BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculationBASFmethodforProductCarbonFootprintsVersionof20.12.2021Author&Owner:BASFCorporateSustainability,CDS/SBASFSE,Carl-Bosch-Str.38,67056Ludwigshafen,GermanyBASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation2IndexDocumentChangeControl/History..............................................................................31.Introduction..........................................................................................................42.MethodologicalprinciplesandrequirementsaccordingtoISO14067:2018............42.1Definitionofdeclaredunit.......................................................................................42.2ProductSystem.......................................................................................................42.3Systemboundary.....................................................................................................52.4Datarequirements..................................................................................................62.4.1Thedataneedsmatrix...............................................................................................................62.4.2Dataqualityrequirementsofprimarydatacollection..............................................................72.4.3Selectionofsecondarydataanduseofproxydata...................................................................82.4.4Reportingonsecondaryorbackgrounddata............................................................................82.4.5Modellingofwasteandwastewater.........................................................................................92.5Cut-offcriteria.........................................................................................................92.6Allocation..............................................................................................................102.6.1Multi-outputAllocation...........................................................................................................102.6.2End-of-LifeAllocation..............................................................................................................112.7LCIAmethodology.................................................................................................122.7.1Fossilremovals........................................................................................................................132.7.2Biogeniccarboninproductandbiogenicremovals................................................................132.8Sensitivityanalysisandqualitychecksofresults.....................................................132.8.1Quickchecklist.........................................................................................................................132.9Reportingrequirements.........................................................................................14AnnexAGlossary...................................................................................................15BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation3DocumentChangeControl/HistoryChangeHistoryDateAuthorsVersionRemarks20.12.2022CorporateSustainability,BASFSELudwigshafen1.0Versiondistributedviawebsite.Pleaserefertolandingpageindicatedbelow,toretrievethelatestversionofthisdocument.Locationofthedocumenthttps://www.basf.com/global/en/who-we-are/sustainability/we-drive-sustainable-solutions/quantifying-sustainability/product-carbon-footprint/partnerships.htmlBASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation41.IntroductionThisdocumentismeantasatechnicalguidancetohelpothercompaniesandLCAanalysts.ItoutlinesBASF’sownmethodologytocalculatecradle-to-gateproductcarbonfootprints.BASF’sProductCarbonFootprintcalculationtool(SCOTT),currentlyinuseatBASF,andbroughtintothemarketviapartneringsoftwarecompanies,adherestothisdocument.SuchmethodologyisbasedonISO14067:2018forcarbonfootprintofproducts,whichbuildsontheprinciplesandrequirementsoftheISOstandards14040:2006and14044:2006forlifecycleassessment.OtherLCA-relatedguidancedocumentssuchasWBCSDChemicals1orPlasticsEurope2havebeenfollowedwhenmakingdecisionaboutallocationschemes2.Methodologicalprinciplesandrequirements2.1DefinitionofdeclaredunitThedeclaredunitforwhichthePCFofaproductsystemiscalculatedshallbe1kgofunpackagedproductatfactorygate,regardlessofitsstate(solid,liquid,gas),asitsspecificdensityisconsidered.Thedeclaredunitshallnotincludetransportemissionstocustomerpremises2.2ProductSystemTheproductsystemofthecradle-to-gatePCFisthesumofGHGemissions,expressedasCO2equivalents,fromtheextractionoftheresourcesuptoproductionofthefinalproduct.ItshallincludeallproductrelateddirectGHGemissions,includingremovals,fromScopes1,2and3upstream(Figure1).1WBCSDChemicals2013,LifeCycleMetricsforChemicalProducts:Aguidelinebythechemicalsectortoassessandreportontheenvironmentalfootprintofproducts,basedonlifecycleassessment.2PlasticsEuroperecommendationonsteamcrackerallocation,LifeCycleandSustainabilityworkinggroupofPlasticsEurope,2017.BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation5Figure1SystemboundarydefinitionaccordingtoGHGProtocolScope1directCO2eemissionsresultfromproductionprocessesthatareownedorcontrolledbythereportingcompany.Theyarisefrome.g.,•emissionsfromchemicalreactions,•emissionsstemmingfromwastetreatmentw/oenergyuse(e.g.,flares),•emissionsfromfuelandresiduesincinerationinprocessplants.Scope2CO2eemissionsresultfromthegenerationofpurchasedenergysuchaselectricityandsteam.Scope3upstreamCO2eemissionsresulte.g.,fromtheuseofpurchasedrawmaterialsandindirectemissionsduetothegenerationandextractionoffuelsconsumedbytheproduct-processingplants.2.3SystemboundaryInthecradle-to-gatePCFcalculationtheemissionsfromthefollowingactivitiesshallbeincludedandexcluded,respectivelyasdescribedinTable2-1.Table2-1Systemboundaryofcradle-to-gateproductsystemIncludedExcludedRawmaterials(incl.catalyststhatareconsumedinthereaction)andfuelsPackagingEnergyconsumptionOutboundtransportsUtilitiesCapitalgoods/infrastructure/includingcatalyststhatarere-generated/recoveredBASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation6ManufacturingNon-production-relatedproducts3InboundtransportationEmployeecommuting/businesstravelSite-to-sitetransportationTreatmentofprocesswasteWastewatertreatmentfordefinitionoftermsseeglossary2.4Datarequirements2.4.1ThedataneedsmatrixTherequirementsforuseofprimary(company-specific)orsecondarydata(Scope2andScope3)forGHGemissionsdependonthelevelofinfluencethecompanyhasontheprocess4andareasfollows.Thefollowingthreecasesaredistinguishedinthedataneedsmatrix(Table2-2):1.Situation1:theprocessisrunbythecompany2.Situation2:theprocessisnotrunbythecompany,butthecompanyhasaccessto(company-)specificinformation3.Situation3:theprocessisnotrunbythecompanyandthecompanydoesnothaveaccessto(company-)specificinformationTable2-2DataneedsmatrixDatarequirementsSituation1:processrunbythecompanyScope1Collectprimary(company-specific)dataforboth,activitydataanddirectemissions,viaabottom-upapproach(byunit-process)andforeachsite.Thisincludesownproductionplants,powerplants,transportactivities,waste,andwastewatertreatment.FortransportationactivitiesusehighqualityCO2eemissionfactors,inthiscasefleetspecific.3Non