世界瞬息萬變,充斥着不明朗因素,投資者無不追求長遠而可持續的財務回報。投資者相信,環境、社會及管治(ESG)因素長遠會對公司未來的收入產生顯著影響。投資者的偏好改變,迫使公司披露更多資訊說明他們如何為環境帶來影響、為拯救地球環境貢獻力量、以及迎合全球可持續發展意識提高的趨勢。ESG鑑證服務需求上升,將使ESG報告更加可信、更具價值。企業如未能實施可持續的業務計劃,最終可能會令投資者產生疑慮,導致市場對其投資價值的觀感下降。此外,有見可持續發展意識及ESG鑑證需求雙雙增加,全球各地的政策制定者及監管機構正着手推出新標準,以迎合全新的市場趨勢。舉例而言,國際可持續準則理事會(InternationalSustainabilityStandardBoard)提出兩項國際財務報告可持續披露準則,而世界各地將按當地司法管轄區的採納程度予以執行。香港作為亞洲其中一個主要金融中心,歡迎國際可持續準則理事會所提出的準則,目前正與各方溝通加以評估及收集意見,探討如何在香港應用該會建議的披露要求。鑒於新披露準則快將實施,公司必須作好準備應付各種新挑戰。公司高層必須制定ESG策略,例如:是否需要改進產品,使產品更加注重可持續發展?公司的團隊制度和文化是否符合ESG原則?在營運層面上,公司或需評估供應鏈,並考慮各項ESG或社會影響。公司亦可考慮是否需要採納任何氣候風險緩解方案。如有需要,公司可尋求第三方專業意見,以助公司評估和實施所有的ESG策略及管治架構。除了公司外,資產管理人亦須調整投資,迎合投資者的綠色價值觀和可持續偏好,以滿足投資者的需求。隨着政策制定者引入更完善的披露準則,預期資產管理人可獲得更透明和重要的資訊,以評估各公司的可持續發展重點,從而實現長遠的投資回報。CurrentESGReportingEnvironment目前的環境、社會及管治(ESG)匯報環境14TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting15CurrentESGReportingEnvironment目前的環境、社會及管治(ESG)匯報環境BIncreasingdemandforassuranceonESGreportingGiventheincreasingdemandinsustainableinvesting,ESGreportinghasbecomeincreasinglyimportantsoastoprovidethenecessaryinformationforinvestorstomakeinformedinvestmentdecisions.Inadditiontoinformationonclimaterisks,thereisafocusinrecentyearsongovernanceandsocialissuessuchascultureanddiversitytoo.ESGreportsenablecompaniestobemoretransparentabouttherisksandopportunitiestheyarefacingandtheirimpactsonenvironmental,socialandgovernanceaspects.WiththeincreaseinESGreportingrequirements,therewillalsolikelybeanincreaseinthedemandforESGassuranceserviceswhichwillenhancethecredibilityandvalueoftheESGreports.Assuranceprovidesacrucialpartofbuildingthetrustandcredibilityinwhatisbeingdisclosed.WecanforeseethatESGassuranceserviceswillbecomeincreasinglyimportantinthefuture.ESG報告鑑證需求增加鑒於可持續投資的需求上升,ESG報告亦變得更為重要,以便為投資者提供必要的資訊,讓他們作出明智的投資決策。除了氣候風險的資料外,文化及多元化等管治及社會議題在近年亦備受關注。ESG報告有助公司提高透明度,闡述公司面臨的風險和機遇,以及對環境、社會及管治方面造成的影響。ESG報告的要求增多,很可能帶動ESG鑑證服務的需求上升,繼而提高ESG報告的可信性和價值。鑑證服務能發揮重要作用,有助建立披露資料的可信性,提高市場對披露內容的信任程度,預計ESG鑑證服務在可見的未來將日益重要。儘管鑑證是重要的一環,能夠提升ESG報告的價值,但市場普遍認為就氣候披露而言,理想與實際情況存在差距。致同曾於2022年4月發表論文,題為《關於ESG報告的觀點》(PerspectiveonESGReporting),文中總括了六大會計網絡代表的意見(「論文」)。根據論文,上述差距可能有多項成因,而欠缺人才和知識也許是導致差距的主因。目前,市場上普遍缺乏具備專業技能的人才去理解複雜和高度科學為本的數據,而獲取正確和適當的數據亦是一大難題。部分人士聲稱市場上充斥太多數據,因此必須選擇適當的數據,並為數據逐一訂立比重,認為此舉對投資者相當重要,但同時亦可能有人認為,分析模型或所得結果的質素良莠不齊,一般未能達到公司為滿足投資者需求而應有的標準。此外,披露資料的重要性亦是另一爭議所在。究竟如何在廣大的ESG議題中界定孰輕孰重?如何運用重要性的定量數據,歸納出關於敏感度的敍述分析?此外,論文指目前對於ESG相關資訊的報告方式亦有相當廣泛的討論。美洲和亞太區普遍贊成各項披露資料應以不同方式呈報,公司財務報表的匯報內容應與企業可持續發展報告等其他資料來源有所區分,而歐洲、中東和非洲地區則認為,財務報告與管理層敍述應有更清晰一致的聯繫。有人認為,管理層報告內的假設和意見如能與財務報告背後的假設相互緊扣,將會是向前邁進的重要一步。NotwithstandingtheimportanceandthevalueitcancreateforassuranceonESGreporting,thereisaclearagreementingeneralthattherearegapsbetweenwhatisdesiredandwhatisdeliveredwithafocusonclimate.Accordingtoapaper“PerspectiveonESGReporting”publishedbyGrantThorntoninApril2022,whichsummarisedtheviewsofrepresentativesofthesixlargestaccountingnetworks(the“Paper”),thegapsmaybeduetovariousreasons.Lackoftalentsandknowledgemaybeamajorreasonforthegaps.Thereisgenerallyalackofpeoplewiththespecialisedskillsetinthemarkettounderstandcomplexandhighlyscientific-baseddata.Besides,obtainingthecorrectandappropriatedataisachallengeaswell.Whilesomeclaimthattherearetoomuchdataoutthereinthemarketandchoosingtheappropriatedataaswellasgivingweightingineachdataismaterialtotheinvestors,othersmaythinkthatthequalityofmodelsorresultsvariesanddoesnotgenerallymeetthestandardswhichcompaniesneededtomeetinvestors’demand.Anothercontroversialpointismateriality.HowdoyoudefinewhatismaterialintheESGspectrum?Howdoyouincorporatequantitativematerialitydataintoanarrative-basedsensitivityanalysis?Furthermore,accordingtothePaper,therearealsowidediscussiononthewayESG-relatedinformationisreported.WhileintheAmericasandAsiaPacific,therewasawideagreementthatdisclosuresshouldbepackedindifferentwaysandthereshouldbedifferentiationsbetweenwhatisreportedinorwithacompany’sfinancialstatementsandwhatshouldbereportedthroughothersourcessuchasCorporateSustainabilityReports(CSR),inEMEA,therewasaviewthatthelinkbetweenfinancialreportingandthemanagementnarrativeneedstobeclearerandmoreconsistent.Somearguedthatakeystepforwardwouldbeamoreintrinsicconnectionbetweentheassumptionsandviewssetoutinthemanagementreportwiththeassumptionsthatsitbehindfinancialreporting.ISSB’sConsultationPapers國際可持續準則理事會諮詢文件TheTrendofSustainableInvesting1716TheTrendofSustainableInvestingPolicymakers’Responses݁ഄՓ֛٫ٙΫᏐGiventheabove,policymakersaroundtheglobehastokeepupthepaceandconsistentglobalstandardswillbewhatislookingforwardtobyinvestorsgiventhemarketdemand.Wehaveseensomeinitiativesaroundtheglobeinthisdirection.Forexample,inApril2021,theEuropeanCommissionpresentedtheproposalwhichrequiresmandatoryreportingonenvironmentalandsocialimpactsofbusinessactivities,aswellasindependentassuranceonthenon-financialinformationthathasbeenpresented.TheCorporateSustainabilityReportingDirective(CSRD)willrequirealllargecompaniestoreportonsustainabilitypoliciesandperformancefromreportingperiodsstarting2024onwards.Furthermore,theInternationalSustainabilityStandardsBoard(ISSB)recentlylaunchedaconsultationongeneralsustainability-relateddisclosurerequirementsandclimate-relateddisclosurerequirements,fortwoofitsfirstproposedstandards.基於上文所述,在當前的市場需求下,投資者熱切期待全球各地統一準則。因此全球的政策制定者必須跟上步伐,我們留意到,世界各地正循這個方向推行若干措施,例如:歐盟於2021年4月提出議案,要求強制匯報業務活動對環境及社會的影響,並對已呈列的非財務資料進行獨立鑑證。企業可持續發展報告指令(CorporateSustainabilityReportingDirective)將要求所有大型公司,自2024年的報告期間起匯報可持續發展政策及表現。此外,國際可持續準則理事會最近亦為其首批建議中的兩項準則展開諮詢,內容涉及可持續發展相關的一般披露要求,以及與氣候相關的披露要求。ISSB’sConsultationPapers國際可持續準則理事會諮詢文件CWiththeincreasingdemandfrominvestorsaroundtheglobeforquality,consistent,comparableandreliablereportingbycompaniesonclimateandotherenvironmental,socialandgovernance(ESG)matters,on3November2021,theIFRSFoundationTrusteesannouncedthecreationofanewstandard-settingboard–theInternationalSustainabilityStandardBoard(ISSB).TheISSBaimstodeliveracomprehensiveglobalbaselineofsustainability-relateddisclosurestandardsthatprovideinvestorsandothercapitalmarketparticipantswithinformationaboutcompanies’sustainability-relatedrisksandopportunitiestohelpthemmakeinformeddecisions.InMarch2022,theISSBproposesissuingtwoIFRSSustainabilityDisclosureStandardsthatwould:Requireacompanytodiscloseinformationthatenablesinvestorstoassesstheeffectofsignificantsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunitiesonitsenterprisevalue;andEstablishdisclosurerequirementsspecifictoclimate-relatedrisksandopportunities.在全球各地,越來越多投資者要求公司匯報氣候和其他環境、社會及管治(ESG)事宜,提供優質、一致、可比較及可靠資訊,有見及此,國際財務報告準則基金會受託人(IFRSFoundationTrustees)於2021年11月3日宣布設立新的準則制定委員會。該會名為國際可持續準則理事會,旨在就可持續發展的相關披露準則訂立全面的全球基準,為投資者及其他資本市場參與者提供關於公司可持續發展風險和機遇的資訊,以便他們作出明智的決定。要求公司披露相關資料,以便投資者評估重大可持續發展的風險和機遇對該公司企業價值的影響;及制定專為氣候相關風險和機遇而設的披露要求。於2022年3月,國際可持續準則理事會提出頒布兩項國際財務報告可持續披露準則,藉此:Governance၍طStrategyഄଫRiskmanagementࠬᎈ၍ଣMetricsandtargetsܸᅺձͦᅺ18TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting19TheproposalswerebuiltonrecommendationsfromtheTaskForceonClimate-RelatedFinancialDisclosures(TCFD).Theseproposalsalsoincorporatedindustry-baseddisclosurerequirementsderivedfromSustainabilityAccountingStandardsBoard(SASB)Standards.TheISSBsoughtcommentsonthetwoproposedIFRSSustainabilityDisclosureStandardsanditaimstofinalisetherequirementsbytheendof2022.TheproposedIFRSS1GeneralRequirementsforDisclosureofSustainability-relatedFinancialInformation(GeneralRequirementsExposureDraft)requirescompaniestodiscloseinformationaboutalloftheirsignificantsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunities.TheproposedIFRSS2Climate-relatedDisclosures(ClimateExposureDraft)focusesonclimate-relatedrisksandopportunities.ItincorporatestherecommendationsoftheTaskForceonClimate-relatedFinancialDisclosures(TCFD)andincludesmetricstailoredtoindustryclassificationsderivedfromtheindustry-basedSASBStandards.ProposedIFRSS1GeneralRequirementsforDisclosureofSustainability-relatedFinancialInformationTheGeneralRequirementsExposureDraftsetsoutthecorecontentforacompletesetofsustainability-relatedfinancialdisclosures,establishingacomprehensivebaselineofsustainability-relatedfinancialinformation.是項議案以氣候相關財務披露工作小組(TaskForceonClimate-RelatedFinancialDisclosures)的建議作為基礎,並已納入根據可持續會計準則委員會(SustainabilityAccountingStandardsBoard)準則所得出的行業披露要求。國際可持續準則理事會已就兩項建議中的國際財務報告可持續披露準則廣納意見,並致力於2022年底落實相關準則。建議的國際財務報告可持續披露準則第1號──可持續發展相關財務資訊的一般披露要求《一般要求徵求意見稿》要求公司披露所有有關重大可持續發展風險和機遇的資訊。建議的國際財務報告可持續披露準則第2號──氣候相關披露《氣候徵求意見稿》著眼於與氣候相關的風險和機遇,當中不但納入了氣候相關財務披露工作小組的建議,亦包括針對行業分類而特設的指標,有關分類是根據可持續會計準則委員會按行業劃分的準則訂立。建議的國際財務報告可持續披露準則第1號──可持續發展相關財務資訊的一般披露要求《一般要求徵求意見稿》載列完整的可持續發展相關財務披露核心內容,為可持續發展相關的財務資料訂立全面的基準。CoreContentTheGeneralRequirementsExposureDraftproposesrequiringthedisclosureofinformationaboutsignificantsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunities.Thesustainability-relatedfinancialinformationdisclosedwouldbecentredonacompany’sconsiderationofitsgovernance,strategyandriskmanagementandthemetricsandtargetsitusestomeasure,monitorandmanagesignificantsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunities.核心內容《一般要求徵求意見稿》提議,要求公司披露有關重大可持續發展風險和機遇的資料。所披露的可持續發展相關的財務資料圍繞公司對其管治、策略和風險管理的考量,以及用於衡量、監察和管理重大可持續發展風險和機遇的指標和目標。Informationtoenableinvestorstounderstandthegovernanceprocesses,controlsandproceduresusedtomonitorandmanagesignificantsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunities.Informationtoenableinvestorstounderstandtheprocessbywhichacompanyidentifies,assessesandmanagescurrentandanticipatedsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunitiesandwhetherthatprocessisintegratedintoitsoverallriskmanagementprocesses.Thisinformationhelpsaninvestorevaluatethecompany'soverallriskprofileandriskmanagementprocesses.Informationtoenableinvestorstounderstandhowacompanymeasures,monitorsandmanagessignificantsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunitiesandassessesitsperformance,includingprogresstowardsthetargetsithasset.Informationtoenableinvestorstoassessacompany'sstrategyforaddressingsignificantsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunities,whethertheserisksandopportunitiesareincorporatedintoitsstrategicplanning,includingfinancialplanning;andwhethertheyarecoretoitsstrategy.相關資料有助投資者了解用於監察及管理重大可持續發展風險和機遇的管治流程、管控措施及程序。相關資料有助投資者了解公司識別、評估及管理當前和預計的可持續發展風險和機遇的流程,不論有關流程是否納入公司的整體風險管理程序之中。這項資料可助投資者評估公司的整體風險概況及風險管理流程。相關資料有助投資者了解公司如何衡量、監察及管理重大可持續發展風險和機遇,並評估公司的表現,包括公司實踐目標的進度。相關資料有助投資者評估公司應對重大可持續發展風險和機遇的策略,不論該等風險和機遇是否納入公司的策略性規劃(包括財務規劃),亦不論它們是否策略核心。20TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting21FairpresentationTheGeneralRequirementsExposureDraftproposesrequiringcompaniestopresentfairlyacompletesetofsustainability-relatedfinancialdisclosures.Fairpresentationisthefaithfulrepresentationofinformationaboutsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunities,applyingtheprinciplessetoutintheGeneralRequirementsExposureDraft.AcompanywouldapplyIFRSSustainabilityDisclosureStandardsaswellastoconsiderthedisclosuretopicsintheindustry-basedSASBStandards,theISSB’snon-mandatoryguidelinesandthemostrecentpronouncementsofotherstandard-setterswhoserequirementsaredesignedtomeetinvestors’informationneeds.Toidentifyappropriatedisclosures,includingmetrics,companieswouldapplytherelevantIFRSSustainabilityDisclosureStandards.IntheabsenceofanIFRSSustainabilityDisclosureStandardthatappliesspecificallytoasustainability-relatedriskandopportunity,acompanywouldberequiredtouseitsjudgementinidentifyingdisclosuresthatwouldberelevanttothedecision-makingneedsofinvestors.Informationrelatedtoacompany’svaluechainTheproposedStandardrequiresdisclosuresofmaterialinformationaboutsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunitiesacrossacompany’svaluechain.TheproposedStandarddefinesavaluechainasthe"fullrangeofactivities,resourcesandrelationshipsrelatedtoacompany’sbusinessmodelandtheexternalenvironmentinwhichitoperates".Thesustainability-relatedfinancialinformationrelevanttoacompanywoulddependonmanyfactors,suchasthecompany’sactivitiesortheindustrytowhichitbelongsto,thelocationsinwhichitoperates,itsproductsandmanufacturingprocessesandthenatureofitsrelianceonemployeesandsupplychains.Disclosureswouldbespecifictoeachcompanyandwhilethedefinitionofvaluechainisbroad,theinformationacompanywouldberequiredtoprovideislimitedtothatnecessarytoenableinvestorstoassessthecompany’senterprisevalue.Theserisksandopportunitiesrelatetoactivities,interactionsandrelationshipsandtotheuseofresourcesalongitsvaluechain,suchas:(a)itsemploymentpracticesandthoseofitssuppliers,wastagerelatedtothepackagingoftheproductsitsells,oreventsthatcoulddisruptitssupplychain;(b)theassetsitcontrols(suchasaproductionfacilitythatreliesonscarcewaterresources);(c)investmentsitcontrols,includinginvestmentsinassociatesandjointventures(suchasfinancingagreenhousegas-emittingactivitythroughajointventure);and(d)sourcesoffinance.Besides,theproposedStandardswouldrequirethesustainability-relatedfinancialinformationtobereportedatthesametimeasthefinancialstatementsarereported.ConnectedinformationTheproposedStandardswouldrequirecompaniestoprovideinformationthatallowsinvestorstoassesstheconnectionsbetweendifferentsustainability-relatedrisksandopportunities.Itwouldalsorequireacompanytodisclosehowsustainability-relatedfinancialinformationisrelatedtoinformationinitsfinancialstatements.公平呈列《一般要求徵求意見稿》提議,公司必須公平地呈列完整的可持續發展相關財務披露。公平呈列是指採用《一般要求徵求意見稿》所載的原則,如實地反映有關可持續發展風險和機遇的資料。公司將需應用國際財務報告可持續披露準則,同時考慮可持續會計準則委員會按行業劃分的準則、國際可持續準則理事會的非強制性指引,以及其他準則制定機構為使投資者取得所需資訊而最新發布的要求。公司會採用相關的國際財務報告可持續披露準則識別適當的披露資料,包括各項指標。倘若某項特定可持續發展相關風險和機遇欠缺適用的國際財務報告可持續披露準則,公司須自行判斷哪些披露資料切合投資者的決策需要。有關公司價值鏈的資訊建議準則要求披露公司價值鏈中有關可持續發展風險和機遇的重要資訊,並將價值鏈定義為「與公司經營模式及營運市場外部環境相關的所有活動、資源及關係」。如何識別與公司有關的可持續發展財務資料,決於多項因素,例如公司的業務活動或所屬行業、營運地點、產品和生產過程,以及對員工和供應鏈的倚賴性質。每家公司的披露內容均獨一無二,即使價值鏈的定義廣泛,但公司僅須提供可讓投資者評估公司企業價值的資訊。該等風險和機遇與業務活動、互動及關係以及公司價值鏈中的資源運用息息相關,例如︰(a)公司及供應商的僱傭政策、銷售產品包裝物料的相關廢棄物、或足以中斷供應鏈的事件;(b)公司控制的資產(例如依賴珍貴水源的生產設施);(c)公司控制的投資,包括對聯營公司及合資公司的投資(例如透過合資公司為排放溫室氣體的業務提供資金);及(d)資金來源。此外,建議準則要求可持續發展的相關財務資訊與財務報表同時匯報。關連資訊建議準則要求公司提供資訊,以助投資者評估不同可持續發展風險和機遇的關連之處,亦會要求公司披露可持續發展相關的財務資訊與財務報表所載資料的關係。MetricsandtargetsܸᅺձͦᅺRiskmanagementࠬᎈ၍ଣStrategyഄଫGovernance၍ط22TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting23ProposedIFRSS2climate-relateddisclosuresAcompanyapplyingtheproposalsintheGeneralRequirementsExposureDraftwouldapplytheClimateExposureDrafttoprovidematerialinformationaboutitssignificantclimate-relatedrisksandopportunities.TheClimateExposureDraftproposesrequiringacompanytodiscloseinformationthatwouldenableaninvestortoassesstheeffectofclimate-relatedrisksandopportunitiesonitsenterprisevalue.TheClimateExposureDraftusesthesameapproachastheGeneralRequirementsExposureDraft,soitwouldrequireacompanytocentreitsdisclosuresontheconsiderationofthegovernance,strategyandriskmanagementofitsbusiness,andthemetricsandtargetsitusestomeasure,monitorandmanageitssignificantclimate-relatedrisksandopportunities.TheproposedStandardsincludesarequirementforcompaniestodiscloseinformationaboutclimate-relatedphysicalandtransitionalrisksandopportunities.GovernanceTheproposedStandardswouldrequiredisclosureofinformationaboutthegovernanceprocesses,controlsandproceduresthecompanyusestomonitorandmanageclimate-relatedrisksandopportunities.Thecompanywouldberequiredtodiscloseadescriptionofthegovernancebody,suchasaboardorcommittee,withoversightofclimate-relatedrisksandopportunities.StrategyTheproposedStandardswouldrequirecompaniestodiscloseinformationabouthowclimatechangecouldreasonablybeexpectedtoaffecttheirbusinessmodel,strategyandcashflowsovertheshort,mediumorlong-term,theiraccesstofinanceandtheircostofcapital.Acompanywouldberequiredtoidentifyphysicalrisksandtransitionrisks.Forphysicalrisks,thecompanywouldberequiredtoexplainwhethertherisksareacuteorchronic.建議國際財務報告可持續披露準則第2號-氣候相關披露公司如採用《一般要求徵求意見稿》中的提議,便需根據《氣候徵求意見稿》,提供有關公司重大氣候相關風險和機遇的重要資訊。《氣候徵求意見稿》提議公司必須披露資訊,以助投資者評估氣候相關風險和機遇對公司企業價值的影響。《氣候徵求意見稿》與《一般要求徵求意見稿》方針一致,因此會要求公司集中披露其業務管治、策略和風險管理的考量,以及衡量、監察和管理重大氣候相關風險和機遇所用的指標和目標。建議準則亦包括要求公司披露資料,闡述與氣候相關的實質風險及過渡風險和機遇。管治建議準則要求公司披露相關資料,說明用以監察及管理氣候相關風險和機遇的管治流程、管控措施及程序。公司必須披露資料闡述負責監管氣候相關風險和機遇的管治架構,例如董事會或委員會等。策略建議準則要求公司披露相關資訊,說明在合理預期下,氣候變化如何在短、中或長期情況下影響其經營模式、策略及現金流、公司的資金來源及資金成本。公司必須識別實質風險和過渡風險,並須說明實質風險屬於急性還是慢性。24TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting25PhysicalrisksྼሯࠬᎈTransitionrisksཀನࠬᎈ•Acutephysicalriskscouldincludetheincreasedseverityofextremeweathereventssuchascyclonesandfloods,puttingacompany'sassetsatriskordisruptingitssupplychain(suchasdisruptiontoajust-in-linedeliveryprocess).•Chronicphysicalrisksincluderiskingsealevelsorrisingmeantemperatures.Thesechangesintheclimatecouldaffectacompany'sstrategy,forexample,itmayneedtoconsidermovingitsproductionfacilities.•Risksassociatedwithacompany'stransitiontoalower-carboneconomy.•Transitionrisksincludepolicyorlegal,market,technologyandreputation.•Anexampleofamarketriskcouldbeareduceddemandforhigh-carbon-basedproducts,alegalriskcouldbearegulatoryactionbanningthesaleofacompany'sproducts-gaswaterheatersordieselvehicles.Atechnologyriskoropportunitycouldbelower-emissionsubstitutesfordieselvehicles.•急性實質風險可包括越趨嚴峻的颶風和洪災等極端天氣,威脅到公司資產或導致供應鏈中斷(例如中斷及時化交付流程)。•慢性實質風險包括海平面或平均氣溫不斷上升。這些氣候變化可以影響公司的策略,例如公司或需考慮遷移生產設施。•公司轉型至低碳經濟所涉及的風險。•過渡風險包括政策或法律、市場、技術及聲譽的風險。•舉例而言,高碳產品的需求下跌屬於市場風險、禁止公司售賣氣體熱水爐或柴油車輛等產品的監管行動則屬法律風險,而柴油車輛的低排放替代品則可以是技術風險或機遇。Acompanywouldberequiredtodiscloseadescriptionofitsplansforrespondingtoclimate-relatedtransitionrisksandopportunities.Acompanywouldalsoberequiredtoincludeinitsdisclosuresbygivinganexplanationofhowsignificantclimate-relatedrisksandopportunitieshaveaffecteditsmostrecentlyreportedfinancialposition,financialperformanceandcashflows.Besides,acompanywouldberequiredtoexplainhowitexpectsitsfinancialpositiontochangeovertimegivenitsstrategytoaddresssignificantclimate-relatedrisksandopportunities.TheproposedStandardswouldrequireacompanytouseclimate-relatedscenarioanalysistoassessitsrisksandopportunitieswhenitisableto,butitalsoaddressesotherquantitativemethods.RiskmanagementAcompanywouldberequiredtoexplaintheextenttowhichandhowprocessestoidentify,assessandmanageclimate-relatedrisksandopportunitiesareintegratedintothecompany’soverallriskmanagementprocess.Itwouldalsoberequiredtodisclosehowitprioritisesclimate-relatedrisksrelativetoothertypesofrisk,includingitsuseofriskassessmenttools(suchasscience-basedriskassessmenttools).MerticsandtargetsTheproposedStandardswouldrequireacompanytodiscloseitsabsolutegrossScope1,Scope2andScope3greenhousegasemissions,inmetrictonnesofcarbondioxideequivalent,andtheintensityofthoseemissions.ThecompanywouldberequiredtocalculatetheseemissionsusingtheGHGProtocol.AconsolidatedgroupwouldberequiredtodiscloseGHGemissionsbyassociatesandjointventuresseparatelyfromthosebytheconsolidatedgroup.TherequirementtodiscloseScope3emissionsreflectstheimportanceofprovidinginformationrelatedtoacompany’svaluechain.TheproposedStandardincludesindustry-baseddisclosurerequirements.Acompanywouldidentifytherequirementsapplicabletoitsbusinessmodelandassociatedactivities.公司必須披露有關資料,說明其氣候相關過渡風險和機遇的應對方案,該等披露資料須闡述重大氣候相關風險和機遇如何影響其最新匯報的財務狀況、財務表現及現金流。此外,公司亦須闡明,在推行策略應對重大的氣候相關風險和機遇下,其財務狀況於一段時間後將出現怎樣的預期變化。建議準則要求公司在可行情況下,運用氣候相關情景分析以評估其風險和機遇,但建議準則亦有提及其他定量方法。風險管理公司必須說明那些氣候相關風險和機遇的識別、評估及管理流程,是以何種方式獲納入整體風險管理流程之中,亦須披露相對於其他風險,公司如何優先考慮與氣候相關的風險,包括風險評估工具的運用(例如以科學為本的風險評估工具)。指標和目標建議準則要求公司披露其範圍1、範圍2及範圍3溫室氣體排放絕對總量(以公噸二氧化碳當量計算)及該等溫室氣體排放的強度,而且必須採用溫室氣體核算體系計算排放量。綜合集團的溫室氣體排放量必須與聯營公司及合資公司的數據分開披露。要求披露範圍3排放量的要求反映了提供公司價值鏈相關資訊的重要性。建議準則包括針對不同行業的披露要求。公司須識別適用於其經營模式及相關業務活動的要求。TheTrendofSustainableInvesting27Properprocessesandcontrolsቇٙݴʿ၍છણ݄Establisharobustgovernancestructureܔͭᖢٙ၍طݖTrainyourstaffࡰʈReviewexistingsystemsfordatacollectionandcalculationprocessesᄲൖᅰኽϗණʿࠇၑݴٙତБՓܓGettingreadyforthenewdisclosurerequirementTheproposedStandardswilllikelyformthebaselineforlocaljurisdictionstoincorporatesuchstandardsintolocalrequirements.GiventheStandardsmaybeissuedbytheendof2022,itisexpectedindividualjurisdictionwillbeadoptingeitherthefullstandardorthefullstandardpluslocalrequirementsverysoonaftertheStandardsareofficiallyissued.Someprivatecompaniesmayalsochoosetoadoptthemvoluntarilygiventheincreasingdemandfrominvestorsformoredetaileddisclosureinsuchaspect.Whatdoesitmeanforcompanies?Whatistheimpact?GiventheStandardswouldrequirethesustainability-relatedfinancialinformationtobereportedatthesametimeasthefinancialstatementsarereported,companieswillneedtoensurethattheyhavetheproperprocessesandcontrolsinplacetoprovidequalityandtimelysustainabilityinformationatthesametimeastheirfinancialinformation.Besides,trainingisacrucialelementtootogetthecompaniesreadytomeetthenewdisclosurerequirement.Furthermore,companieswillhavetoconsiderestablishingagovernancestructuretosupportarobustreportingsystemforbothsustainabilityandfinancialreporting.Lastbutnotleast,companiesmayalsoconsidertoreviewtheirexistingsystemstomeetthenewdatacollectionandcalculationprocessesrequirements.Willtheydeveloptheirownin-housetools?Alternatively,willtheyseekassistancefromthirdpartyserviceprovidersforthetoolstocollectandanalysethedata?Managementofthecompanieswillhavetoconsiderthesequestions.準備迎接新披露要求建議準則很可能成為當地司法管轄區的基準,將相關準則納入當地的要求。鑒於準則或於2022年底頒布,預期個別司法管轄區將於準則正式頒布後不久即會採用整套準則,又或在整套準則之外同時採用當地的要求。投資者對詳細披露相關資料的需求越來越大,部分私營公司亦可能自行選擇採用準則。上述情況對公司而言有何意義?又有何影響?由於準則要求同時呈報可持續發展相關的財務資料與財務報表,公司必需確保設有適當流程及管控措施,以便在發布財務資料的同時,能夠提供優質而及時的可持續發展資料。此外,公司要作好準備滿足新的披露要求,培訓亦是關鍵的一環。此外,公司亦應考慮建立管治架構,為可持續發展及財務報告提供健全的匯報制度。還有,公司亦可能要考慮審視其現行制度,以符合數據收集及計算流程的新要求。公司會否自行開發內部工具?還是尋求第三方服務供應商的支援,以取得數據收集和分析工具?公司管理層應當考慮這些問題。WheredoesHongKongStand?香港如何定位?28TheTrendofSustainableInvestingWheredoesHongKongStand?香港如何定位?DInHongKong,regulatorshaverecognisedthetrendofsustainabilityandtheimportanceofincorporatingtheESGelementsinmaintainingHongKong’spositionasoneofthemajorfinancialhubsinAsiaandindevelopingHongKong’spositionasagreenfinancehubwithintheGreaterBayAreaandinternationally.TheyhavebeendevelopingandenhancingtheregulatoryregimetofacilitatetheintegrationofESGfactorsininvestmentdecisionsbybusinessesandassetmanagers.InMay2020,theSecuritiesandFuturesCommission(SFC)initiatedtheestablishmentoftheGreenandSustainableFinanceCross-AgencySteeringGroup(CASG)toacceleratethegrowthofgreenandsustainablefinanceinHongKongandsupporttheGovernment’sclimatestrategies.Co-chairedbytheSFCandtheHongKongMonetaryAuthority,thegroupcomprisesoftheFinancialServicesandtheTreasuryBureau,theEnvironmentBureau,HongKongExchangesandClearingLimited(HKEX),theInsuranceAuthorityandtheMandatoryProvidentFundSchemesAuthority.本港的監管機構明白可持續發展是大勢所趨,因此,納入ESG元素對維持香港作為亞洲主要金融樞紐的地位相當重要,亦有助香港在大灣區內及國際上發展成為綠色金融樞紐的角色。監管機構一直致力制訂及加強監管制度,促使企業及資產管理公司將ESG因素納入投資決策。2020年5月,證券及期貨事務監察委員會(證監會)發起成立綠色和可持續金融跨機構督導小組(督導小組),以加快香港綠色和可持續金融的發展,並支持政府的氣候策略。督導小組由證監會及香港金融管理局共同主持,成員包括財經事務及庫務局、環境局、香港交易及結算所有限公司(香港交易所)、保險業監管局及強制性公積金計劃管理局。