-production-relatedprocurement(oftencalledindirectprocurement)consistsofpurchasedgoodsandservicesthatarenotintegraltothecompany’sproductsbutareinsteadusedtoenableoperations.Non-production-relatedprocurementmayincludecapitalgoods,suchasfurniture,officeequipment,andcomputers.Source:GHGProtocolCorporateValueChainStandard.4Asetofinterrelatedorinteractingactivitiesthattransformsortransportsaproduct.Source:GHGProtocolCorporateValueChainStandard.BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation7Situation2:processnotrunbythecompanybutwithaccesstocompany-specificinformationScope2DatasourcesforScope2emissionsshouldbesupplier-specific(alsoreferredtoasmarket-basedemissionfactors5)fromenergysuppliersforthereferenceperiod(Note:TheScope3upstreamemissionsforthefuelsthatgointotheenergyproductionhavetobeaddedaswell,inordertoarriveatacompletecradle-to-gatePCFofthepurchasedenergy.Forrenewableenergysources,theScope3upstreamemissionsmaybeneglectediftheyareinsignificantandthusfallunderthecut-offcriteria.Scope3Useasupplier-specificPCFforrawmaterialsorfuels.Thequalityofthesupplier-specificPCFhastobeevaluatedandcheckedforappropriatenessaccordingtotheGHGProtocolProductStandardorISO14067:2018.Situation3:processnotrunbythecompanyandwithoutaccesstocompany-specificinformationScope2Uselocation-basedfactorsforexternalenergysupply.Scope3Amongavailabledata,usePCFvaluesthataremostrepresentativeandspecifictothegeographyandtechnologyusedtoproducetherawmaterials,utilitiesandfuels.Thebelowhierarchyforrawmaterials,utilitiesandfuelsshallbeapplied:1.Mostrecentandvalidassociationdata(e.g.,PlasticsEurope)2.Mostrecentqualitysecondarydatabase(Sphera/GaBi,Ecoinvent,CMDatabase,others)63.ProxiesorestimationsFortransportationactivitiesusehighqualityCO2eemissionfactorsfromEcoTransITorSphera/GaBi.2.4.2DataqualityrequirementsofprimarydatacollectionMinimumcriteriaondataqualityofprimarydatacollectionandallprocessesrelatedtoScope1operationsareshowninTable2-3.5Thepurchaseanduseofgreenelectricitycanbeconsideredinthemarket-basedemissionfactorprovidedthatthecriteriainISO14067:2018,Chapter6.4.9.4.4aremet.6SourceofsecondarydatabaseistobedisclosedinthePCFreport.SinceBASFusessecondarydatapredominantlyfromSphera/GaBi,werecommendthatoursuppliersalsouseSphera/GaBiPCFdataintheirPCFcalculationsduetoconsistencyreasons.BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation8Table2-3Dataqualityrequirementsonprimarydata(Scope1)DataQualityCriteriaRequirementGeographicalrepresentativenessPrimarydatafromallsitesrelevantfortheproductunderstudy.TechnologicalrepresentativenessSpecific(actual)technologyfromtheproductionplantsforproductunderstudy.TemporalrepresentativenessTheprimarydataconsidered•referstothemostrecentannualadministrationperiod,•isnotolderthan3years,•coversatleast12calendarmonthstoavoidseasonalchanges.ConsistencyAminimumofconsistencyandjustificationwillhavetobeensuredbycheckingfor15%deviationfromthepreviousyear’sprimarydata.Incaseofabiggerdeviation,ajustifyingcommentmustbeprovidedbythepractitioners.CompletenessSeecut-offcriteria(chapter2.5).ReliabilityDatabasedonmeasurementsofactualandsite-specificinternalproductiondata.PrecisionMeasured/calculatedandinternallyverified,plausibilitycheckedby(internal)reviewer.2.4.3SelectionofsecondarydataanduseofproxydataThebelowhierarchyfortheselectionofsecondarydataforScope3processesshallbeapplied:1.Iftheproductionorigin(regionorcountry)ofthesuppliedrawmaterialandfuelisknownchoosearegionalorcountry-specificproductionmix.2.Iftheproductionoriginisnotknownchoosearegionalorcountry-specificconsumptionmixbasedonthelocationofyourtier-1supplier.3.Ifthereisnoregionalorcountry-specificdatasetavailablechoosethesamerawmaterialorfuelfromanothercountryorregionwhichisthemostappropriateintermsofGHGemissions.4.Ifthespecificrawmaterialorfuelisnotavailablechooseanappropriateproxye.g.,achemicalsubstancefromthesamechemicalgroup.2.4.4ReportingonsecondaryorbackgrounddataSecondaryorbackgrounddataconcernprocessesoutsidetheoperationalcontrolofthecompany.Thesourceofsecondarydatamustbespecifiedinthereport.TheextenttowhichsecondarydataisusedshouldbespecifiedinrelationtoallScope2andScope3GHGemissionsbyCO2equivalents.BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation9Aspartofthequalitycheck,themostrelevantcontributionsofLCIsregardingtheirplausibilityshouldbeassessedandreportedinthestudyreport,includingatminimumyearofpublication,databasesourceandversion.2.4.5ModellingofwasteandwastewaterFormodellingtheGHGimpactfromwasteandwastewatertreatment,appropriategenericLCIdatasetsfromLCAdatabasesmaybeused.Asapproximation,specificemissionfactorscanbeused.Theyshouldbecalculatedbyconsideringthefollowing:GHGemissionsfromwastetreatment•Wasteformaterialrecovery:seechapter2.6.2(iftherecommendedcut-offapproachisapplied,noGHGemissionsaretobeallocated)•Wasteforenergyrecovery:o100%conversiontoCO2ebasedoncarboncontentoCO2ecreditforheatproductionmaybeconsideredoCO2efromfuelneededforcombustionprocessmaybeconsidered•Wastetoundergroundlandfill:noGHGemissionstobeallocated•Wastetosurfacelandfill:100%conversiontoCO2ebasedoncarboncontent•Wastetoincineration:o100%conversiontoCO2ebasedoncarboncontentoCO2efromfuelneededforcombustionprocessmaybeconsideredGHGemissionsfromwastewatertreatment•IftheTotalOrganicCarbon(TOC)loadofyourprocessesisknown:o100%conversiontoCO2ebasedoncarboncontentoUtilitiesfortreatmentofwastewaterandsludgeincinerationincluded2.5Cut-offcriteriaTheLCIdatacollectionshallaimforcompleteness–aclosedmassandenergybalance–andavoidcut-offsaltogether.Wherequantitativedataareavailable,theyshallbeincluded.However,noundueeffortshouldbespentondevelopingdataofnegligiblesignificanceconcerningGHGemissions.Cut-offsmaybecomenecessaryincaseswherenodataareavailable,whereelementaryflowsareverysmall(belowquantificationlimit),orwherethelevelofeffortrequiredtoclosedatagapsandtoachieveanacceptableresultbecomesprohibitive.1.Incaseswherenomatchinglifecycleinventoriesareavailabletorepresentarawmaterialorwhereprocessesandelementaryflowsareverysmall(belowquantificationlimit),proxydatashallbeusedbasedonconservativeassumptionsregardingGHGemissions.2.Includeallmaterialinputsthathaveacumulativetotalofatleast99%ofthetotalmassinputstotheunitprocess.BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation103.Includeallenergyinputsthathaveacumulativetotalofatleast99%oftotalenergyinputstotheunitprocess.4.Ifpreciousmetalcontainingcatalystsareusedasaninputofchemicalreactions,theyshallbeconsideredinthePCFcalculation,eveniftheirinputis<=1%.ThePCFcalculationoftheproductresultingoutofsuchachemicalreaction,shouldatminimumconsiderthelossofcatalystwithPCFequaltothevirginmaterial,toensurethecorrectPCFcalculation.Ifknown,theeffortsoftherecyclingofthecatalystsshouldbeconsideredinaddition.2.6AllocationTheapplicationofallocationrulessignificantlydeterminestheresults.Specialattentionshouldthereforebepaidtothemulti-outputallocation.2.6.1Multi-outputAllocationWhenmulti-outputallocationbecomesnecessaryduringthedatacollectionphase,aconsistentallocationapproachforallpossible(materialandenergetically)typesofco-productsusedfollowingadecisionhierarchyshallbeapplied:1.Allocationmethodsinlinewithpublishedandacceptedproductcategoryrules(PCR)ofanalogousprocessesshallbeappliedwhereavailable,e.g.,PlasticsEurope