Thisisamajorstepforwardintheefforttoestablishaglobalbaselineforsustainabilityandclimatereportingtoprovideinvestorswithconsistent,comparableinformationaboutwhatcompaniesaredoingtoaddresstheurgentissueofclimatechange.HongKong,withitssizablecapitalmarkets,canplayapivotalroleinsupportingthisinitiative,andwelookforwardtoclosecooperationwithotherauthoritiesandindustrystakeholdersaswehavingconsiderhowthestandardscanbeimplementedinourregulatoryframework.ఱࠈ̙ͭܵᚃ೯࢝ձंࡉිజΌଢਿٙʈЪϾԊdவ݊ΣۃᒕආٙࠠࠅɓӉfኯᔟϞᗫਿdҳ༟٫ਗ਼ᐏԶɓߧձ̙ˢ༰ٙ༟ࣘd˸ə༆ʮ̡މᏐ࿁ࠗίຓٙंࡉᜊʷਪᕚϾ͍ίમ՟ٙБਗf࠰ಥኹϞᅼᕼɽٙ༟͉̹ఙd̙ί˕ܵவධᑘણ˙ࠦዄᗫᒟԉЍfҢࡁಂૐၾՉ˼ዚʿุޢܵ΅٫ၡΥЪdઞীνОίҢࡁ္ٙ၍࣪ݖɨྼ݄Ϟᗫۆf30TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting31CASGwelcomesISSB’sproposedstandardsFollowingthepublicationoftheproposedgeneralrequirementsfordisclosureofsustainability-relatedfinancialinformationandtheclimatedisclosurerequirementsbytheISSBinMarch2022,andinlinewiththeCASG’sstrategicplantosupportthedevelopmentofaglobaluniformsetofsustainabilityreportingstandards,theSFCandtheHKEXplantoengagewithindustrypractitionersincludingtheauditandaccountingprofession,theHongKongInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountants,listedcompanies,globalstandardsetterssuchastheInternationalOrganisationsofSecuritiesCommissionsandotherkeystakeholderstoevaluateandgatherfeedbackonhowtheISSB’sproposeddisclosurerequirementscanbeappliedinHongKong.Asapriority,theSFCandtheHKEXareevaluatingaclimate-firstapproachtoimplementtheISSBstandardsforHongKonglistedcompanies.AnSFC-HKEXjointworkinggroupislookingintothereadinessoflistedcompaniestoreportundertheproposeddraftdisclosurerequirementsandthechallengestheyface.督導小組歡迎國際可持續準則理事會的建議準則國際可持續準則理事會於2022年3月發表適用於披露可持續發展相關財務資料的建議一般準則及氣候相關披露準則,繼此之後,為配合督導小組的策略計劃,以支持制訂一套全球統一的可持續發展匯報準則,證監會和香港交易所準備與包括香港會計師公會和審計及會計行業在內的業界、上市公司、包括國際證監會組織在內的國際準則制定組織及其他主要持份者積極溝通,就如何在香港應用國際可持續準則理事會的建議披露規定進行評估及收集意見。證監會和香港交易所的首要工作是評估可否以氣候優先的方針對香港上市公司實施國際可持續準則理事會的準則。證監會和香港交易所的聯合工作小組現正開展研究工作,了解上市公司遵照國際可持續準則理事會的建議披露要求草擬本進行匯報的準備情況和所面臨的挑戰。AshelyAlder,ChiefExecutiveOfficeroftheSFCandCo-chairoftheSteeringGroup證監會行政總裁及督導小組聯席主席歐達禮TheCASGannounceditsgreenandsustainablefinancestrategyforHongKonginDecember2020andwillfollowupwithactionsinthefollowingpoints:督導小組在2020年12月發布香港的綠色和可持續金融策略計劃,並將就以下綱領採取跟進行動:Climate-relateddisclosuresalignedwiththeTaskForceonClimate-relatedFinancialDisclosures(TCFD)recommendationswillbemandatoryacrossrelevantsectorsnolaterthan2025.Promoteclimate-focusedscenarioanalysistoassesstheimpactsonfinancialinstitutionsunderdifferentclimatepathways,suchasthroughthepilotclimateriskstresstestingexerciseforbanksandinsurers,andtheuseofscenarioanalysisbylargeassetmanagers.AimtoadopttheCommonGroundTaxonomy,whichisbeingdevelopedbytheInternationalPlatformonSustainableFinance(IPSF)WorkingGrouponTaxonomiesco-ledbyChinaandtheEU.Establishaplatformtoactasafocalpointforfinancialregulators,Governmentagencies,industrystakeholdersandtheacademiatocoordinatecross-sectoralcapacitybuilding,thoughtleadershipandasacross-sectoralrepositoryofgreenandsustainablefinanceresources.SupporttheInternationalFinancialReportingStandards(IFRS)Foundation’sproposaltoestablishanewSustainabilityStandardsBoardfordevelopingandmaintainingaglobal,uniformsetofsustainabilityreportingstandards.有關行業必須在2025年或之前按照氣候相關財務披露工作小組的建議,就氣候相關資料作出披露。鼓勵進行以氣候為重點的情境分析,以評估金融機構在不同氣候變化情景下所受到的影響,例如透過銀行及保險公司的氣候風險壓力測試試驗計劃,以及由大型資產管理公司進行的情境分析。以採納共通綠色分類目錄為目標。在國際可持續金融平台下、由中國及歐盟所領導的綠色分類目錄工作小組將制訂共通綠色分類目錄。建立一個用作統籌金融監管機構、政府機關、業界持份者及學術機構的平台,協調跨界別技能建立、探討前沿議題,及作為一個公開的跨界別綠色和可持續金融資源庫。支持國際財務報告準則基金會的建議,成立一個新的可持續準則委員會,以制訂及維持一套全球統一的可持續匯報準則。MaterialityQuantitativeBalanceConsistencyࠠࠅඎʷ̻ፅɓߧ32TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting33HongKong’sregulatoryrulesandguidelinesAppendix27oftheExchangeListingRulessetoutaframeworkforlistedcompaniesto,amongothers,identifyandconsiderwhatenvironmentalrisksandsocialrisksmaybematerialtothem.Theguidelinesconsistoftwolevelsofdisclosureobligations,whicharemandatorydisclosurerequirementsand“complyorexplain”provisions.Forthemandatorydisclosurerequirements,listedcompaniesmustdisclosetheboard’soversightofESGissues,ESGmanagementapproachesandstrategy,aswellashowtheboardreviewsprogressandtargetswithexplanationsforgovernancestructure.For“complyorexplain”provisions,listedcompaniesshouldreportgeneraldisclosuresandkeyperformanceindicators(KPIs)invariousaspectsoftwoESGsubjectareas,environmentalandsocial.Besides,listedcompaniesareencouragedtoidentifyanddiscloseadditionalESGissuesandKPIsthatreflecttheissuers'significantenvironmentalandsocialimpacts;orsubstantiallyaffecttheassessmentsanddecisionsofstakeholders.Listedcompaniesshouldalsoengagestakeholdersonanongoingbasistounderstandtheirviewsandbettermeettheirexpectations.香港的監管規則及指引交易所上市規則附錄二十七訂明框架,可供上市公司(其中包括)識別及考慮本身面對哪些重大的環境風險及社會風險。有關指引涵蓋兩個層次的披露責任,即強制披露規定及「不遵守就解釋」條文。強制披露規定要求上市公司必須披露董事會對ESG事宜的監管、ESG管理方針及策略,以及董事會檢視進度及目標的方法,並且闡明管治架構。至於「不遵守就解釋」條文,則要求上市公司針對環境及社會這兩項主要的ESG範疇,就多個層面匯報一般披露資料及關鍵績效指標。此外,有關規定亦鼓勵上市公司識別及披露其他反映發行人對環境及社會有重大影響又或對持份者的評估及決策有重大影響的ESG事宜和關鍵績效指標。上市公司亦應安排持份者持續參與其中,了解他們的意見,以便更切合他們的期望。ThethresholdatwhichESGissuesaresufficientlyimportanttoinvestorsKPIsinrespectofhistoricaldataneedtobemeasurable.ThelistedcompaniesshouldsettargetstoreduceaparticularimpactsothattheeffectivenessofESGpoliciesandmanagementsystemscanbeevaluatedandvalidated.Quantitativeinformationshouldbeaccompaniedbyanarrative,explainingitspurpose,impactsandgivingcomparativedatawhereappropriate.TheESGreportshouldprovideanunbiasedpictureofthelistedcompanies’performance.Thereportshouldavoidselections,omissions,orpresentationformatsthatmayinappropriatelyinfluenceadecisionorjudgementbythereportreaders.ThelistedcompaniesshoulduseconsistentmethodologiestoallowformeaningfulcomparisonsofESGdataovertime.有關ESG事宜會對投資者產生足夠重要的影響有關歷史數據的關鍵績效指標須可予計量。上市公司應訂下減少個別影響的目標,確保ESG政策及管理系統的效益可予評估及驗證。量化資料應附帶說明,闡述其目的及影響,並在適當的情況下提供比較數據。