.SeeTable2-4.2.Co-productswhichareonlyusedinenergyrecoveryshallbetreatedbysystemexpansionandsubstitution.3.Carbondioxidethatiscapturedandusedasinputinanotherprocessisnotconsideredasallocatableco-product.4.Ifallco-productsaregasesandincludehydrogenwithashare>1%,volumeallocationshallbeapplied.5.FollowingtheguidanceoftheWBCSDChemicals7,theratiooftheeconomicvalueofco-productsisacriteriontodecidebetweenphysicalallocationandeconomicallocation.Iftheratioisequalorlessthanfive(5),thenmassallocationshallbeapplied,otherwiseeconomicallocationshallbeapplied.Economicallocationfactorsshallbecalculatedfromaveragepricesovermultipleyearstoaverageoutfluctuations.86.Iftheshareofaco-productisverysmall(inmassorvolume<=1%),itshallbeskippedindecisionabouttheallocationmethod.7.Ifsimilartechnicalprocesseswiththesameby-products(samechemicalentity,share>1%toberelevant)areassigneddifferentallocationapproachesaccordingtotheabovescheme,thesemaybothbesettomassallocation.7WBCSDChemicals2013,LifeCycleMetricsforChemicalProducts:Aguidelinebythechemicalsectortoassessandreportontheenvironmentalfootprintofproducts,basedonlifecycleassessment.8BASFcalculatesthisratiofromproductioncostdataaveragedoverseveralyearstoreducefluctuations.BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation11Table2-4ExamplesofproductsystemsusingaPCRtoallocateco-products2.6.2End-of-LifeAllocationEnd-of-LifeallocationgenerallyfollowstherequirementsofISO14044,section4.3.4.3.Suchallocationapproachesaddressthequestionofhowtoassignimpactsfromvirginproductionprocessestomaterialthatisrecycledandusedinfutureproductsystems.TwomainapproachesarecommonlyusedinLCAstudiestoaccountforend-of-liferecyclingandrecycledcontent.Cut-offapproach(alsoknownas100:0orrecycledcontentapproach)–burdensorcreditsassociatedwithmaterialfrompreviousorsubsequentlifecyclesarenotconsideredi.e.,are“cut-off”.Therefore,scrapinputtotheproductionprocessisconsideredtobefreeofburdensbut,equally,nocreditisreceivedforscrapavailableforrecyclingatend-of-life.Thisapproachrewardstheuseofrecycledcontentbutdoesnotrewardendofliferecycling.Substitutionapproach(alsoknownas0:100,closed-loopapproximation,recyclabilitysubstitutionorendoflifeapproach)–thisapproachisbasedon9PlasticsEuroperecommendationonsteamcrackerallocation,LifeCycleandSustainabilityworkinggroupofPlasticsEurope,2017.10ERASMSLE(2014).SurfactantLifeCycleandEcofootprintingProject;updatingthelifecycleinventoriesforcommercialsurfactantproduction.FinalReportforERASM(www.erasm.org),186p.11TolueneDiisocyanate(TDI)&MethylenediphenylDiisocyanate(MDI)ISOPA,Eco-profilesandEnvironmentalProductDeclarationsoftheEuropeanPlasticsManufacturers,202.112AnEco-profileandEnvironmentalProductDeclarationoftheEuropeanChlor-AlkaliIndustry,Chlorine(Thechlor--alkaliprocess),EuroChlor,2013.ProductsystemAllocationapproachStandard/RationalefollowedSteamcrackersSpecificmassallocation.Productsarecategorizedinintendedandco-products.Energydemandsandemissionsareallocatedbymasstointendedproducts.Feedstocksareallocatedbymasstoallintendedandby-products.PlasticsEuropesteamcrackerallocationpaper9C12-14Fattyalcohols(oleo),methylesters,refinedoils,andcrudeoilsfromoilpalm,refined-andcrudeoilsfromCoconutMassERASM10Toluenediisocyanate(TDI),Methylenediphenyldiisocyanate(MDI)StoichiometricISOPA11Chlorine(chlor-alkaliprocess)DrymatterEuroChlor12BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation12theperspectivethatmaterialthatisrecycledintosecondarymaterialatendoflifewillsubstituteforanequivalentamountofvirginmaterial.Henceacreditisgiventoaccountforthismaterialsubstitution.However,thisalsomeansthatburdensequivalenttothiscreditshouldbeassignedtoscrapusedasaninputtotheproductionprocess,withtheoverallresultthattheimpactofrecycledgranulateisthesameastheimpactofvirginmaterial.Thisapproachrewardsendofliferecyclingbutdoesnotrewardtheuseofrecycledcontent.Otherapproachescover,e.g.,theCircularFootprintFormula13ortheUmbrellaFormula+orIntegratedFormula14.Whenend-of-lifeallocationbecomesnecessaryduringthedatacollectionphase,anallocationapproachinlinewithpublishedandacceptedcategoryrulesofanalogousprocessesshallbeappliedwhereavailable.Ifthisisnotthecase,werecommendusingthecut-offapproach.ChemicalRecyclingSystems:Allburdensfromthepointoforiginofthewasteandtherecyclingprocesstogenerateanewfeedstock(collection,transports,sorting,recyclingoperation,pyrolysis)needtobetakenintoaccountintheuptakingsystem.Asaconsequence,thewasteisnotconsideredasburden-free.Consequently,theuptakingsystemcanreceiveacreditforsavingtheburdens,thatotherwisehavebeencreatedinend-of-lifeoptionslikeincineration.2.7LCIAmethodologyThecharacterizationmethodfocusesongreenhousegasemissions.Theimpactofgreenhousegasemissions–suchascarbondioxide(CO2),methane(CH4),andnitrousoxide(N2O)isassessedoverafixedperiodof100yearsaccordingtotheBernmodel15.ThePCF,expressedinkgCO2equivalents,reflectstheclimatechangeimpactofairemissionsofgreenhousegases(GHGs).IncreasedGHGsinthetroposphereresultinwarmingoftheearth’ssurface.Theclimatechangecategoryconsidersthatdifferentgaseshavedifferentclimatechangeimpactsonglobalwarming.ThetotalimpactisdescribedinCO2equivalents.13Zampori,L.andPant,R.,SuggestionsforupdatingtheProductEnvironmentalFootprint(PEF)method,EUR29682EN,PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,Luxembourg,2019,ISBN978-92-76-00654-1,doi:10.2760/424613,JRC1114https://maki-consulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Umbrella-formula_incl._reformulated_Integrated_formula_improved_Wolf_Sep2016-3.pdf15Forster,P.,V.Ramaswamy,P.Artaxo,T.Berntsen,R.Betts,D.W.Fahey,J.Haywood,J.Lean,D.C.Lowe,G.Myhre,J.Nganga,R.Prinn,G.Raga,M.SchulzandR.VanDorland,2007:ChangesinAtmosphericConstituentsandinRadiativeForcing.In:ClimateChange2007:ThePhysicalScienceBasis.ContributionofWorkingGroupItotheFourthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange[Solomon,S.,D.Qin,M.Manning,Z.Chen,M.Marquis,K.B.Averyt,M.TignorandH.L.Miller(eds.)].CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,UnitedKingdomandNewYork,NY,USA.BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation13ThePCFshallbecalculatedconsideringallsixKyotogases(Carbondioxide“CO2”,Methane“CH4”,Nitrousoxide“N2O”,Hydrofluorocarbons“HFCs”,Perfluorocarbons“PFCs”,Sulphurhexafluoride“SF6”),plusNF3,measuredbymassandconvertedintoCO2equivalentsusingthe100-yearglobalwarmingpotential(GWP)coefficientsofthe2013IPCC5thAssessmentReportwithclimatecarbonfeedbacks.ThisincludesCO2fromlanduseandlandusechange.Forexample,thecorrectcharacterizationmethodsinSphera’sProductSustainabilitySolution(GaBi)arecalled•IPCCAR5GWP100,exclbiogeniccarbon,inclLandUseChange,nonorm/weight•andIPCCAR5GWP100,incl.biogeniccarbon,inclLandUseChange,nonorm/weight.InotherLCASoftwaretoolsthenamescandifferfromthatbutshallcontainthesamecharacterizationfactors.2.7.1FossilremovalsFossilremovalsshallbeincludedinthePCFcalculation.ThenetresultoffossilGHGemissionsandremovalsshallbedocumented.2.7.2BiogeniccarboninproductandbiogenicremovalsThebiogenicemissionsandremovalsshallbeconsideredinthePCFquantificationandreportedseparatelyfromthePCFexcludingbiogenicemissionsandremovals.Additionally,thebiogeniccarboncontentoftheproductshallbereported.Biogeniccarbonbalanceshouldbeclosed.2.8SensitivityanalysisandqualitychecksofresultsSensitivityanalyseswithdifferentmodellingchoices(e.g.,anotherdatasetforarawmaterial,anotherallocationmethodfortheforegroundproductsystem)shouldbeperformedinordertotesttherobustnessoftheresult.ValidationoftheresultingPCFofaproductshouldbeobtainedbyexperts,suchastechnologyexperts,controllers,plantmanagers,sitemanagers,andLCAexperts.2.8.1QuickchecklistThefollowingshortchecklistshallhelptheLCApractitionertovalidatethePCF.•Checktheoverallmassbalance(includesrawmaterialinputs,productoutputs,wastesaswellasemissionsintoairandwater)•Checktheelementarybalancebydoingastochiometriccalculation•Checkifon-stagedirectemissionsarerealistic,e.g.,bycarbonbalance•Checkutilityconsumption(plausible?)•Checkallocationfactors(inlinewithchapter2.6.1?)•ChecktheappropriatenessofthesecondarydatasetsselectedforScope3:BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation14oCheckiftechnologyrepresentedintheLCIistheappropriate.oCheckiftheapplicationofproxiesisappropriate.oIfsupplierdataisavailablereplacedataset.•CO2ebenchmarkagainstowncalculations,sameproductfromothersites/plantscompanies,existingLCAdata,LCIsfromotherthird-partydatabases.•CheckwhytherearesignificantdeviationstoLCAbenchmarkdata2.8.2ReportingrequirementsAsaminimumrequirementtheresultsofthePCFcalculation(includingandexcluddingbiogenicemissionsandremovals)alongwiththefollowinginformationmustbereported:NameoftheproducerNameoftheproductLocationofproductionDeclaredunitSystemboundariesSourcesofsecondarydataTime-relatedscopeGeographicalscopeTechnologicalscopeAllocation(formulti-outputdefineifallocationorsystemexpansionisused;ifallocation,defineifspecificPCRorusedallocationapproach)LCIAmethodusedBASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation15AnnexAGlossaryAcronymTermDefinitionAllocationPartitioningtheinputoroutputflowsofaprocessoraproductsystembetweentheproductsystemunderstudyandoneormoreotherproductsystems.(ISO2006).BackgrounddataSeealsosecondarydata.Datathatconcernprocessesoutsidetheoperationalcontrolofthecompany.BiogeniccarboncontentFractionofcarbonderivedfrombiomassinaproduct.BiogenicemissionsCO2emissionsfromthecombustionorbiodegradationofbiomass.BiogenicremovalsThesequestrationorabsorptionofGHGemissionsfromtheatmosphere,whichmosttypicallyoccurswhenCO2isabsorbedbybiogenicmaterialsduringphotosynthesis.BiomassMaterialofbiologicaloriginexcludingmaterialembeddedingeologicalformationsand/orfossilized.CO2eCarbonDioxideEquivalentCarbondioxideequivalent,orCO2eisametricmeasurerepresentingallgreenhousegasesbyconvertingthemtotheequivalentamountofCO2.ConsumptionmixThisapproachfocusesonthedomesticproductionandtheimportstakingplace.Thesemixescanbedynamicforcertaincommodities(e.g.,electricity)inthespecificcountry/region.Cradle-to-gateAnassessmentthatincludespartoftheproduct’slifecycle,includingmaterialacquisitionthroughtheproductionofthestudiedproductandexcludingtheuseorend-of-lifestages.(WRIandWBCSD2010)Cradle-to-graveAcradletograveassessmentconsidersimpactsateachstageofaproduct’slifecycle,fromthetimenaturalresourcesareextractedfromthegroundandprocessedthrougheachsubsequentstageofmanufacturing,transportation,productuse,recycling,andultimately,disposal.