ESG報告應當不偏不倚地呈報上市公司的表現,避免可能會不恰當地影響報告讀者決策或判斷的選擇、遺漏或呈報格式。上市公司應使用一致的披露統計方法,令ESG數據日後可作有意義的比較。WithISSB’sproposednewdisclosurestandards,weanticipatethattheexistingrequirementsunderAppendix27oftheListingRuleswillgohandinhandwiththenewglobaldisclosurestandardsandbeenhancedinthenearfuture.Atthesametime,weexpectthatpolicymakersmayalsomakereferencestoMainlandChina’sESGdisclosurestandardsinformulatingtherevisedrulesandguidelines.Separately,theSFCandHKMAeachhasissuedrespectiveguidelinesforlicensedcorporations(LCs)andauthorisedinstitutions(AIs).Forexample,theconsultationconclusionsonthemanagementanddisclosuresofclimate-relatedrisksbyfundmanagersissuedbySFCinAugust2021andthesubsequentamendmentoftheFundManagerCodeofConduct.TheHKMAhasalsoissuedtheSupervisoryPolicyManualGS-1ClimateRiskManagementinDecember2021whichprovidesguidancetoAIsonthekeyelementsofclimate-relatedriskmanagementandtosetoutHKMA’sapproachesto,andexplanationin,reviewingAI’sclimate-relatedriskmanagement.WeareexpectingthattheserulesandguidelineswillcontinuetobeenhancedtoalignwiththegeneraldemandformoretransparentandstructuredESGinformation.CarbonmarketopportunitiesforHongKongInaddition,theCarbonMarketWorkstream9oftheCASGalsopublishedapaperonpreliminaryfeasibilityassessmentofcarbonmarketopportunitiesforHongKonginMarch2022.Thepaper,amongothers,highlightedtheneedforHongKongtodevelopmarketstructureandregulatorymodelstolinkupinternationalinvestorswiththeMainland’scarbonmarkets.Investmentdemandincarboncreditsasanassetclassisexpectedtoincrease.Bothcompliancemarkets,suchastheEuropeanUnionEmissionsTradingSystem(EUETS)andvoluntarycarbonmarket(VCM)playasignificantroleinthedecarbonisationglobaleconomy.Over200companieshavecommittedtoTheClimatePledge10asofMarch2022,whichinvolvesimplementingdecarbonisationstrategiesandneutralisinganyremainingemissionswithcarboncredits.11Furthermore,atleastone-fifth(21%)oftheworld’s2,000largestpubliccompanieswhosesalesrevenuetogetheraccountedforUS$14trillionand220globalassetmanagerswithUS$57trillioninassetsundermanagementhavecommittedtomeetnet-zerotargets.12Allthesewilldrivethedemandforcarboncreditsforthepurposeofneutralisingtheincreasingemissions.根據國際可持續準則理事會的新披露準則建議,我們預期上市規則附錄二十七的現行規定將與新的全球披露準則相輔相成,並將於不久的將來有所收緊。同時,我們預計政策制定者在制定經修訂的規則及指引時,可能會參考中國內地的ESG披露準則。另外,證監會及金管局向持牌法團及認可機構分別發出指引,例如證監會於2021年8月發布有關基金經理管理及披露氣候相關風險的諮詢總結,以及《基金經理操守準則》的後續修訂,而金管局亦於2021年12月發布《監管政策手冊》單元GS-1「氣候風險管理」,向認可機構就氣候相關風險管理的關鍵要素提供指引,並列明金管局檢視認可機構的氣候相關風險管理的方法及說明。我們預期有關規則及指引將更加嚴緊,以配合市場的普遍需求,提供更透明、更有組織的ESG資料。香港的碳市場機遇此外,督導小組的碳市場專責團隊9亦於2022年3月發表論文,對香港碳市場機遇的可行性進行了初步評估,內容包括強調香港需要建立相應的市場架構及監管模式,以便連繫國際投資者與內地的碳市場。對自願減排量作為一種資產類別的投資需求預期會有所增加。合規碳市場如歐盟碳排放權交易市場(EuropeanUnionEmissionsTradingSystem)等以及自願碳市場在全球經濟的減碳中擔當着重要角色。截至2022年3月,已有逾200家公司簽署《氣候宣言》10(TheClimatePledge),不但承諾實施減碳策略,及透過自願減排量來中和任何剩餘的碳排放。11此外,已承諾實現淨零排放目標的公司12,包括全球2,000家最大型上市公司中至少五分之一(21%)銷售額合共14兆美元的企業,以及220家管理資產達57兆美元的環球資產管理公司。上述各項將推動市場對自願減排量的需求,以中和不斷增加的碳排放。ThereportingprinciplesunderpinthepreparationoftheESGreportareasfollow:以下匯報原則是編製ESG報告的基礎:9.TheCarbonMarketWorkstreamisco-chairedbytheSecuritiesandFuturesCommission(SFC)andHongKongExchangesandClearingLimited(HKEX).MembersincludetheEnvironmentBureau(ENB),theFinancialServicesandtheTreasuryBureau(FSTB)andtheHongKongMonetaryAuthority(HKMA).10.Co-foundedbyAmazonandGlobalOptimism,TheClimatePledgeisacross-sectorcommunityofcompanies,organisations,individualsandpartnersthatcollaborateontacklingtheclimatecrisis.CurrentsignatoriesincludeVerizon,PepsiCo,BestBuy,Visa,Microsoft,Twitter,ReckittBenckiser,Unilever,JetBlueAirways,Uber,Salesforce,HP,Procter&Gamble,andmore11.CarbonMarketOpportunitiesforHongKong–PreliminaryFeasibilityAssessment(March2022)CASGWS3PreliminaryCarbonFeasibilityAssessmentEnglish3032022.pdf(sfc.hk)12.TakingStock:Aglobalassessmentofnetzerotargets,theEnergy&ClimateIntelligenceUnitandOxfordNetZero(March2021);TheNetZeroAssetManagersInitiative.ECIU-Oxford_Taking_Stock.pdf(edcdn.com)9.碳市場專責團隊由證券及期貨事務監察委員會(證監會)和香港交易及結算所有限公司(香港交易所)擔任聯席主席,成員包括環境局、財經事務及庫務局(財庫局)和香港金融管理局(金管局)。10.《氣候宣言》(TheClimatePledge)是由Amazon和GlobalOptimism共同創立的跨界別團體,宗旨是讓不同企業、組織、個別人士和夥伴合作應對氣候危機。目前簽署了《氣候宣言》的企業包括Verizon、PepsiCo、BestBuy、Visa、Microsoft、Twitter、ReckittBenckiser、Unilever、JetBlueAirways、Uber、Salesforce、HP、Procter&Gamble等。11.香港的碳市場機遇──初步可行性評估(2022年3月)CASGWS3PreliminaryCarbonFeasibilityAssessmentChinese3032022.pdf(sfc.hk)12.Energy&ClimateIntelligenceUnit與OxfordNetZero(2021年3月)。《審時度勢:淨零排放目標的全球評估》(TakingStock:Aglobalassessmentofnetzerotargets);淨零資產管理公司倡議(TheNetZeroAssetManagersInitiative)。ECIU-Oxford_Taking_Stock.pdf(edcdn.com)34TheTrendofSustainableInvestingMembersoftheCarbonMarketWorkstreamhaveengagedwiththeMainland'sfinancialandenvironmentalauthoritiesaswellasmarketstakeholderstodiscussthefeasibilityofthefollowingcarbonmarketopportunities:碳市場專責團隊成員已與內地的金融和環境部門及市場持份者探討以下碳市場機遇的可行性:(i)Developanon-exchangeVCMforhighqualitycarboncreditstotargetlocal,theMainlandandinternationalinvestors;(iv)DevelopHongKongintotheMainland’soffshoreriskmanagementcentreforcarbonmarketdevelopment,inlinewiththepolicyobjectivetostrengthenHongKongasaglobalriskmanagementcentre.(ii)EstablishaGreaterBayArea(GBA)UnifiedCarbonMarket;(iii)ExploreinternationalparticipationintheGBAUnifiedCarbonMarketandpotentiallinkagebetweentheGBAUnifiedCarbonMarketandthenationalEmissionTradingSystem(ETS);and(i)開發一個針對本地、內地及國際投資者的自願碳市場,搭建交易所場內平台交易優質的碳信用額;(iv)在鞏固香港作為全球風險管理中心的政策目標基礎上,將香港發展成內地碳市場的離岸風險管理中心。