(AthenaInstitute&NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratorydraft2010)GWPGlobalWarmingPotentialGWPisatermusedtodescribetherelativepotency,moleculeformolecule,ofagreenhousegas,takingaccountofhowlongitremainsactiveintheatmosphere.TheGWPscurrentlyusedarethosecalculatedover100years.Carbondioxideistakenasthegasofreferenceandgivena100-yearGWPof1.GHGGreenhouseGasesGreenhousegasesconstituteagroupofgasescontributingtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.TheKyotoProtocol,anenvironmentalagreementadoptedbymanyofthepartiestotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)in1997toBASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation16curbglobalwarming,nowadayscoverssevengreenhousegases:•thenon-fluorinatedgases:ocarbondioxide(CO2)omethane(CH4)onitrousoxide(N2O)•thefluorinatedgases:ohydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)operfluorocarbons(PFCs)oSulphurhexafluoride(SF6)onitrogentrifluoride(NF3)Convertingthemtocarbondioxide(orCO2)equivalentsmakesitpossibletocomparethemandtodeterminetheirindividualandtotalcontributionstoglobalwarming.ISOInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationISO14067:2018ISOstandardonGreenhousegases—Carbonfootprintofproducts—RequirementsandguidelinesforquantificationISO14067:2018specifiesprinciples,requirementsandguidelinesforthequantificationandreportingofthecarbonfootprintofaproduct(CFP),inamannerconsistentwithInternationalStandardsonlifecycleassessment(LCA)(ISO14040andISO14044).LCALifeCycleAssessmentThecompilationandevaluationoftheinputs,outputs,andthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofaproductsystemthroughoutitslifecycle(ISO1440:2006).LCILifeCycleInventoryThephaseoflifecycleassessmentinvolvingthecompilationandquantificationofinputsandoutputsforaproductthroughoutitslifecycle(ISO14040:2006).LCIALifeCycleImpactAssessmentThephaseoflifecycleassessmentaimedatunderstandingandevaluatingthemagnitudeandsignificanceofthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsforaproductsystemthroughoutthelifecycleoftheproduct(ISO14040:2006).PrimarydataSometimesalsocalledactivitydata.Datathatconcernprocessesinsidetheoperationalcontrolofthecompanyordatafromspecificprocessesintheproductlifecycle.PCFProductCarbonFootprintTheProductCarbonFootprintisthemostestablishedmethodfordeterminingtheclimateimpactofaproduct,consideringthetotalgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionscausedtoproduceaproduct,expressedascarbondioxideequivalent.ThePCFcanbeassessedfromcradle-to-gate(partialPCF)orfromcradle-to-grave(totalPCF).PCRProductCategoryRulesSetofspecificrules,requirements,andguidelinesfordevelopingTypeIllenvironmentaldeclarationsforoneormoreproductcategories.[ISO14025:2006]ProductionmixThisapproachfocusesonthedomesticproductionroutesandtechnologiesappliedinthespecificcountry/regionandindividuallyscaledaccordingtotheactualproductionvolumeoftherespectiveproductionroute.Thismixisgenerallylessdynamic.BASFMethodologyforProductCarbonFootprintCalculation17RemovalThesequestrationorabsorptionofGHGemissionsfromtheatmosphere,whichmosttypicallyoccurswhenCO2isabsorbedbybiogenicmaterialsduringphotosynthesis.PrimarydataSometimesalsocalledactivitydata.Scope1EmissionsScope1emissionsincludeGHGthatarisefromthecombustionoffuelsownedorcontrolledbythereportingorganization.Scope2EmissionsScope2emissionsincludeGHGemissionsthatresultfromtheconsumptionofpurchasedoracquiredenergysuchaselectricity,heating,cooling,andsteam.Scope3EmissionsScope3emissionsincludetheremainderofindirectGHGemissionswhichcannotbecategorizedasenergy-relatedemissionsinScope2.SecondarydataSeealsobackgrounddata.Datathatconcernprocessesoutsidetheoperationalcontrolofthecompanyorprocessdatathatarenotfromspecificprocessesintheproductlifecycle.SystemexpansionExpandingtheproductsystemtoincludetheadditionalfunctionsrelatedtotheco-products.Systemexpansionisamethodusedtoavoidco-productallocation.UtilitiesTheterm“utilities”includeshere:Electricity,processsteam,excesssteam,coolingwater,demineralizedwater,processwater,compressedairandnitrogen.
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