(ii)建立大灣區統一碳市場;(iii)探索大灣區統一碳市場允許國際投資者參與,以及大灣區統一碳市場與全國碳排放權交易市場的對接;及36TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting37HongKongbeingaglobalhubforgreenfinanceWecanseethatHongKonghastakenearlyandproactivestepstostrengthenHongKong’spositionasaregionalgreenandsustainablefinancehub.ThiscanbeseeninalltheinitiativesthatHongKongregulatorsareundertaking.Tohelpbanksdevelopthesolutionsneededtoaddressclimatechange,theHKMAhasco-launchedtheAllianceforGreenCommercialBanks(Alliance)withInternationalFinanceCorporationinNovember2020.WiththeHKMAbeingthefoundingmemberandthefirstregionalanchorfortheAsiaChapter,HongKongwillserveasthegreenfinancehubamongcommercialbanksinAsia.TheAlliancewilllaunchtargetedinitiativesandcampaignsintheregiontoundertakegreenfinanceresearch,provideuniquemarketinsight,tailorcapacitybuildingandtrainingsupport,andprovidepracticalguidanceforbankstodeveloptheirownroadmaptomainstreamgreenfinanceastheircorebusinessanddevelopnewgreenfinancialproducts.Separately,theHongKongGreenFinanceAssociation(HKGFA)launchedtheGreaterBayAreaGreenFinanceAlliance(GBA-GFA)inSeptember2020topromotegreenfinanceintheGreaterBayArea.TheGBA-GFAisacollaborationbetweentheHongKongGreenFinanceAssociation(HKGFA),theGreenFinanceCommitteeofGuangdongSocietyforFinanceandBanking(GDGFC),theGreenFinanceCommitteeofFinancialSocietyofShenzhenSpecialEconomicZone(SZGFC),andtheMacauAssociationofBanks.TheAllianceaimstopromoteresearchandincubategreeninvestmentsthatwillbenefittheGBAbyleveraginggreeninvestmentdemandinGuangdongandthegreenfinancecapacitiesinHongKongandMacau.TheGovernmentalsopublishedaGreenBondFramework(the“Framework”)in2019undertheGovernmentGreenBondProgramme(GGBP)whichsetouttheGovernment’sinitiativestoissuegreenbondstofundprojectsthatwillimprovetheenvironmentandfacilitatethetransitiontoalowcarboneconomy.TheinauguralgreenbondofUS$1billionwassuccessfullyissuedon28May2019undertheFramework.Asat30June2020,thetotalproceeds,amountingtoHK$7.829billion,havebeenfullyallocatedtosevenpublicworksprojectsthatfallunderfourdifferenteligiblecategoriesasdefinedintheFramework.Inaddition,atotalofUS$2.5billiongreenbondsweresuccessfullyissuedon2February2021.Asat31July2021,thetotalproceedsamountingtoHK$19.304billionoftheFebruary2021issuanceshavebeenfullyallocatedtofiveprojectspartlyfinancedbytheinauguralissuanceandanothersevenpublicworksprojectsapprovedbytheSteeringCommitteeontheGGBPaseligibleprojects.13Furthermore,inMay2022,theGovernmentfurtherissuedaGovernmentretailgreenbondsamountingtoHK$20billion.14TheCarbonMarketWorkstreamco-chairedbytheSFCandtheHKEXwillconsiderwhichmarketandregulatorymodelwouldbethemostappropriate,andwillprepareadetailedroadmap,implementationplanandindicativetimelineafterconsultingwithmarketexpertsandrelevantauthorities.香港扮演全球綠色金融樞紐角色我們看到香港早已採取積極行動,提升本港作為區內綠色和可持續金融樞紐的地位,這點從香港監管機構推行的各項倡議中可見一斑。金管局和國際金融公司於2020年11月共同發起了綠色商業銀行聯盟(聯盟),以幫助銀行開發解決氣候變化所需的方案。金管局作為聯盟的亞洲區域創始成員及首個區域執行理事,將推動香港成為亞洲區商業銀行的綠色金融樞紐。聯盟將在區內聯合舉辦多項專項計劃及活動,包括進行綠色金融研究、提供獨到的市場分析及具針對性的專業能力提升及培訓,以及為銀行提供實際指引。這些活動將會支持銀行建立其綠色轉型路徑,將綠色金融納入核心業務,同時開發新的綠色金融產品。另外,香港綠色金融協會於2020年9月發起粵港澳大灣區綠色金融聯盟,促進大灣區的綠色金融發展。粵港澳大灣區綠色金融聯盟是香港綠色金融協會、廣東金融學會綠色金融專業委員會、深圳經濟特區金融學會綠色金融專業委員會及澳門銀行公會共同發起的工作協調機制。聯盟旨在推動相關研究工作,並把握廣東省的綠色投資需求及香港澳門的綠色金融能力,推動有利於大灣區的綠色投資。政府亦在2019年根據政府綠色債券計劃發表《綠色債券框架》(「《框架》」),載述政府如何透過發行綠色債券,為改善環境和促進轉型至低碳經濟的項目籌措資金。在《框架》下,首批價值10億美元的綠色債券已在2019年5月28日成功發行。截至2020年6月30日,所募集的總資金78.29億港元已全數分配予七個工務項目,項目分屬《框架》所界定的四個不同合資格類別。此外,政府於2021年2月2日成功發行總值25億美元的綠色債券。截至2021年7月31日,2021年2月發行的綠色債券所募集的總資金193.04億港元,已全數分配至五個獲首批綠色債券部分資助的公共工程項目,以及另外七個獲政府綠色債券計劃督導委員會核准為合資格項目的工務項目。13此外,政府亦於2022年5月進一步發行價值200億港元的政府綠色零售債券。14碳市場專責團隊由證監會和香港交易所擔任聯席主席,負責研究最合適的市場及監管模式,並會在諮詢市場專家及相關部門後,制定詳細路線圖、落實計劃及指示性時間表。Source:CarbonMarketOpportunitiesforHongKong-PreliminaryFeasibilityAssessment,March2022資料來源:香港的碳市場機遇─初步可行性評估,2022年3月13.GreenBondReport2021,theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaGreenBondReport2021(hkgb.gov.hk)14.News.gov.hknews.gov.hk-Retailgreenbondresultsannounced13.綠色債券報告2021,中華人民共和國香港特別行政區(hkgb.gov.hk)14.政府新聞網news.gov.hk-零售綠債申請最多獲發五手VisionforaGBAUnifiedCarbonMarketɽᝄਜ୕ɓ၁̹ఙٙᗴ౻Top-leveldesignandplatformconstructionGBAUnifiedCarbonMarketstartstrading,withparticipationfrominternationalinvestorsExplorationoftransactionandinformationexchangewiththenationalETSthroughlinkageWhenGBAcarbonspotmarketmaturesGBAandoverseasinvestorscanopenaccountsandplaceordersattheGBAtradingplatform,withoutopeningseparateclearingandescrowaccountsɽᝄਜʿऎ̮ҳ༟٫̙ீཀɽᝄਜʹ̨̻dΌ၁ર׳ᛆʹ̹ఙක˒ʿ೯̈ʹܸ˿dϾೌც̤Бකͭഐၑʿৄ၍੮˒ઞ॰ீཀஹટdၾΌ၁ર׳ᛆʹ̹ఙආБʹձڦࢹʝ౬ɽᝄਜ୕ɓ၁̹ఙකආБʹdϾყҳ༟٫͵ঐਞၾՉʕᄴணࠇʿ̨̻ܔɽᝄਜ၁ږፄତ̹ఙϓᆞࣛ38TheTrendofSustainableInvestingChallengesandOpportunitiesTheopportunitiesforHongKongtobecomeasustainablefinancecentreareenormousgivenHongKong’sfootprintasamajorfinancialcentreinAsia.Nevertheless,thereisalsotheneedforabettercollaborationwithChinaandtherestoftheworld.Inordertofacilitatetheeffectivegreenfinancesolutions,standardisedreportingstandards,standardiseddataandmoretransparentdisclosureswillhelptofurtherenhanceHongKong’scapabilitiesasasustainablefinancehub.Withtheincreasingawarenessingeneralforgreenlivingandtheincreasingdemandforgreenproducts,togetherwithHongKong’spositionasagatekeeperofChinamarketaswellasitsconnectionwiththeinternationalmarket,thefutureofgreenfinanceinHongKongisverypromising.挑戰與機遇香港作為亞洲主要的金融中心之一,擁有成為可持續金融中心的龐大機遇,然而,香港同時必須加強與中國內地及世界各地的合作。為促進有效的綠色金融方案,訂立標準化的匯報準則、標準化的數據及更透明的資料披露,將有助進一步提高香港作為可持續金融樞紐的能力。隨着公眾對綠色生活的意識不斷提升,市場對綠色產品的需求不斷增加,香港可為中國市場把關,並同時連繫國際市場,在未來的綠色金融發展充滿潛力。LookingintotheFuture展望未來40TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting41LookingintotheFuture展望未來2019冠狀病毒疫情使普羅大眾更加注重健康,綠色生活的意識亦因此提高,顧客正在改變消費習慣,以減少對環境的影響,而投資者亦更加關注公司在創造綠色未來及長遠價值方面的承諾。可持續投資不再是小眾市場,成為主流更是指日可待,不容忽視,甚至足以改變企業的經營方式,朝着更好的可持續未來邁進,改變企業在未來創造價值的方式。公司管理層必須把握當中的機遇。國際可持續準則理事會提出國際財務報告可持續披露準則,預期各司法管轄區將加以採納,屆時,匯報框架將更規範、更透明及詳盡,此舉可滿足投資者的需求,以便獲得更可靠的資料作出知情的投資決策。公司必須做好準備應對所有挑戰,並且遵照新的匯報準則,箇中關鍵在於建立一套管治架構,為可持續發展及財務報告設立健全的匯報制度,而建立適當的流程和監控措施,以及推動技術進步,皆是日後須採取的重要步驟。公司亦需經歷艱辛的學習過程,還要面對不熟悉的範疇,解決當中不甚確定的大小難題,因此必須調整心態學習新技能。往後,同樣重要的是,公司高層必須設立一套ESG策略,並且在營運層面考慮供應鏈中的ESG元素及氣候風險緩解方案。為建立穩健的ESG管治架構,公司在有需要時應尋求專業意見,包括就ESG策略給予意見,並為ESG框架制定一套完整的政策及程序。預期在可見的未來,披露規定將更趨嚴格,因此公司亦應就編製ESG報告尋求專業意見。對資產管理業而言,氣候變化及可持續投資的新趨勢可謂風險與機遇並存。投資者紛紛將ESG因素納入投資決策之中,希望所作的投資能與本身的綠色價值觀及可持續發展取態保持一致。因此,資產管理公司若能迅速行動,將ESG元素納入投資策略中,便可從中受惠。然而,資產管理公司必須確保本身擁有合適的工具、數據及資料,才盡可能作出最佳的投資決策。箇中的困難在於缺乏可比較的詳細資料或數據。但隨着全球各地的政策制訂者指令加強披露準則,預計在可見的未來裏,資產管理公司將會獲得更多更具可比性、更透明和詳盡的資料及數據。今後,可持續投資將成為未來的新常態。在疫情過後的經濟發展中,注重ESG的公司可望表現出更強韌的恢復能力。現在是時候讓我們擁抱新的綠色理念,做好準備,把握眼前的龐大機遇。ETheCovid-19pandemichaspromptedpeopleingeneraltobemorehealthconsciousandhenceincreasedpeople’sawarenessofgreenliving.Customersarechanginghabitstoreduceimpactsontheenvironment.Investorsaremoreconcernedaboutcompanies’commitmentincreatingagreenfutureanditslong-termvalue.Sustainableinvestingisnolongeranichemarketbutitwillbecomeamainstreamandcannolongerbeignored.Itwillchangehowbusinessesoperatetowardsabettersustainablefutureandhowbusinessescreatevaluegoingforward.Itisimperativeforcompanies’managementtocapturetheopportunities.WiththeproposedIFRSSustainabilityDisclosureStandardsbyISSBandtheexpectedadoptionbylocaljurisdictions,amorestandardised,transparentanddetailedreportingframeworkwillberolledouttomeetthedemandfrominvestorsformorereliableinformationformakinginformedinvestmentdecisions.Companieswillhavetogetthemselvesreadytomeetallthechallengesandthenewreportingstandards.Establishingagovernancestructuretosupportarobustreportingsystemforbothsustainabilityandfinancialreportingwillbecrucial.Properprocessesandcontrolsaswellastechnologyadvancementwillbeimportantstepsgoingforward.Companieswillalsofaceasteeplearningcurveandwillhavetohandletheuncertaintiesaboutareasthatcompaniesdon’tfamiliarwith.Companieswillhavetoacquirethedifferentmindsetandlearnthenewskills.EstablishingtheESGstrategyonahigherlevelandconsideringsupplychainESGelementsandclimateriskmitigationplansonamoreoperationallevelwillbecrucialforthecompaniesgoingforward.Ifnecessary,companiesareencouragedtoseekprofessionaladvicetobuildarobustESGgovernancestructurewhichincludesadvisingonESGstrategyaswellasformulatingacompletesetofpolicyandprocedurefortheESGframework.CompaniesarealsoencouragedtoseekprofessionaladviceonthepreparationoftheirESGreportsasweanticipatemorestringentdisclosurerequirementsintheforeseeablefuture.Asfortheassetmanagementindustry,climatechangeandthenewtrendofsustainableinvestingarecreatingrisksandopportunities.InvestorsarepursuingESGfactorsintheirinvestmentdecisions.Theyarelookingtoaligntheirinvestmentswiththeirgreenvaluesandsustainabilitypreferences.AssetmanagerswhoareabletoactquicklyandincorporateESGelementsintheirinvestmentsstrategywillbenefit.Nevertheless,assetmanagerswillhavetoensurethattheyhavetherighttools,dataandinformationtomakethebestpossibleinvestmentdecisions.Challengeslieonthelackofcomparableanddetailedinformationordata.However,withthedirectionofenhancingdisclosurestandardsbypolicymakersaroundtheglobe,weanticipatethatmorecomparable,transparentanddetaileddataandinformationwillbeavailabletoassetmanagersintheforeseeablefuture.Sustainableinvestingwillbeanewnormgoingforward.ESG-focuscompaniesareexpectedtodemonstratemoreresilientinthepostCovid-19economy.Itistimeforallofustoembracethenewgreenconcept,getpreparedandcapturethevastopportunitiesaheadofus.AboutGrantThornton致同簡介42TheTrendofSustainableInvestingTheTrendofSustainableInvesting43CONTACTUSᑌഖҢࡁAboutGrantThornton致同簡介GrantThorntonHongKongLimitedisamemberfirmofGrantThorntonInternationalLtd(GTIL).ThefirmisfullyintegratedwithGrantThorntonChinaandapartofanetworkof28officesprovidingseamlessaccesstoover300partnersandover6,000professionalsacrossmainlandChinaandHongKong.Formoreinformation,pleasevisitwww.grantthornton.cn.GTILisoneoftheworld’sleadingorganisationsofindependentassurance,taxandadvisoryfirms.Thesefirmshelpdynamicorganisationsunlocktheirpotentialforgrowthbyprovidingmeaningful,forward-lookingadvice.Proactiveteams,ledbyapproachablepartnersinthesefirms,useinsights,experienceandinstincttounderstandcomplexissuesforprivatelyowned,publiclylistedandpublicsectorclientsandhelpthemfindsolutions.With62,000peopleinover138countries,GrantThorntonfocusesonmakingadifferencetoclients,colleaguesandthecommunitiesinwhichweliveandwork.致同(香港)會計師事務所有限公司為GrantThorntonInternationalLtd(致同國際)在香港的成員所,也是致同會計師事務所(特殊普通合夥)在中國全面整合業務中的一員,與全中國(包括香港)共28個辦事處丶超過300位合夥人及逾6,000位專業人員連成一線,為中國內地和香港市場的客戶提供一體化的優質服務。有關詳情,可瀏覽www.grantthornton.cn。GrantThornton(致同)是一個國際性組織,由全球各地獨立提供審計丶稅務及諮詢服務的成員所組成,國際地位斐然。各成員所為充滿活力的企業提供具前瞻性的有效建議,助其釋放增長潛能。各成員所的合夥人非常注重與客戶的緊密的聯繫。由他們帶領的團隊,憑卓見丶經驗及直覺,積極主動地為私營企業丶上市公司和公共事務客戶提供解決方案。遍及全球超過138個國家的逾62,000名致同員工致力於為客戶丶同行及社會的發展而不斷努力,改變現狀,並成就未來。EugeneHaMianWongAngieYimDeputyManagingPartner副管理合夥人T+85239871311EEugene.Ha@hk.gt.comDirector–Advisory總監-諮詢T+85239871261EMian.Wong@hk.gt.comAssociateDirector–Advisory副總監-諮詢T+85239871385EAngie.Yim@hk.gt.com夏其才黃美燕嚴欣琪FGrantThorntonHongKongGrantThorntonChinaT:E:39871200hongkong@hk.gt.comgrantthorntonhkgrantthornton.cn©2022GrantThorntonHongKongLimited.Allrightsreserved.‘GrantThornton’referstothebrandunderwhichtheGrantThorntonmemberfirmsprovideassurance,taxandadvisoryservicestotheirclientsand/orreferstooneormorememberfirms,asthecontextrequires.GrantThorntonHongKongLimitedisamemberfirmofGrantThorntonInternationalLtd(GTIL).GTILandthememberfirmsarenotaworldwidepartnership.GTILandeachmemberfirmisaseparatelegalentity.Servicesaredeliveredbythememberfirms.GTILdoesnotprovideservicestoclients.GTILanditsmemberfirmsarenotagentsof,anddonotobligate,oneanotherandarenotliableforoneanother’sactsoromissions.Thispublicationhasbeenpreparedonlyasareference.Noresponsibilitycanbeacceptedbyusforlossoccasionedtoanypersonactingorrefrainingfromactingasaresultofanymaterialcontainedinthispublication.